北京市通州区2023-2024学年高一下学期7月期末考试 英语试题 （含答案）

通州区2023—2024学年第二学期高一年级期末质量检测
英语试卷
2024年7月
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Reagan, a book lover, looked up from his reading as the bell rang over the entrance to the bookstore. Puzzled, he watched for a minute as Darya ___1___ toward the counter (柜台) as if to ask a question. It didn’t make sense that Darya, one of the school’s top athletes, was in a bookstore. Not wanting to be noticed, Reagan ___2___ found another volume to read. He wouldn’t know what to say if she tried to start a conversation because he thought they two were too different to have anything to ___3___.
“Hey, Reagan.” Her greeting ___4___ him, and his breath caught in his throat as it became apparent he hadn’t escaped after all. “Maybe you can help me.” He doubted it, but he managed to choke out a reply. “Me ” “I’m trying to ___5___ a book on soccer skills. I won’t be able to go to camp over spring break, and I need to improve my game before the next season begins.”
Reagan swallowed, then motioned randomly with his hands before he found his voice. “Sure. Over here.” He thought it would save confusion if he just ___6___ the way rather than try to point her in the right direction. As she followed him through the shelves, he dared to imagine they might not be so ___7___ after all. He felt a brief flash of hope, the sun shining suddenly where all had been gray. ___8___, one of Darya’s teammates appeared as if out of nowhere, urging her to finish any purchases, or they would be late for practice. Sighing, Reagan realized nothing had really changed; the differences would never let them break down those barriers, even if they so chose.
Instead, she turned to Reagan with a ___9___ smile, “Thanks for your help, and hey, maybe we could play soccer sometime ” Surprised but pleased, Reagan’s heart leapt at the unexpected ____10____, a sign that perhaps the barriers were not as insurmountable (跨越) as he’d thought.
1. A. rushed B. walked C. drove D. turned
2. A. apparently B. obviously C. quickly D. finally
3. A. talk about B. deal with C. carry out D. settle in
4. A. inspired B. reminded C. attacked D. surprised
5 A. locate B. figure C. gather D. deliver
6. A. controlled B. led C. designed D. made
7. A. particular B. unique C. different D. determined
8. A. Luckily B. Actually C. Slowly D. Immediately
9. A. warm B. forced C. crazy D. determined
10. A. congratulation B. invitation C. election D. fortune
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As a five-year-old girl, Lin Qiaozhi was deeply affected by her mother’s death. At age 18, instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls, she ___11___ (choose) to study medicine. “Why should girls learn so much ___12___ (find) a good husband should be their final goal!” her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. She responded, “I’d rather stay a single ___13___ (study) all my life!”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum that showed the historical changes in California. In 1848, gold was discovered near San Francisco, ___14___ started a gold rush. Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek ___15___ (they) fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. Many Chinese arrived during this period. ___16___ (earn) a living, some opened up shops and restaurants ___17___ Chinatown. Many others found jobs on farms, joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world ___18___ (make) to a higher standard now because of advanced technology. For example, space technologies ___19___ (help) the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are ___20___ (wide) used in all kinds of industries.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
British Science Week is happening in March. “Time” is this year’s theme. The movement of planet Earth explains why we have different seasons over the year and why we need time zones. Microsecond accuracy keeps our computer systems ticking and helps global positioning satellites to provide us with precise location information. In fact, time is very necessary for us and is key to so many STEM discoveries. The week hopes to raise awareness and stimulate enthusiasm for STEM subjects. There will be lots of events across the UK and many different ways for you to experience time.
Astronomical Time
At The Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, you can explore the origins of telling the time, and how time-telling instruments have evolved. We’ll also find out what solutions inventors and innovators of the past came up with to measure time, help sailors at sea, and standardize time—ensuring people in and across communities were using the same or similar time.
Making Time
The Museum of Timekeeping is home to a fascinating collection of clocks, watches, and timepieces. You can have a guided tour of the museum galleries and listen to some of the stories behind the artifacts. You can see the watch worn by Captain Scott on his ill-fated Antarctic expedition of 1912 and get to hear the voice of the first Speaking Clock (a phone number you could call to find out what time it was).
Passing of Time
Formed over one million years ago, Cheddar Gorge is Britain’s biggest gorge (deep, narrow valley). It is 137 meters deep and three miles long. It was carved by meltwater floods, leaving behind mysterious caves. The most famous is Gough’s Cave, where Britain’s oldest complete skeleton, known as the Cheddar Man, which dates back over 10,000 years and was discovered in 1903. You can focus on how our ancestors lived and understand the past.
21. Where can you explore what methods have been proposed to measure time
A. The Royal Observatory. B. Greenwich Park. C. Museum of Timekeeping. D. Cheddar Gorge.
22. What can you discover at the Museum of Timekeeping
A. Instruments for sea exploration. B. Clocks watches, and timepieces.
C. Some music about Antarctic expedition. D. The Cheddar Man’s collection of artifacts.
23. What is the significance of Cheddar Gorge
A. It is the deepest gorge in the world. B. It tells how the caves were destroyed.
C. It shows where the meltwater floods came from. D. It provides insight into how our ancestors lived.
24. What is the main purpose of British Science Week
A. To provide tours at the Museum of Timekeeping.
B. To explore the history of timekeeping instruments.
C. To highlight the geological history of Cheddar Gorge.
D. To promote STEM subjects through events related to the theme of “Time.”
B
It was the day of the big cross-country run. Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route through thick evergreen forest. I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run. What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school’s coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.” I bit back my frustration (懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross-country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. The race started. The route seemed long, especially for a child with a brain disease. David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses. He tripped within the first few kilometers but quickly picked himself up and continued. Classmates cheered, “Come on! You can make it! We’re proud of you!”
To everyone’s joy, he reached the finish line and ranked 20th. It wasn’t important whether he won first place. It was his brave heart and strong faith that made something unusual happen.
25. Why did the coach ask David to make the decision
A The coach didn’t want David to get injured. B. The coach thought David was too weak to run.
C. The coach feared David would be made fun of. D. The coach believed David should focus on his studies.
26. How did David’s classmates view him at school
A. They felt sorry for him. B. They saw him as a normal kid.
C. They often played tricks on him. D. They prevented him from activities.
27. What can we learn from David’s story
A. He won first place with other’s help.
B. He was the most modest among all the children.
C. His behavors proved his heart disease was a problem.
D. His determination and faith made the achievement special.
C
Space exploration has produced valuable insights about Earth, the solar system and beyond. However, massive space activity over the past few decades has led to unintended orbital debris (残骸).
Every launch of satellites or rockets adds to the problem, increasing the risk that negatively influences not only space missions but also future endeavors. Since the 1957 launch of Sputnik-1, human activity in Earth’s orbit has caused significant distortions in space, raising serious concerns about the debris left behind.
This ever-increasing threat can be best understood through the Kessler syndrome in space. This phenomenon occurs when objects in low Earth orbit (LEO) become so crowded that they begin to hit each other, creating more debris and more collisions (碰撞), thus resulting in chain reactions of mergers and fissions. Many experts warn that LEO is moving towards Kessler’s syndrome.
Accidental collisions in space also increase the orbital overload, such as the 2009 collision between two satellites, Kosmos 2251 and Iridium 33. Such events have worsened the orbital debris problem and raised the prospect of disastrous space conditions.
The need for sustainable space activities and the reduction of space debris is being emphasized globally to address the rising space pollution. Therefore, governments have issued many regulatory measures, including active debris removal (ADR) technologies or pollution prevention, which are either planned, tested, or already carried out to protect both existing spacecraft and ones set to be launched.
Besides regulatory measures, several mitigating methods are also used to reduce the orbital overload. One such method involves causing a satellite to break down naturally by bringing it closer to Earth’s surface so it burns up in the atmosphere. This method is considered cost-effective because the defunct satellite can be pushed toward the Earth’s surface at a lower altitude using a physical tool like a net or an air-bursting tool. Another similar technology uses a harpoon that is fired in the direction of the targeted spacecraft to capture it and direct it towards Earth in an active manner, causing the debris to deorbit and plan atmospheric incineration.
To reduce the long-term risk of collisions, the focus needs to be on reducing the amount of debris in the orbit. International cooperation and continued investment in debris reduction technologies are carried out to reduce the potentially disastrous consequences of an overcrowded orbit.
28. What is the parimary concern regarding orbital debris
A. Its impact on weather patterns. B. Its impact on future space missions.
C. Its impact on satellite communication. D. Its impact on natural atmospheric processes.
29. What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A. Lessening. B. Worsening. C. Curing. D. Strengthening.
30. What are some regulatory and mitigation measures to address space debris
A. Frequent satellite launches. B. More space tourism for tax.
C. Active debris removal technologies. D. More space telescopes for monitoring.
31. What can we learn from this passage
A. There are no existing methods to reduce space debris.
B. Reducing space debris calls for joint and further efforts.
C. The kessler syndrome is a minor concern for space missions.
D. Active debris removal (ADR) technologies are the only solution to space debris.
D
An international team of fossil (化石) hunters has discovered the remains of a “nursery” of prehistoric sea creatures in China. The fossils date back to around 518 million years ago—a time known as the Cambrian Period, when all life on Earth lived in the oceans. It is very rare to find so many fossils from the Cambrian Period in one place.
The scientists, led by Xianfeng Yang from Yunnan University, found 2,846 fossils from 118 different species at the site, near the city of Kunming. They include ancient ancestors of modern-day insects, shellfish and worms, as well as extinct trilobites (三叶虫). Seventeen of the species discovered are new to science, and more than half of the fossils are young animals.
This has led researchers to the conclusion that the site was a sort of deep-sea nursery where conditions were well suited for young creatures to grow. When the sea bed was covered by soft mud (泥) these creatures’ remains were perfectly preserved, eventually creating a layer of fossil-rich rock.
Alongside hard body parts, like bones and teeth, soft tissue was also preserved, which is especially important when looking back to a period when most animals had soft bodies. Some of the fossils are so well preserved that researchers have been able to spot body parts they’ve never seen before.
One benefit of all the young creatures fossils is that scientists will be able to learn how the creatures changed as they aged. “We’ll see how different body parts grew over time,” explained researcher Julien Kimmig, from Penn State University in the US, “which is something we currently do not know about for most of these groups.” What’s more, Kimmig and his colleagues will be able to compare the creatures with living things today. “We will see if how these animals develop today is similar to how they developed 500 million years ago, or if something has changed throughout time.”
32. What can we learn about the fossils found
A. Half of them are extinct sea creatures. B. They are spread out over different sites.
C. Some of them are previously unknown species. D. They belong to rare animals living in the oceans.
33 What kept the creatures’ remains from being damaged
A. They were protected in rocks. B. They were buried in the deep sea.
C. The seafloor was coated with mud. D. The sea bed was in good condition.
34. What do scientists want to learn from the fossils
A. The creatures’ age. B. Changes in the creatures’ growth.
C. Similarities between these species groups. D. The creatures’ impact on living things today.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Culture shock is the feeling of uncertainty, confusion, or anxiety that people may get when they live in or visit another country that differs from their own. ______35______ It can undoubtedly affect people’s lives. The following are some ways to deal with culture shock.
Have a good understanding of culture and culture shock. There are many factors that make up a culture, including shared beliefs, traditions and morals.______36______ It’s because they are surrounded by people with the same beliefs and values, and cultural differences are only clear when you meet someone else’s culture.
Keep a journal(日记) of your thoughts._____37_____And you are feeling a bit overwhelmed (不知所措的) with the culture there. Rather than giving in to your anxiety, write it out. Write down how you felt at the moment and what troubled you or made you happy that day. You can also put something down if you’re missing anyone from your hometown. ______38______Don’t allow yourself to become a recluse (隐居者) during this experience. You can share your feelings and experiences with your relatives and friends. If you are studying abroad and have other classmates who have similar feelings, connect with them as well as with those who are adjusting a bit more easily.
Do some things you usually like. Don’t allow the culture shock to occupy your mind. And try to do something interesting to replace a range of negative emotions, including anxiety, sadness, anger, homesickness, and sometimes even depression._____39_____Or practice your hobbies like reading and dancing.
A. Share your culture.
B. Talk to others about your experiences.
C. Try to step outside of your own culture.
D. Sometimes such a feeling can be very strong.
E. You can watch movies or listen to music that you enjoy.
F. Many people don’t realize how culture influences them.
G. Perhaps you have recently moved to a new city or country.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分)
根据中文和给出的英文提示词语，完成下列英文句子。将答案写在答题卡指定区域内。
40. 唐人街是多元文化的一个重要组成部分。(Chinatowns, diverse culture)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. 在那时候，来自中国的移民定居在这个地区。（immigrants, settle）（汉译英）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. 作为医生，我们必须对患者负责。(responsible, patients)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. 工作了几年之后，林医生被派往欧洲学习。(send, Europe)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
44. 太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。(explore space, benefits)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
45. 在此之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。(travelling into space, impossible dream)(汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
46. 假设你是红星中学李华，你的英国朋友Jim暑期想要来中国旅游，了解中国少数民族文化。请你给他写一封电子邮件，帮他推荐一座城市，内容包括：
1．你建议及理由;
2．你的祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数;
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
11. chose 12. Finding 13. to study
14. which 15. their 16. To 17. in
18. are made 19. have helped 20. widely
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D
25. C 26. B 27. D
28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B
32. C 33. D 34. B
35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. E
40. Chinatowns are an important part of diverse culture.
41. In those days, the immigrants from China settled in the area。
42. As doctors, we must be responsible for our patients.
43. was sent to Europe to study。整体翻译为“After working for several years, Dr. Lin was sent to Europe to study.”
44. Exploring space has brought various benefits to the world。
45. Before that, most people thought that travelling into space was an impossible dream.
46. Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled to hear about your upcoming visit to China and your interest in exploring our rich ethnic diversity. I’d highly recommend you to visit Guilin, a city not only famous for its breathtaking landscapes but also for its vibrant Miao and Zhuang cultures. The Longji Rice Terraces offer a stunning view while giving insights into the agricultural practices of these communities. Additionally, attending a local festival, such as the Miao New Year, will immerse you in traditional music, dance, and cuisine.
Wishing you an unforgettable journey filled with discovery and joy. May this trip enrich your understanding of Chinese culture and leave you with cherished memories.
Looking forward to hearing all about your adventures when you return.
Yours,
Li Hua