中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题02阅读理解-说明文
专题02阅读理解-说明文
一、阅读理解
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph
A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats.
C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age.
2．How does a pet cat assess different situations
A．By listening for sounds.
B．By touching familiar objects.
C．By checking on smells.
D．By communicating with other cats.
3．Which best explains the phrase "take ... up notch" in paragraph 3
A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster.
C．Act strangely. D．Do better.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C．Have Fun with Your Cat
D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．D
4．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了猫咪的几种独特表达方式和它们高度敏锐的感官。首先，文章指出猫咪拥有出色的发声能力，它们能够通过不同的喵喵声与人类进行交流，并表达各种需求，如饥饿或寻求关爱。接着，文章描述了猫咪敏锐的嗅觉，它们通过嗅觉来评估环境和寻找危险信号，同时也利用嗅觉来识别和记住熟悉的气味，如主人的气味。最后，文章提到猫咪会模仿其他捕食者的习性，将外界发现的随机物品带回给主人，作为对主人的爱的表达。整篇文章突出了猫咪作为宠物的独特性和它们与人类之间深厚的情感联系。
【点评】考查阅读理解。推理判断题题、词义猜测题、和主旨大意题都是常考题型。推理判断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思；主旨大意题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护"，可知猫的喵喵叫是一种生存技能，故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells然而，猫能够区分不同情况的另一种方式是寻找熟悉的气味"，可知宠物猫通过辨别气味评估不同的情况，故选C。
3．词义猜测题，根据划线词后句"Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人"和"Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time猫会给它们的主人带礼物来表达它们对你的爱。这些可爱的小猎人只是在做一些从一开始就存在于他们本性中的事情"，可知"take ... up notch"大意是"做得更好，更进一步"，故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合段落中反复提到的关键词cats，以及第二段首句"Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻"和第三段首句"Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名，但猫将这种行为提升了一个档次"，可知本文主要着重理解猫的各种行为，故选B。
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
"I didn't like the ending," I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end - that's hard. It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters.
That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won't tell you what your ending should be - that's up to you and the story you're telling - but it might provide what you need to get there.
5．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie
A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report.
C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list.
6．What did the author realize after seeing Prof Gracie
A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B．Readers are often carried away by characters
C．Each type of literature has its unique ending
D．A story which begins well will end well
7．What is expected of a good ending
A．It satisfies readers' taste.
B．It fits with the story development.
C．It is usually positive.
D．It is open for imagination.
8．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims
A．To give examples of great novelists.
B．To stress the theme of this issue.
C．To encourage writing for the magazine.
D．To recommend their new books.
【答案】5．A
6．C
7．B
8．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 文章主要讲述作者在大学时读了一本维多利亚时代的小说，对结局不满意。教授Gracie建议作者理解一个结局是否符合角色的命运和故事逻辑更重要。这次经历让作者重新思考了如何看待故事结局。之后，作者学会了根据偏好选择不同类型的书籍来阅读。但作家创作一个合适的结局很难，因为结局对读者意义重大。《作家文摘》这期讨论了如何为不同故事创作最佳结局，提供了技巧和经典小说结局的分析，帮助作家找到创作方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not当时我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢"，可知作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论一本小说的结局，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段最后的" Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them当然，我更希望汤姆和玛吉·特利佛有一个不同的结局，但他们得到的结局对他们来说是最合理的"和第二段"This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本悬疑小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了"，可知见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种文学都有其独特的结局，故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters这对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说太重要了。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但似乎不是凭空而来的，一个适合角色的结局"，可知一个好的结局需要平衡创造性和不可预测性，同时又不能显得突兀，还需要符合角色的发展，故选B。
8．推理判断题。由第四段"That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work这就是为什么本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在做的任何一种写作写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，Peter Mountford给出了六种技巧，你可以试着看看哪一种能帮助你坚持着落。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了什么关键点，以及你如何将它们改编成你的作品"，可知作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期《Writer's Digest》杂志的主题，即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好的结尾，故选B。
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
"People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning," says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned," says Ducke. " They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. "
9．How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A．It runs across countries.
B．It reserves seats for the seniors.
C．It functions as a hospital.
D．It travels along a river.
10．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A．It is heavily populated.
B．It offers training for doctors.
C．It is a modern city.
D．It needs medical aid.
11．How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A．About a year. B．About ten months.
C．About two months. D．About two weeks.
12．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.
【答案】9．C
10．D
11．D
12．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了 《圣卢卡斯》号医疗列车是俄罗斯政府专为偏远小镇提供的医疗服务。列车不搭载普通乘客，只为病人提供服务。医生和护士在每个停留站为乡村居民提供基本的医疗检查和药品，每次停留约两天。这是俄罗斯政府为解决偏远地区医疗问题而采取的措施之一。列车每年在多个站点停留，为当地居民提供治疗机会。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中的" Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士向农村人口(乡村)提供基本医疗服务、x光扫描和处方"，可知圣卢卡斯和其他火车的区别在于它的功能是医院，故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据"The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医"，可知 Krasnoyarsk也需要医疗救助，故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock每年有10个月的时间，火车在两周内停在大约8个车站，然后返回地区首府加油和补充物资"，可知圣卢卡斯一次补给能维持两星期时间，故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Ducke的原话"I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned我对医生和他们的助手印象深刻，他们在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关心"和"They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会"，可知达克对圣卢卡斯的服务持感激的态度，故选A。
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880 -1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-PomMaking
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit(编织).
13．What do we know about ARTS FIRST
A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings.
B．It offers art courses for all ages.
C．It presents recreational activities.
D．It is a major tourist attraction.
14．Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures
A．Light Awash in Watercolor.
B．Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C．Wheel Throwing.
D．Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
15．What can you do together with Javier Marin
A．Practice a traditional dance. B．Make handcrafts.
C．Visit a local museum D．Feed invertebrates.
【答案】13．C
14．A
15．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 文章介绍了哈佛大学的年度艺术庆典ARTS FIRST，这是一个展示哈佛艺术社区创造力的独特年度庆祝活动。庆典通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动等形式，向公众展示哈佛艺术社区的创造力。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题这种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的" We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力"，可知关于ARTS FIRST，我们知道它提供娱乐活动，故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第一个小标题"Light Awash in Watercolor"下的"Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880 -1990: Into the Light在即将到来的‘'美国水彩画，1880 -1990：进入光'展览中，你可以尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧 "，可知与画画有关的是Light Awash in Watercolor项目，故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的"Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity"下的"Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials加入哈佛自然历史博物馆的Javier Marin，学习昆虫和其他无脊椎动物如何跳舞，启发时尚和创造艺术，同时用工艺材料制作自己的无骨气艺术家"，可知和Javier Marin可以一起做手工，故选B。
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution（变革）.
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
16．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
17．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A．It is packed with complex codes.
B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It provides step-by-step instructions.
D．It is intended for AI professionals.
18．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
19． What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】16．D
17．B
18．C
19．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍Catriona Campbell撰写的《AI by Design》，是关于如何应对AI革命挑战的实用指南。它强调了对AI控制的重要性，并呼吁现在采取行动，避免潜在的风险。该书建议全球监管和结构化思考，以实现AI带来的益处。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推理判断题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思。
16．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的"such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但谢天谢地，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容"，结合选项，可知"In the wrong hands"应是与选项D"If translated by someone unacademic如果是由非学术人士翻译的"意思相近，故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI她从一个商业人士(而非学者)的实际角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明"，可知AI by Design采用了一种接地气的写作风格，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话"She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有可能被边缘化，甚至更糟"和第四段中的"Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人——科技公司和世界领导人——这样他们就能与目前所有开发人工智能的专家站在同一条战线上"，可知关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力使AI处于控制中，故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据第一段"Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living withArtificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这就是人工智能设计:与人工智能生活的计划。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔(Catriona Campbell)撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战"，可知文章主要介绍了一本关于人工智能的书，故选A。
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod（容器）to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. "We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment," said a BMF employee.
20．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day-to-day care.
C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
D．It relies on farmer's markets.
21．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real-time weather changes.
B．Current condition of the plants.
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D．Availability of pre-seeded pods.
22．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
23．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards.
【答案】20．C
21．B
22．D
23．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF），是一个室内花园系统，可以安装在家庭、医院、餐厅或学校等场所，利用新技术和云监控实现自动化植物种植，通过精确供水减少水资源消耗，并提供实时生长数据。该系统缩短了食品从产地到餐桌的距离，减少了运输排放，无需使用农药和其他化学物质，同时BMF员工也致力于可持续生活方式，如步行或骑自行车上班、鼓励回收和减少垃圾。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了旅程"，可知巴比伦微型农场(BMF)缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离，故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants此外，还有一个方便的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据。由于该系统是自动化的，它大大减少了种植植物所需的水量"，可知这块方便的应用程序提供植物的目前状况，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少废物"和"We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质"，可知巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的员工有着强烈的环保意识，故选D。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段首句"Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology具体来说，这是一个依靠新技术的农场"、第四段首句"Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad此外，在同一栋建筑里有一个系统，这意味着从土壤到沙拉的零排放"和最后一段首句"BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday livesBMF员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展"，可知文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场的优势，故选A。
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk（小亭）for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
"You enter the fare gates（检票口）and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story," says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. "You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story."
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. "We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest," Trost says. "And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist."
Ridership on transit（交通）systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
"At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories," she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
24．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers' needs. D．To reduce its running costs.
25．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
26． What has Trost been doing recently
A．Organizing a story contest.
B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher.
D．Conducting interviews with artists.
27．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase.
【答案】24．C
25．B
26．A
27．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了旧金山湾区的一个快速交通系统（BART）在车站设立了小亭，提供一分钟、三分钟或五分钟长度的短篇故事或诗歌打印服务。自去年三月推出以来，乘客们已打印了近20,000篇短篇故事和诗歌，其中既有经典作品也有新创作。该项目旨在向乘客介绍当地作家，目前已收到约120篇投稿，获奖作品将加入小亭的供应。BART的首席通讯官阿莉西亚·特罗斯特认为，通过改善乘客体验，如提供短篇故事，可以吸引更多乘客使用公共交通工具。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段"Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed你是否有过这样的经历:到火车站时，你发现自己忘了带东西看 是的，我们都有手机，但我们中的许多人仍然喜欢走老路，阅读印刷的东西"和第二段中的"Well, there's a kiosk（小亭）for that嗯，有一个售货亭"，可知BART启动自助亭计划是为了满足顾客需求，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story你会看到一个亮着灯的报刊亭，它告诉你可以买一个一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事"和"You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story你选择你想要的长度，它就会给你一个像收据一样的短篇故事 "，可知小亭中的故事是按照长度分类的，故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第五段中的"We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest我们想做一些事情，我们打电话给海湾地区的艺术家，让他们为比赛提交故事"，可知Trost最近在准备举办一场比赛，故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories所以我绝对认为我们会因为短篇小说而获得更多的乘车者"，可知在Trost看来，BART的读者会增加，故选D。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
"With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application, "said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. "These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable "
Using a global dataset of 1. 9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of af lowering plant instead of the grass right next to it, "said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
"Quite a lot, "Daru explained." Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even species -that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. "
28．What do we know about the records of species collected now
A．They are becoming outdated.
B．They are mostly in electronic form
C．They are limited in number
D．They are used for public exhibition.
29．What does Daru's study focus on
A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens.
C．Observational data D．Mobile applications
30．What has led to the biases according to the study
A．Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures
C．Improper way of sampling.
D．Unreliable data collection devices.
31．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A．Review data from certain areas.
B．Hire experts to check the records.
C．Confirm the identity of the users.
D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】28．B
29．C
30．C
31．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在全球取样的生物多样性数据存在的缺陷以及弥补这一缺陷的方法。斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，尽管数字记录（如照片和视频）在记录地球物种多样性方面非常有用，但这些记录存在偏差，不能完美反映全球生物多样性的真实模式。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。尽管它们在探测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化方面很有用，但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这种记录并不完美"，可知关于现在收集的物种记录，我们知道的是这些记录都是以电子数据的形式存在的，故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段"Using a global dataset of 1. 9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patternsDaru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式"，可知Daru的研究对象主要是观察到的数据，故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段"Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features他们的研究表明，大量的观测记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖。此外，这些数据是有偏见的，倾向于某些地区、时间段和物种。这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。这些数据也偏向于某些具有吸引人或引人注目特征的物种"，可知是不合理的采样方式导致了偏差的出现，故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段"Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even species -that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份"，可知Daru建议生物多样性应用程序为公民科学家提供指导，引导其合理取样，故选D。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often "no. " The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态)and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis(假说). " According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print
Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologies -say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing leaning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
32．What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
33．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly.
D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
34．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention
B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills.
D．They are more informative than text.
35．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】32．D
33．D
34．A
35．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 文章主要讨论了阅读屏幕上的文本与阅读纸质文本在理解上存在差异，同样地，听和看内容与阅读书面文字在覆盖相同材料时的效果也不尽相同。这主要是因为阅读屏幕内容时，人们容易分心、以娱乐心态对待且倾向于多任务处理。研究表明，长文本的阅读在纸质上通常比屏幕上更有效，这与纸张的物理特性和人们的心理态度有关。此外，音频和视频虽然感觉更具吸引力，但成人在阅读新闻故事时，比听或看相同内容更能记住更多内容。因此，虽然数字文本、音频和视频在教育上都有其作用，但在需要高度精神集中和反思的情况下，纸质文本仍然是最佳选择。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节理解题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思。
32．词义猜测题。根据划线词前的"When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现"，和划线词后的"when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时"，可知阅读文本的好处在实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时变得非常明了，故选D。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段中的" According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print根据这一理论，人们接触数字文本时的心态与社交媒体相适应，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，而且比阅读纸质书时投入的脑力更少"，可知 the shallowing hypothesis认为数字文本适用于社交媒体，故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologie音频和视频比文本更吸引人，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术"，可知音频和视频能更吸引大学生的注意力，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing leaning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是在提供印刷版无法获得的资源时。然而，为了最大限度地学习需要精神集中和反思的地方，教育者不应该假设所有的媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的单词"，可知在最后一段中作者省略的意思是印刷文本在教育中不能完全被取代，故选C。
（2024·浙江） 阅读理解
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We' re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
36．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
37．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ____.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
38．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily.
B．Be selective information consumers.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
39．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
【答案】36．D
37．C
38．B
39．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神"垃圾食品"。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和标题归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
36．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat."每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
37．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat."但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
38．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental ‘junk food' in order to manage our time most effectively."因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神"垃圾食品"的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
39．考查标题归纳。根据第二段"As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We' re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers."作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。可知，本文介绍了在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神"垃圾食品"。故选D。
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专题02阅读理解-说明文
一、阅读理解
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
1．What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph
A．It's a survival skill. B．It's taught by mother cats.
C．It's hard to interpret. D．It's getting louder with age.
2．How does a pet cat assess different situations
A．By listening for sounds.
B．By touching familiar objects.
C．By checking on smells.
D．By communicating with other cats.
3．Which best explains the phrase "take ... up notch" in paragraph 3
A．Perform appropriately. B．Move faster.
C．Act strangely. D．Do better.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat
B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C．Have Fun with Your Cat
D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
"I didn't like the ending," I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end - that's hard. It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters.
That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won't tell you what your ending should be - that's up to you and the story you're telling - but it might provide what you need to get there.
5．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie
A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report.
C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list.
6．What did the author realize after seeing Prof Gracie
A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B．Readers are often carried away by characters
C．Each type of literature has its unique ending
D．A story which begins well will end well
7．What is expected of a good ending
A．It satisfies readers' taste.
B．It fits with the story development.
C．It is usually positive.
D．It is open for imagination.
8．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims
A．To give examples of great novelists.
B．To stress the theme of this issue.
C．To encourage writing for the magazine.
D．To recommend their new books.
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Saint Lukas train doesn't accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
"People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning," says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train's equipment allows for basic checkups. "I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned," says Ducke. " They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. "
9．How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains
A．It runs across countries.
B．It reserves seats for the seniors.
C．It functions as a hospital.
D．It travels along a river.
10．What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A．It is heavily populated.
B．It offers training for doctors.
C．It is a modern city.
D．It needs medical aid.
11．How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply
A．About a year. B．About ten months.
C．About two months. D．About two weeks.
12．What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' services
A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors, 1880 -1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺)materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-PomMaking
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit(编织).
13．What do we know about ARTS FIRST
A．It is an exhibition of oil paintings.
B．It offers art courses for all ages.
C．It presents recreational activities.
D．It is a major tourist attraction.
14．Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures
A．Light Awash in Watercolor.
B．Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C．Wheel Throwing.
D．Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
15．What can you do together with Javier Marin
A．Practice a traditional dance. B．Make handcrafts.
C．Visit a local museum D．Feed invertebrates.
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution（变革）.
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
16．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
17．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A．It is packed with complex codes.
B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It provides step-by-step instructions.
D．It is intended for AI professionals.
18．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
19． What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod（容器）to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. "We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment," said a BMF employee.
20．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day-to-day care.
C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
D．It relies on farmer's markets.
21．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real-time weather changes.
B．Current condition of the plants.
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D．Availability of pre-seeded pods.
22．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
23．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards.
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk（小亭）for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
"You enter the fare gates（检票口）and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story," says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. "You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story."
It's that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. "We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest," Trost says. "And as of right now, we've received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist."
Ridership on transit（交通）systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
"At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories," she says.
And you'll never be without something to read.
24．Why did BART start the kiosk program
A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use.
C．To meet passengers' needs. D．To reduce its running costs.
25．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A．By popularity. B．By length.
C．By theme. D．By language.
26． What has Trost been doing recently
A．Organizing a story contest.
B．Doing a survey of customers.
C．Choosing a print publisher.
D．Conducting interviews with artists.
27．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future
A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline.
C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase.
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
"With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application, "said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. "These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable "
Using a global dataset of 1. 9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of af lowering plant instead of the grass right next to it, "said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity
"Quite a lot, "Daru explained." Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places -and even species -that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. "
28．What do we know about the records of species collected now
A．They are becoming outdated.
B．They are mostly in electronic form
C．They are limited in number
D．They are used for public exhibition.
29．What does Daru's study focus on
A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens.
C．Observational data D．Mobile applications
30．What has led to the biases according to the study
A．Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures
C．Improper way of sampling.
D．Unreliable data collection devices.
31．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A．Review data from certain areas.
B．Hire experts to check the records.
C．Confirm the identity of the users.
D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often "no. " The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态)and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis(假说). " According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print
Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologies -say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing leaning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
32．What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
33．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly.
D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
34．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention
B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills.
D．They are more informative than text.
35．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
（2024·浙江） 阅读理解
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We' re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental "junk food" in order to manage our time most effectively.
36．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test
A．Take an examination alone.
B．Show respect for the researchers.
C．Share their treats with others.
D．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
37．According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ____.
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
38．What does the author suggest readers do
A．Absorb new information readily.
B．Be selective information consumers.
C．Use diverse information sources.
D．Protect the information environment.
39．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
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