译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage 课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
Grammar
Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses
Peter's mother was washing dishes.
观察下列句子，找出它们有什么不同。
Dishes was being washed by Peter’s mother.
英语动词有两种语态：
主动语态 (the Active Voice)
被动语态 (the Passive Voice)
A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态的基本形式：助动词be +done
助动词be 有人称，数，时态的变化
I am liked by everybody.
She_____(be)liked by everybody.
They ____________(be) liked by everybody until now.
注意： 只有及物动词才有被动语态
We arrived.
We arrived at the railway station at noon.
is
have been
We speak English.
主语
谓语
宾语
English is spoken by us.
主语
谓语
宾语
主动变被动：主变宾，宾变主，谓语变成be + done
1．概念
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动性动作，就是指被动状态下的过去正在进行、发生的事情。
过去进行时的被动语态
2．构成
①肯定句：主语＋be(was/were) being done＋其他
②否定句：主语＋be(was/were) not being done＋其他
③一般疑问句：Be(was/were)＋主语＋being done＋其他
④特殊疑问句：Wh ＋be(was/were)＋主语＋being done＋其他
过去进行时的被动语态
主动句：
The teacher was telling Snow White [when I got there]．
主语　　　 谓语　　　 宾语　　　状语
当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。
(肯定句)
Snow White was being told (by the teacher) [when I got there]．
主语　　　　 谓语　　 by＋执行者　　　状语
被动句：
(否定句)
Snow White wasn’t being told (by the teacher) when I got there.
被动句：
(疑问句)
A：Was Snow White being told (by the teacher)when I got there
B：Yes，it was. / No，it wasn’t.
(特殊疑问句)
Why was Snow White being told (by the teacher) when I got there 疑问词　　　主语　　谓语　　 by＋执行者 状语
3．用法
(1)表示过去进行的被动动作，经常和时间副词then，at this time last week，at this moment yesterday等连用。
This issue __________________(discuss) at this moment yesterday.
这个议题昨天的这个时候正在被公司的经理们讨论。
(2)表示过去某个阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时动作不一定正在进行)。
It is said that his car _________________(repair) last Friday in the garage.
据说他的车上个周五正在修理厂被修。
was being discussed
was being repaired
(3)进行时的被动语态可以由“was/were＋under/on等介词＋名词”结构代替。
e.g. 1. Many new inventions____________________(exhibit)in the museum at this time last year.
＝Many new inventions___________________(exhibit)in the museum at this time last year.
许多新发明去年的这个时候正在博物馆被展出。
2. He didn’t stay in my room last night because it ___________________ (repair).
＝He didn’t stay in my room last night because it __________(repair).
昨天晚上他没有住在我房间里，我的房间正在修缮。
were being exhibited
were on exhibition
was under repair
was being repaired
4. 练习
句型转化
1.I was practicing my oral English at 8:00 yesterday evening.
2.The dog was eating some meat when I saw it yesterday on the road.
My oral English was being practiced by me at 8:00 yesterday evening.
Some meat were being eaten by the dog when I saw it yesterday on the road.
4. 练习
单句语法填空
1．—Why didn’t you bring your computer here yesterday
—Oh，it __________________(check) by my neighbor then.
2．The tiger ______________(feed) some nice meat at that time yesterday.
3．Now we can cross the bridge which _____________(build) this time last month.
was being checked
was being fed
was being built
4. 练习
1.昨天下午3点，他正在和他的朋友们打篮球。
2.昨天早上这些问题一直在被他们讨论。
He was playing basketaball with his friends at 3:00 p.m. yesterday.
These problems were being discussed by them the whole morning yesterday.
1．概念
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。当句子的主语为谓语动词动作的承受者，并且该动作发生在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前时，谓语动词应用过去完成时的被动语态。
过去完成时的被动语态
过去的过去
2．构成
①肯定句：主语＋had+been done+其他
②否定句：主语＋had not been done+其他
③一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋been done+其他
过去完成时的被动语态
主动句：
The students had cleaned the room before the teacher came in.
主语　　　 谓语　　　 宾语　　　 状语
在老师进来前学生已经打扫完教室了。
被动句(肯定句）：
The room had been cleaned by the students before the teacher came in.
主语　　　 谓语　　　 宾语　　　状语
The room hadn’t been cleaned by the students before the teacher came in.
被动句(否定句）：
被动句(一般疑问句）：
Had the room been cleaned by the students before the teacher came in
（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by the time, before+过去的动作等引导的时间状语连用。
1. By the time we got there, all the tickets __________________ (sold out).
当我们到那时，所有的票都已经卖完了。
2. Before we went to the repair shop, the car_________________ (repair).
我们到达修理厂之前，车已经被修好了。
过去完成时的被动语态
3．用法
had been sold out
had been repaired
过去完成时的被动语态
3．用法
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for ,since 等引导的时间状语连用。
By the middle of last month we ______________(live) in Beijing for five years.
had lived
到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。
For the previous couple of weeks, I _______________ (train) on how to be a volunteer.
had been trained
（3）用在宾语从句中，常放told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动词之前已经发生的被动动作。
The boy was reminded that his homework _______________________(not hand in).
这个男孩被提醒道他的家庭作业还没有交。
过去完成时的被动语态
3．用法
had not been handed in
（4）在”It was the first/second/ ...time +that 从句，It was +一段时间+ since从句”句型中，当从句的主语为动作的承受者时，从句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“这是第一/二...次...，至...之后已经有一段时间了”
It was the first time that he_________________(reward) by his mother.
这是他第一次被他妈妈奖励。
过去完成时的被动语态
3．用法
had been rewarded
（5）在“Hardly/Scarely had...when...”和”No sooner had ...than ...”句型中，当主句的主语时动作的承受者时，主句用过去完成时的被动语态，表示“一...就...”
The door _______ hardly _____________(open) when we could smell the gas.
一打开门，我们就闻到了煤气的味道。
Hardly _____ the door ____________(open) when we could smell the gas.
过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时); by 9 o’clock(直到九点钟) by the end of …(在…结束/末之前); by the time…(在…时之前); up till then (直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）;already（已经）;yet（仍然）;just（刚刚），when（当……时）;ever（曾经）;until / till（直到）;as soon as（一……就）等连用，表示过去的过去。
been opened
had
had
been opened
1. I had turned off my cell phone when you ______ me last night.
a. call b. were call c. called
2. When I arrived to the classroom, the teacher ______ the
lesson already.
a. had been started b. have started c. had started
C
Choose the best answer.
C
4. 练习
1.He said he (work) in that factory since 1949.
2.I thought I______________(receive) the letter a week before.
had worked
had received
3.By the time he got to the school, the classroom __________________(clean).
4.How many buildings _________________ (destroy) when the hurricane ended
5.He did what he ____________ (tell) by his mother.
6.By the end of 1976, many buildings _______________(build) in the city.
had been cleaned
had been destroyed
had been told
had been bulit
翻译句子：
1.当他们到达电影院时，电影票已经卖完了。
2.他说这本书已经被译成日语。
When they got to the cinema, the tickets had been sold out.
He said that the book had been translated into Japanese.
Go through the blog post again and find out the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses.
Passive voice in the past continuous tense
Passive voice in the past perfect tense ..., I reflected on what had just been achieved.
... a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized ...,
even though my limits were being tested like never before.
I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity.
The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action _______________ (do) at a specific time in the __________ (present/past). The verb form is “______________________”.
The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed _________ (before/after) a past time. The verb form is “___________________”.
Working out the rules
was/were being done
had been done
being done
past
before
had been injured
had been cleaned
were being wasted
was being treated
had been taken
B2
had been placed
were being carried
had (been) trained
had been made/
were made
were being cheered
was being blown
1.He always _____ (go) to school by bus.
2.The earth _____(be) round.
3.The problem _________________(discuss) for 2 days.
4. Trees ________________ (plant) here this time last year.
5. He was cleaning his car while I _________(cook).
6. I _________(lose) my key, so I couldn't enter the room.
.
goes
is
has been discussed
were being planted
was cooking
have lost
7. Hurry up, kids! The school bus________(wait)for us!
8. I _________________(wait) for Jane for a long time.
9. Hurry up! Flight 406_______(take)off at 18: 40.
10. Our classroom ____________(clean) everyday.
11. Don't call me between 3 and 5 p.m. because I ________________(have) a meeting at that moment.
12. You aren't allowed to enter into meeting room because a secret plan ______________(make).
13. The band ____________(give) a performance at the bar tomorrow evening.
is waiting
takes
is cleaned
will be having
have been waiting
is being made
will give
14. He ___________(mount) the platform and delivered his speech.
15. It was the second time that the young athlete ______________(participate) in marathon.
16. He told me that he ______________ (graduate) from middle school two years later.
17. The plane ________ (crash) in the mountain last night, which made us shocked.
18. —Do you think Mom and Dad　　　　(be)late
—No, the plane is usually on time.
mounted
had participated
would graduate
crashed
will be
Thanks
Test Your Grammar
Pair work: Make questions with your partners.
Pair work: Ask and answer questions
collect information about with your partners.
…
home, birth, age, education, experience, plan for senior high school, habit, dream, famaily members…
1. Where were you born
2. When were you born
3. Where do you live
4. How many brothers and sisters have you got
5. Why are you studying English
6. How long have you been studying English
7. Which province have you been to
Presentation: Tell the Class about your partner.(pay attention to the forms of verbs)
Home, birth place, age, education, experience, plan for senior high school…
…
Read the blog post on page 20 , and find out what Nicole did and fill in the table below.
Six weeks ago
Over the past six weeks
On the day of the city half-marathon
Nicole agreed to take part in a city half-marathon for amateurs.
I gradually increased the distance in each training session, and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover.
Nicole ran her race relaxed and confident, even though her limits were being tested like never before.
How did Nicole feel after finishing the half-marathon Show the details.
My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved.
She felt tired but excited.
We had studied English for 3 years.
English had been studied for 3 years by us.