中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【2024中考真题特辑：热点时文阅读】05科普知识
来源 题型 主要内容
1 2024·江苏无锡·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。
2 2024·山东东营·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活。
3 2024·广东·中考真题 阅读理解 本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。
4 2024·云南·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。
5 2024·河南·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。
6 2024·天津·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了盐从哪里来的。
7 2024·福建·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了了解海洋的重要性。
8 2024·天津·中考真题 短文填空 介绍“穴居人”的生活。
9 2024·重庆·中考真题 短文填空 介绍了充足睡眠的重要性。
10 2024·湖南长沙·中考真题 短文填空 介绍人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果这一习俗及背后的意义。
01
（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）
A theory of emotionTwo scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion.
A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”.
The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
1．What is the main finding of the new study
A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger.
C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger.
2．What can we learn about calming activities
A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate.
C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health.
3．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid
A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm.
C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly.
4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________.
They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings.
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。
02
（2024·山东东营·中考真题）
We’ve all seen pictures of camels carrying heavy loads (负载物) across the sandy desert. They walk without stopping for food or water for several days.
Have you ever wondered how they do it For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel’s back.
Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water. The hump is like a spare cupboard (备用食物柜) where the camel stores (储存) food and water for days when there is nothing to eat or drink.
When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat (脂防) and stored in the camel’s bump.
When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That’s why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water.
Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel’s blood cells (组胞).
Camels save water too. They never know when they’ll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies.
After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel’s hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis (绿洲), it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight.
Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life.
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The shape of the hump. B．The habit of the camel.
C．The function (功能) of the hump. D．The ability of the camel
6．Which is TRUE about the hump
A．The hump stores different kinds of food.
B．The hump always stays the same size.
C．The hump can store more than 130 litres water.
D．The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions.
7．What does the underlined word “sponges” mean
A．海绵 B．弹簧 C．水桶 D．吸管
8．Why docs the writer use some numbers in this passage
A．To explain the facts more clearly.
B．To express the ideas more politely.
C．To make the article more educational.
D．To make the language more beautiful.
9．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Camels have some amazing abilities.
B．Camels are good helpers for desert people.
C．Camels have a great quality of never wasting water.
D．Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert.
5．C 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活。
5．主旨大意题。根据“Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water...”可知本段主要介绍了驼峰的功能。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据“When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”可知当生活很好，有充足的食物和饮料时，骆驼的驼峰可以长到40公斤大，可见驼峰的重量取决于饮食条件。故选D。
7．词义猜测题。根据“Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”可知是像海绵一样，可以吸水，故此处划线部分意为“海绵”。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据“a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”“they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water.”“They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”以及“After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight.”可知这些数字更好地描述了骆驼的情况，即为了更准确地解释事实。故选A。
9．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活，即骆驼在沙漠中有一套完美的生活系统。故选D。
03
（2024·广东·中考真题）People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.
The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves.
Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens.
The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.
10．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1
A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it.
C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list.
11．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken
A． B．
C． D．
12．How did the volunteers help with the research
A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens.
C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy.
13．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt.
14．What is the best title for the passage
A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens
C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers
10．D 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B
【导语】本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。
10．推理判断题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ... It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D “一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单” 符合语境，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。选项D符合 “快速而响亮的声音” 这一描述，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.”可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以……鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。联系前文可知，是为了识别鸡的情感，故选C。
14．最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。
04
（2024·云南·中考真题）All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings.
Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple.
More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
15．What do we know about a green building
A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings.
C．It is designed by famous architects. D．It is built in an environment-friendly way.
16．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light
A．To save energy. B．To save materials.
C．To protect the plants. D．To protect the buildings.
17．What does the underlined word “conserve” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. D．Produce.
18．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3
A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples.
C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons.
19．What can be the best title for the text
A．Designing Buildings B．Going Green
C．Recycling Materials D．Using Energy
15．D 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．B
【导语】本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。
15．细节理解题。根据“A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment.”可知，绿色建筑是以对环境无害的方式设计的。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源，故选A。
17．词句猜测题。根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. ”可知，为了节约用水，绿色建筑的屋顶上可以有收集雨水的区域，厨房和浴室可以有洗池和马桶，所以是可以用洗池和马桶来节约水，划线单词表示“节约”。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge ‘living roof’ of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! ”可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨，故选B。
19．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容，强调环保，所以B项最适合做标题。故选B。
05
（2024·河南·中考真题）An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.
Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.
If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing Are they moving to higher ground This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
20．What is the old saying about
A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky.
C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work.
21．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean
A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV.
B．The persons who carry out research on natural history.
C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals.
D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions.
22．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2
A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather.
B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting.
C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather.
D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather.
23．What do we know from the last paragraph
A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places.
B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air.
C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure.
D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise.
24．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text
A．To encourage people to get close to nature.
B．To express the need for weather forecasting.
C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather.
D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is.
20．C 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。
20．细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。
21．词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。
25．D 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。
25．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。
29．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。
06
（2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt.
Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.
People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store.
25．Some early people got salt from ________.
A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks
26．Why did people put sea water in the sun
A．To get salt. B．To catch fish.
C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops.
27．How do people get salt from salt mines
A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground.
C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea.
28．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells
a. The salt is taken out of the salt water.
b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes.
c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe.
A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c
29．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt
C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need
20．C 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。
20．细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。
21．词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。
25．D 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。
25．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。
29．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。
07
（2024·福建·中考真题）Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them. Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped, and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered.
So why do we know so little about the deep sea Well, getting to those depths is very difficult and requires high technology that simply didn’t come into being for most of human history. The first navigable submarine (可驾驶的潜水艇), for example, was built in 1620, and it couldn’t go more than five meters below the surface. In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore (探索) the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine. Ten years later, around 4, 700 species (物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered.
Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult Well, at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的), everything is completely dark, and the pressure can be over 1, 000 times greater than that on the surface.
Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas. They help control the earth’s temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2) in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate change. Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface.
30．Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1
A．To introduce how important oceans are.
B．To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out.
C．To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth.
D．To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans.
31．What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea
A．High technology. B．Unknown species.
C．A pleasant environment. D．Valuable information.
32．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Sea animals. B．The seas. C．The satellites. D．Many scientists.
33．What can we learn from the text
A．It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B．The seas have a strong influence on our future.
C．The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D．It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think.
34．What could be the best title of the text
A．Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B．Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea
C．Deep-Sea Exploration: Into the Freezing Depths D．Deep-Sea Exploration: The Past and the Future
30．D 31．A 32．B 33．B 34．C
【导语】本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。
30．推理判断题。根据“Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them.…”可知列举的数字表明，尽管海洋覆盖地球的71%，但是我们仍然知之甚少。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据“In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore the deep sea.”和“Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites.”可知探索深海需要高科技的帮助。故选A。
32．词义推断题。根据“Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas.”可知虽然我们有困难，但了解海洋是很重要的。此处they指代上文的seas。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface.”可知我们的未来取决于更多地了解我们的海洋，说明海洋对我们的未来有很大影响。故选B。
34．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了探索海洋的重要性，根据“Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult ”可知主要是介绍深海探究的现状，并不是过去与未来。故选C。
08
（2024·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters (遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 35 them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 36 for them. They had to move from place to place to s 37 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a 38 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的) food u 39 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c 40 their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 41 in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a 42 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 43 and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l 44 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized (文明的).
35．(p)rotect 36．(e)asy 37．(s)earch 38．(a)nything 39．(u)ntil 40．(c)over 41．(g)rew 42．(a)nimals 43．(f)armers 44．(l)arger
【导语】本文主要介绍“穴居人”的生活。
35．句意：这些“家”只是用作临时庇护所，保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害。根据“These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p... them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests.”可知，这些“家”保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害，protect“保护”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(p)rotect。
36．句意：这些“穴居人”通常生活在小群体中，生活对他们来说并不容易。根据“These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e... for them.”可知，生活对他们来说并不容易，easy“容易的”，在句中作表语，故填(e)asy。
37．句意：他们不得不从一个地方搬到另一个地方寻找食物。根据“They had to move from place to place to s... for food.”可知，他们不得不搬家寻找食物，search for“寻找”符合语境，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(s)earch。
38．句意：当他们找不到吃的东西时，他们会离开去找另一个合适的地方。根据“When they couldn’t find a... to eat, they would leave to find another proper place.”可知，找不到吃的东西时就会搬家，anything“任何东西”，用于否定句中，故填(a)nything。
39．句意：他们吃生的食物，直到学会如何生火。根据“They ate raw (生的) food u... they learnt how to make a fire.”可知，直到学会如何生火才不吃生的食物，until“直到”符合语境，故填(u)ntil。
40．句意：至于衣服，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体。根据“they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c... their bodies”可知，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体，cover“遮盖”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(c)over。
41．句意：他们收集了生长在森林中的野生植物的种子。根据“They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g... in the forests.”可知，收集生长在森林中的野生植物的种子，grow“生长”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(g)rew。
42．句意：他们还饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，以获取牛奶、肉和皮。根据“They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a... for milk, meat and skins.”可知，饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，animal“动物”，“other kinds of”修饰可数名词复数，故填(a)nimals。
43．句意：他们成了农民，只住在一个特定的地区。根据“They became f... and lived in only one certain area.”可知，他们成了农民，farmer“农民”，主语“They”是复数，故填(f)armers。
44．句意：他们的群体变得比以前更大，因为他们的生活更加稳定。根据“Their groups became l... than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives.”可知，他们的群体变得比以前更大，larger“更大的”，在句中作表语，故填(l)arger。
09
（2024·重庆·中考真题）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。
“Do you get enough sleep ” The answer is probably no if you ask a tired student who is always taking a nap (小睡) on a classroom desk. “I couldn’t get to sleep and experienced a restless night again.” You may often hear such words from an adult. Not having enough 45 is a common problem around the world.
However, sleep is just like food and water to us. 46 of us can live if we don’t sleep at all. Sleep experts say that an adult requires 7 to 9 hours of sleep a night and a teenager needs 8.5 to 9.5 hours. Anything less could be h 47 to our health.
According to a study, sleeping only five hours a night for a week is like having a blood-alcohol (酒精) level of 0.1 percent. That is above the safe driving limit (限制) in most countries. Most people probably wouldn’t take an exam or go to work if they get drunk. But 48 enough sleep, they still do these things. As a result, they 49 in the exams or perform badly at work. What’s worse, doctors and nurses often work long hours. When they are sleepy, they might hurt a patient or even 50 a patient’s death by accident.
51 sleep is so important, many people these days are not getting enough. In a survey, twenty percent say that daytime sleepiness influences their daily work. They feel it hard to pay full attention during the day. However, they don’t seem to care. Some even show off how energetic they can be the next day just with little sleep. It may be time to wake up and 52 the way we think. We should realize that not sleeping enough is a serious problem.
45．sleep 46．None 47．(h)armful 48．without 49．fail 50．cause 51．Though/Although 52．change
【导语】本文介绍了充足睡眠的重要性。
45．句意：睡眠不足是世界上一个普遍的问题。enough形容词，修饰名词，根据“Do you get enough sleep ”可知此处介绍睡眠不足的问题，sleep表示“睡眠”。故填sleep。
46．句意：如果不睡觉，我们不能生存。根据“if we don’t sleep at all”可知不睡觉，大家都不能生存，none of表示“没有”，强调三者或三者以上都不，位于句首，首字母大写。故填None。
47．句意：任何不足都可能对我们的健康有害。根据“Sleep experts say that an adult requires 7 to 9 hours of sleep a night and a teenager needs 8.5 to 9.5 hours.”可知此处介绍睡眠不足对健康有害，此空为形容词作表语，harmful表示“有害的”。故填(h)armful。
48．句意：但是没有充足的睡眠，他们仍然做这些事。根据“Most people probably wouldn’t take an exam or go to work if they get drunk.”可知饮酒不能做的事，但是没有充足的睡眠仍然会去做。介词without表示“没有”。故填without。
49．句意：结果他们考试失败或者在工作中表现不好。此空为谓语动词，根据“in the exams or perform badly at work.”可知此处指考试失败，fail表示“失败”，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填fail。
50．句意：当他们困了的时候，他们可能会伤害病人，甚至意外导致病人的死亡。or连接并列的动词原形，根据“a patient’s death by accident.”可知此处指意外导致人死亡，cause表示“引起”。故填cause。
51．句意：尽管睡眠如此重要，现在很多人也没有充足睡眠。根据“sleep is so important, many people these days are not getting enough.”可知此句是让步状语从句，用though或although引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Though/Although。
52．句意：也许是时候醒过来，改变我们的思维方式了。and连接并列的动词原形，根据“We should realize that not sleeping enough is a serious problem.”可知此处指改变“我们”的思维方式，change表示“改变”。故填change。
10
（2024·湖南长沙·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It 53 (mark) the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits 54 each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special 55 (meaning). They represent (象征) the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings,
Orchids (兰花) come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 56 (represent) love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be 57 (luck), successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must.
Peonies (牡丹) are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies 58 (give) to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and 59 (rich).
Kumquats (金橘), with 60 (they) golden color, ate a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs.
The apple, with its bright colors 61 round shape, represents peace and harmony (和谐). In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. 62 (certain), apples make great gifts.
53．marks 54．to 55．meanings 56．to represent 57．lucky 58．are given 59．richness 60．their 61．and 62．Certainly
【导语】本文主要介绍人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果这一习俗及背后的意义。
53．句意：它标志着冬天的结束和春天的开始。时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单，故填marks。
54．句意：根据传统，人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果，因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。give sth to sb“给某人某物”，故填to。
55．句意：根据传统，人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果，因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。many修饰可数名词复数，故填meanings。
56．句意：人们认为它们代表着爱和美。be believed to do sth“被相信做某事”，故填to represent。
57．句意：兰花的意思是：“祝你幸运、成功、快乐。”此处在句中作表语，用其形容词形式，故填lucky。
58．句意：红色的牡丹是用来表示爱和关心的。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态be done，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are given。
59．句意：它们也是财富和富裕的象征。此处与wealth并列，用名词形式，故填richness。
60．句意：金黄色的金橘被认为是财富和幸运的象征。此处作定语修饰其后的名词，用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
61．句意：苹果颜色鲜艳，形状圆润，象征着和平与和谐。前后构成并列关系，用and连接，故填and。
62．句意：当然，苹果是很好的礼物。此处在句中修饰整个句子，用副词Certainly放句首，故填Certainly。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【2024中考真题特辑：热点时文阅读】05科普知识
来源 题型 主要内容
1 2024·江苏无锡·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。
2 2024·山东东营·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活。
3 2024·广东·中考真题 阅读理解 本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。
4 2024·云南·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。
5 2024·河南·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。
6 2024·天津·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了盐从哪里来的。
7 2024·福建·中考真题 阅读理解 介绍了了解海洋的重要性。
8 2024·天津·中考真题 短文填空 介绍“穴居人”的生活。
9 2024·重庆·中考真题 短文填空 介绍了充足睡眠的重要性。
10 2024·湖南长沙·中考真题 短文填空 介绍人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果这一习俗及背后的意义。
01
（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）
A theory of emotionTwo scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion.
A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”.
The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
1．What is the main finding of the new study
A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger.
C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger.
2．What can we learn about calming activities
A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate.
C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health.
3．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid
A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm.
C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly.
4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________.
They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings.
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。
02
（2024·山东东营·中考真题）
We’ve all seen pictures of camels carrying heavy loads (负载物) across the sandy desert. They walk without stopping for food or water for several days.
Have you ever wondered how they do it For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel’s back.
Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water. The hump is like a spare cupboard (备用食物柜) where the camel stores (储存) food and water for days when there is nothing to eat or drink.
When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat (脂防) and stored in the camel’s bump.
When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That’s why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water.
Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel’s blood cells (组胞).
Camels save water too. They never know when they’ll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies.
After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel’s hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis (绿洲), it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight.
Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life.
5．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The shape of the hump. B．The habit of the camel.
C．The function (功能) of the hump. D．The ability of the camel
6．Which is TRUE about the hump
A．The hump stores different kinds of food.
B．The hump always stays the same size.
C．The hump can store more than 130 litres water.
D．The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions.
7．What does the underlined word “sponges” mean
A．海绵 B．弹簧 C．水桶 D．吸管
8．Why docs the writer use some numbers in this passage
A．To explain the facts more clearly.
B．To express the ideas more politely.
C．To make the article more educational.
D．To make the language more beautiful.
9．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Camels have some amazing abilities.
B．Camels are good helpers for desert people.
C．Camels have a great quality of never wasting water.
D．Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert.
5．C 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活。
5．主旨大意题。根据“Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water...”可知本段主要介绍了驼峰的功能。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据“When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”可知当生活很好，有充足的食物和饮料时，骆驼的驼峰可以长到40公斤大，可见驼峰的重量取决于饮食条件。故选D。
7．词义猜测题。根据“Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”可知是像海绵一样，可以吸水，故此处划线部分意为“海绵”。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据“a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”“they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water.”“They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”以及“After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight.”可知这些数字更好地描述了骆驼的情况，即为了更准确地解释事实。故选A。
9．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活，即骆驼在沙漠中有一套完美的生活系统。故选D。
03
（2024·广东·中考真题）People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.
The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves.
Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens.
The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier.
10．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1
A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it.
C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list.
11．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken
A． B．
C． D．
12．How did the volunteers help with the research
A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens.
C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy.
13．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt.
14．What is the best title for the passage
A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens
C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers
10．D 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B
【导语】本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。
10．推理判断题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ... It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D “一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单” 符合语境，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。选项D符合 “快速而响亮的声音” 这一描述，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.”可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以……鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。联系前文可知，是为了识别鸡的情感，故选C。
14．最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。
04
（2024·云南·中考真题）All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment.
When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings.
Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple.
More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place!
15．What do we know about a green building
A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings.
C．It is designed by famous architects. D．It is built in an environment-friendly way.
16．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light
A．To save energy. B．To save materials.
C．To protect the plants. D．To protect the buildings.
17．What does the underlined word “conserve” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. D．Produce.
18．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3
A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples.
C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons.
19．What can be the best title for the text
A．Designing Buildings B．Going Green
C．Recycling Materials D．Using Energy
15．D 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．B
【导语】本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。
15．细节理解题。根据“A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment.”可知，绿色建筑是以对环境无害的方式设计的。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源，故选A。
17．词句猜测题。根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. ”可知，为了节约用水，绿色建筑的屋顶上可以有收集雨水的区域，厨房和浴室可以有洗池和马桶，所以是可以用洗池和马桶来节约水，划线单词表示“节约”。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge ‘living roof’ of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! ”可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨，故选B。
19．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容，强调环保，所以B项最适合做标题。故选B。
05
（2024·河南·中考真题）An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.
Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.
If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing Are they moving to higher ground This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
20．What is the old saying about
A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky.
C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work.
21．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean
A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV.
B．The persons who carry out research on natural history.
C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals.
D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions.
22．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2
A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather.
B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting.
C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather.
D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather.
23．What do we know from the last paragraph
A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places.
B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air.
C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure.
D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise.
24．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text
A．To encourage people to get close to nature.
B．To express the need for weather forecasting.
C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather.
D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is.
20．C 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。
20．细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。
21．词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。
25．D 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。
25．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。
29．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。
06
（2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt.
Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.
People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store.
25．Some early people got salt from ________.
A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks
26．Why did people put sea water in the sun
A．To get salt. B．To catch fish.
C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops.
27．How do people get salt from salt mines
A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground.
C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea.
28．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells
a. The salt is taken out of the salt water.
b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes.
c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe.
A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c
29．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt
C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need
20．C 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气。
20．细节理解题。根据“A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming.”可知，日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西方天空晴朗。日出时天空呈红色通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，因此暴风雨可能即将来临。所以这句谚语是关于天气的迹象，故选C。
21．词句猜测题。根据“But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前).”可知，提前发布准确的预报的应该是气象学家，故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. ... Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming.”可知，希腊人利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，气象学家使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预测，也可以看一下智能手机或打开电视来了解天气。所以作者在第二段通过介绍不同的天气预报方法展开他的观点，故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air.”可知，闻闻花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更强烈。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍利用自然界的迹象来预报天气，是在解释自然可以告诉我们天气情况。故选C。
25．D 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。
25．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。
29．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。
07
（2024·福建·中考真题）Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them. Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped, and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered.
So why do we know so little about the deep sea Well, getting to those depths is very difficult and requires high technology that simply didn’t come into being for most of human history. The first navigable submarine (可驾驶的潜水艇), for example, was built in 1620, and it couldn’t go more than five meters below the surface. In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore (探索) the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine. Ten years later, around 4, 700 species (物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered.
Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult Well, at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的), everything is completely dark, and the pressure can be over 1, 000 times greater than that on the surface.
Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas. They help control the earth’s temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2) in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate change. Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface.
30．Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1
A．To introduce how important oceans are.
B．To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out.
C．To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth.
D．To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans.
31．What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea
A．High technology. B．Unknown species.
C．A pleasant environment. D．Valuable information.
32．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Sea animals. B．The seas. C．The satellites. D．Many scientists.
33．What can we learn from the text
A．It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B．The seas have a strong influence on our future.
C．The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D．It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think.
34．What could be the best title of the text
A．Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B．Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea
C．Deep-Sea Exploration: Into the Freezing Depths D．Deep-Sea Exploration: The Past and the Future
30．D 31．A 32．B 33．B 34．C
【导语】本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。
30．推理判断题。根据“Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them.…”可知列举的数字表明，尽管海洋覆盖地球的71%，但是我们仍然知之甚少。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据“In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore the deep sea.”和“Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites.”可知探索深海需要高科技的帮助。故选A。
32．词义推断题。根据“Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas.”可知虽然我们有困难，但了解海洋是很重要的。此处they指代上文的seas。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface.”可知我们的未来取决于更多地了解我们的海洋，说明海洋对我们的未来有很大影响。故选B。
34．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了探索海洋的重要性，根据“Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult ”可知主要是介绍深海探究的现状，并不是过去与未来。故选C。
08
（2024·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters (遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 35 them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 36 for them. They had to move from place to place to s 37 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a 38 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的) food u 39 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c 40 their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 41 in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a 42 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 43 and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l 44 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized (文明的).
35．(p)rotect 36．(e)asy 37．(s)earch 38．(a)nything 39．(u)ntil 40．(c)over 41．(g)rew 42．(a)nimals 43．(f)armers 44．(l)arger
【导语】本文主要介绍“穴居人”的生活。
35．句意：这些“家”只是用作临时庇护所，保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害。根据“These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p... them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests.”可知，这些“家”保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害，protect“保护”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(p)rotect。
36．句意：这些“穴居人”通常生活在小群体中，生活对他们来说并不容易。根据“These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e... for them.”可知，生活对他们来说并不容易，easy“容易的”，在句中作表语，故填(e)asy。
37．句意：他们不得不从一个地方搬到另一个地方寻找食物。根据“They had to move from place to place to s... for food.”可知，他们不得不搬家寻找食物，search for“寻找”符合语境，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(s)earch。
38．句意：当他们找不到吃的东西时，他们会离开去找另一个合适的地方。根据“When they couldn’t find a... to eat, they would leave to find another proper place.”可知，找不到吃的东西时就会搬家，anything“任何东西”，用于否定句中，故填(a)nything。
39．句意：他们吃生的食物，直到学会如何生火。根据“They ate raw (生的) food u... they learnt how to make a fire.”可知，直到学会如何生火才不吃生的食物，until“直到”符合语境，故填(u)ntil。
40．句意：至于衣服，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体。根据“they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c... their bodies”可知，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体，cover“遮盖”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(c)over。
41．句意：他们收集了生长在森林中的野生植物的种子。根据“They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g... in the forests.”可知，收集生长在森林中的野生植物的种子，grow“生长”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(g)rew。
42．句意：他们还饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，以获取牛奶、肉和皮。根据“They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a... for milk, meat and skins.”可知，饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，animal“动物”，“other kinds of”修饰可数名词复数，故填(a)nimals。
43．句意：他们成了农民，只住在一个特定的地区。根据“They became f... and lived in only one certain area.”可知，他们成了农民，farmer“农民”，主语“They”是复数，故填(f)armers。
44．句意：他们的群体变得比以前更大，因为他们的生活更加稳定。根据“Their groups became l... than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives.”可知，他们的群体变得比以前更大，larger“更大的”，在句中作表语，故填(l)arger。
09
（2024·重庆·中考真题）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。
“Do you get enough sleep ” The answer is probably no if you ask a tired student who is always taking a nap (小睡) on a classroom desk. “I couldn’t get to sleep and experienced a restless night again.” You may often hear such words from an adult. Not having enough 45 is a common problem around the world.
However, sleep is just like food and water to us. 46 of us can live if we don’t sleep at all. Sleep experts say that an adult requires 7 to 9 hours of sleep a night and a teenager needs 8.5 to 9.5 hours. Anything less could be h 47 to our health.
According to a study, sleeping only five hours a night for a week is like having a blood-alcohol (酒精) level of 0.1 percent. That is above the safe driving limit (限制) in most countries. Most people probably wouldn’t take an exam or go to work if they get drunk. But 48 enough sleep, they still do these things. As a result, they 49 in the exams or perform badly at work. What’s worse, doctors and nurses often work long hours. When they are sleepy, they might hurt a patient or even 50 a patient’s death by accident.
51 sleep is so important, many people these days are not getting enough. In a survey, twenty percent say that daytime sleepiness influences their daily work. They feel it hard to pay full attention during the day. However, they don’t seem to care. Some even show off how energetic they can be the next day just with little sleep. It may be time to wake up and 52 the way we think. We should realize that not sleeping enough is a serious problem.
45．sleep 46．None 47．(h)armful 48．without 49．fail 50．cause 51．Though/Although 52．change
【导语】本文介绍了充足睡眠的重要性。
45．句意：睡眠不足是世界上一个普遍的问题。enough形容词，修饰名词，根据“Do you get enough sleep ”可知此处介绍睡眠不足的问题，sleep表示“睡眠”。故填sleep。
46．句意：如果不睡觉，我们不能生存。根据“if we don’t sleep at all”可知不睡觉，大家都不能生存，none of表示“没有”，强调三者或三者以上都不，位于句首，首字母大写。故填None。
47．句意：任何不足都可能对我们的健康有害。根据“Sleep experts say that an adult requires 7 to 9 hours of sleep a night and a teenager needs 8.5 to 9.5 hours.”可知此处介绍睡眠不足对健康有害，此空为形容词作表语，harmful表示“有害的”。故填(h)armful。
48．句意：但是没有充足的睡眠，他们仍然做这些事。根据“Most people probably wouldn’t take an exam or go to work if they get drunk.”可知饮酒不能做的事，但是没有充足的睡眠仍然会去做。介词without表示“没有”。故填without。
49．句意：结果他们考试失败或者在工作中表现不好。此空为谓语动词，根据“in the exams or perform badly at work.”可知此处指考试失败，fail表示“失败”，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填fail。
50．句意：当他们困了的时候，他们可能会伤害病人，甚至意外导致病人的死亡。or连接并列的动词原形，根据“a patient’s death by accident.”可知此处指意外导致人死亡，cause表示“引起”。故填cause。
51．句意：尽管睡眠如此重要，现在很多人也没有充足睡眠。根据“sleep is so important, many people these days are not getting enough.”可知此句是让步状语从句，用though或although引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Though/Although。
52．句意：也许是时候醒过来，改变我们的思维方式了。and连接并列的动词原形，根据“We should realize that not sleeping enough is a serious problem.”可知此处指改变“我们”的思维方式，change表示“改变”。故填change。
10
（2024·湖南长沙·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese New Year is a great celebration. It 53 (mark) the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. According to tradition, people like to give flowers and fruits 54 each other during Chinese New Year, because they carry many special 55 (meaning). They represent (象征) the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings,
Orchids (兰花) come in many colors, but many people like purple and red ones for Chinese New Year. They are believed 56 (represent) love and beauty. Orchids say, “Wish you to be 57 (luck), successful and happy.” During the holiday period, this plant is a must.
Peonies (牡丹) are like soft clouds in pink, red and white. They are beautiful and can brighten up someone’s day. Red peonies 58 (give) to people to show love and care. Peonies say, “You are special to me.” They are also a symbol of wealth and 59 (rich).
Kumquats (金橘), with 60 (they) golden color, ate a symbol of wealth and luck. The Chinese word for “kumquat” sounds like “gold orange”, which connects kumquats with richness. This small fruit tree is often presented in pairs.
The apple, with its bright colors 61 round shape, represents peace and harmony (和谐). In fact, the word for “apple” in Chinese sounds like “peace”. 62 (certain), apples make great gifts.
53．marks 54．to 55．meanings 56．to represent 57．lucky 58．are given 59．richness 60．their 61．and 62．Certainly
【导语】本文主要介绍人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果这一习俗及背后的意义。
53．句意：它标志着冬天的结束和春天的开始。时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单，故填marks。
54．句意：根据传统，人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果，因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。give sth to sb“给某人某物”，故填to。
55．句意：根据传统，人们喜欢在春节期间互赠鲜花和水果，因为它们承载着许多特殊的含义。many修饰可数名词复数，故填meanings。
56．句意：人们认为它们代表着爱和美。be believed to do sth“被相信做某事”，故填to represent。
57．句意：兰花的意思是：“祝你幸运、成功、快乐。”此处在句中作表语，用其形容词形式，故填lucky。
58．句意：红色的牡丹是用来表示爱和关心的。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态be done，主语是复数，be动词用are，故填are given。
59．句意：它们也是财富和富裕的象征。此处与wealth并列，用名词形式，故填richness。
60．句意：金黄色的金橘被认为是财富和幸运的象征。此处作定语修饰其后的名词，用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
61．句意：苹果颜色鲜艳，形状圆润，象征着和平与和谐。前后构成并列关系，用and连接，故填and。
62．句意：当然，苹果是很好的礼物。此处在句中修饰整个句子，用副词Certainly放句首，故填Certainly。
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