课件15张PPT。第40讲 书面表达书面表达题主要考查学生在特定的语境中综合运用语言进行表达的能力；同时，还考查学生英文书写的规范性、美观性等。
一、常见的书面表达题型
1．根据文体归类：日记、书信、通知、便条、启事、贺卡、发言稿、调查报告、记叙文、说明文及议论文等。然而许多试题都将记叙、议论、说明等表达方式融为一体，形成复合型的写作。
2．根据所提供的材料形式归类：图画作文、图表作文、提纲作文及命题作文等。这样的测试形式既有一定的控制性，又有一定的开放性，为考生展示其写作能力提供了发挥的空间。二、如何写出优美的文章
1．选准词语。
①语言是交流的工具。要使用通用的、合乎习惯的词语，切忌使用生僻的词汇。
②选词要达意，英语中有许多同义但用法不同的词汇或短语，切忌混淆用法。
③用词要简明扼要，在不确定的情况下，宁可用常用词简单明了地表达信息。
2．写好句子。
①运用所学词汇、短语，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语写出相应句子。
②运用固定句式表达信息，把比较复杂的句子分成两个或两个以上的简单句子，减少写错句的几率。③把两个简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来，这样可提高文章的可读性，但在没有把握的情况下慎用。
④遇见生词或不熟悉的表达时，可以在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。
3．设计段落。
一个完整的段落要有主题句、拓展句及结尾句。正确运用连接词使语言衔接自然、行文流畅。
4．书写规范、卷面整洁。三、如何提升写作
1．熟悉五种基本句式及一些使用频率较高的句式。
2．收集优秀范文并大声朗读来扩展思路及培养语感。
3．坚持常规练习。即：词——词组——句子——段落——篇章。切记：简单句是主菜，要做到运用自如；复杂句是佐料，有之增色，缺之乏味，但不可舍本逐末，以免弄巧成拙。
4．仔细审题，要点齐全，人称及时态运用正确。【例1】 假设你和朋友将在今年暑假参加以“拥抱大自然”为主题的户外拓展夏令营，其中包括小组自由活动。请你为你们小组设计一个活动方案。
提示词语：climb mountains；go fishing；pick fruits；have a campfire (篝火晚会)
要求：1.写明你们组计划要做的具体活动，并给出理由；
2．提示词语仅供参考，可增减内容；
3．词数80～100。开头已给出，不计入总词数；
4．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名与地名。
We are going for a camp this summer.I'm glad to make a plan for our group.________________________________________________________________________解析：第一步：认真仔细地阅读提示，思考所提供的信息，计划文章大致内容。第二步：根据信息要求遣词造句，连句成文。第三步：通读全文，纠正错误，书写整洁。
写作要点：1.具体的活动要丰富多彩。2.写出安排这些活动的理由。
注意：此文是计划打算，应用将来时态。切忌写成流水账。【参考范文】
We_are_going_for_a_camp_this_summer.I'm_glad_to_make_a_plan_for_our_group.
First of all，we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.After that，we'll have a fruit-picking competition between boys and girls，which will help us know each other better.What's more，there will be a campfire.We can enjoy ourselves by singing，dancing and telling stories.Won't it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends?
We are looking forward to the summer camp because we can forget the busy work at school，and I believe we'll have a wonderful time together.精彩再现：
①文章内容完整，叙述清楚，要点一目了然。
②使用了first of all，after that，what's more表顺序的副词来使文章条理更清晰，更流畅。
③经典句型：?we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.?Won't it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends？?I believe we'll have a wonderful time together.【例2】5月10日是母亲节，在母亲节来临之际，请根据下列要点给你母亲写封信，和她谈谈心里话。
要点：1.母亲辛勤工作，让我受到更好的教育，过上好的生活。
2．母亲对我学习严格要求，但在我考试失利时，又经常鼓励我不要放弃。
3．表达对母亲的感谢和祝福。
提示词：admire(崇拜)，express(表达)，receive (收到)，be strict with(要求严格), encouragement(鼓励)
要求：1.短文内容应包括所含提示要点，不要逐字逐句翻译，可适当发挥，语言流畅。
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和校名；
3．词数：80词左右(不含已给出的句子的词数)。Dear mother，
Mother's Day is coming.I want to say thank you on this special day.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Zhang Jun【审题指导】
仔细阅读所给的文字提示，我们归纳为这几点：
1．要求给母亲写封信，因此这是一篇应用文。在母亲节的时候给母亲写信，要突出感恩。
2．书信写作时要用第一人称。
3．用一般现在时抒发情感和叙述母亲的点点滴滴，用一般将来时表示祝福和决心。
第一段：在母亲节来临之际，向母亲表达你的感谢之情。
第二段：①母亲的辛勤劳动，让我们过上快乐的生活，lead a happy life，我受到了更好的教育receive/get better education.；②母亲对我严格be strict with sb.；③鼓励我不放弃encourage sb. to do sth. give up
第三段：祝福以及自己的决心。wish sb. to do sth./wish that＋句子，try one's best to do sth.【参考范文】
Dear_mother，
Mother's_Day_is_coming.I_want_to_say_thank_you_on_this_special_day. You are the woman that I admire most in this world but I don't know how to express my thanks most of the time.
I want to thank you for working so hard.Because of your great effort，our family lead a happy life and I receive better education.I understand that you are strict with me in my study because you want me to be better than before.I appreciate your kind encouragement when I failed in my exams.
I wish you could always be healthy and happy.I will try my best to be a man that you have always wished.
Yours，
Zhang_Jun(2015，陕西) 请根据提示内容，以“A visit to ________ home”为题，为学校英文报写一篇短文，叙述你“走亲戚或访友”的一次经历。要求：1.请将短文题目补充完整；
2．参考提示内容，可适当发挥；
3．语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
4．文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)；
5．词数：不少于70词。A visit to ______________ home
Last Sunday afternoon，I went to my friend's home.It was not far.So I went there by bike.In her home，we watched an English movie and listened to music.We also made some toys with old clothes.It was not easy，but we tried.We cut the clothes into pieces.Then we put the pieces and other things together.At last，these pieces were made into different toys.How lovely they were！We had much fun when we did it.We were very proud.What a pleasant visit!my friend's考点跟踪突破40 书面表达
A(2015，内江)
假设你校英语报English Star为初三学生开设了—个专栏：谈谈你的—个坏习惯。请根据以下提示，用英语写—篇短文，向报社投稿。
(1)你的坏习惯是什么？
(2)产生该坏习惯的原因是什么？
(3)该习惯产生的不良后果是什么？(写两点)
(4)你打算如何改掉这个坏习惯？
要求：
(1)所写内容必须包括以上要点；
(2)文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
(3)内容连贯，并进行合理拓展；
(4)100词左右；
(5)题目已写好，不计入总词数。
My bad habit
My bad habit is that I spend too much time playing too many computer games.In the past，I thought it was fun and could make me relaxed.
But now I realize I'm wrong.On the one hand，this bad habit has made me always forget to do homework and my study has fallen behind.On the other hand，playing computer games is bad for my eyes and I have to wear glasses.So I have made up my mind to give up playing them.I will spend more time studying and doing more sports instead.
B(2015，衡阳)
你喜欢阅读吗？阅读能使人明智，使人充实。请你以“Reading Is Very Important”为题，写一篇有关阅读的短文。
要求：1.阅读的益处；
2．你的阅读习惯(喜欢的书籍、阅读的时间、地点、购书方式等)；
3．你的阅读体会；
4．你的阅读计划；
5．号召大家多阅读。
提示：1.短文中不得出现真实的人名和地名；
2．短文中应包含至少3个要点；
3．书写工整、语句通顺、连贯，词数不少于80。
注意：文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Reading Is Very Important
Reading can not only open up our eyes but also improve our knowledge.
I like reading a lot.In my spare time，I often read newspapers and magazines，from which I can get lots of fun and learn about what's going on around the world.I also read my favorite books such as story books，novels and so on，which make me relaxed and happy.On weekends I usually spend a whole afternoon reading in the library.And I often read for about half an hour before going to bed.Now I usually buy my favorite books online.
Summer vacation is coming.I plan to read more English books to improve my English abilities.
I often share my favorite books with my friends and classmates.It's time for us to form a good reading habit because it's important and necessary for us.Let's do more reading together.
C(2015，黄石)
假如你是校报编辑，学校决定在校报上宣传一批优秀学生。请你用英文向全校同学介绍优秀学生之一王磊，内容如下：
1．王磊，男，九年级一班学生；
2．王磊的外貌、兴趣爱好和特长；
3．王磊的英语成绩优异，介绍他学习英语的2～3种方法；
4．王磊乐于助人，在学习上帮助同学。
要求：1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2．必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；
3．词数80左右；
4．不得使用真实姓名和校名等。
Wang_Lei_is_one_of_the_best_students_in_our_school.He_is_a_good_boy_in_Class_One，Grade_Nine.He_is_handsome_and_tall.He_is_interested_in_playing_sports_and_reading_books.He_enjoys_playing_basketball_with_his_friends_after_school.He_likes_English_best_and_he_is_good_at_it.Because_he_often_speaks_English_as_much_as_possible_and_he_keeps_English_diaries.He_also_likes_singing_so_many_English_songs.Wang_Lei_is_always_ready_to_help_others_with_study.We_should_learn_from_him.
D(2015，青海)
假如你是某英语杂志社编辑王林，根据下面中学生小明的来信，给他写一封回信，解答他的困惑。
要求：1.观点鲜明，结构合理，内容连贯；
2．词数80左右，信的开头和落款已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
Nowadays，many junior high school students are completely getting relaxed from busy study after graduation，so what they would like to do most is to throw books away，hang out with friends at daytime and stay up late at night playing computer games or watching TV.What's your opinion about this？I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Xiaoming
Dear Xiaoming，
In my opinion，graduation from junior high school is a turning point of life.As for teenagers，the most important thing is to have a strong body，so we should fall into a good habit of study and rest according to the timetable.Besides，learning is a life-long journey，therefore，we should make a good preparation for high school courses and never stop learning.It will be better if we take part in some social activities to enrich our experience.Later in our life，we will face many challenges including failure and success.No matter what we may meet with，my advice is，“Keep moving！Don't stop！”
Yours，
Wang Lin
E(2014，苏州)
假设你校为了配合创建“文化校园高效课堂”活动，最近以“学生做作业时是否应该在网上找答案？”为题做了一个调查。调查发现一些学生赞成，但许多学生反对这种做法。请你根据调查情况和下列表格中的要点提示，以“Think Before You Search Online”为题用英语写一篇短文。
赞成者
反对者
你自己
观点
1.不会做题
2.学习别人
3.节省时间
1.不利能力提升
2.不利思维发展
考生自拟
(至少2点)
注意：
1．词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；
3．短文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
Think Before You Search Online
Some students now have a new use for the Internet—helping them with their homework.But different people have different ideas about it.
Some students agree with it.They sometimes don't know the answers to the problems，so they have to turn to the Internet.They think they can learn from other people.At the same time，it's easy and it saves time.
However，not all the students welcome this.Many students think simply copying the answers won't improve their abilities and it may make students stop thinking.
I think students should first think over the problems by themselves.If we use the Internet properly，it could be a good way to study.
F(2015，烟台)
随着互联网的发展，智能手机(smart-phone)已被广泛使用。我们身边的“低头族(phubber)”随处可见。请根据图中所示，结合表格所提供的信息，以“Refuse to be phubbers”为题写一篇120词左右的短文。
要求：1.短文须包含所有信息，语句通顺、意思连贯，可适当发挥；
2．题目与开头已给出，不计入总词数。
现象
弊端
影响与家人、朋友的关系(relationship)；容易引发交通事故；对身心健康有害，不利于学习和工作。
观点
正确利用手机；面对面交流胜过网上聊天……
参考词汇：1.have effects on 2.concentrate on 3.face-to-face conversation 4.make good use of
Refuse to be phubbers
With the development of the Internet，smart-phones are widely used among people.Phubbers can be seen here and there.
While eating with family members or getting together with friends，some are always busy playing with their mobile phones.It has bad effects on the relationship with their relatives and friends.Even worse，when some people cross the street，they still concentrate on their mobile phones，which can easily cause traffic accidents.It's too dangerous.And others stay up playing games.I think it really does great harm to their health，study and work.
In my opinion，we'd better make good use of smartphones.Don't depend on them too much.And I do believe that face-to-face conversations will bring us more pleasure than chatting online.Let's raise our heads and refuse to be phubbers from now on!
G(2015，梅州)
养成良好的生活习惯和学习习惯，对于我们每一位学生成长很有帮助。请根据提示要点用英语写一篇90词左右的短文，发表在学校网站上。
提示要点：
1．良好的生活和学习习惯包括：
生活方面：①健康饮食 ②经常锻炼 ③利用好时间
学习方面：①课前预习 ②认真听讲 ③独立作业
2．良好习惯带来的益处包括：
①帮助我们更好地学习知识；
②使我们提高技能，学会自我控制。
3．谈谈你的感受
作文要求：
1．表达中必须包含所给提示要点，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译。
2．词数90左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
3．表达中请勿提及真实校名及姓名。
A Good Habit，a Successful School Life
A habit is something that you do often or regularly almost without thinking，especially something that is hard to stop doing.
In our daily life，we ought to keep a healthy diet.Also，it's necessary for us to exercise a lot.And we should learn to make good use of our time.
In our school life，we should prepare well for each lesson.In class，we must listen to the teacher carefully.Besides，it's important for us to do our homework on our own.
In a word，good habits can help us learn things better and improve our skills.We can learn to control ourselves if we have good habits.
I think good habits are really good for our mind and body.
H(2015，黄冈)
用微笑播撒阳光，用行动践行梦想，用一种无形的精神力量感染着身边的每一个人，为同学们树立了一个个积极向上的榜样——这就是“阳光少年”。
某中学自开展“向阳光少年学习”的活动以来，我们的身边涌现了许许多多的“阳光少年”，请你以“A Sunshine Teenager”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍一位你身边的“阳光少年”(假如这位阳光少年名叫Xiao Hui)。
要点提示：1.诚实善良、团结友爱、乐于助人；
2．热情、活泼、开朗、乐观向上；
3．热爱劳动、不怕困难、心怀感恩，积极为父母、师长分忧；
4．勤奋好学，积极参加各种文体活动。
参考词汇：friendly；be ready；warm-hearted；outgoing；active；housework；be afraid；share；take an active part in
写作要求：1.词数不少于90(开头已给出，不计入总数)；
2．内容完整，语言流畅，不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3．短文中不得出现真实的姓名及校名。
A Sunshine Teenager
Hello！My name is Xiao Ming.I'm studying in No.1 Middle School.Our school had an activity “Learn from Sunshine Teenagers”．From then on，there are many sunshine teenagers around us.
Xiao Hui is one of them.He is honest and kind.He gets on well with others.He is always ready to not only help others but also go to the old people's home to do something for the olds.He reads newspapers for them，cleans their rooms and washes their clothes.Also he is warm-hearted，active and outgoing.He always shares all kinds of his parents' housework，like doing the dishes，sweeping the floor and making dinner.He is never afraid of different difficulties.He works very hard and he likes reading.And he takes an active part in all kinds of sports.After school，he plays football with his teammates.And he joins the school clubs，like music，art and chess.He learns a lot from his all activities.
Xiao Hui is a good sunshine teenager.I should learn from him.
I(2015，天津)
假如你即将在学校英语兴趣小组的活动中发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿。要点提示如下：
1．几个月前，奶奶晚饭后去跳广场舞。
2．从那时起，奶奶喜欢上了广场舞。
3．现在，奶奶比以前健康了，有了很多朋友。
4．有些邻居有意见，认为音乐很吵，无法入睡。
5．你认为人们可以跳广场舞，但……
参考词汇：跳广场舞 do square dancing (对某人)有意见 have a complaint (against sb.)
要求：1.词数：80～100个。
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
3．要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
Boys and girls，
I'm very happy to speak here and I'd like to talk about my grandma.
A few months ago，my grandma went to do square dancing after supper.Since then，she has been in love with square dancing.Now，she is much healthier than before.What's more，she has a lot of friends.However，some neighbors have a complaint against the people who do square dancing.They think that the music is so loud that they can't fall asleep at night.
In my opinion，people can do square dancing because it is a good way to keep healthy.But they should think about the feelings of others and they shouldn't make a lot of noise.
That's all.Thank you!
J(2015，淮安)
在生活中，人们常会有一些快乐需要分享，烦恼需要倾诉，这时就需要一个好的倾听者。请以Be a good listener为题写一篇短文，内容必须包括以下要点：
1．一次倾听的经历(时间、人物、经过)；
2．你对倾听的认识(至少两点)。
注意：1.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名；
2．词数在80～100之间，已给出的文字不计入总词数。
Be a good listener
I strongly believe it is important to be a good listener.
I used to feel stressed before the exam.However，I kept it to myself.As a result，I felt worried and couldn't pay attention to what the teacher said in class.One day，after I bravely told it to my close friend，I felt that relaxed.
Being a good listener plays an important role in communication.Parents should listen to their children，so they will understand them better and trust each other.Teachers should also listen to their students so that they can increase their understanding and improve relationships.Students should listen to their classmates，then their friendship will be increased and they will help each other.
In a word，good listening can really make us get closer to each other.
K(2015，资阳)
某中学生英文报正开辟专栏讨论中学生如何减压。假设你叫李华，请从以下几个方面，用英语写出你的具体做法，向该栏目投稿。
1．与他人交流；
2．参加体育运动；
3．参加娱乐活动；
4．其他减压方式。
参考词汇：stressed adj. 有压力的
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．文中不得出现真实人名及学校名；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor，
There are many ways for us high school students to relax ourselves.As for me，when I feel stressed，I usually communicate with my friends，parents or teachers.Sometimes I will do sports with our classmates，such as riding bikes，going swimming and so on.I go to the movies or listen to light music in my spare time，too.What's more，going on a trip in holiday is another way to make me relaxed.I believe，if we are more relaxed，we'll live more happily，be healthier and learn better.
Yours，
Li Hua
