Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake语法重难点+练习（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake 语法重难点
Grammar Focus :
一、First ,peel the bananas. Next put the bananas in the blender . Then pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn the blender . P59 Grammar Focus
(1) first det. 第一
num. 第一；第一个；（列队中）最前面的；最好的
adj. 最重要的，最优秀的；
adv. 首先；其次（列举时用）第一
pron. 第一（个）；第一次
（2）next adj. 下一个的，接下来的
adv. 然后，紧接着，随后
pron. 下一个
prep：靠近；居于……..之后
（3）then adv. （指过去）当时，（指将来）到那时；接下来，然后
二、中考英语“动副结构” 动词+副词+名词 动词+名词+副词 动词+代词+副词
（一）动词短语的概念
有时两个词或三个词在一起构成一个固定结构，表达一种特定的含义，作用近似一个单一的动词，称为动词短语
（二）分类
动词短语有及物（vt.）和不及物（vi.）之分，及物动词短语必须跟宾语，不及物动词短语不跟宾语。
1．及物动词短语。例如：
He is looking after his sister. 他正在照顾他的妹妹。
She always takes care of these children. 她一直照顾这些孩子。
2．不及物动词短语。例如：
Look out! The bus is coming. 小心！公共汽车来了。 The weeks went slowly by. 一星期一星期慢慢过去了。
3．部分动词短语既可做及物动词短语，也可做不及物动词短语。
例如： He took off his coat. 他脱下他的上衣。
The plane took off at nine o’clock. 飞机在九点起飞。
（三）及物动词短语的用法
1．动副及物动词短语的宾语如果是名词时，可置于动词短语之后，也可置于动词与副词之间；如果宾语是代词，则只能置于动词与副词之间，不能置于整个短语之后。例如：
We will hand out the advertisements. = We will hand the advertisements out. 我们将要分发广告。
If you like it, please try it on. 如果你喜欢它，就试试。 不能说成：If you like it, please try on it.
2．宾语是代词，要放中间的动副短语举例如下：
put on 穿上 set up 建立 turn off 关掉 put off 脱下，推迟
pick up 捡起 turn on 打开 put up 挂起，举起 put down 放下
clean up 打扫干净 write down 写下 call/ring up 打电话 cheer up 使振奋 get back 取回 eat up 吃光 give up 放弃 look up 查阅 take off 脱下，起飞 give away 捐赠 work out 算出 cut down 砍倒
hand out 分发 turn up 把声音调大 wake up 叫醒 hand in 交上来 turn down 把声音调小 slow down 放慢 take out 取出 think up想出
3．宾语直接放于动词短语之后的“动词+介词”或“动词+副词+介词”词组举例如下：
come up with 想出(主意) look after 照顾
look for 寻找 get on 上车
agree with 同意 ask for 请求，找
hear of 听说 knock at 敲（门、窗等）
laugh at 嘲笑 wait for 等候
pay for 付钱；支付 point out 指向
run out of用完；耗尽
（四）“动词+介词”型短语
1. “动词+介词”型短语用作及物动词时，后面要跟宾语。
例如：Look at the blackboard, please！请看黑板！
2. 句首的疑问词同时用作宾语时，介词不能省略。
例如：What are you playing with 你正在玩什么？
Who are you talking with 你在和谁谈话？
3. 在被动语态中，介词不能漏掉。
例如：The tiger was laughed at by the fox.老虎被狐狸嘲笑了一通。
（五）、“动词+副词”型短语
动词后加上away，out，forward等时，常构成“动副”型短语。
1. 动词后若是about，in，on，off，over，through，up，down等时，需按实际情况来确定它们是“动介”型还是“动副”型短语。但是初中阶段所学到的绝大多数都属于“动副”型短语。
2. “动副”型短语用作不及物动词时，后面不跟宾语。例如：
I often go out and visit my friends.我经常外出拜访我的朋友。
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients.长大后，我要成为一名护士照看病人。
3. “动副”型短语用作及物动词后接宾语时，如果宾语为名词，副词位于名词前后皆可；如果宾语为人称代词，则该代词必须位于动词和副词之间。例如：
Could you turn your radio down, please =Could you turn down your radio, please 你能不能将收音机关小一点呢？
She picked the pen up and gave it back to me.她捡起钢笔并还给了我。
【小试牛刀】
1. You look really cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you it
A. ask for B. pay for C. think about D. find out
2. Li Lei’s parents went to work, and he had to his grandma at home.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look back
3. You have many ways to help when you are in trouble, so you needn’t worry.
A. play for B. pay for C. ask for D. set for
4. My mother often asks me to early every morning and read English.
A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get in
5. Tom is good at maths, so he the maths problem quickly yesterday.
A. found out B. gave out C. left out D. worked out
6. --- Shall I take you to the shopping mall after work
--- No, thanks. My father said he would______ on his way home.
A. look for me　　 B. pick me up　　C. let me down　 D. take after me
7. ---Why couldn't you_______ about the meanings of the words
---Err….I hadn't got a Chinese-English dictionary at hand.
A. look for it　 B. look them down C. look them up　　 D. look at it.
8. ---Tom, ______ your T-shirt right now! It looks so dirty.---Sorry, Mum. I was playing football the whole afternoon.
A. take off　　 B. take on　 C. put off　 D. put on
9. The global financial crisis(金融危机)has made many people_____ their money.
A. to care for　 B. took care of　 C. be careful with　 D. to be cared about
10. Look, Mary looks sad. Let's go and_______.
A. cheer up him　 B. cheer him up C. cheer up her D. cheer her up
11. ---These problems are too hard to ______ . Will you give me some advice
---There are many ways, but the most important is to have a careful plan.
A. work out B. look out C. hand out D．put out
12. ---I'm sorry I can't find the library book.　---I'm afraid you have to ______ it.
A. send for　 B. call for　 C. pay for　　 D. wait for　　
13.We are sure that scientists will ______ a way to solve the difficult problem.
A. put up　　 B. come up with　 C. look up　　 D. come up
14. ---Excuse me. When does Flight CS7689_________ 　
---One moment, please. I'll _ _ it ________.
A. take off; look; up　　 B. take down; take; away　　
C. take up; give; back　　 D. take away turn; down
15. ---Tom, don’t __________. Your grandfather is working on the computer.
---Sorry, I won’t, my dear grandma.
A. turn up it B. turn it up C. turn it out D. turn out it
【再接再厉】
（用方框内适当的词组填空。）
give out　take after　give away　work out　put off　hand out
1.I’ve__________a new way of doing it.
2.Out teacher said the meeting would be __________till next week.
3.I______ some clothes to charity because they were too small for me.
4.I’d like to work in a food bank to _________food to the poor people.
5.Jim __________his father. They are both clever and a bit quiet.
KEYS: 1-5B C C C A 6-10BCACB 11-15ACBAB
1. worked out 2. Put off 3. gave away 4. give out/hand out 5. takes after
三、主谓一致
主谓“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面一致，这种一致常由三种不同的原则支配，即语法一致，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常在是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也要采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1. 由and和both…….and…….连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词也要采用复数形式。（若连接两个不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式）
Tom and Mike are good friends. Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.
2. 用“one，every one，each one，any one，each，either，neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every one of the students is studying hard. Neither of the boys likes persons who /that ignore Chinese laws.
3. 不定代词either、neither、each、the other、another、anybody、anyone、anything、someone、somebody、something、everyone、everybody、everything、nobody、no one、nothing等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Everything goes well，right？
4. 不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
To teach is to learn. 教学相长 Eating Dang Sheng and Huang Qi herbs is good for your health.
5. 在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致，即就前原则，亦叫“就远原则”
together with 和….一起
along with 与…..一道；连同….一起
as well as和…..一样
with和…..一起
A but/except除…..外（不包含） + B+谓语动词（由A决定单复数）+……
besides 除…外（包含）
like 像
rather than而不是；宁可….也不愿意
more than多于；超出
including包括
The captain, as well as the other players, was tired.
The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week .
6. 由“some（of），plenty of+可数名词和不可数名（不可以用于否定句和疑问句），a lot of, lots of, most(of), the rest (of),all (of),half (of),分数或百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of 后是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；如果of后是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词用单数形式。
Half of the apples have been rotten. Half of the apple has been rotten.
7. “ a number of+名词复数/代词宾格”作主语时，谓语动词用复数； “the number of +名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of the students__________ playing in the playground, and the number of the students in our school ___________ interesting. (be)
8. none作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也用复数形式。
A: Is there any milk in the glass？ B： No, there is none.
None of them has /have arrived.
9. 由两部分构成的表示物品的名词，如trousers，shoes，glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
My glasses were broken. His trousers are dirty.
★★★★★ 如果这类词被a pair of / two pairs of 修饰，谓语动词要和pair的形式保持一致。
This pair of shoes is mine. Five pairs of shoes have been sold out in the morning.
10. 在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语和数保持一致。
There comes the bus.
11. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which用作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。
This is the woman who wants to see you. The girls who are coming soon are my students.
（二）意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。
1. 主语表示事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如people，police，cattle（家畜），poultry（家禽）等，则谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are looking for the missing children.
Police 和policeman的区别。
“police”作主语时，指有生命的集合体，是复数概念，谓语动词用复数；“policeman”作主语时候，指个体，是单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 主语表示事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如clothing，fruit，equipment，traffic，jewellery等则谓语动词用单数形式。
Our warm clothing protects us against the cold.
3. 主语为集体名词，如family，team，staff，class，group，government等，若表示整体概念，谓语动词须用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，其谓语动词须用复数形式。
My family is very wonderful and happy. My family are watching TV.
★★★★★ 注意事项：
① “the+姓氏复数”作主语的情况
“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“.…….一家”或“.……夫妇”，当它在句中作主语时。谓语动词应用复数形式。 The Greens have been to the Great Wall twice.
② population 作主语的情况
Population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当他前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数形式。
The population of Canada is 29 million. Under a third of the population now are smoking.
4. maths,physics等复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常见的有：抽象名词（如：news），学科名词（如maths，physics），专有名词（如James , the United States ）,游戏，运动名词（billiards台球）等。而clothes，goods，works，the Olympic Games 等几个词或短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Physics is my favorite subject .
The Olympic Games are taken place every four years.
5. “the +形容词”作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数；若表示一种抽象概念或品质，谓语动词用单数。
The rich are not always happy. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.
6. 表示时间、长度、价格、质量、数学运算等的短语作主语时，应将它们作为一个整体看待，即使其中的名词为复数形式，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
How time flies！ Thirty years has passed since I left Guangdong province .
7. 由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（即：and后面无冠词）谓语动词用单数形式。
若两个名词前都有冠词，指两个概念，谓语动词则用复数形式。
The dancer and singer has been absent from the concert for three months. 舞蹈家兼歌手（同一人具有多种身份）
The professor and the farmer both agreed to plant the trees there. 教授和农民（两人）
8.·“each/every/no +名词 and each/every/no +名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
“each/every and each/every+名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Each boy and girl plays an important part in protecting the environment.
9. “many a/an 名词单数，许多…..”或 “more than one +名词单数,不止一个…..”坐主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 “more +可数名词复数+than one”坐主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Many a person has read this novel. More members than one are against your plan.
（三）就近一致原则
有时候谓语动词的形式与邻近它的名词或代词一致，这种原则叫就近一致原则。
1. 由either…..or….， neither……nor…., not only…..but (also)…..或or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词的单复数形式需与并列主语中相“临近”的那一部分保持一致。
Neither A nor B +谓语动词（由B来决定谓语动词单复数）
_________ Tom _________Mary speaks good Chinese, so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.
A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. Either; or
2. There be….. 和here be ……这两个句式中的be常遵循就近一致原则。
四、中考倒装句
英语句子中的主语通常在谓语动词之前，这种语序称为自然语序；反之，如果谓语动词在主语之前，这种语序就称为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为部分倒装和完全倒装。
1. so, neither/nor 引起的倒装
So+ 助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语 …..也一样….
结构
Neither / nor + 助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语 ….也不…..
注意区分 So +主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词 …..的确如此
结构
Neither +主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词 …..的确不
（1）这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意思是“某人/某物也是这样”，这种结构中的助动词、be动词或情态动词的选择在形式上要与前面句子的谓语保持一致，而其单复数则由后面的主语来决定。
Lucy is good at singing, and so is her mother. My father hasn’t been to the Great Wall yet , and neither/nor did I.
（2）这两种结构的不同点
so结构依附于肯定句，表示前面的肯定情况也适用于后面的人/物，意为“.…..也……”;neither/nor 结构依附于否定句，表示前面的否定情况也适用于后面的人/物，意为“…..也不……”
Hansen has seen the film twice , and so has Ana .
Jhon can’t speak Chinese ,and neither his father.
★★★★★
So +主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词 …..的确如此
结构
Neither +主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词 …..的确不
----Thone has passed the driving test. ---- So he has. --- Tom seemed to have a cold. --- So he did.
---- The twins hadn’t heard this story before I told them. --- Neither they had.
2. there be 句型的倒装。
There be 句型是一个表示“存在”的句型，是主语在be动词后面的倒装，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近一致原则。There be A, B,C,D and so on. （be 动词由A来决定单复数）
3. 方位副词引起的倒装。
在以here，there，out ，in，down，away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，当主语是名词时，要用倒装句，谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。
Away goes the poor beggar happily！ Here is a map of the small village.
★★★★★
如果主语时代词，就不再用倒装。 Here you are. Here it is !
4. 地点状语或表语放在句首时引起的倒装
West of the lake lies the famous city. 湖的西边坐落着那座著名的城市。
Behind the farm was a rice field.农场后面是一片稻田。
五、总结归纳方法：
方法1. 揣摩主语法。 谓语动词的形式在很大程度上由主语决定，所以看清楚主语的形式十分重要。如果主语后面接的with，together with，along with，but，as well as 等词或短语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。
There _________a large number of books in the library and the number of them __________ interesting .
A. has; is B. have; are C. are; is D. is ; are
方法2. 一般来说，有些固定的习惯用法需要特别注意：
（1）“many a/ an +单数名词”以及 “more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
（2）“a/an +单数名词+ or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数；而“one or two +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。
（3）不定代词anybody，anything，something，everybody，no one, nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
（4）表示时间、距离、价格等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
（5）“one and a half +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；而 “one +单数名词 and a half ”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
（6）“each…..and each…….”; “every…..and every…….”; “no…and no…; many a … and many a …” 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
（7）“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of 后的名词保持数的一致。
More than one student __________ever been to Bei Bei .
A. has B. have C. having
Many a new house __________being built in the area.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
方法3.特殊句型记忆法
对特殊句型进行强化记忆，是一种行之有效的学习方法。
--- Tim has never read this novel before. --- _____________.
A. So have I B. So did I C. Neither have I D. Neither did I
主谓一致经典练习：
一、单项选择题
1．Fifty percent of the class ________ most of the work. The work left ________ really difficult.
A．are doing, is B．are doing, are C．is doing, is D．is doing, are
2---We have only one cinema in our town. But there ________ two next year.
---Wow, that’s great.
A．has B．are C．will have D．will be
3．---Why are you in such a hurry
---There ________ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.
A. will be B．will have C．is going to have D．are going to be
4．Kim likes having science lessons, but he ________ science homework.
A．likes B．like C．doesn’t like D．don’t like
5．________ of giant pandas is getting ________ because their living areas becoming farmland.
A．The number; larger and larger B．A number; larger and larger
C．The number; smaller and smaller D．A number; smaller and smaller
6．Nancy ________ worried because she entered a job interview in a big company, and now she is waiting for the result.
A．looked B．looks C．will look D．was looking
7．Usually the students in our class ________ for information in many ways.
A．search B．have searched C．are searching D．will search
8．The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors ________ smaller and smaller.
A．become B．are becoming C．is becoming D．have become
9．There ______ a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month.
A．is going to have B．will have C．is D．is going to be
10．---Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader
---The Reader, of course._________ I _________ my brother likes it.
A．Both; and B．Neither; nor C．Either; or D．Not only; but also
11．He wondered whether this pair of trainers _________ a long walk.
A．were fit for B．fitted for C．is fit for D．was fit for
12．I wonder _____ there will _____ tomorrow.
A．that; be rainy B．whether; have rained
C．that; have rain D．whether; be rain
13．—Not only I but also my brother ________ good at English.
—That's good. Learning languages ________ great fun.
A．is; is B．is; are C．are; are D．are; is
14．Doing eye exercises ________ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
15．　　　　 my parents 　　　　 my sister likes playing the mobile phone.
A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Not only; and D．Both; also
16．All parents ________ their children to be happy every day.
A．hope B．wish C．hopes D．wishes
17．Is there going to 　　　　a basketball match next week
A．being B．have C．be D．having
18．Cutting down too many trees ________ it ________ for people to protect the wildlife in the world.
A．make; impossible B．makes; possible C．make; possible D．makes; impossible
19． ________ of the students in this school is over 2,000, and ________ of them are girls.
A．The number; a number B．A number; the number
C．A number; a number D．The number; the number
20．That ________ her sister and these ________ her parents .
A．are; is B．is; is C．is; are D．are; are
21.---Where is my English book, mom
---________ a workbook and some books on your desk. It may be there.
A．There have B．There has C．There is D．There are
22．---When will the programme be sent out
---As soon as it ________ tomorrow.
A．records B．will record C．is recorded D．will be recorded
23．---There ________ a pair of gloves on the desk.
---Oh. ________ mine.
A．is; There is B．is; They are C．are; They are D．are; There are
24．Not only Mr. and Mrs. Green but also their daughter _________ abroad twice.
A．have gone to B．have been to C．has gone D．has been
25．—Hi, Linda. How many girls are there in your class
—The number of the girls ________ thirteen and a number of them ________ my good friends.
A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is
26．There ________ a pen and two books on the desk.
A．be B．am C．are D．is
27．—Is there a hospital in the small village
—No, there ______.
A．is B．are C．isn't D．aren't
28．People usually ________ at night, but Mr. Wang ________ in the day.
A．sleep; sleep B．sleeps; sleeps C．sleeps; sleep D．sleep; sleeps
29．Nancy ________ go far if she goes shopping. The supermarket is near her home.
A．has to B．doesn't have to C．don't have to D．hasn't to
30．Be quiet! A bird ________ something on the window.
A．ate B．eats C．are eating D．is eating
31．There ________ not ________ milk in the glass on the table.
A．are; many B．are; much C．is; many D．is; much
32．My sister doesn't play tennis but my brother ________.
A．is B．are C．do D．does
33．________ my grandpa ________ my grandma are interested in Beijing Opera.
A．Not only; but also B．Both; and C．Neither; nor D．Either; or
34．________ Alan like apples
A．Do B．Does C．Is D．Are
35．My brother together with my parents ________ at a meeting today.
A．is B．am C．are D．be
36．I can't find my milk in the fridge now, but there ________ some just now.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
37．Tom with his family ________ busy ________ the Spring Festival.
A．are; prepare with B．are; prepares for C．is; preparing for D．is; preparing of
38．Every one of our teachers ________ strict ________ us ________ their work.
A．are; with; in B．is; in; with C．are; in; with D．is; with; in
39．---How much is the skirt
---Thirty dollars ________ enough.
A．is B．are C．am D．be
40．There will ________ a football match this evening.
A．have B．has C．be D．is
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
41．Lily ________ (have) got two sisters. She can have a lot of fun with them.
42．There ________ (be) a lot of desks and chairs in the classroom.
43．Titanic is an exciting film. My sister ________ (see) it twice already.
44．While my mother ________ (clean) the room yesterday, I ________ (wash) some clothes.
45．Look! Tom and John ___________ (swim) in the swimming pool.
46．Look! The students ______ (sing) and dancing.
47．I don't know where she ________ (live).
48．There is a cat ________ (climb) the tree.
49．Here ________ my English teacher's table.(be)
50．Neither he nor I ________ (be) interested in doing math homework.
51．There ________ (be) lots of mutton on the table.
52．She ________ (study) English since she was ten.
53．Look! The little boy ____ with a cat. (play)
54．Neither of the books ________ (be) interesting.
55．My parents usually ________ (use) the computer on weekends.
56．There ______（be）a book and two pens on the desk.
57．Jack _________ (finish) his homework already.
58．My father ________ some washing when I got home yesterday evening. (do)
59．Listen! Someone ________ (knock) at the door. Please go and answer it.
60．I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
一、单项选择题
1．A2．D3．A4．C5．C6．B7．A8．C9．D10．D11．D12．D13．A14．A15．A16．B17．C18．D19．A
20．C21．C22．C23．B24．D25．C26．D27．C28．D29．B30．D31．D32．D33．B34．B
35．A36．B37．C38．D39．A40．C
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
41．has42．are/were43．has seen44．was cleaning was washing 45．are swimming
46．are singing47．lives48．climbing49．is50．am51．is52．has studied53．is playing
54．is/are55．use56．is57．has finished 58.was doing 59.is knocking 60.was/am
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