牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 3 Fit for life Reading 语言点课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
U3 fit for life
reading – language points
P30-31
Over the course of my career, I __________(see) many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing ___ genome editing.
在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样改变游戏规则。
Para 1
在...的过程中
彻底改变事态发展的
none/no/nothing ...as/so + 原级+ as，表示最高级含义
Nothing is so neccssary for travellers as langaugaes.
对旅行者来说，没有什么比语言更重要了。
No disease is so common as colds.
在所有疾病中，感冒是最常见的。
have seen
as
否定词（not, never, nothing, no) +形容词或副词比较级（+than），表示最高级含义
The news couldn’t have come at a ________ (good) time.
这消息来得在再及时不过了。
Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ______ (much) popular.
布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他工厂里生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。
She likes nothing better than a nice walk along the beach.
她最喜欢沿着海滩愉快地散步。
Para 1
better
more
I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and hope to share my excitement with you today.
我对这一科学进步所带来的可能性充满了兴奋，我希望今天能与你们分享我的兴奋。
Para 1
(
)
定语从句
As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in __________ (shape) our lives. Everything from the color of our eyes ___ our talent for maths depends ___ genes. The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome.
你们很多人可能已经知道,基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。从眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或生物体内的整套基因被称为基因组。
Para 2
在...中起着关键作用
取决于，依赖
adj. 完整的 v. 完成
n. 细胞
有机体，生物
As（关系代词）引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。
shaping
on
to
Our personal genome carries all the information ________ (need) to make us grow and develop.
It also contains information _____ helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of __________ (contract) certain diseases.
我们的个人基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它(基因组）还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。
过去分词作后置定语 =that is needed
needed
(
)
Para 2
n. 可能性，机会
adj. 某些，某个，特定的
v. 感染
contracting
that
vt. 识别，辨认；发现；确认
(1) identify with sb. /sth.
(2) identification n. 鉴定，识别；认同
(3) n. 身份
Scientists have identified a link between diet and cancer.
科学家发现了饮食与癌症之间的关联。
Geneticists have been trying to identify ______ genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and ____________(prevent). (L14)
遗传学家一直在试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的有效手段。
Para 3
(
)
宾语从句
as引导原因状语从句
有关，涉及
which
prevention
与……共情
identity
He was too far away to be able ___________ faces.
Many readers identify ______ the characters in her novels.
The results were _________ to those of the first test.
The police are trying to discover the ________ of the killer.
You should not identify wealth ______ happiness.
to identify
with
identical
identity
with
Practice makes perfect.
与…一致
认为….等同于
(1)涉及，与……相关
把A和B联系起来
(2) n.关系；联系；亲戚
(3)relative
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. (L14)
他说的话与讨论的问题无关。
His remarks didn't relate to the topic under discussion.
Para 3
A relate to B=A be related to B
relate A to B
relation
n.亲属，亲戚 adj.相对的，相关的
It is difficult to relate his argument 　　　　the facts.
In the future, pay increases will ___________ productivity.
He _______(relate) the facts of the case _____ journalists.
Practice makes perfect.
to
be related to
related
to
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective _______ (mean) of disease treatment and prevention. (L14)
by all means by no means
by means of
v. ____________________ 意思是；意味着；意欲 adj. 吝啬刻薄的
n. ________ 意思；意义 adj. ____________ 意味深长的
n.(单复数同形)手段，方式
He came first in the writing competition by means of hard work.
他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。
It is by no means accidental.
事出有因。
mean(meant,meant)　
meaning　
meaningful　
means
Para 3
尽一切办法，务必
绝不
借助；依靠
It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or _________(replace) specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists help to apply this technology _________(treat) a wide range of health problems.
apply sth. to sth.
apply to sb./sth. for sth.
apply oneself (to sth/to doing sth) 全神贯注于做某事
n.申请；应用 n.申请人
它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、删除或替换遗传物质的特定部分的方式对基因组进行修改。在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。
把...应用于
大范围的，多种多样的
Para 3
to treat
replacing
把……应用到
向……申请……
application
applicant
The advertisement for engineers on the Internet attracted many ___________(apply).
The man’s ___________(apply) for membership of the club was turned down.
Apply the cream evenly ________ your face and neck.
applicants
application
to
Practice makes perfect.
Adv. 均匀地、相等地
Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible __________ (prevent) diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. (L21)
这些新的基因组可能更好地保护基因多样性。
The new genome will make it possible to better protect genetic diversity.
真正宾语
形式宾语
最终这项新技术甚至可以通过早期纠正不正常的基因使阻止疾病发展成为可能。
adv. 最终
在早期
非正常的
v. 纠正
Para 3
to prevent
Genome editing, ______ (serve) as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach ___ health care.(L22)
贸易不应当作为经济掠夺(plunder)的手段。
Trade should not serve as a means of economic plunder.
学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。
The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.
V-ing短语做状语
基因组编辑，作为抗击疾病的新武器，将会导致我们的医疗保健方式产生根本性的改变。
根本性的，基本的
方式
Para 3
to
serving
As the technology continues to develop ___ a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it _______________(appropriate). (line 25)
arise-arose-arisen
(1)arise from/out of 由……引起，产生于
(2)arouse vt. 激发 arouse one's interest/curiosity
(3) raise vt.举起；提高；提出(问题)；筹集；养育 【及物】
raise one's awareness of... 提升某人的……意识
(4)rise vi. 上升，增长 【不及物动词】
Vi：产生、出现 同义词：occur
Para 4
然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
随着.....,引时间状语从句
快速地
at
appropriately
Should we restrict our use of this technology ___ the treatment and prevention of diseases （L26）
我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面
restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束
restrict sth. to sb. / sth. 将……限定到……
restricted adj.有限的；受限制的；受控制的
be restricted to sb 局限于某人
restriction n.限制，约束；限制法规
make restrictions on 对……有限制
Para 4
to
The new law _________ smoking in public places.
2. In future we will restrict class sizes ____ 20 students.
3. There are ____________ on what you can bring into our school.
4. The competition is 　　　　　 (restrict) to players under the age of 23.
Practice makes perfect.
restricts
to
restrictions
restricted
Should we prohibit geneticists from ______(use) it to enhance healthy bodies
prohibit/ban _______ sth; 禁止做某事
禁止某人做某事
prohibit/ban>forbid>prevent
严禁吸咽!
Smoking is strictly prohibited!
Please note that any ____________ (prohibit) items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
prohibited
（尤指以法令）禁止≈ban
Para 4
我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？
v. 加强，增加
using
prohibit/ban sb. from doing sth.
doing
One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing __________ (increase) the human ___________(resist) to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more ___________ (intelligence). (L 29)
Para 4
n. 抵抗力，反抗
v. （使）变锋利，改善，提高
n. 感官
不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育,使他们所有的感官更加敏镜，或使他们更加聪明。
to 不定式短语的平行结构，层层深入列举基因组编辑对人类未来的影响
to increase
intelligent
resistance
One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing to increase the human resistance ____ colds and flus, to make people taller... (L 29)
n. 抵抗力；反抗
(1)resistance to sb/sth 对...的反抗/抵抗力
(2) v.抵抗，抗拒 resist ______ sth.
(3) adj. 抵制的；有抵抗力的
Jim觉得很难抵挡逃课的诱惑。
Jim found it hard to resist the temptation to miss the class.
It is the easiest of crops to grow and is seemingly __________ (resist) to any disease.
resistant
Para 4
to
resist
resistant
doing
We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, _________ (creat) what some have called “designer babies”.(L31)
时间状语从句
现在分词做结果状语
我们将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造出一些人所说的“定制婴儿”。
宾语从句
Para 4
creating
Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how _________ (keep) the technology from running wild.
Para 4
哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。
keep sth from doing sth 阻止....做某事
run wild 失控
弄清楚，计算出，解决
to keep
疑问词+不定式
疑问代词（who,what, which等）、疑问副词（when, where, how等），whether后跟不定式，构成”疑问词+不定式“ 结构，可作主语，宾语，表语，同位语等。
We don’t know what _________ (do) with such a difficult problem.
我们不知道如何处理这样一个难题。
Where ___________(go) tomorrow has not beed decided.
明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
He has to learn how __________ (hunt) for food, and make fire.
他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。
to do
to go
to hunt
mean doing… 意味着
put...in place 准备就绪
work/be to one's advantage 对……有利
新规章制度最终将对我们有利。
Ultimately, the new regulations will work/be to our advantage.
This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. (L35)
这意味着适当的管制要准备到位以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。
Para 4
Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous ___ a car out of control.(L32)
含蓄虚拟语气
没有它们，基因组编辑就会像失去控制的车一样危险。
Para 4
失控
as
Para 5
There is still much ______________ (explore) and debated on the subject of genome editing.
有待探索和讨论
涉及；关于...话题
在基因组编辑这个同题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。
to be explored
Despite the public argument _____ this technology, its possibilities __________________(creat) much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.(L40)
尽管(+n.)
尽管公众对这项技术存在争议，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界和其他领域引起了极大的兴奋。
Although there is public argument over this technology,
Para 5
Para 5
over
have been creating
我见证了许多科学发展，但没有什么能像基因组编辑那样彻底改变游戏规则。
6. Do as the Romans do when in Rome.
7. Child as he is，he knows a lot.
5. 连词，时间状语从句, 有“随着”的含义。
6. 连词，方式状语从句,按照,“以……的方式”
7. 连词，让步状语从句，“尽管， 虽然”，必须构成倒装。
1. as +adj/adv+as 副词,“和...一样...”
2. As（关系代词）引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。
5. As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, .... (L 25)
1. ..., but none are as game-changing as genome editing.(L4)
2. As many of you may already know, ...(L6)
3. Geneticists have been trying to identify ..., as they believe ... (L14)
3. 连词，原因状语从句,“因为”
4. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon... (L22)
4. 介词，“作为”
as的用法
With our society growing older，we need the contributions of our older citizens.
→_________________________________，we need the contributions of our older citizens.
Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early.
→_________________________________，they started out very early.
It is known to all that a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well.
→________________，a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well.
当我在公交站点等车的时候，我偶遇了老朋友们。
_________________________________________________________________
As our society grows older
Heavily as it was raining outside
As we all know
As I waited at a bus stop，I ran into/came across my old friends.
Practice makes perfect.
1. He holds a ___________(doubt).attitude towards the latest findings
2. Most people are identified _______ their minds and their emotions.
3. The soldiers __________________(prohibit) from leaving camp after dark.
4.He can’t resist ________(eat) fried food even though he knows it is harmful to his health.
5. Emotional or mental problems can arise ________ a physical cause.
6. He's a distant ___________(relate) of the mayor.
Instant Feedback
doubtful
with
were prohibited
eating
from
relative
单词拼写
1.Much of the ______________(争论) so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars.
2.A number of high buildings have ______________(出现) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
3.She ______________(来回踱步) up and down the room,waiting for the phone to ring.
debate/argument
arisen
paced　
4.By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer ______________(方式).
5.The government is trying to ______________(恢复;修复) public confidence in the economy.
6.______________(最终),Tom achieved his ambitious goal through hard work.
7.The team’s secret ______________(武器) is their new young defender.
8.Having made a lot of preparations, we still ran into strong ______________(反对) to our plan.
means　
restore
Ultimately
weapon　
resistance
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.My father used to be an amateur ______________(wrestle) and national champion.
2.He hoped she would remove that ______________(prohibit) soon.
3.The government placed ______________(restrict) on the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
4.Our new managing director has reorganized the company a little bit, but nothing has ______________(fundamental) changed.
wrestler　
prohibition　
restrictions　
fundamentally
5.Regarding your inquiry, I’m writing to share with you some ______________(relate) information.
6.There’s a close ______________(identify) between fans and their team.
7.She envied our family atmosphere where our parents showed us much ______________(affect).
8.The crops will not be ready for harvesting until we have had some sunshine to ______________(ripe) them.
related
identity　
affection　
ripen
1.I have always felt great respect and ________________________ my father.
我素来很尊敬我的父亲，并对他怀有一种很真挚的感情。
2.You could debate whether they actually were wrong, but you couldn’t doubt _____________________________.
你可以争论他们是否错了，但你不能怀疑他们对学习的渴望。
3._________________________________________________________his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流。
4.______________________________, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
正如我在电话里解释的那样，下次开会将考虑你的请求。
5.____________________, she couldn’t get the door open.
无论她怎样努力，她就是打不开门。
a genuine affection for
that they are eager to learn
There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies in
As I explained on the phone
Try as she might
1. ___ is known to all, genome editing brings many exciting possibilities to the world. Genes play 2. __ critical role in shaping our lives. Our personal genome carries all the information 3. _______ (need) to make us grow and develop. Also it contains information 4. _____ helps determine our lifespan and 5. _____(affect) our chances of contracting certain diseases. By correcting, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic materials, 6. _________ (gene) hope to apply the technology of genome editing to help with 7. _____ disease treatment and prevention. 8. _________, questions arise about how to use genome editing 9. _____________(appropriate). 10. ________ the public argument genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.
As
a
needed
that
affect
geneticists
both
However
appropriately
Despite
consolidation
fill in the blanks with proper words in the right form
1. 科学进步
2. 在…中起关键作用
3. 取决于；依赖；依靠
4. 使某人更有可能怎么样
5. 涉及，与…相关
6. 一种有效的治愈和预防疾病的方法
7. 把….应用到
8. 各种各样的
9. 恢复盲人的视力
10. 先天耳聋
11. 使做某事成为可能
12. 防止/阻止某人干某事
13. 作为抗击疾病斗争中的新武器
scientific advances（L4）
play a critical role in (doing) sth(L6)
make sb more likely to do sth(L12)
relate to(L14)
depend on(L7)
an effective means of disease treatment and prevention(L15)
a wide range/variety of(L18)
restore a blind person’s vision(L19)
be born deaf(L20)
apply…to (L18)
make it possible to do sth(L21)
prevent sb from doing sth(L21-22)
serve as a new weapon in the fight against disease(L23)
14.带来本质上的改变
15. 快速发展
16. 限制/限定为……
17. 禁止某人做某事
18. 对...的抵抗（力）
19. 努力处理；全力解决
20. 道德伦理问题
21. 弄清楚，明白
22. 阻止...疯狂发展
23. 让...准备就绪
24. 对...有利
25. 涉及……时(para5)
26. 在整个医学界
27. 无疑
lead to a fundamental change（L23）
develop at a fast pace(L25)
restrict sth to ...(L27)
prohibit sb from doing sth(L27)
resistance to sth(L29)
wrestle with sth= struggle to deal with sth(L34)
moral issues(L34)
figure out(L35)
keep sth from running wild(L35)
put …in place(L35-36)
to one’s advantage(L36-37)
without doubt(L42)
throughout the entire medical community(L41)
on the subject of(L39)
Thank you!
串记拓展词汇
1.chemist n.药剂师,药商;化学家→______________ n.化学→______________ adj.与化学有关的;化学的
2.specialize(also specialise) vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻→______________ adj.专用的,专业的,专门的→______________ adj.特别的;特殊的　n.特别的东西;特价
3.affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动→____________ adj.感人的,动人的
→______________ adj.受到影响的→______________ n.友爱,影响,疾病
chemistry
chemical
specialized
special
affecting
affected
affection
4.relate vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述→______________ adj.有关系的,有关联的;讲述的,叙述的→______________ n.相关物→______________ n.关系;叙述
5.identify vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份→______________ n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明
6.delete vt.删去,删除→______________ n.删除
7.restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位→______________ n.恢复;归还
8.abnormal adj.反常的,畸形的→__________ adj.正常的;正规的;标准的
related
relative
relation
identification
deletion　
restoration　
normal
9.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束→______________ n.限制;约束;束缚
10.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能→______________ adj.禁止的→______________ n.禁止;禁令
11.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗→______________ v.抵抗,抗拒;忍住
12.characteristic n.特征,特点 adj.典型的,独特的→______________ n.性格;品质;特征;人物,角色
13.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→______________ vt.& vi.(使)成熟
restriction
prohibitive
prohibition
resist
character　
ripen
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.　　　　　　　　 依靠
2.　　　　　　　　 涉及,与……相关
3.　　　　　　　　 把……运用到……中
4.　　 　　　　　　 禁止某人做某事
5.　　　　　　　　 努力处理,全力解决
6.　　　　　　　　 准备就绪
7.　　　　　　　　 失控
8.　　　　　　　　 毫无疑问,的确
9.　　　　　　　　 充当;起……作用
10.　　　　　　　　 高龄
depend on　
relate to　
apply...to...
prohibit sb from doing sth　
wrestle with　
put sth in place　
out of control　
without doubt　
function as　
a ripe old age