中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
主题一：学习生活与职业发展
一、任务型阅读
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). 1． No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典)I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2． Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
3． It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Ox ford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2, 672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163, 000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4． However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work, "wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5． A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context
C. But I still don't want to replace them
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
【答案】1．F；2．B；3．E；4．A；5．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 本文主要内容为：虽然并非所有伟大的作家都是优秀的拼写者，但想要出版作品，提交一份完美、专业呈现的稿件至关重要。作者强调了校对和参考书籍的重要性，并分享了个人使用纸质字典和同义词词典的偏好。字典不仅用于拼写，还能提供精确的定义、发音、词源和用法示例，阅读字典也是一种愉悦的体验。
A. 我不经常用这本字典。
B. 它不考虑上下文
C. 但我还是不想换
D. 但是字典读起来是一种乐趣。
E. 当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。
F. 这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。
G. 字典并不总是能给你足够的信息。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
1．选项F" That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误"补充说明了空格前句" If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的"中的"a perfect, professionally presented manuscript"是"good grammar and no spelling mistakes语法正确，没有拼写错误的"，故选F。
2．根据空个前句"I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器"，结合选项，可知空格处应是给出了不信任电脑上的拼写检查器的原因，所以选项B"It takes no account of the context它不考虑上下文"衔接上文，符合题意要求，故选B。
3．选项E"Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling 当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的"引出了空格后句"It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来"，说明了词典的作用，使下文意思紧密衔接，故选E。
4．根据空格后句" However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了"，可知空格处应是说自己不常用Shorter Ox ford Dictionary这本词典，这与选项A"I don't often use this dictionary我不经常用这本字典"意思相同，并且选项A引出了后句中对这本词典的使用方法的介绍，故选A。
5．根据空格后句"A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验"，结合选项，可知选项D"But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read但是字典读起来是一种乐趣"与后句紧密连接，意思一致，故选D。
（2024·浙江） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 6． But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 7．
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 8． "I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule, " says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you're a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 9． He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
10． A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【答案】6．G；7．F；8．A；9．D；10．E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在线学习的注意事项。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6．根据空前"In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience."在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分。可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟"这种现象的具体表现"有关的话题， G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. "一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。"承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
7．根据空前"But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you "但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade "如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
8．根据空前"The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. "在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习。可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟"学习时间"有关的话题， A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines. "但这并不意味着没有最后期限。"与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合语境，故选A。
9．根据空后"He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades."他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低。可知，本空要说跟"在线老师"有关的话题， D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. "Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课"引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的"Alex Davidson教授"，符合语境。故选D。
10．根据空后"A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts."社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念。可知，本空要说跟"人们之间的互动"有关的话题， E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. " 对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。"引起下文，符合语境。故选E。
二、语法填空
（2024·浙江） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra 11． (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 12． you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 13． will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's 14． they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing "buy one get one free" promotions because of the 15． (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 16． (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 17． (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 18． (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 19． other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 20． (one) may yet come out with a whole range of "just for you" pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】11．to benefit；12．or；13．that/which；14．what；15．criticism；16．be offered；17．have started；18．designed；19．the；20．ones
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，连词，定语从句，表语从句，名词，被动语态，时态，冠词，代词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据"buying extra"和"from price reductions"可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
12．句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...固定短语，"要么……要么……"，故填or。
13．句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。 will make them the most money 是限制性定语从句，先行词为way，在从句中作主语。所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
14．句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。 they'll promote 是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
15．句意：许多超市不再进行"买一送一"的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据"that they lead to waste"可知，此处应用名词criticism表示"批评"作宾语。故填criticism。
16．句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。此处是谓语动词，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
17．句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语"Over the last two years"可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填have started。
18．句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。design和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语。故填designed。
19．句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other固定短语，"另一个"，故填the。
20．句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列"只为你"的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为"一个人"，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
三、完形填空
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I've been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 21． a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 22． , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 23． for a "super, "referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles. To be honest, I 24． it! Between the girl making my 25． seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 26． I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 27． cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 28． of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 29． her bike and went for a ride. The 30． : The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such 31． . That day, I got 32． by about 100"local"bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 33． .
I've 34． a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever 35． I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
21．A． knew B． held C． won D． quit
22．A． regularly B． silently C． proudly D． recently
23．A． asking B． looking C． waiting D． training
24．A． made B． believed C． hated D． deserved
25．A． advantage B． achievement C． contribution D． influence
26．A． way B． risk C． place D． reason
27．A． gave up B． went on C． turned to D． dealt with
28．A． heard B． dreamed C． complained D． approved
29．A． painted B． borrowed C． bought D． parked
30．A． problem B． secret C． principle D． advice
31．A． dangers B． events C． opponents D． challenges
32．A． passed B． convinced C． admired D． stopped
33．A． reliable B． convenient C． familiar D． appealing
34．A． traveled B． matured C． missed D． worried
35．A． limits B． dates C． goals D． tests
【答案】21．C；22．A；23．D；24．C；25．B；26．D；27．C；28．B；29．B；30．A；31．D；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文， 讲述了作者的一生都受到他人成就的激励和打击。年轻时，作者受到邻居朋友完成马拉松的激励开始跑步，但随后被另一位女孩的超级马拉松成绩和自己的无聊感所打击，放弃了跑步。接着，作者转向骑自行车，并在开始时感到满意，但在一次骑行中遇到了从未有过的挑战，被当地的自行车手超越，这让作者再次感到沮丧。最后，作者意识到无论设定什么目标，都应该是自己的，而不是受他人成就的影响。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意：我十几岁的时候，邻居的一个朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held举行；C. won赢；D. quit放弃。根据下句中的"Feeling motivated有了动力"，结合选项，可知此处让作者有动力的是邻居的一个朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，故选C。
22．句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly定期地；B. silently安静地；C. proudly骄傲地；D. recently最近。根据空格前的"I started running我开始跑步"，结合选项，可知作者受到邻居朋友的影响，开始有规律地跑步，故选A。
23．句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为"超级"马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双人马拉松。A. asking问；B. looking看；C. waiting等；D. training训练。根据空格后的"a "super, "referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon"超级"马拉松，指的是52.4英里的双人马拉松，结合选项，可知此处是指女孩在为超级马拉松进行训练，故选D。
24．句意：说实话，我讨厌它！A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据第6空后的 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me如果有条大狗追着我跑，我才会再跑，可知作者不喜欢跑步了，故选C。
25．句意：那个女孩让我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定，我再次跑步的唯一原因就是有只大狗在后面追我！A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据上半句中的"my longest run-15 miles我最长的一次跑是15英里"，结合选项，可知15公里的长跑是作者的成就，故选B。
26．句意：那个女孩让我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定，我再次跑步的唯一原因就是有只大狗在后面追我！A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason原因。上文提到，作者因为那位女孩，讨厌跑步，所以除非遇到危险，即有只大狗在后面追赶，这是让作者重新跑步的原因，故选D。
27．句意：于是我转向骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。上文提到作者放弃了跑步；根据空格后的cycling，可知作者转向了骑行，故选C。
28．句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved同意。根据上句"I got a good bike and rode a lot我买了一辆好自行车，骑了很多次"，结合选项，可知作者梦想参加骑行比赛，故选B。
29．句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted画；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停放。根据上文she was at work one day有一天她在上班，结合下文，可知作者借了妹妹的自行车骑行，故选B。
30．句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据下半句The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time那里的路穿过很大的山谷，我每次都要骑上坡好几英里，这对作者来说是个大问题，故选A。
31．句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据上句中的The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time那里的路穿过很大的山谷，我每次都要骑上坡好几英里，结合选项，可知作者的此次骑行面临巨大的挑战，故选D。
32．句意：那天，我被大约100名"当地"骑自行车的人身边经过，他们已经习惯了这种道路。A. passed通过；B. convinced相信；C. admired钦佩；D. stopped停止。根据上文，作者的此次骑行，面对这巨大的挑战和问题，所以此处试着作者被很多人超越了，故选A。
33．句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可靠的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing有吸引力的。此次骑行，使作者备受打击，原来对骑行的喜爱现在看来夜没那么有吸引力了，故选D。
34．句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured成熟；C. missed错过；D. worried担心。根据下句话 I've come to accept that whatever 15 I set for myself, they just have to be my own我已经开始接受，无论我为自己设定了什么，它们都必须是我自己的，结合选项，可知作者因为上文提到的两次经历，变得成熟了，故选B。
35．句意：我已经开始接受，无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据上文，作者每次的目标都因受到周围人的影响而被迫放弃，所以文章最后作者开始接受无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标，故选C。
四、阅读理解
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
"I didn't like the ending," I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end - that's hard. It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters.
That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won't tell you what your ending should be - that's up to you and the story you're telling - but it might provide what you need to get there.
36．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie
A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report.
C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list.
37．What did the author realize after seeing Prof Gracie
A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B．Readers are often carried away by characters
C．Each type of literature has its unique ending
D．A story which begins well will end well
38．What is expected of a good ending
A．It satisfies readers' taste.
B．It fits with the story development.
C．It is usually positive.
D．It is open for imagination.
39．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims
A．To give examples of great novelists.
B．To stress the theme of this issue.
C．To encourage writing for the magazine.
D．To recommend their new books.
【答案】36．A
37．C
38．B
39．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 文章主要讲述作者在大学时读了一本维多利亚时代的小说，对结局不满意。教授Gracie建议作者理解一个结局是否符合角色的命运和故事逻辑更重要。这次经历让作者重新思考了如何看待故事结局。之后，作者学会了根据偏好选择不同类型的书籍来阅读。但作家创作一个合适的结局很难，因为结局对读者意义重大。《作家文摘》这期讨论了如何为不同故事创作最佳结局，提供了技巧和经典小说结局的分析，帮助作家找到创作方法。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，推断出需要的信息。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段中的"and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not当时我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢"，可知作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论一本小说的结局，故选A。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段最后的" Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them当然，我更希望汤姆和玛吉·特利佛有一个不同的结局，但他们得到的结局对他们来说是最合理的"和第二段"This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本悬疑小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了"，可知见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种文学都有其独特的结局，故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters这对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说太重要了。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但似乎不是凭空而来的，一个适合角色的结局"，可知一个好的结局需要平衡创造性和不可预测性，同时又不能显得突兀，还需要符合角色的发展，故选B。
39．推理判断题。由第四段"That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work这就是为什么本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在做的任何一种写作写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，Peter Mountford给出了六种技巧，你可以试着看看哪一种能帮助你坚持着落。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了什么关键点，以及你如何将它们改编成你的作品"，可知作者提到Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了说明本期《Writer's Digest》杂志的主题，即帮助读者了解如何写出一个好的结尾，故选B。
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution（变革）.
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
40．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
41．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A．It is packed with complex codes.
B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It provides step-by-step instructions.
D．It is intended for AI professionals.
42．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
43． What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】40．D
41．B
42．C
43．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍Catriona Campbell撰写的《AI by Design》，是关于如何应对AI革命挑战的实用指南。它强调了对AI控制的重要性，并呼吁现在采取行动，避免潜在的风险。该书建议全球监管和结构化思考，以实现AI带来的益处。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推理判断题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思。
40．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的"such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但谢天谢地，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容"，结合选项，可知"In the wrong hands"应是与选项D"If translated by someone unacademic如果是由非学术人士翻译的"意思相近，故选D。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI她从一个商业人士(而非学者)的实际角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明"，可知AI by Design采用了一种接地气的写作风格，故选B。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话"She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有可能被边缘化，甚至更糟"和第四段中的"Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it坎贝尔的观点是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人——科技公司和世界领导人——这样他们就能与目前所有开发人工智能的专家站在同一条战线上"，可知关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力使AI处于控制中，故选C。
43．推理判断题。根据第一段"Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living withArtificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这就是人工智能设计:与人工智能生活的计划。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔(Catriona Campbell)撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战"，可知文章主要介绍了一本关于人工智能的书，故选A。
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod（容器）to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. "We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment," said a BMF employee.
44．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day-to-day care.
C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
D．It relies on farmer's markets.
45．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real-time weather changes.
B．Current condition of the plants.
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D．Availability of pre-seeded pods.
46．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
47．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards.
【答案】44．C
45．B
46．D
47．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF），是一个室内花园系统，可以安装在家庭、医院、餐厅或学校等场所，利用新技术和云监控实现自动化植物种植，通过精确供水减少水资源消耗，并提供实时生长数据。该系统缩短了食品从产地到餐桌的距离，减少了运输排放，无需使用农药和其他化学物质，同时BMF员工也致力于可持续生活方式，如步行或骑自行车上班、鼓励回收和减少垃圾。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题、和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题需要根据关键词从文中找出答案；推断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；主旨题则需要考生掌握全文结构和行文脉络，重点关注每段的中心句或首句，利用关键词获取主旨大意。
44．细节理解题。根据第一段中的"While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场(BMF)甚至缩短了旅程"，可知巴比伦微型农场(BMF)缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离，故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants此外，还有一个方便的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据。由于该系统是自动化的，它大大减少了种植植物所需的水量"，可知这块方便的应用程序提供植物的目前状况，故选B。
46．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少废物"和"We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学物质"，可知巴比伦微型农场(BMF)的员工有着强烈的环保意识，故选D。
47．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段首句"Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology具体来说，这是一个依靠新技术的农场"、第四段首句"Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad此外，在同一栋建筑里有一个系统，这意味着从土壤到沙拉的零排放"和最后一段首句"BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday livesBMF员工在日常生活中践行可持续发展"，可知文章主要介绍了巴比伦微型农场的优势，故选A。
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often "no. " The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态)and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis(假说). " According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print
Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologies -say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing leaning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
48．What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
49．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly.
D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
50．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention
B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills.
D．They are more informative than text.
51．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】48．D
49．D
50．A
51．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文， 文章主要讨论了阅读屏幕上的文本与阅读纸质文本在理解上存在差异，同样地，听和看内容与阅读书面文字在覆盖相同材料时的效果也不尽相同。这主要是因为阅读屏幕内容时，人们容易分心、以娱乐心态对待且倾向于多任务处理。研究表明，长文本的阅读在纸质上通常比屏幕上更有效，这与纸张的物理特性和人们的心理态度有关。此外，音频和视频虽然感觉更具吸引力，但成人在阅读新闻故事时，比听或看相同内容更能记住更多内容。因此，虽然数字文本、音频和视频在教育上都有其作用，但在需要高度精神集中和反思的情况下，纸质文本仍然是最佳选择。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题两种常考题型，细节理解题要注意通过关键词从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要考生根据关键词，结合语境推断出所需要的信息；词义猜测题需要对已有信息进行加工处理，利用上下文、表示转折、并列或因果的词、定语从句等信息推断出词的意思。
48．词义猜测题。根据划线词前的"When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现"，和划线词后的"when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时"，可知阅读文本的好处在实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时变得非常明了，故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据第四段中的" According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print根据这一理论，人们接触数字文本时的心态与社交媒体相适应，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，而且比阅读纸质书时投入的脑力更少"，可知 the shallowing hypothesis认为数字文本适用于社交媒体，故选D。
50．细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologie音频和视频比文本更吸引人，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术"，可知音频和视频能更吸引大学生的注意力，故选A。
51．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing leaning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是在提供印刷版无法获得的资源时。然而，为了最大限度地学习需要精神集中和反思的地方，教育者不应该假设所有的媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的单词"，可知在最后一段中作者省略的意思是印刷文本在教育中不能完全被取代，故选C。
五、改错题
52．（2024·全国甲卷） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改 10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.
【答案】1. but改成and
2.me改成mine
3.packing改成packed
4. A改成An (an attendant)
5.went straight和a 之间 加 to (went straight to a famous)
6.greatly 改成 great (tasted great)
7.here 改成 there
8.enjoyed 改成enjoyable
9.this 去掉(like this in one中的this 去掉)
10.shared改成share
【解析】【分析】文章大意： 上周，我在电视上看到重庆火锅，很感兴趣，就和朋友去了重庆。火车上人多，但有乘务员给我们介绍。到了重庆，我们去了一家火锅店，菜很好吃，氛围也很好。火锅是和家人朋友一起吃，一起分享的食物。
（1）句意：我很好奇，就和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。根据句意，可知句中形容词curious和planned是并列关系，意"我很好奇并且计划了……"，故but改为and。
（2）句意：我很好奇，就和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。a friend of mine是固定短语，意"我的一个朋友"，故me改为mine。
（3）句意：我们的快车上挤满了乘客。根据句意，可知句子主语"Our fast train"和谓语动词"pack"构成被动关系，意"快车被挤满了乘客"，应使用被动语态，故packing改为packed。
（4）句意：一位服务员给了我们一些关于重庆的旅游手册。attendant是元音开头的单词，所以其前应使用不定冠词an，故A改为An。
（5）句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。go to sp是固定短语，意"去某地"；句中"a famous restaurant"是表示地点的名词，不及物动词go后常用介词to，再接表示地点的名词，故went straight和a 之间 加 to。
（6）句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。感官动词tasted后应使用形容词，构成"系表结构"，故greatly改为great。
（7）句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更愉快了。通读全文，可知文章介绍的是发生在上周的事情，所以作者此刻不在文中提到的餐馆，不应该使用here，故here改为there。
（8）句意：这里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。根据句意，可知"enjoyed"在句中作宾语补足语，表示"愉快的，愉悦的"，故enjoyed改为enjoyable。
（9）句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。定语从句 they like this中被省略的关系代词that/which指代先行词everything，而从句中的只是代词this指代的也是everything，构成了定语从句中的重复指代，故删除this。
（10）句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。句中的and连接了三个并列的谓语动词，其中的sit和dip都是一般现在时态，故shared改为share。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题涉及非谓语动词、时态、形容词、定语从句、主语从句介词、固定短语的知识点的考查，是一篇应用文，知识点覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
一、任务型阅读
（2023·全国甲卷） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer. 1． .
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right ai our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2． . "Showing thankfulness can foster self-control," said Ye Li, researcher at the University of Califormia.
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most "feel good" option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3． . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
4．
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, " 5． ." You'll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】1．G；2．E；3．B；4．C；5．F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何变得有耐心的一些建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
1．根据空前"Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer. "这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个。可知，此处说明谜语的答案， G. They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience "在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心"，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
2．根据空前"Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic."感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观；以及空后"'Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,' said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. "加州大学的研究员叶丽说："表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。"可知此空继续说明感恩的好处， E. It can also help us practice more patience "它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心"，承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
3．根据空前"And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. "我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习；以及空后"Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. "把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕。列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待， B. Start with small tasks "从小任务开始"符合语境，故选B。
4．根据空后"So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances."我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。介绍了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合上面的的小标题都是祈使句 ，C. Accept the uncomfortable "接受不舒服"符合语境，故选C。
5．根据空后"You should learn to say to yourself "你应该学会对自己说；以及空后"You'll then gradually become more patient."然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心。可推知本段说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，此处与接受不舒服相关，F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable"这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受"符合语境，故选F。
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 6． You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths." 7． Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading "Acts of kindness." On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 8．
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 9．
That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. 10． We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】6．D；7．B；8．F；9．C；10．G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种自我原谅的方法。
A. 一点点的自我原谅也会有很长的路要走。
B. 现在列出所有你喜欢自己的特点。
C. 他们甚至可能想尝试一下做这个练习。
D. 宽恕自己也同样重要。
E. 这并不意味着你必须忽略发生的事情或忘记它。
F. 不管它是什么，不管它看起来有多小，把它写下来。
G. 不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符合来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出其他选项表达完全同意思的句子，这样的话就可以直接将该选项排除。
6．空格后的句子"You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点"中的this指代的内容与选项D相符合，且该选项与空格前句句意连贯，即"人都会犯错。原谅自己很重要"，故选D。
7．根据空格前的"Personal strengths个人优点"和空格后句中" just aspects of your personality that you're proud of只是你个性中让你引以为傲的方面"，可知空格处应是与个人表现好的方面有关，结合选项，可知选项B中的the characteristics you like about yourself与该段意思契合，使上下文通顺、连贯，故选B。
8．根据该段的关键词"Acts of kindness善举"，结合选项与空格前的"帮朋友完成作业、熨衣服、烤饼干"，可知选项F"不管它是什么，不管它看起来有多小，把它写下来"与上文衔接紧密，故选F。
9．选项C中的they指代空格前句中的a friend or family member，并且空格后的"That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through这样，你们就可以交换想法，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪耀的方面"与选项C意思连贯，故选C。
10．空格后句" We're all changing and learning all the time我们一直都在变化和学习"，与选项G中的"isn't a fixed aspect不是一个固定的方面"相匹配，故选G。
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
● Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 11． You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
● Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 12．
● Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 13． Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
● 14． Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 15． Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don't throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】11．C；12．G；13．A；14．D；15．E
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，属于七选五，解题关键在看懂文章，注意上下文的提示词或重复的关键词，认真阅读选项，选出恰当的答案，最后再通读全文进行检查。
11．根据上文Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 从小细节开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板。以及后文You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come. 你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步。可知空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，选项C. Don't throw away your beginner art. 要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品。符合文意，故答案为C。
12．根据上文Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制。可知本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，选项G.You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆。是对前文的总结符合文意，故答案为G。
13．根据空白处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，再根据上文Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 不断挑战自己，尝试新事物。以及后文Artistic growth can be a bit painful. 艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦"可知选项 A. Get out of your comfort zone. 走出你的舒适区。是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系根据 ，符合文意，故答案为A。
14．根据空白处位于段首，是本段的中心句，再根据下文Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. 寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重。可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，选项D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品。符合文意，是本段的中心句；根故答案为D。
15．根据空白处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路。以及下文Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. 坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报。可知选项 E. You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times. 你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)。是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系，符合文意思；故答案为E。
二、阅读理解
（2023·全国甲卷）阅读理解
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philososphy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the centext(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book abour learning touse philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their massages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
16．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder D．A college teacher.
17．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner's book.
18．What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A．Its views on history are well-presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
19．What does the author think of Weiner's book
A．Objective and plain. B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Humorous and straightforward
【答案】16．C
17．D
18．B
19．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在13岁时作者开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱，并通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导人们花时间去看一看这本书。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
16．考查细节理解。根据第一段"I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学)."我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。
17．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. "Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。
18．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life."这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
19．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"He makes philosopical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor."他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)可知，Weiners的书很幽默；以及最后一段中的"The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. "The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。可推知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
20．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
21．What does the underlined word "declutter" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
22．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
23．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】20．B
21．A
22．C
23．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
主题一：学习生活与职业发展
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(原稿). 1． No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典)I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 2． Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
3． It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Ox ford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2, 672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163, 000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 4． However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work, "wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". 5． A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context
C. But I still don't want to replace them
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
（2024·浙江） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 6． But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 7．
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 8． "I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule, " says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you're a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 9． He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
10． A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
二、语法填空
（2024·浙江） 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you're shopping for one, buying extra 11． (benefit) from price reductions doesn't make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 12． you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 13． will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's 14． they'll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing "buy one get one free" promotions because of the 15． (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 16． (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn't want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 17． (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 18． (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 19． other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 20． (one) may yet come out with a whole range of "just for you" pack sizes with special offers as well.
三、完形填空
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
I've been motivated-and demotivated-by other folks' achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 21． a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 22． , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 23． for a "super, "referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run-15 miles. To be honest, I 24． it! Between the girl making my 25． seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 26． I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I 27． cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 28． of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 29． her bike and went for a ride. The 30． : The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such 31． . That day, I got 32． by about 100"local"bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as 33． .
I've 34． a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever 35． I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
21．A． knew B． held C． won D． quit
22．A． regularly B． silently C． proudly D． recently
23．A． asking B． looking C． waiting D． training
24．A． made B． believed C． hated D． deserved
25．A． advantage B． achievement C． contribution D． influence
26．A． way B． risk C． place D． reason
27．A． gave up B． went on C． turned to D． dealt with
28．A． heard B． dreamed C． complained D． approved
29．A． painted B． borrowed C． bought D． parked
30．A． problem B． secret C． principle D． advice
31．A． dangers B． events C． opponents D． challenges
32．A． passed B． convinced C． admired D． stopped
33．A． reliable B． convenient C． familiar D． appealing
34．A． traveled B． matured C． missed D． worried
35．A． limits B． dates C． goals D． tests
四、阅读理解
（2024·全国甲卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
"I didn't like the ending," I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end - that's hard. It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters.
That's why this issue (期)of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing. If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won't tell you what your ending should be - that's up to you and the story you're telling - but it might provide what you need to get there.
36．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie
A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report.
C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list.
37．What did the author realize after seeing Prof Gracie
A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B．Readers are often carried away by characters
C．Each type of literature has its unique ending
D．A story which begins well will end well
38．What is expected of a good ending
A．It satisfies readers' taste.
B．It fits with the story development.
C．It is usually positive.
D．It is open for imagination.
39．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims
A．To give examples of great novelists.
B．To stress the theme of this issue.
C．To encourage writing for the magazine.
D．To recommend their new books.
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution（变革）.
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
40．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．If read by someone poorly educated.
B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C．If written by someone less competent.
D．If translated by someone unacademic.
41．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A．It is packed with complex codes.
B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C．It provides step-by-step instructions.
D．It is intended for AI professionals.
42．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A．Observe existing regulations on it.
B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
43． What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI.
B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI.
D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm（BMF）shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod（容器）to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions（排放）from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. "We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment," said a BMF employee.
44．What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A．It guarantees the variety of food.
B．It requires day-to-day care.
C．It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
D．It relies on farmer's markets.
45．What information does the convenient app offer
A．Real-time weather changes.
B．Current condition of the plants.
C．Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D．Availability of pre-seeded pods.
46．What can be concluded about BMF employees
A．They have a great passion for sports.
B．They are devoted to community service.
C．They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D．They have a strong environmental awareness.
47．What does the text mainly talk about
A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards.
（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often "no. " The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态)and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks-like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis(假说). " According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print
Audio(音频)and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly tum to these technologies -say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing leaning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
48．What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain.
C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice.
49．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A．Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B．Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C．People select digital texts randomly.
D．Digital texts are suitable for social media.
50．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A．They can hold students' attention
B．They are more convenient to prepare.
C．They help develop advanced skills.
D．They are more informative than text.
51．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
五、改错题
52．（2024·全国甲卷） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改 10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.
（2023·全国甲卷） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There's one answer. 1． .
In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right ai our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
Practice gratitude(感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2． . "Showing thankfulness can foster self-control," said Ye Li, researcher at the University of Califormia.
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most "feel good" option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3． . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You'll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
4．
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, " 5． ." You'll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. 6． You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading "Personal strengths." 7． Are you caring Creative Generous A good listener Fun to be around They don't have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading "Acts of kindness." On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 8．
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 9．
That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this — it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. 10． We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
● Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 11． You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.
● Paint often and paint from life. There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 12．
● Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 13． Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club; we've all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
● 14． Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 15． Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don't throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
二、阅读理解
（2023·全国甲卷）阅读理解
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philososphy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the centext(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book abour learning touse philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their massages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
16．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A．Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder D．A college teacher.
17．Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner's book.
18．What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A．Its views on history are well-presented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
19．What does the author think of Weiner's book
A．Objective and plain. B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Humorous and straightforward
（2023·新高考I卷）阅读理解
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
20．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
21．What does the underlined word "declutter" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear-up. B．Add-on. C．Check-in. D．Take-over.
22．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models. B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples. D．Historical analyses.
23．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed. B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects. D．Identify the ideas behind them.
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this "book of books," artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, "off-line" activity.
24．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing.
C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings.
25．What are the selected artworks about
A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school.
C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure.
26．What do the underlined words "relate to" in paragraph 2 mean
A．Understand. B．Paint. C．Seize. D．Transform.
27．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A．The printed book is not totally out of date.
B．Technology has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D．People now rarely have the patience to read.
一、完形填空
（2021·浙江）完形填空
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 1． on the Internet and
discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 2． myself on a plane
to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 3． at the thought of
living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen
minutes of 4． , my worries had gone.
Everyone was so 5． and like-minded that it was
very 6． to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first
8-day 7． . We had to 8． everything we needed and walk
three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 9． way but in 35℃ heat and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 10． a stairway out of
rock. This 11． climbing up and down the side
of a mountain inhabited (栖息)
by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never 12． .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 13． of knowing that my 14． will be on that mountainside
for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 15． in a thunderstorm.
I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was
close to 16． . I had to spend the rest of
the night trembling in the only 17． part of my tent.
18． , I suffered a
lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 19． . I think I am much 20． for having taken part in the
project.
1．A．calculate B．negotiate C．advertise D．research
2．A．imagined B．introduced C．enjoyed D．found
3．A．annoyed B．surprised C．scared D．excited
4．A．arriving B．sleeping C．thinking D．walking
5．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
6．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
7．A．tour B．project C．campaign D．course
8．A．drop B．make C．carry D．buy
9．A．nice B．safe C．long D．quick
10．A．build B．test C．clean D．guard
11．A．helped B．ended C．allowed D．meant
12．A．hunted B．trained C．seen D．fed
13．A．satisfaction B．ambition C．expectation D．intention
14．A．work B．memory C．record D．story
15．A．left B．caught C．attacked D．separated
16．A．boiling B．average C．normal D．freezing
17．A．tidy B．dry C．new D．soft
18．A．By the way B．Regardless of that
C．Needless to say D．In either case
19．A．survived B．resisted C．escaped D．recovered
20．A．smarter B．stronger C．happier D．busier
二、阅读理解
（2021·浙江）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
We
live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes'
walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my
children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare
at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four
and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television
and using the Internet.
In
the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun
coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker
David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached
to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his
three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something
needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself
"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set
about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was
Project Wild Thing, a film which charts
the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of
getting children out into nature.
"Just
five more minutes outdoors can make a difference," David Bond says.
"There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be
suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being
outdoors will be a habit for life." His own children have got into the
habit of playing outside now: "We just send them out into the garden and
tell them not to come back in for a while."
Summer
is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as
much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
21．What is the problem with the author's children
A．They often annoy the neighbours.
B．They are tired of doing their homework.
C．They have no friends to play with.
D．They stay in front of screens for too long.
22．How did David Bond advocate his idea
A．By making a documentary film. B．By organizing outdoor activities.
C．By advertising in London media. D．By creating a network of friends.
23．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2
A．records B．predicts C．delays D．confirms
24．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Let Children Have Fun
B．Young Children Need More Free Time
C．Market Nature to Children
D．David Bond: A Role Model for Children
（2021·全国甲）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Who is
a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state
clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for
genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius
itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative
than the rest of us And who are they
In the
sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of
European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is
written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the
genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women,
or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected
by others.
A study
recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely
than boys to say that members of their gender（性别）are
"really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on
that belief Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for
children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford to
have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a
genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's
the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all
positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look,
the more we will see that social factors（因素）like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer
says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity,
perseverance（毅力）, and simple good
fortune, who are able to change the world."
25．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.
C．They're objective. D．They're strict.
26．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
27．Why are more geniuses known to the public
A．Improved global communication.
B．Less discrimination against women.
C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D．Changes in people's social positions.
28．What is the best title for the text
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
一、完形填空
1．（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since
our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our
sliding glass door is just a window. The （1） is
obvious. If we （2） it is a door, they'll want to go outside （3） . It will drive us crazy. The kids
apparently know the （4） . But our insisting it's （5） a
window has kept them from （6） millions of requests to open the door.
I
hate lying to the kids. One day they'll （7） and
discover that everything they've always known about windows is a （8） .I wonder if （9） should always tell the truth no matter the （10） .
I have a very strong （11） that the lie we're telling is doing （12） damage to our children. Windows and doors have
（13） metaphorical (比喻)
meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they absolutely know is a door.
What if later in （14） they come to a metaphorical door, like an
opportunity (机会) of some sort, and （15） opening the door and taking the opportunity,
they just （16） it
and wonder, "What if it isn't a door " That is, "What if it isn't
a （17） opportunity "
Maybe it's an
unreasonable fear. But the （18） is
that I shouldn't lie to my kids. I should just （19） repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't
go outside now." Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real
or metaphorical, they won't （20） to
open them and walk through.
（1）A．relief B．target C．reason D．case
（2）A．admit B．believe C mean
C．realize
（3）A．gradually B．constantly C．temporarily D．casually
（4）A．result B．danger C．method D．truth
（5）A．merely B．slightly C．hardly D．partly
（6）A．reviewing B．approving C．receiving D．attempting
（7）A．win out B．give up C．wake up D．stand out
（8）A．dream B．lie C．fantasy D．fact
（9）A．parents B．twins C．colleagues D．teachers
（10）A．restrictions B．explanations C．differences D．consequences
（11）A．demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt
（12）A．physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral
（13）A．traditional B．important C．double D．original
（14）A．life B．time C．reply D．history
（15）A．by comparison
with B．in addition to
C．regardless
of D．instead of
（16）A．get hold of B．stare at C．knock on D．make use of
（17）A．real B．typical C．similar D．limited
（18）A．safety rule B．comfort zone C．bottom line D．top secret
（19）A．delay B．regret C．enjoy D．accept
（20）A．hurry B．decide C．hesitate D．intend
二、阅读理解
2．（2020·天津）阅读理解
After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.
Together, these deep human urges (驱策力) count for much more that ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why Why Why "
Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.
"The great man," said Mencius (孟子), "is he who does not lose his child's heart." Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. How she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time That's good because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too old Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
（1）In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．propose a definition B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion D．present an argument
（2）What does the example of Galileo tell us
A．Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B．Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C．Creativity results from challenging authority.
D．Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
（3）What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent
A．Observe the unknown around you. B．Develop a questioning mind.
C．Lead a life of adventure. D．Follow the fashion.
（4）What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7
A．Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B．The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C．Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D．You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
（5）What could be the best title or the passage
A．Curious Minds Never Feel Contented
B．Reflections on Human Nature
C．The Keys to Achievement
D．Never Too Late to Learn
3．（2020·新课标Ⅰ）阅读理解
Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There's a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don't change, people do. And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all about the present. It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar's Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
（1）Why does the author like rereading
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It's a window to a whole new world.
C．It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
（2）What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!
A．It's a brief account of a trip.
B．It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.
C．It's a record of a historic event.
D．It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.
（3）What does the underlined word "currency" in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Debt B．Reward. C．Allowance. D．Face value.
（4）What can we infer about the author from the text
A．He loves poetry. B．He's an editor.
C．He's very ambitious. D．He teaches reading.
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