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Unit 4 Period 1 Listening and Speaking分层练习
语言能力 能够根据发音规则，练习连续发音。
学习能力 学会如何得体大方的开展对话。
思维品质 梳理了解对话中孔子的相关事实信息并对听力内容进行预测和推理
文化意识 学会接纳不同文化，了解中国古代哲学的形成过程。
一、单词拼写
1．The bombing has been far more widespread than the (军队) will admit.
【答案】military
【解析】【分析】句意：轰炸的范围比军方承认的要广得多。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 military ，此处作主语，故填 military 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
2．Mr. Smith likes to (围绕) himself with students asking him questions.
【答案】surround
【解析】【分析】句意：史密斯先生喜欢周围都是向他提问的学生。根据句意和汉语提示，应用动词 surround ，此处不定式作宾语，故填 surround 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语。
3．He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain, who has made great a all his life. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】achievements/chievements
【解析】【分析】句意：他是一位优秀的律师，有着良好的头脑，一生都取得了巨大的成就。根据句意和首字母提示，应用名词 achievement "成就"，作宾语，此处是泛指，应用复数形式，故填 achievements 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
4．For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education and (法律的，adj.) systems.
【答案】legal
【解析】【分析】句意：例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育和法律制度。根据句意和汉语提示，应用形容词 legal ，此处修饰名词 systems ，作定语，故填 legal 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
5．There is no (证据) that he is the man to blame.
【答案】evidence/proof
【解析】【分析】句意：没有证据表明他应该受到责备。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 evidence/proof ，不可数，作主语，故填 evidence/proof 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
6．I can find nothing to say in (防卫) of his action.
【答案】defence
【解析】【分析】句意：我无法为他的行为辩护。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 defence ，构成介词短语in defence of ，"保卫……，为……辩护"，故填 defence 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语in defence of 。
7．You'll need some cash in local (货币) but you can also use your credit card.
【答案】currency
【解析】【分析】句意：你需要一些当地货币的现金，但你也可以使用信用卡。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 currency ，不可数，此处作介词宾语，故填 currency 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
8．There were a number of (地方) where the kings of Egypt built pyramids.
【答案】locations
【解析】【分析】句意：埃及国王曾在许多地方建造金字塔。根据句意和汉语提示，应用名词 location ，此处作主语， a number of 后接复数名词，故填 locations 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
9．The (主要的) problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease.
【答案】chief/main/major
【解析】【分析】句意：我们现在在这个地区面临的主要问题是疾病的传播。根据句意和汉语提示，应用形容词 chief/main/major ，此处修饰名词 problem ，作定语，故填 chief/main/major 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
10．It is difficult for a teacher to give (个别的) attention to children in a large class.
【答案】individual
【解析】【分析】句意：在一个大班里，老师很难单独关注孩子们。根据句意和汉语提示，应用 individual ，此处修饰名词 attention ，作定语，故填 individual 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
二、语法填空
11．It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better
(know) to international students.
【答案】known
【解析】【分析】句意：这是一个让国际学生更好地了解中国文化的机会。the Chinese culture和know在逻辑上构成动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作宾补，故填known。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作宾补。
12． The city （dot) with small lakes, natural and artificial.
【答案】is dotted
【解析】【分析】句意：这座城市点缀着天然和人工的小湖。此处是谓语动词，与主语 The city 是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填 is dotted 。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及一般现在时的被动语态。
13． Sanya is the most （fascinate) place I have ever been to.
【答案】fascinating
【解析】【分析】句意：三亚是我去过的最迷人的地方。此处形容词最高级作定语。 fascinate "迷住，入迷"，动词，其形容词"迷人的"，应用 fascinating ，与 the most 构成形容词最高级，修饰名词 place ，作定语，故填 fascinating 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词最高级作定语。
14． It is （evidence) that the Confucian philosophy affected a large number of ancient people.
【答案】evident
【解析】【分析】句意：由此可见，儒家哲学影响了一大批古人。此处形容词作表语。 evidence "证据"，名词，其形容词"明显的"，应用 evident ，故填 evident 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
15． Standing in the watchtower,we admired the （surround) scenes.
【答案】surrounding
【解析】【分析】句意：站在望塔上，我们欣赏周围的景色。此处形容词作定语。 surround "包围"，动词，其形容词"周围的"，应用 surrounding ，此处修饰名词 scenes ，故填 surrounding 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
16． It is （legal) to smoke in public places according to the new law.
【答案】illegal
【解析】【分析】句意：根据新法律，在公共场所吸烟是违法的。此处形容词作表语。 legal "合法的"，形容词，其反义词"不合法的"，应用形容词 illegal ，此处作表语，故填 illegal 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
17． The soldiers fought bravely in (defend) of their country.
【答案】defence
【解析】【分析】句意：士兵们为保卫祖国而英勇战斗。此处名词作介词宾语。 defend "保卫"，动词，其名词"保卫"，应用 defence ，不可数。 in defence of 固定短语，"为保卫......."，故填 defence 。
【点评】考查名词，以及固定短语in defence of。
18． I am （puzzle) with that matter.
【答案】puzzled
【解析】【分析】句意：我对那件事感到困惑。此处形容词作表语。 puzzle "使困惑"动词&"谜"，名词，其形容词"感到困惑的"，应用 puzzled ，故填 puzzled 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
19．The website (belong) to this company is popular with young men.
【答案】belonging
【解析】【分析】句意：这家公司的网站很受年轻人的欢迎。 belong 和 The website 在逻辑上是主谓关系，现在分词表主动，此处作定语，故填 belonging 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作定语。
20．The first thing he looked at was his office's (locate).
【答案】location
【解析】【分析】句意：他首先看到的是他办公室的位置，此处名词作介词宾语，根据office 可知，应用单数名词，故填location。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
三、完形填空
完形填空
The United States you may not know
The United States is the only superpower in the world, and it is far more advanced than any other country. However, we can't simply owe its 21． and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars. What other nations should 22． is the American spirit and its social system.
The most obvious features of the American spirit are 23． and pragmatism (务实思想). Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution. Since the US occupies such an important position in science and technology, naturally it has become the first superpower in the world.
Americans are always 24． with what they have achieved, and they have an appetite for adventure over the love of 25． . European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of "high tax and high welfare" since the 1960s, while only the US 26． the policy of "high risk and high return". 27． , the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology).
High salary is not the only 28． that the talents from other countries find in the United States. Some characteristics of American society should not be 29． . Family backgrounds and great wisdom in building connections and playing up to the boss, to which great importance is attached in other countries, are not so important to 30． development in the US. Most people are on the same starting line, and whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work.
However, the American character is full of paradoxes (矛盾). The American people are both extremely romantic and pragmatic. The American is a(n) 31． people, but in every field there are workaholics. The Americans are open-minded but they are very conservative on certain matters. Since China's reform and opening-up to the outside world, many media in Western countries have greatly 32． their attitudes towards China. However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China as they were in the Cold War period. The Americans 33． freedom, but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries' internal affairs. What's most puzzling is that the Americans 34． authority, but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society. Therefore, in such a nation that values personal liberty, the society can still be kept in good order and operate with high 35． . Is it odd No one can provide a satisfactory answer.
21．A．powerfulness B．ability C．energy D．resource
22．A．reflect on B．deal with C．agree to D．carry out
23．A．preservation B．perseverance C．curiosity D．creativity
24．A．dissatisfied B．concerned C．engaged D．pleased
25．A．nature B．competition C．ease D．innovation
26．A．goes against B．sticks to C．exposes to D．gives up
27．A．After all B．As a result
C．In other words D．Above all
28．A．potential B．passion C．attraction D．recommendation
29．A．considered B．mentioned C．ignored D．defined
30．A．staff B．assemble C．private D．individual
31．A．pleasure-seeking B．outgoing
C．self-disciplined D．well-educated
32．A．maintained B．changed C．adopted D．compared
33．A．oppose B．rebel C．care D．value
34．A．show B．admire C．challenge D．establish
35．A．efficiency B．spirits C．honour D．status
【答案】21．A；22．A；23．D；24．A；25．C；26．B；27．B；28．C；29．C；30．D；31．A；32．B；33．D；34．C；35．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个你可能不知道的美国。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：然而，我们不能简单地把它的强大和繁荣归功于它幸运地躲过了两次世界大战的毁灭。A. powerfulness"强大，有力"；B. ability"能力"；C. energy"精力"；D. resource"资源"。根据空后的"and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars."可知，此处与prosperity并列，所以此处指美国的强大。故选A。
22．句意：其他国家应该反思的是美国的精神和它的社会制度。A. reflect on"反思"；B. deal with"处理"；C. agree to"同意"；D. carry out"执行"。根据上文"we can't simply owe its 1 and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars."可知，美国的强大与繁荣不能简单的归因于逃离的两次世界大战的毁灭，所以，其他国家还需要反思美国强大与繁荣的原因还有美国的精神与社会制度。故选A。
23．句意：美国精神最明显的特征是创造力和务实思想。A. preservation"保护"；B. perseverance"毅力"；C. curiosity"好奇心"；D. creativity"创造力"。根据下文"Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution."可知，重要发明的70%都是在美国创造的，所以，此处指的是美国的创造力，故选D。
24．句意：美国人总是不满足于他们所取得的成就，他们渴望冒险而不是安逸。A. dissatisfied"不满的"；B. concerned"担忧的"；C. engaged"忙于"；D. pleased"高兴的"。根据空后"and they have an appetite for adventure…"可知，他们渴望冒险，此处指的是他们对所取得成就不满足。故选A。
25．句意：美国人总是不满足于他们所取得的成就，他们渴望冒险而不是安逸。A. nature"自然"；B. competition"比赛"；C. ease"轻松"；D. innovation"改革"。根据空前"they have an appetite for adventure over"可知，他们渴望冒险而不是喜欢安逸，其中"冒险"与"安逸"相对应。故选C。
26．句意：欧洲国家自上世纪60年代以来一直奉行"高税收、高福利"的改革主义政策，只有美国坚持"高风险、高回报"的政策。A. goes against"违反"；B. sticks to"坚持"；C. exposes to"接触"；D. gives up"放弃"。根据空前"European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of ‘high tax and high welfare' since the 1960s,"可知，欧洲国家奉行"高税收、高福利"的改革主义政策，while表示对比，所以此处与"改革"相对，所以此处指的是"坚持"符合语境。故选B。
27．句意：因此，美国成为第三次工业革命(信息、材料和生物技术)的领导者。A. After all"毕竟"；B. As a result"因此"；C. In other words"换句话说"；D. Above all"更重要的是"。根据空后"the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology)."与空前的内容之间为因果关系，故选B。
28．句意：高薪并不是其他国家的人才在美国发现的唯一吸引力。A. potential"潜力"；B. passion"激情"；C. attraction"吸引力"；D. recommendation"推荐"。根据空前"High salary"；以及空后"that the talents from other countries find in the United States."可知，其他国家的人才来美国，高薪不是唯一的吸引力。故选C。
29．句意：美国社会的一些特点不应被忽视。A. considered"考虑"；B. mentioned"提到"；C. ignored"忽略"；D. defined"定义"。根据上文"High salary is not the only 8 that the talents from other countries find in the United States."可知，高薪不是唯一其他国家的人才在美国发现的吸引力，可推知，在美国还有很多不容"忽视"的特点吸引其他国家的人才来美国。故选C。
30．句意：在其他国家非常重视的家庭背景，以及在建立关系和讨好老板方面的大智慧，在美国对个人发展并不那么重要。A. staff"全体人员"；B. assemble"聚集"；C. private"私人的"；D. individual"个人的"。根据下文"whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work."可知，一个人成功与否取决于自己的能力和努力，可推知，此处指的是对个人的发展并不那么重要。故选D。
31．句意：美国人是一个追求快乐的人，但每个领域都有工作狂。A. pleasure-seeking"享乐主义的"；B. outgoing"外向的"；C. self-disciplined"自律的"；D. well-educated"受到良好教育的"。根据空后"but"可知，此空处与空后"in every field there are workaholics"为转折关系，"工作狂"对应的事"寻找快乐"。故选A。
32．句意：自从中国改革开放以来，西方国家的许多媒体对中国的态度发生了很大的变化。A. maintained "维持"；B. changed"改变"；C. adopted"采纳"；D. compared"比较"。根据下文"However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China"可知，此处与空处所在的内容为转折关系，美国的媒体唱着同样的老调子反对中国，可推知，此空处指的是许多欧洲国家的媒体对中国的态度发生了很大的改变。故选B。
33．句意：美国人崇尚自由，但他们的政府却很喜欢干涉别国的内政。A. oppose"反对"；B. rebel"造反"；C. care"关心"；D. value"重视，崇尚"。根据空后"but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries' internal affairs."可知，此空处与此处的内容为转折关系，此处指的是他们喜欢干涉别国内政，可推知，空处指的是崇尚自由，故选D。
34．句意：最让人困惑的是，美国人挑战权威，却高度尊重社会的法律法规。A. show"展示"；B. admire"羡慕"；C. challenge"挑战"；D. establish"成立"。根据空后"but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society"可知，此处内容与but前的内容为转折关系，他们"尊重社会法律法规"，对应的是他们"挑战权威"。故选C。
35．句意：因此，在这样一个重视个人自由的国家，社会仍然可以保持良好的秩序和高效的运行。A. efficiency"效率"；B. spirits"精神"；C. honour"荣耀"；D. status"地位"。根据空前"the society can still be kept in good order"可知，社会可以保持良好的秩序，社会也就可以高效地运行。故选A。
四、阅读理解
阅读理解
Once upon a time，there lived in Basra an old man.His only job was caring for and loving his only son who was a handsome young man.The old man put all his money into his son's education.The young man went away for a few years and received an education at a well－known university，where there were many scholars (学者)．
The day arrived for the son to return from his studies.When the son came and met his father，the old man looked into his eyes and felt great disappointment."What have you learnt，my son？" he asked."I have learnt everything that was to be learnt，father，" the son said.
"But have you learnt what cannot be taught？" asked the father."Go，my son and learn what cannot be taught，" said the old man.
The young man went back to ask his headmaster to teach him what cannot be taught."Go away to the mountains with these four hundred sheep and come back when they are one thousand，" said the master.
The young man went to the mountains and became a shepherd (牧羊人)．There for the first time he came across silence.He had no one to talk to.The sheep did not understand his language.Hopelessly，he would talk to them but they would look back at him as if to say he were stupid.Slowly but certainly，he began to forget all his worldly knowledge and his pride.He became quiet，wise and humble (谦逊的)．
At the end of two years，when the number of sheep had grown to one thousand，he returned to his master and fell on his knees."Now you have learnt what cannot be taught，" said the master.
36．Why did the father feel disappointed with his son
A．The son didn't know how to look after sheep.
B．The son didn't appear honest before his father.
C．The son didn't learn what cannot be taught.
D．The son didn't learn from scholars.
37．What was the difficulty the son faced when he was in the mountains
A．He didn't have enough food.
B．He didn't have any one to talk to.
C．He didn't know what he could learn.
D．He didn't know how to be a sheepman.
38．How did the son become humble
A．By staying with the sheep.
B．By thinking about his past.
C．By talking with his headmaster.
D．By learning from the sheep.
39．What does the story tell us
A．Silence is golden.
B．Education is important.
C．Where there's a will there's a way.
D．Something cannot be taught in school.
【答案】36．C
37．B
38．A
39．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了儿子学成归来后，老父亲发现儿子并没有学到应有的品质，于是让他回到了老师那里继续学习。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
36．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"‘I have learnt everything that was to be learnt，father，' the son said."儿子说："父亲，我已经学会了该学的一切。"；以及第三段"‘But have you learnt what cannot be taught？'asked the father.‘Go，my son and learn what cannot be taught，' said the old man""但是你学到了不能教的东西吗？"父亲问道。"去吧，我的儿子，去学习不能教的东西，"老人说。可知,儿子没学到学校学不到的品质,这使得父亲感到失望。故选C。
37．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"He had no one to talk to"他没有人可以说话。可知,儿子去了山里后面对的困难是没人和他讲话。故选B。
38．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Hopelessly，he would talk to them but they would look back at him as if to say he were stupid.Slowly but certainly，he began to forget all his worldly knowledge and his pride.He became quiet，wise and humble (谦逊的)．"他会毫无希望地和他们说话，但他们会回头看他，好像在说他很愚蠢。慢慢地，但肯定地，他开始忘记他所有的世俗知识和他的骄傲。他变得安静、睿智、谦逊可知,，通过和羊待在一起，儿子学会了 谦逊。故选A。
39．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的" The young man went to the mountains and became a shepherd (牧羊人)．There for the first time he came across silence.He had no one to talk to. The sheep did not understand his language.Hopelessly，he would talk to them but they would look back at him as if to say he were stupid.Slowly but certainly，he began to forget all his worldly knowledge and his pride.He became quiet，wise and humble (谦逊的)．"这个年轻人去了山里，当了一个牧羊人。在那里他第一次遇到了寂静。他没有人可以说话。羊听不懂他的语言。他会毫无希望地和他们说话，但他们会回头看他，好像在说他很愚蠢。慢慢地，但肯定地，他开始忘记他所有的世俗知识和他的骄傲。他变得安静、睿智、谦逊；以及最后一段"At the end of two years，when the number of sheep had grown to one thousand，he returned to his master and fell on his knees‘Now you have learnt what cannot be taught，' said the master." 两年后，当羊的数量增加到一千只时，他回到主人身边，跪了下来。"现在你已经学会了不能教的东西，"大师说。可推知知,这个故事主要告诉了我们有些东西是学校学不到的。故选D。
阅读理解
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus (On Famous Men), highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles. "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois (庸俗的) for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast (浮夸的描写): "The history of all existing society is the history of class struggle" wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. "It is man, real living man, who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. It transformed the public history: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the diversity of lost societies.
40．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean
A．History is no more than a pressing literary craze.
B．History should be the story of some epochal heroes.
C．History is a guide through a tough life for working men.
D．History should be inspirational rather than empathetic.
41．According to the article, ____ dismissed virtues as unnecessary for successful rulers.
A．Petrarch B．Samuel Smiles
C．Thomas Carlyle D．Niccolo Machiavelli
42．According to the article, Marx and Engels ____.
A．emphasized the virtues of real living men
B．stressed the uniqueness of personal experiences
C．focused on the worthy lives of truly heroic people
D．held that it is the people who make their own history
43．What can we infer from the article
A．How people appreciate the past has never changed.
B．History from below stood alongside biographies of great men.
C．New realms of understanding great men in history were opened up.
D．Christopher Hill, EP Thompson, and Eric Hobsbaw m were Victorian sages.
【答案】40．B
41．D
42．D
43．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了历史写作中伟人历史的传统和变化，以及不同时代所强调的价值观和主题。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
40．考查句义猜测。根据第一段中的"‘Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,' wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.""世界的历史，人类在这个世界上取得成就的历史，归根结底是在这个世界上工作过的伟人的历史，"维多利亚时代的圣人托马斯·卡莱尔写道；以及第二段中的"Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain."突然之间，英国似乎与它最喜欢的历史形式分道扬镳了。这可能只是一时的文学热潮，但它也指出了一个更广泛的事实，即我们现在如何对待过去：不太关心向祖先学习，而更感兴趣的是感受他们的痛苦。可推知，划线句子的意思是历史应该是一些划时代英雄的故事。故选B。
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders."这就是Niccolo Machiavelli颠覆的传记传统。在《君主论》中，他推崇狡猾、无情和大胆，而不是美德、仁慈和正义，作为成功领导人的技能。可知，Niccolo Machiavelli认为美德对于成功的统治者来说是不必要的。故选D。
42．考查推理判断。根据第六段"Not everyone was convinced by such bombast (浮夸的描写): ‘The history of all existing society is the history of class struggle' wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. ‘It is man, real living man, who does all that.' And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle."并非所有人都为这样的浮夸所折服："所有现存社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史，"马克思和恩格斯在《共产党宣言》中写道。"是活生生的人创造了一切。"而历史应该是大众的故事，是他们斗争的记录。可知，马克思和恩格斯认为历史是人民的历史，是人民创造了自己的历史。故选D。
43．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. It transformed the public history: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the diversity of lost societies."这种传统彻底改变了我们对过去的看法。它改变了公共历史下层阶级变得和上层阶级一样迷人。英国培养了Christopher Hill、EP Thompson和Eric Hobsbawm，取代了Thomas Carlyle。从性别到种族再到文化研究，随着学者们对失落社会的多样性的剖析，全新的理解领域被打开了。可知，文章认为历史写作的传统是叙述伟人的生平，但历史也应该是关于大众的故事，是他们斗争的记录，即来自底层的历史与伟人生平传记并存。故选B。
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Unit 4 Period 1 Listening and Speaking分层练习
语言能力 能够根据发音规则，练习连续发音。
学习能力 学会如何得体大方的开展对话。
思维品质 梳理了解对话中孔子的相关事实信息并对听力内容进行预测和推理
文化意识 学会接纳不同文化，了解中国古代哲学的形成过程。
一、单词拼写
1．The bombing has been far more widespread than the (军队) will admit.
2．Mr. Smith likes to (围绕) himself with students asking him questions.
3．He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain, who has made great a all his life. (根据首字母单词拼写)
4．For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education and (法律的，adj.) systems.
5．There is no (证据) that he is the man to blame.
6．I can find nothing to say in (防卫) of his action.
7．You'll need some cash in local (货币) but you can also use your credit card.
8．There were a number of (地方) where the kings of Egypt built pyramids.
9．The (主要的) problem we have in the area now is the spread of disease.
10．It is difficult for a teacher to give (个别的) attention to children in a large class.
二、语法填空
11．It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better
(know) to international students.
12． The city （dot) with small lakes, natural and artificial.
13． Sanya is the most （fascinate) place I have ever been to.
14． It is （evidence) that the Confucian philosophy affected a large number of ancient people.
15． Standing in the watchtower,we admired the （surround) scenes.
16． It is （legal) to smoke in public places according to the new law.
17． The soldiers fought bravely in (defend) of their country.
18． I am （puzzle) with that matter.
19．The website (belong) to this company is popular with young men.
20．The first thing he looked at was his office's (locate).
三、完形填空
完形填空
The United States you may not know
The United States is the only superpower in the world, and it is far more advanced than any other country. However, we can't simply owe its 21． and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars. What other nations should 22． is the American spirit and its social system.
The most obvious features of the American spirit are 23． and pragmatism (务实思想). Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution. Since the US occupies such an important position in science and technology, naturally it has become the first superpower in the world.
Americans are always 24． with what they have achieved, and they have an appetite for adventure over the love of 25． . European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of "high tax and high welfare" since the 1960s, while only the US 26． the policy of "high risk and high return". 27． , the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology).
High salary is not the only 28． that the talents from other countries find in the United States. Some characteristics of American society should not be 29． . Family backgrounds and great wisdom in building connections and playing up to the boss, to which great importance is attached in other countries, are not so important to 30． development in the US. Most people are on the same starting line, and whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work.
However, the American character is full of paradoxes (矛盾). The American people are both extremely romantic and pragmatic. The American is a(n) 31． people, but in every field there are workaholics. The Americans are open-minded but they are very conservative on certain matters. Since China's reform and opening-up to the outside world, many media in Western countries have greatly 32． their attitudes towards China. However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China as they were in the Cold War period. The Americans 33． freedom, but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries' internal affairs. What's most puzzling is that the Americans 34． authority, but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society. Therefore, in such a nation that values personal liberty, the society can still be kept in good order and operate with high 35． . Is it odd No one can provide a satisfactory answer.
21．A．powerfulness B．ability C．energy D．resource
22．A．reflect on B．deal with C．agree to D．carry out
23．A．preservation B．perseverance C．curiosity D．creativity
24．A．dissatisfied B．concerned C．engaged D．pleased
25．A．nature B．competition C．ease D．innovation
26．A．goes against B．sticks to C．exposes to D．gives up
27．A．After all B．As a result
C．In other words D．Above all
28．A．potential B．passion C．attraction D．recommendation
29．A．considered B．mentioned C．ignored D．defined
30．A．staff B．assemble C．private D．individual
31．A．pleasure-seeking B．outgoing
C．self-disciplined D．well-educated
32．A．maintained B．changed C．adopted D．compared
33．A．oppose B．rebel C．care D．value
34．A．show B．admire C．challenge D．establish
35．A．efficiency B．spirits C．honour D．status
四、阅读理解
阅读理解
Once upon a time，there lived in Basra an old man.His only job was caring for and loving his only son who was a handsome young man.The old man put all his money into his son's education.The young man went away for a few years and received an education at a well－known university，where there were many scholars (学者)．
The day arrived for the son to return from his studies.When the son came and met his father，the old man looked into his eyes and felt great disappointment."What have you learnt，my son？" he asked."I have learnt everything that was to be learnt，father，" the son said.
"But have you learnt what cannot be taught？" asked the father."Go，my son and learn what cannot be taught，" said the old man.
The young man went back to ask his headmaster to teach him what cannot be taught."Go away to the mountains with these four hundred sheep and come back when they are one thousand，" said the master.
The young man went to the mountains and became a shepherd (牧羊人)．There for the first time he came across silence.He had no one to talk to.The sheep did not understand his language.Hopelessly，he would talk to them but they would look back at him as if to say he were stupid.Slowly but certainly，he began to forget all his worldly knowledge and his pride.He became quiet，wise and humble (谦逊的)．
At the end of two years，when the number of sheep had grown to one thousand，he returned to his master and fell on his knees."Now you have learnt what cannot be taught，" said the master.
36．Why did the father feel disappointed with his son
A．The son didn't know how to look after sheep.
B．The son didn't appear honest before his father.
C．The son didn't learn what cannot be taught.
D．The son didn't learn from scholars.
37．What was the difficulty the son faced when he was in the mountains
A．He didn't have enough food.
B．He didn't have any one to talk to.
C．He didn't know what he could learn.
D．He didn't know how to be a sheepman.
38．How did the son become humble
A．By staying with the sheep.
B．By thinking about his past.
C．By talking with his headmaster.
D．By learning from the sheep.
39．What does the story tell us
A．Silence is golden.
B．Education is important.
C．Where there's a will there's a way.
D．Something cannot be taught in school.
阅读理解
"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus (On Famous Men), highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles. "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself." His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois (庸俗的) for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.
Not everyone was convinced by such bombast (浮夸的描写): "The history of all existing society is the history of class struggle" wrote Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto. "It is man, real living man, who does all that." And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. It transformed the public history: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the diversity of lost societies.
40．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean
A．History is no more than a pressing literary craze.
B．History should be the story of some epochal heroes.
C．History is a guide through a tough life for working men.
D．History should be inspirational rather than empathetic.
41．According to the article, ____ dismissed virtues as unnecessary for successful rulers.
A．Petrarch B．Samuel Smiles
C．Thomas Carlyle D．Niccolo Machiavelli
42．According to the article, Marx and Engels ____.
A．emphasized the virtues of real living men
B．stressed the uniqueness of personal experiences
C．focused on the worthy lives of truly heroic people
D．held that it is the people who make their own history
43．What can we infer from the article
A．How people appreciate the past has never changed.
B．History from below stood alongside biographies of great men.
C．New realms of understanding great men in history were opened up.
D．Christopher Hill, EP Thompson, and Eric Hobsbaw m were Victorian sages.
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