Unit7 Seasons Grammar课件 2024-2025学年初中英语牛津译林版八年级上册

(共48张PPT)
Unit 7 Seasons
Verbs and sentence structures
识别五种基本句型结构：
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+DO+OC
Review—Try to retell the four seasons.
summer
quiet streams, trees and shade eat ice cream
winter
full of snow birds fly far away
spring
a perfect time to fly a kite/bees and butterflies play
among flowers
autumn
brown leaves fall on the ground farmers harvest crop
1
2
3
4
Presentation
clouds n. 云
cough vi. 咳嗽
kick the football
vt. 踢
fever n. 发烧
动词通常分为实义动词（也叫行为动词）、系动词、助动词和情态动词。动词是句子的主干成分之一。
学习动词要结合句子结构，才能更好地掌握动词的用法。本课学习由实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）和系动词作谓语的基本句型结构。
动词
例如：
The students study English and Chinese.
（study作及物动词）
The students study hard.
（study作不及物动词）
We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning.
（arrive作不及物动词）
注意：有些实义动词既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词；有些不及物动词后接介词后，可以跟宾语。
1.实义动词分为_____动词和_______动词。所谓及物，是指可以直接跟宾语。
需接宾语或能直接跟宾语的动词叫及物动词，无需跟宾语或不能直接跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。
例如：
★实义动词和系动词
及物
不及物
Let’s collect some old stamps for Mr Lin.
（collect作及物动词）
Larry made a travel plan for us and I agreed.
（agree作不及物动词）
系动词可以表示状态（如be）、持续（如keep）、
表像（如look）、感官（如feel）、变化（如become）等。
2. 系动词的功能是把表语和它的主语联系在
一起，说明主语的属性、特征或状态。可以用作表语的有名词、形容词、某些副词、介词短语、动词不定式等。系动词本身具有词义，但意义不完整，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。
常见的系动词有：
be （am、is、are）
become 成为、变得
feel 感觉
get 获得、变得
grow 成长
look 看起来
seem 似乎、好像
smell 闻起来
sound 听起来
stay 停留、保持
taste 尝起来
turn 转动、转身
The man is a teacher.
Mr Su keeps busy these days.
The little girl looks very happy.
I feel hot in the room.
Davie became a doctor later.
例如：
Verbs and sentence structures
Look at three sentences. Pay attention to the verbs.
The snowy season will begin.
Children can eat ice cream.
The autumn leaves turn brown.
不及物动词（vi.）
及物动词（vt.）
系动词（linking v.）
一个陈述句通常由主语与谓语动词开头。我们把谓语动词分为三类：及物动词（vt）、不及物动词（vi）、系动词（link-v）
The snowy season will begin.
The temperature drops.
Intransitive verbs不及物动词（vi.）后不接宾语。
vi.
Children can eat ice cream.
Farmers harvest crops.
Transitive verbs及物动词（vt.）后面能直接加宾语。
vt.
White snow covers the whole earth.
The autumn leaves turn brown.
The flowers are beautiful.
系动词可以连接主语和修饰主语的形容词短语成名词短语。
linking v.
The weather becomes cool.
linking verbs
be become feel get look seem sound stay smell ..
说出下列动词是及物动词（vt）、不及物动词（vi）、还是系动词（link-v）
(l) My sister works.
(2) Lucy is reading a book.
(3) My father bought me a new bike.
(4) The students keep healthy by cycling at weekends.
vi.
vt.
vt.
link -v
(5) Where does the boy live
(6) The fish tastes delicious. Would you like to try it
(7) A terrible traffic accident happened on a rainy evening.
(8) I am a member of the dancing club.
vi.
vt.
vi.
link -v
Subject (S ) 主语
Verb (V) 谓语
Object (O) 宾语
Predicative (P) 表语
Direct object (DO) 直接宾语
Indirect object (IO) 间接宾语
Object complement (OC) 宾语补足语
Presentation
Five kinds of sentences structures
五种句子结构
(1) 主语+ 谓语(S + V)
(2) 主语+ 谓语+ 直接宾语(S + V + DO)
(3) 主语+ 连系动词+ 表语(S + V + P)
(4) 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(S + V + IO + DO)
(5) 主语+ 谓语+ 直接宾语+ 宾语补足语(S + V+ DO + OC)
I
Presentation
1. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语(+状语)
常见的系动词有be 动词的不同形式、 look、 feel、 taste、 sound、 smell、 get、 keep等, 其后常接形容词作表语。
These books are great.
Tom is very happy today.
S V P
S V P 时间状语
The first book came out in 2003.
We didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
I went to Guilin for my holiday.
2. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)
谓语是不及物动词, 后不能直接接名词或代词。
S V 时间状语
S V 地点状语 + 时间状语
S V 地点状语 + 目的状语
3. 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+宾语(+状语)
谓语是及物动词, 后可直接接名词或代词。
I bought a very good book yesterday.
My father loves pictures of cars.
He wrote a book in senior high school.
S V O 时间状语
S V O
S V O 地点状语
Sentence structures
(1) The boy is swimming. (vi.)
这个句子的基本结构：______________________
(2) Sandy watches (vt.) clouds.
这个句子的基本结构：________________________
(3) The film was (linking v.) interesting.
这个句子的基本结构：_________________________
S+V (主语+不及物动词)
S+V+O(主语+及物动词+宾语)
S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语)
动词的不同决定了句子结构的不同
当谓语动词是不及物动词，句子结构是:
S+V
当谓语动词是及物动词时，句子结构是:
S+V+O
当谓语动词是系动词时，句子结构是:
S+V+P
判断下列句子结构
We have four seasons.
They are quite different.
Sprig is warm and sunny.
We fly kites.
S
V
O
S
V
P
S
V
P
S
V
O
5. We like summer.
6. Ice cream tastes nice.
7. Autumn arrives.
8. Snow falls.
S
V
O
S
V
P
S
V
S
V
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V
S+V
II
两个特殊的句子结构
Kitty gives Simon some books.
S+V+IO+DO(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
Simon found the weather warm.
S+V+DO+OC(主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语)
Presentation
1. 由及物动词构成的基本句型结构有三种：
△主+谓+宾（S + V + O）。
例如：
Wendy bought a book.
△主+谓+间宾+直宾（S + V + IO +DO）。
例如：Nancy gave me a hat.
IO (间接宾语人) DO (直接宾语物)
Hobo built Eddie a tent.
IO (间接宾语人) DO (直接宾语物)
在这一结构中，间接宾语可改成一个由to/ for引导的短语。
在双宾语句子中
间接宾语往往是人，
直接宾语往往是物。
例如：
Nancy gave a hat to me.
Hobo built a tent for Eddie.
能与for搭配的动词有:
bring build buy cook find get leave make order pick save
能与to搭配的动词有:
bring give hand lend offer pass pay post read sell send show take teach tell write
(1) “主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”。在表达时，常常是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如：
This term， Mr. Wang teaches us Chinese.
He gave me a bike.
时间状语 S V IO DO
S V IO DO
(2) “主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词to /for + 间接宾语”。在具体表达时，可以将直接宾语提前。如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，这时，要根据具体的意思在间接宾语前加上相应的介词。如：
S V DO IO
S V DO IO
My parents bought some storybooks for me.
They gave a lot of storybooks to us.
(3). 主语+ 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语(+状语)
宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的情况。作宾语补足语的词通常是名词、动词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或动名词等。
We can help you develop new skills.
I don’t want you to work too hard.
The news made everyone happy.
不带to 的动词不定式做宾补
带to的动词
不定式做宾补
形容词做宾补
状语
Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.
= Hobe gave some ice cream to Eddie.
S
V
IO
DO
如果动词是
bring give hand lend offer pass pay teach tell ..
可以用to来改写句子。
For example
Hobo built Eddie a tent.
= Hobo built a tent for Eddie.
S
V
IO
DO
如果动词是
bring build buy cook find get leave make order pick…
可以用for来改写句子。
Presentation
2. 由不及物动词构成的基本句型结构只有一 种：
△主+谓（S + V）。
例如：The car stopped.
△主+谓+直宾+宾补（S +V+ DO + OC）。
例如：The workers make the city beautiful.
DO 直接宾语 OC 宾语补足语
3. 由系动词构成的基本句型结构只有一种：
△主+系+表（S + V + P表语）。
例如：Sara is slim.
可以在上面五种句子结构中加状语。状语可以用来表示时间、地点、以及动作是如何发生的。
e.g. Hobo built Eddie a tent
with sticks at the beach yesterday.
how
where
when
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V
S+V+DO+OC+地点状语
Ⅰ. 仔细观察下列句子，判断其属于哪种基本句型结构，并将该句型结构的字母代号填在题前的括号内。（同p114）
S + V
B. S + V + O
C. S + V + P
D. S + V + IO + DO
E. S + V + DO + OC
( )1. Amy watched a film last Sunday.
( )2. Miss Wu is on a trip.
( )3. Jeff is running in the playground.
( )4. She felt very tired.
( )5. I sent Linda some Christmas cards.
( )6. My parents want me to becaome an engineer in the future.
( )7. Autumn arrives.
( )8. We made him the new monitor.
( )9. Mrs Yang cooked us a big dinner.
( )10. They love this game .
B
B
C
C
A
A
D
D
E
E
Summary
S+V
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V+IO+DO
S+V+IO+OC
1. Review the Grammar. Using the five kinds of sentence structures to make some sentences. (at least 10)
3. To preview Integrated skills on page 87-88.