(共36张PPT)
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 5 Languages Around the World
限制性定语从句(Ⅱ)
——关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”
1. To fully understand the usage of when, where, why in attributive clauses;
2. To fully understand the usage of prep.+ which/whom in attributive clauses;
3. To learn how to use them properly.
Learning aims
Guessing Game
Look at the translations of some Chinese song lyrics(歌词).
Try to find out the Chinese version(版本) and sing the song.
Leading-in
1.You are like the most beautiful cloud that I have ever seen. Let me try to make you stay.
2. We all need courage, with which we will believe that we can be together.
你是我天边最美的云彩，
让我用心把你留下来。
——《最炫民族风》
我们都需要勇气, 去相信会在一起。
——《勇气》
3. Ten years later, we are still friends who can also greet with each other sincerely.
4. I know I have a pair of invisible wings which can take me to fly and give me hope.
十年之后, 我们是朋友，还可以问候。
——《十年》
我知道我一直有双隐形的翅膀,带我飞,给我希望。
——《隐形的翅膀》
1.You are like the most beautiful cloud that I have ever seen. Let me try to make you stay.
2. We all need courage, with which we will believe that we can be together.
3. Ten years later, we are still friends who can also greet with each other sincerely.
4. I know I have a pair of invisible wings which can take me to fly and give me hope.
attributive
clause
指人 指物 subject (主语) object (宾语) attribute（定语）
whom
who
which
that
whose
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Review
Attention: 关系代词who, whom, that, which作宾语时可以省略！
Review
English is a language __________ involves(包含) an increasing number of new words and phrases.
that/which
__________
Review
People ________ come from various countries greet each other in different languages.
who/that
Review
Language is the key ___________ aids us to boost(增加) our brain power.
that/which
Review
The Chinese writing system is an important factor _________ has helped the Chinese language and culture survive.
that/which
Review
The United Nations(UN) is an organization _________ aim is to promote international cooperation.
whose
Grammar
Attributive clauses
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
1．when引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等)，
且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。
Winter is the time of year when (＝in which) the day is short while
the night is long.
冬天是一年中昼短夜长的时候。
She is looking forward to the day when(＝on which) her daughter
wins a gold medal at the Olympics.
她盼望有一天她的女儿能在奥运会上赢得金牌。
【名师点津】
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
Do you still remember the days (that/which) we spent together on the farm？
你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)
Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
[即学即练] 语法填空
(1)We have entered into an age ________dreams have
the best chance of coming true.
(2) The exact year ____________Angela and her family
spent together in China was 2008.
when
which/that
2．where引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或表示抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.
我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong.
他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。
This is the hotel where(＝in which) they stayed.
这就是他们待过的那个旅馆。
[即学即练]
单句语法填空
(1)They also had a small pond ______ they raised fish.
where
关系副词
when：(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。
where: (1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或表示抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。
why: (1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
(2) why可以用for which来代替。
Summary
“介词＋关系代词”
1．关系代词的选择
在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
2．介词的选择
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。
关系副词/“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Exercise
You have to believe in yourself . That's the secret of success.
——Charles Chaplin
人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。
——查理·卓别林
