人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Words and expressions 课件（共34张PPT）

(共35张PPT)
选择性必修二
Unit1 Science and scientists
Words and expressions
Learning aims:
At the end of the class,you will be able to
1.learn to pronounce new words
2.master the usage of the key words and expressions
3.grasp some skills in doing exercises
①He made an apology so as not to be blamed what he had done.
②Don’t always blame your own failure ____ others. Sometimes you yourself are _________ (blame)．
③He is ready to take the blame what has happened.
for
on
to blame
for
blame sb._____ sth. 因…而指责某人
blame sth. ____sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be________(blame) _____ sth. 因…该受责备；对某事负有责任
bear/take the blame ______ sth.对某事承担责任
put/lay the blame ______ sb. 怪罪某人
on
to blame
for
for
for
on
1. blame vt. 把……归咎于;责怪 n.责备;指责
单句语法填空
It was the professor rather than his assistant that was __________ (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
The boss didn't blame his assistant __________ the mistake, which was beyond expectations.
The boss didn't blame the mistake __________ his assistant, which was beyond expectations.
[写美] 句式升级
Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
→______________________________________________________________, Alice was in low spirits.(分词作状语)
[用准]be to blame不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。
to blame
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
for
on
2. decrease n. 减少；减少量
vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
[记牢]
(1)decrease by（后接分数或百分数）　　减少了
decrease (from ...) to （后接具体数字） (从……)减少到
decrease in 在某方面降低
(2)on the decrease 在下降；在减少
a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降
相关词语积累:
(反义词)increase vi.& vt. & n.
[C,U]增加,增多
increase by... 增加了……
increase to... 增加到……
increase in... 在……方面增加
on the increase 在增加
1. Average house prices decreased 13% last year.
2. The number of students going abroad for further study is the decrease nowadays.
3.By 1881,the population of the island____________
(decrease) from 5,000 to 3,500.
by
on
had decreased
1.She should have been home by now.
她现在应该到家了。
2.By the end of last week, they had finished the work.
他们在上周末之前就已经完成工作了。
3.By this time of next year,you will have become college student.
到了明年的这个时候，你就是大学生了
如果动作在"by"所指的时间之前已经完成，通常使用完成时态；如果动作在"by"所指的时间之后发生，则使用一般时态
1. by+现在时间点，就用现在完成时;
2.by+过去的时间点，用过去完成时;
3.by+将来的时间点,用将来完成时
1.We ______________(finish)the work by next month.
2.He__________(read) about 40 pages of the book by now.
3.By the end of last month,he _________(finish)reading the book.
4.The company ________(sell) 100 apartments by now.
5.The company__________(build) 5 skyscrapers in the city by the end of last year.
6.The company____________ (build)10 skyscrapers in the city by the end of next year.
will have finished
has read
had finished
has sold
had built
will have built
如果动作在"by"所指的时间之后发生，则使用一般时态
一般现在时：用于描述通常的情况或习惯，
例如 "I usually arrive by 6 pm."
（我通常在下午6点前到达。）
一般过去时：用于描述过去的情况，
例如 "He was very tired by the evening."
（他到晚上已经很累了。）
一般将来时：用于表达未来的计划或预期，
例如 "I will be home by 5 pm."
（我将在下午5点前回家。
[练透]　单句语法填空
① ____________ (decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
②Over the past decades, sea ice has been __________ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming.
[写美]　一句多译
③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _________________________.(decrease n.)
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ____________________.(decrease v.)
To decrease
on
is on the decrease
is decreasing
1. She was transformed from a common-looking adolescent（青少年） ____ a pretty young woman.
2. In the past 20 years the country _____________________ (transform) into an advanced industrial power.
into
has been transformed
【记牢】
transform...into...使……变成……
transform...from...into...把……从……变成……
3. transform vt.使改观;使改变形态　vi.改变;转变
[记牢]
defend...from/against ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself （against)(针对......) 为自己辩护；自卫
defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
4. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
[练透]　单句语法填空
①He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can defend himself against __________ ___(attack).
②Cooper wrote to the journal immediately, ________
(defend) himself.
[写美]　一句多译
③看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。
→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed __________ his son like an arrow.(defend)
→Seeing the fierce snake, he rushed _______________ his son like an arrow.(defence)
being attacked
in defence of
to defend
defending
5. charge n.费用;主管;掌管;责任 v.收费;控诉;要价;指控
[记牢]
(1)in/under the charge of... 由……来负责；被……掌管(以物作主语）
=in sb’s charge （含被动含义）
in charge of 控制，管理(以人作主语)
take charge of... 负责；看管(表动作)
free of charge... 免费（=for free）
(2)charge (sb) for sth 为......(向某人)要价/收费
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
（3）charger n.充电器
in/under the charge of
for
with
took charge of
②The hotel charges 200 yuan a day______ this room.
③The police charged the thief ______stealing the jewels.
④The company was badly organized before she________________it.
在她掌管之前,这家公司管理很差.
(2)一句多译
当老板不在的时候汤姆负责管理公司。
⑤The company is____________________Tom when the boss is away.
⑥Tom is_______________the company when the boss is away.
in charge of
6. suspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
suspect sth 怀疑某事
suspect sb/sth to be... 怀疑某人/某物是…
suspect sb of doing/having done sth
怀疑某人做过某事
suspect +that从句 怀疑......
of
I suspected him to be a thief
Suspecting
单句语法填空
①What made you suspect her______having taken the money
补全句子
②Judging from his abnormal behaviour,_____________________.
从他不正常的行为来判断，我怀疑他是个小偷。
③_____________ nothing,he walked right into the trap.
什么也没怀疑，他径直走进了陷阱。
②I have no reason_________(suspect) her honesty.
③The police suspected that Bill did it.
=The police suspected Bill___________doing it.
④We all suspect her________(be) an actress, but no one knows her.
⑤(2020 年新高考全国卷I)... on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when____________(suspect) of drug dealing.
6._____________________________________
are now being investigated.
与案件有关的两名犯罪嫌疑人正在接受调查。
to suspect
of
to be
suspected
Two suspects in connection with the case
7.die from 死于......;因......而死（原因多来自外部）
die of 死于……(原因多来自内部)
die away (声音、光线等)逐渐减弱;逐渐消失 die down 逐渐减弱/降低;逐渐平息;逐渐暗淡 die off 一一死去;先后死去
die out 灭亡;(指习俗、做法等)逐渐消失;过时 die for 为……而死
(1)单句语法填空
②It shocked me to hear that he died______the traffic accident.
③Nowadays more and more people die_______cancer.
④The deer in the forest are all dying______ from disease.
(2)表达纠误
⑤It's reported that thousands of people die for illegal driving each year.(句中的_______改为______)
from
of
off
for
from
8.serve vt.招待;侍候;服务;供应;提供;为……服务;履行义务vi.可用作;可当……使
(1)serve sb. with sth.=serve sb.sth.
向某人提供某物;用某物招待某人
serve sth. to sb. 用某物招待某人
(2)serve the people heart and soul
全心全意为人民服务
serve in the army 在部队服役
(3)serve as 充当;担任
②The hotel usually_________(serve) tea
at three. Don't miss it.
③The waiter serves the customer with tea.
=The waiter serves tea________the customer.
④The sofa will be served_______a bed
for a night.
serves
to
as
9.make sense 讲得通；有意义
make no sense 没道理;没意义
make sense of 理解;弄懂
in a/some sense 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不;决非(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
(1)完成句子
② We read through the poem, but could not___________________it.
这首诗我们从头到尾读了一遍,但没弄懂它。
make sense of
③In no sense____________________.Keep
trying and you will make it sooner or later.
你决不应该灰心丧气。继续尝试,你迟早会成功的。
④(2020 年全国卷I书面表达)_____________,he is virtually a beacon of hope, encouraging
us never to give up.
从某种意义上说，他实际上是一个希望的灯塔,鼓励我们永不放弃。
⑤This sentence he has made doesn't make sense.
= This sentence he has made_______________
他造的这个句子没有意义。
In a/some sense
makes no sense
should you lose heart
10.assistant n.助手;助理;售货员
(1)assistance n. 援助;帮助
come to one's assistance
帮助某人
(2)assist vt. 帮助;协助;援助
assist sb. in doing sth.
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事assist sb.in/with sth.
②To be honest,his_________(assist)has a great impact on me.
③I am willing to assist you with your Mandarin.
=I am willing____________________ Mandarin.
=I am willing____________________ Mandarin.
我乐意帮助你学习普通话。
assistance
to assist you to learn
to assist you in learning
11.break 相关短语
break in 强行进入；打断
break through 突破；冲破
break up 破碎；解散；分手
break off 断开；中断；停顿
break away from 逃脱；脱离
break into 强行闯入；突然开始
break down 出故障；垮掉；（谈判等）失败；打破；消除break out (战争、打斗等)突然开始；爆发
12.come 短语
come across 偶遇;被理解
come along 一起去;进步
come off 脱落;落下;摔倒
come out 出来；出版;发行；显现；结果是come over 来访;拜访
come through 收到;传来;安然度过
come up with 提出;想出
come down 下来；下降;倒塌；
患(病)；染上(小病)
come about（尤指未经计划地）发生；产生
短语练习
1. break的短语
1) He decided to ____________from home after graduation.
2) The two countries are going to meet to _____________ some barriers to trade between them.
3) I was still sleeping when the fire _____________, and then it spread quickly.
4) The police came running and____________the crowd.
5) Burglars __________________ when we were away.
2. come的短语
1) Please tell me how the accident__________ .
2) She______________ some old photographs in a drawer.
3) That old building ____________ on a rainy morning.
4) He ________________ a good idea at the meeting.
5) It _____________ that he had been telling a pack of lies.
break away
break down
broke out
broke up
had broken in
came about
came across
came down
came up with
came out
13.gifted adj.有才华的,有天赋的(同义词:talented)常见搭配:be gifted in( = be talented in)在……方面有天赋
Brian is gifted in composing; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.布莱恩有作曲的天赋;他很可能成为下一个贝多芬。
归纳拓展
gift n.[C]礼物,赠品;才能,天赋(= talent/genius ) have genius/a gift/( a) talent for...有……的天赋
_________________________________________________这个小女孩有绘画的天赋。
The little girl has genius/a gift/( a ) talent for painting.
14.fault(1)n.[U]过错,责任,过失
be at fault 有过错,应当负责
(2)n.[C]缺点;毛病,缺陷,故障
find fault with... 挑……的错,找….…的茬
(3)faulty adj.有错误的
faultless adj.完美无缺的
完成句子：
Perhaps the railway authorities________________ for poor signalling system.
或许,铁路部门应该对糟糕的信号系统负责。
He always_________________ others,so everyone doesn't like him .他总是找别人的茬，因此每个人都不喜欢他。
are at fault
finds fault with
基础知识巩固
练习
一. 词汇拓展。
1. __________ adj. 极为恶劣的；严厉的→__________ adv.十分严重地；严峻地
2. __________vt.使懊恼→__________adj.令人沮丧的→_______ adj.懊恼的，失意的→____________ n.懊恼，失意,灰心
3. ________ vt.证明 link v.证明是→ _______ n.证据；证明；检验
4. _________vt.使传染；感染→___________ adj.传染的→________ n.传染
5. ________ adj. 干净的，纯的，纯粹的→_________v. 净化
6. __________ v. 减少；降低→_________ v.（反义词）增加，增强
7. __________ v.改变，转变→______________ n. 转变，改变
frustration
frustrating
frustrated
frustrate
severely
severe
infectious
infect
purify
pure
infection
transformation
transform
increase
decrease
prove
proof
8. _________ adj. 爱国的→___________adv. 爱国地→_________n. 爱国主义
9. ___________adj. 机械的→____________ adv. 机械地，呆板地→________________ n. 机械师
10. _________v. 保卫，辩解→_________n. 防御，防卫→___________ adj.自卫的
11. ________ v. 帮助，参加→__________ n. 助理，助手→_____________n. 援助，帮助
12. _________ n. 礼物，天赋→__________ adj. 有天赋的
13. __________ adj. 稳定的，平稳的→_________adv. 稳定地；稳固地
14. __________ n. 天文学→___________ n. 天文学家
15. _________adj .生动的→_________adv. 生动地
assistant
assistance
defensive
assist
defend
defence
patriotically
mechanically
patriotic
patriotism
mechanical
mechanic
astronomer
astronomy
steadily
steady
vividly
vivid
gift
gifted
二. 重点短语。
1.最终地；彻底地
2.同意；赞同
3.幸亏；由于
4.(战争、打斗等)突然开始；爆发
5.主管；掌管
6.患(病)；染上(小病)
7.最重要的是；尤其是
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down
above all
二. 重点短语。
(2)拓展补充短语
1. 被... 感染_________________
2. 怀疑某人(做了)某事_______________
3. 因某事责备某人_________________
4. 与...有联系 _________________
5. 把...变成..._________________
6. 免费_________________
be to blame
free of charge=for free
suspect sb. of (doing) sth.
be infected with
link...to/with...
transform...into...
7. 为了保卫_______________
8. 帮助某人做某事____________________
__________________
__________________
9. 对...有天赋 ____________________
10. 挑剔，抱怨，找茬_____________________
in defence of
assist sb. with sth.
assist sb. to do sth.
assist sb. in doing sth.
have a gift/talent for…
find fault with sb.