Unit 4 Do it yourself 单词+语法精讲 （无答案）2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册
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Unit 4 Do it yourself单词+语法精讲
一、单词讲解
1. instruction n.指示 [ n'str k n]
follow the instruction 遵循指示
2. had better （='d better）最好
had better do sth 最好做某事
had better not do sth最好不要做某事
3. tool n.工具 [tu l]
4. brush n.刷子；画笔 [br ]
复数形式
vt. 刷 brush teeth刷牙
5. glue n.胶水 [ɡlu ]
不可数
6. rope n.绳索 [r p]
7. scissors n.[复]剪刀 ['s z z]
8. tape n.磁带；胶带 [te p]
9. DIY n.自己动手做
10. exactly adv.确切地，精确地 [ g'z ktli]
exact adj.确切的
11. stand for 代表；象征=
不用于进行时；不用于被动语态
12. repair vt.修补 [r 'pe ]
13. decorate vt.装饰 ['dek re t]
n. 装饰，装修
14. instead of 而不是，代替 [ n'sted v]
instead adv.反而，却，代替 [ n'sted]
instead of 介词短语 “而不是；代替” +名词/代词/v-ing
instead adv. “代替；而不是” 在句中作状语，常用于句末；
位于句首时，通常后面用逗号与后面隔开，起链接上下句的作用。
15. rose n.玫瑰（花） [r z]
16. crazy adj.着迷的,狂热的,发疯的 [ kre zi]
be crazy about 对…着迷
17. terrible adj.可怕的 ['ter bl]
terribly adv.糟糕地，可怕地
18. once adv.曾经，一度 [w ns]
①adv. “曾经，一度” 表示过去某个时间或过去某段时间。当表示过去某段经历或经验时，它也放在句首作状语。
He once tired to put in a bright light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake.
②adv. “一次”，表示频率
19. put in安装，使...在内，放进
名随代中
put up 挂起；张贴；举起；搭起 put on穿上 put away放好 put off推迟 put out熄灭
20. mistake n.错误，失误 [m 'ste k]
make a mistake 犯错误 [ me k m s 'te k]
21. power cut n.供电中断，停电
22. pipe n.管子，水管 [pa p]
23. fill vt.使充满 [f l]
fill ... with ... 用……填充……
be filled with=be full of
24. not only ... but (also) 不仅…而且…,…和…都
着重强调后者，遵循就近原则
Either...or.....要么...要么...
Neither...nor.....既不...也不...
25. ceiling n.天花板 [ si l ]
26. shelf (pl. shelves) 架子，搁板 [ elf]
复数形式
27. advise vt.&vi.建议，忠告，劝告 [ d va z]
advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事
advice n.建议（不可数） a piece of advice一条建议
28. course n.课程；过程 [k s]
attend course上课
29. already adv.已经 [ l'redi]
通常用在肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑问句中，在否定句或疑问句中用yet.
30. attend vt.&vi.经常去；出席 [ tend]
attend class/lesson/meeting/concert
31. cut vt.剪下，切下，割下 [k t]
cut--cut--cut
cut--cutting
32. sentence n.句子 [ sent( )ns]
make sentences造句
33. grape n.葡萄 [gre p]
34. strawberry n.草莓 [ str b ri]
复数形式
35. spoon n.匙，调羹 [spu n]
36. salad n.沙拉；色拉 [ s l d]
不可数
37. cream n.奶油；乳脂；霜 [kri m]
不可数
38. mix vt.&vi.混合 [m ks]
adj. 混合的
mix with...与..混合起来
mix up弄错，弄混
39. add vt.&vi.增加，补充 [ d]
add...to... 把...加到...中去；往...中加...
40. tip n.指示，指点 [t p]
41. example n.例子；榜样 [ g'zɑ mpl]
for example 例如 [f // g'zɑ mpl]
for example+一个例子；such as+多个例子
42. leave v.离开 vt.使处于某种状态 [li v]
leave +宾语+宾语补足语（adj./adv./prep）
leave sth+介词短语 “把某物落在...”
43. sauce n.调味汁，酱 [s s]
不可数
44. ham n.火腿 [h m]
45. correct adj.正确的 [k 'rekt]
vt. 纠正
反义词：incorrect
correctly adv.
46. finished adj.完成
47. certain adj.确定的 [ s t( )n]
be certain to do/that从句
certainly adv.当然，确定 = of course
uncertain adj.不确定的
48. active adj.积极的,活跃的,主动的 [' kt v]
actively adv.
inactive adj.不活跃的，不积极的
49. possible adj.可能的 [ p s bl]
impossible adj.不可能的
possibly adv.
possibility n.可能性
50. tidy vi.&vt.收拾,整理v.使整洁 ['ta di]
反义词：dirty/untidy
tidy up 收拾妥，整理好
51. secret adj.秘密的 ['si kr t]
keep a secret 保密
52. wrong adv.错误地，不对 [r ]
go wrong 弄错;犯错;（机器）出故障 [ g r ]
what’s wrong with...
There’s something wrong with..= Something is wrong with...
53. spell vt.&vi.拼写 [spel]
spell- spelt - spelt
54. cut out 剪出
cut through开辟 cut in插入 cut up切碎
cut down 削减 cut out删除 cut off切断
55. balloon n.气球 [b lu n]
56. stick vt.&vi.粘住，钉住 [st k]
stick ... to... 把...粘在...
57. cover n.封面；盖子，罩 ['k v ]
the cover of... ...的盖子
v.覆盖、盖住
be covered with...被...覆盖
cover...with.... 用...覆盖...
plete vt.完成 [k m pli t]
complete doing sth完成做某事
adj.完全的，彻底的
completely adv.完全地，彻底地
59. paint n.颜料 [pe nt]
不可数
v.用颜料画；在...上刷油漆
paint sth +颜色 把某物涂成..颜色
paint on sth 涂/刷...
60. furniture n.家具 [ f n t ]
不可数
a piece of furniture一件家具
二、语法讲解
1. 祈使句
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议或叮嘱的句子。
Be quiet，please!
Don’t be late again!
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。
祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，祈使句的末尾用句号或感叹号。
Be careful，or you’ll make mistakes．
Put on your coat，my dear son!
祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加don’t，构成“Don’t+动词原形+其他”结构。
Don’t be late for the meeting!
Don’t open the window．It’s too cold outside．
为了显得更为客气和礼貌，常在祈使句中加please。当please放在句末时，须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Please pass me the ball．
Open the window，please．
基本结构：
肯定句式主要有三种形式：
①Do型 (行为动词原形+其他)
Sit down!
②Be型 (Be+表语，如名词、形容词)
Be quiet!
③Let型 (Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分)
Let me help you.
【课本预习】
【举一反三】
1．Obey the traffic rules, ______ you’ll be punished.
A．but B．while C．till D．or
2．—Don’t forget to wear school uniforms on Monday morning. — ______
A．OK, I will. B．No, I will. C．OK, I won’t. D．Yes, I won’t.
3．It’s time for supper. Let’s ______ it.
A．stop having B．stop to have
C．to stop to have D．to stop having
4．______ away from the lake, boys. It is deep.
A．Stays B．Stay C．Staying D．To stay
5．______ play with fire. ______ with fire is dangerous.
A．Don’t; Playing B．Not; Playing C．Don’t; Play D．Not to; To play
6．______ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep.
A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Aren’t D．Can’t
7．—His friend wants to go swimming ______ it’s very hot. —It’s OK. But ______ allow him to do that alone!
A．so; not B．so; don’t C．because; not D．because; don’t
8．—To prepare for the school trip tomorrow, what should I do, mum
—______ an umbrella with you and it will be useful when it rains.
A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Took
9．______ late again, Bill! Or you will miss the wonderful fan meeting.
A．Don't to be B．Don't be C．Not be D．Be not
10．Why not fill our life with ______ Be happy and ______ every day!
A．happy; smile B．cheer; smiling C．cheerful; smiling D．joy; smile
11．______ on the icon, and you ______ visit Asia and Africa in only two hours!
A．Click; will B．To click; can C．Clicking; / D．To click; /
12．Smile at the world, ______ the world will smile back at you.
A．but B．and C．as D．or
13．—Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room. —______.
A．No, I won’t B．No, I will C．Yes, I won’t D．Yes, I will
14．“Put on your coat, ______ you will catch a cold!” This is what my mother often says to me.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
15．—Mike, ______ off the lights when you leave the classroom. —OK, Mr. White.
A．turn B．turns C．to turn D．turning
16．—Remember ______ the classroom after school. —OK. I ______.
A．cleaning; do B．to clean; do C．cleaning; will D．to clean; will
17．—I'm leaving now. —______ you turn off the lights and the computer.
A．Make sure B．To make sure C．Find out D．To find out
2.用should和had better提建议
should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。
1．should表“建议”
(1)should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。
You should do your homework more carefully．
He should be back in three days．
(2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldn’t；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“should／shouldn’t+主语”。
You shouldn’t come here alone again．
--Should we discuss it at once --Yes，you should．
You shouldn’t make noise in class，should you
2．had better表“建议”
(1)had better可缩写为’d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。
You’d better clean your room every day．
(2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“had／hadn’t+主语”。
We’d better riot stay at home．
You’d better come to see me，hadn’t you
【课本预习】
三、习题巩固
1.______________ (not let) the boy watch TV again .
2.____________(give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like .
3.________________(be) careful! A car is coming .
4.My mother advised me ______________(learn) how to cook .
5.The boy read out his text ______________(clear).
6.Not only you but also she _____________(have) been to Shanghai .
7.He has two ______________(shelf) in his study .
8.It’s raining hard. You had better ______________(stay) inside .
9. Can you understand the meaning of the picture _______________(exact)？
10. I enjoy __________________(read) some English stories .
11． —Please don’t give up reading English. —________. I’m sure I’ll be better at English if I keep on reading it.
A．OK, I don’t B．OK, I won’t C．Yes, I will D．Yes, I do
12． —Bob, ________ use the earphones too much, it’s bad for your ears. —OK, thanks.
A．doesn’t B．won’t C．can’t D．don’t
13． _______late for work next time, will you
A．Never be B．Won’t be C．Don’t D．Not
14． You’d better _________ your work without reading the instructions.
A．not to begin B．not begin C．don’t begin D．to not begin
15． ________ all the changes in life, and you will enjoy life more. This is what Andy wants to tell us.
A．Welcoming B．To welcome C．Welcomes D．Welcome
16． —Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the nearest library —Just ________ going straight on and you will see it.
A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept
17． —Mom, the apple is ready now. What should I do next —________ the apple into small pieces.
A．To cut B．Cutting C．Cut D．To cutting
18． —I can’t do the job. It’s too hard for me. —Never ________ impossible before you try.
A．saying B．to say C．says D．say
19． —I’m worried about my English. —________harder, ________you will catch up with your classmates.
A．Working; and B．To work; or C．Work; and D．Work; or
20． —I went swimming alone in the river yesterday afternoon.
—Really But ________ swimming alone next time! It’s dangerous.
A．don’t go B．not go C．not to go D．never to go
一、单词讲解
1. instruction n.指示 [ n'str k n]
follow the instruction 遵循指示
2. had better （='d better）最好
had better do sth 最好做某事
had better not do sth最好不要做某事
3. tool n.工具 [tu l]
4. brush n.刷子；画笔 [br ]
复数形式
vt. 刷 brush teeth刷牙
5. glue n.胶水 [ɡlu ]
不可数
6. rope n.绳索 [r p]
7. scissors n.[复]剪刀 ['s z z]
8. tape n.磁带；胶带 [te p]
9. DIY n.自己动手做
10. exactly adv.确切地，精确地 [ g'z ktli]
exact adj.确切的
11. stand for 代表；象征=
不用于进行时；不用于被动语态
12. repair vt.修补 [r 'pe ]
13. decorate vt.装饰 ['dek re t]
n. 装饰，装修
14. instead of 而不是，代替 [ n'sted v]
instead adv.反而，却，代替 [ n'sted]
instead of 介词短语 “而不是；代替” +名词/代词/v-ing
instead adv. “代替；而不是” 在句中作状语，常用于句末；
位于句首时，通常后面用逗号与后面隔开，起链接上下句的作用。
15. rose n.玫瑰（花） [r z]
16. crazy adj.着迷的,狂热的,发疯的 [ kre zi]
be crazy about 对…着迷
17. terrible adj.可怕的 ['ter bl]
terribly adv.糟糕地，可怕地
18. once adv.曾经，一度 [w ns]
①adv. “曾经，一度” 表示过去某个时间或过去某段时间。当表示过去某段经历或经验时，它也放在句首作状语。
He once tired to put in a bright light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake.
②adv. “一次”，表示频率
19. put in安装，使...在内，放进
名随代中
put up 挂起；张贴；举起；搭起 put on穿上 put away放好 put off推迟 put out熄灭
20. mistake n.错误，失误 [m 'ste k]
make a mistake 犯错误 [ me k m s 'te k]
21. power cut n.供电中断，停电
22. pipe n.管子，水管 [pa p]
23. fill vt.使充满 [f l]
fill ... with ... 用……填充……
be filled with=be full of
24. not only ... but (also) 不仅…而且…,…和…都
着重强调后者，遵循就近原则
Either...or.....要么...要么...
Neither...nor.....既不...也不...
25. ceiling n.天花板 [ si l ]
26. shelf (pl. shelves) 架子，搁板 [ elf]
复数形式
27. advise vt.&vi.建议，忠告，劝告 [ d va z]
advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事
advice n.建议（不可数） a piece of advice一条建议
28. course n.课程；过程 [k s]
attend course上课
29. already adv.已经 [ l'redi]
通常用在肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑问句中，在否定句或疑问句中用yet.
30. attend vt.&vi.经常去；出席 [ tend]
attend class/lesson/meeting/concert
31. cut vt.剪下，切下，割下 [k t]
cut--cut--cut
cut--cutting
32. sentence n.句子 [ sent( )ns]
make sentences造句
33. grape n.葡萄 [gre p]
34. strawberry n.草莓 [ str b ri]
复数形式
35. spoon n.匙，调羹 [spu n]
36. salad n.沙拉；色拉 [ s l d]
不可数
37. cream n.奶油；乳脂；霜 [kri m]
不可数
38. mix vt.&vi.混合 [m ks]
adj. 混合的
mix with...与..混合起来
mix up弄错，弄混
39. add vt.&vi.增加，补充 [ d]
add...to... 把...加到...中去；往...中加...
40. tip n.指示，指点 [t p]
41. example n.例子；榜样 [ g'zɑ mpl]
for example 例如 [f // g'zɑ mpl]
for example+一个例子；such as+多个例子
42. leave v.离开 vt.使处于某种状态 [li v]
leave +宾语+宾语补足语（adj./adv./prep）
leave sth+介词短语 “把某物落在...”
43. sauce n.调味汁，酱 [s s]
不可数
44. ham n.火腿 [h m]
45. correct adj.正确的 [k 'rekt]
vt. 纠正
反义词：incorrect
correctly adv.
46. finished adj.完成
47. certain adj.确定的 [ s t( )n]
be certain to do/that从句
certainly adv.当然，确定 = of course
uncertain adj.不确定的
48. active adj.积极的,活跃的,主动的 [' kt v]
actively adv.
inactive adj.不活跃的，不积极的
49. possible adj.可能的 [ p s bl]
impossible adj.不可能的
possibly adv.
possibility n.可能性
50. tidy vi.&vt.收拾,整理v.使整洁 ['ta di]
反义词：dirty/untidy
tidy up 收拾妥，整理好
51. secret adj.秘密的 ['si kr t]
keep a secret 保密
52. wrong adv.错误地，不对 [r ]
go wrong 弄错;犯错;（机器）出故障 [ g r ]
what’s wrong with...
There’s something wrong with..= Something is wrong with...
53. spell vt.&vi.拼写 [spel]
spell- spelt - spelt
54. cut out 剪出
cut through开辟 cut in插入 cut up切碎
cut down 削减 cut out删除 cut off切断
55. balloon n.气球 [b lu n]
56. stick vt.&vi.粘住，钉住 [st k]
stick ... to... 把...粘在...
57. cover n.封面；盖子，罩 ['k v ]
the cover of... ...的盖子
v.覆盖、盖住
be covered with...被...覆盖
cover...with.... 用...覆盖...
plete vt.完成 [k m pli t]
complete doing sth完成做某事
adj.完全的，彻底的
completely adv.完全地，彻底地
59. paint n.颜料 [pe nt]
不可数
v.用颜料画；在...上刷油漆
paint sth +颜色 把某物涂成..颜色
paint on sth 涂/刷...
60. furniture n.家具 [ f n t ]
不可数
a piece of furniture一件家具
二、语法讲解
1. 祈使句
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议或叮嘱的句子。
Be quiet，please!
Don’t be late again!
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。
祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，祈使句的末尾用句号或感叹号。
Be careful，or you’ll make mistakes．
Put on your coat，my dear son!
祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加don’t，构成“Don’t+动词原形+其他”结构。
Don’t be late for the meeting!
Don’t open the window．It’s too cold outside．
为了显得更为客气和礼貌，常在祈使句中加please。当please放在句末时，须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Please pass me the ball．
Open the window，please．
基本结构：
肯定句式主要有三种形式：
①Do型 (行为动词原形+其他)
Sit down!
②Be型 (Be+表语，如名词、形容词)
Be quiet!
③Let型 (Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分)
Let me help you.
【课本预习】
【举一反三】
1．Obey the traffic rules, ______ you’ll be punished.
A．but B．while C．till D．or
2．—Don’t forget to wear school uniforms on Monday morning. — ______
A．OK, I will. B．No, I will. C．OK, I won’t. D．Yes, I won’t.
3．It’s time for supper. Let’s ______ it.
A．stop having B．stop to have
C．to stop to have D．to stop having
4．______ away from the lake, boys. It is deep.
A．Stays B．Stay C．Staying D．To stay
5．______ play with fire. ______ with fire is dangerous.
A．Don’t; Playing B．Not; Playing C．Don’t; Play D．Not to; To play
6．______ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep.
A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Aren’t D．Can’t
7．—His friend wants to go swimming ______ it’s very hot. —It’s OK. But ______ allow him to do that alone!
A．so; not B．so; don’t C．because; not D．because; don’t
8．—To prepare for the school trip tomorrow, what should I do, mum
—______ an umbrella with you and it will be useful when it rains.
A．Taking B．To take C．Take D．Took
9．______ late again, Bill! Or you will miss the wonderful fan meeting.
A．Don't to be B．Don't be C．Not be D．Be not
10．Why not fill our life with ______ Be happy and ______ every day!
A．happy; smile B．cheer; smiling C．cheerful; smiling D．joy; smile
11．______ on the icon, and you ______ visit Asia and Africa in only two hours!
A．Click; will B．To click; can C．Clicking; / D．To click; /
12．Smile at the world, ______ the world will smile back at you.
A．but B．and C．as D．or
13．—Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave the room. —______.
A．No, I won’t B．No, I will C．Yes, I won’t D．Yes, I will
14．“Put on your coat, ______ you will catch a cold!” This is what my mother often says to me.
A．and B．but C．or D．so
15．—Mike, ______ off the lights when you leave the classroom. —OK, Mr. White.
A．turn B．turns C．to turn D．turning
16．—Remember ______ the classroom after school. —OK. I ______.
A．cleaning; do B．to clean; do C．cleaning; will D．to clean; will
17．—I'm leaving now. —______ you turn off the lights and the computer.
A．Make sure B．To make sure C．Find out D．To find out
2.用should和had better提建议
should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。
1．should表“建议”
(1)should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。
You should do your homework more carefully．
He should be back in three days．
(2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldn’t；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“should／shouldn’t+主语”。
You shouldn’t come here alone again．
--Should we discuss it at once --Yes，you should．
You shouldn’t make noise in class，should you
2．had better表“建议”
(1)had better可缩写为’d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。
You’d better clean your room every day．
(2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“had／hadn’t+主语”。
We’d better riot stay at home．
You’d better come to see me，hadn’t you
【课本预习】
三、习题巩固
1.______________ (not let) the boy watch TV again .
2.____________(give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like .
3.________________(be) careful! A car is coming .
4.My mother advised me ______________(learn) how to cook .
5.The boy read out his text ______________(clear).
6.Not only you but also she _____________(have) been to Shanghai .
7.He has two ______________(shelf) in his study .
8.It’s raining hard. You had better ______________(stay) inside .
9. Can you understand the meaning of the picture _______________(exact)？
10. I enjoy __________________(read) some English stories .
11． —Please don’t give up reading English. —________. I’m sure I’ll be better at English if I keep on reading it.
A．OK, I don’t B．OK, I won’t C．Yes, I will D．Yes, I do
12． —Bob, ________ use the earphones too much, it’s bad for your ears. —OK, thanks.
A．doesn’t B．won’t C．can’t D．don’t
13． _______late for work next time, will you
A．Never be B．Won’t be C．Don’t D．Not
14． You’d better _________ your work without reading the instructions.
A．not to begin B．not begin C．don’t begin D．to not begin
15． ________ all the changes in life, and you will enjoy life more. This is what Andy wants to tell us.
A．Welcoming B．To welcome C．Welcomes D．Welcome
16． —Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the nearest library —Just ________ going straight on and you will see it.
A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept
17． —Mom, the apple is ready now. What should I do next —________ the apple into small pieces.
A．To cut B．Cutting C．Cut D．To cutting
18． —I can’t do the job. It’s too hard for me. —Never ________ impossible before you try.
A．saying B．to say C．says D．say
19． —I’m worried about my English. —________harder, ________you will catch up with your classmates.
A．Working; and B．To work; or C．Work; and D．Work; or
20． —I went swimming alone in the river yesterday afternoon.
—Really But ________ swimming alone next time! It’s dangerous.
A．don’t go B．not go C．not to go D．never to go