人教版八年级上册Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!重难点精讲

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!重难点精讲
Section A Talk about consequence 谈论后果
1. If you go to the party , you will have a great time P 73 title
(1) have a good/great time = have fun= enjoy oneself 玩得开心；过得愉快▲▲▲▲
have a good/great time（in） doing sth.= have fun （in） doing sth.= enjoy oneself （in） doing sth.开开心心做某事▲▲▲▲▲
（2）if conj. （表条件）如果；（表假设）要是，假如（条件状语从句）；（用于间接疑问）是否(宾语从句)；
n. 条件，设想；不确定的情况
if so 如果如此 if possible 如果可能
if conj. （表条件）如果；（表假设）要是，假如（条件状语从句）；遵循“主将从现”、“主现从现”、“主祈从现”、“主情从现”（情态动词为现在时）、“主过从过”原则。
★★★★★注意 if引导的条状状语从句的从句为非真实条件时候的“虚拟语气” (详见语法讲义) If I _________(be) you , I ___________(take) a small gift . were； would take
②unless conj. 除非；若非 引导条件状语从句： unless= if….not
prep. 除……之外
eg : Let go out for a walk unless you are too tired .= If you are not too tired, let’s go out for a walk. 我们出去散步吧，除非你太累。
小试牛刀：
①These people had a good time when they visited Huang Mountain.(改为同义句)
= These people ________ ________when they visited Huang Mountain.
= These people ________ ________when they visited Huang Mountain.
②They always have fun __________(visit) their friends and relatives during the Spring Festival.
③---I really want to know if Lucy_________ here tomorrow. ---If she__________, Lucy will tell me first .
A. comes; will come B. will come; comes
C. came; will come D. comes; comes
Keys:①had fun= enjoyed themselves ②visiting ③ B
2. The students are talking about when to have (a class party/ a class meeting/a birthday party). P74 2a
(1) what to do next 下一步该做什么 which one to choose 该选择哪一个
(2)how/when/where/why/who to do sth. 如何做某事
小试牛刀：
①Wang Lei doesn’t know ____________ next.
A. how to do B. what to do C. when to do C. why to do
②The students are having a discussion about where they will go on vacation.(改为同义句)
The students are having a discussion about ________ __________go on vacation.
Keys : ①B ②where to
3. Half the class won’t come. P74 2b
half n. 一半，二分之一；半场，半局；（足球、橄榄球等的）中场队员
pron. 一半；（时间）……点半（=half past）；大量，许多
half 意为“一半”，复数形式是halves。使用时应注意以下几点：
注意：①“half + 名词”或“half of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由所接名词的单、复数形式来决定，名词是中心词。例如：
Half (of) the oranges are bad. 一半的桔子坏了。Half (of) my classmates don’t come.
Half (of) the car was damaged. 那辆车有一半被损坏了。
②“……个半……”可表达为“数词 + 名词 + and a half”或“数词 + and a half + 名词（复数）”。例如： 三个半月 three months and a half / three and a half months
小试牛刀：
①Half of the surface（表面）of the lake_________(be) polluted.
②Over half of young people ___________(have) on interest in National affairs.
Keys :①is ②have
4. What will happen if they have the party today P74 2b
What will happen if…… 如果…….将会发生什么？如果….怎么办？
(1) happen v. 发生；使遭遇；碰巧
第三人称单数 happens现在分词 happening过去式 happened过去分词 happened
①sth. happened +介词+时间/地点 某事发生在某时/某地
②Sth. happened +to sb. 某事发生在某人身上（通常指不幸的事情）
③happened to do sth. 偶然做….；碰巧做…..=do sth. by chance/accident/accidentally
④happened to be done ….偶然被做……
(2) happen与take place的区别
①happen作“发生、碰巧”之意，用于表明偶然发生的，没有预料到的事情。
②take place 为稍正式用语。 一般指非偶然性的事件的“发生”，即这件事的发生一定有某种原因或事先安排。除“发生”外，还有“进行、举行、开展”
★★★★★ happen/take place 作为“发生”不可用于被动语态。
小试牛刀：
①We happened to meet the Greens in shanghai .(改为同义句)
=We________ the Greens_______ ________ in shanghai .
②Unluckily, a car accident happened __________ Tom’s brother.
A. on B. in C. to D. over
Keys :①met; by chance/accident ②C
5. What will Mark organize？ P74 2d
organize v. 组织，筹备；
第三人称单数 organizes现在分词 organizing过去式 organized过去分词 organized
①organize doing sth. 组织做某事 ②organize sb. to do sth. 组织某人做某事
organization n. 组织，机构；组织工作，筹备工作
organized adj. 有组织的，系统的；
6. Let’s order the food from a restaurant. P 74 2d
order n. 命令，指示；顺序，次序；井然有序，整齐；秩序，治安；
v. 命令，指示；就……下令；订购，订货；点（菜），点（饮料）；
复数 orders第三人称单数 orders现在分词 ordering过去式 ordered过去分词 ordered
（1）take one’s order 点餐；点菜
（2）主句+in order that+从句（引导目的状语从句）= 主句+so that +从句 “为了……;以便于……”
（3）in order (not) to do sth. 为了（不）做某事= so as (not) to do sth.
so as (not) to do sth.不用于句首
（4）in order 整齐，秩序井然；按顺序；状况良好
（5）out of order 次序颠倒，发生故障
（6）order sb.(not) to do sth. 命令某人（不）做某事
小试牛刀：
①Lind’s brother ordered her __________(clean) her room right away.
②Lucy studies harder and harder so that she can get a good job in the future.(改为同义句)
= Lucy studies harder and harder______ ______ ______ she can get a good job in the future.
= Lucy studies harder and harder_______ _____ ______ get a good job in the future.
③Chinese People's Volunteer Army ordered that all the enemies gave their weapons and came out of the cave_________, or they will be punished.
A. in surprise B. in order C. in excitement D. in sadness
Keys :①to clean ②in order that = in order to ③B
7. ……..because they are too lazy to cook . P 74 2d
（1） too +adj./adv. to do sth. 太….而不能做某事
=so + +adj./adv. that +主语 can’t /couldn’t do sth. …..如此……以至于…..不…..（结果状语从句）
=……not +adj./adv.(原句中的反义词)enough to do sth. 做某事不够…….
【课堂拓展】
so + +adj./adv. that +主语 can/could do sth. …..如此……以至于…..…..（结果状语从句）
=…adj./adv. enough to do sth. 做某事足够…….
Eg.: Little Tom is so smart that he can work out all the tasks by himself.
Little Tom is smart enough to work out all the task alone/ on his own.
（2）lazy adj. 懒惰的；悠闲的，懒洋洋的；
laziness n. 怠惰，无精打采
hard-working adj.勤奋的；勤劳的
小试牛刀：
①Nowadays，most of young people are too busy to cook dinner at home. (改为同义句)
= Nowadays，most of young people are ______busy______ they______ cook dinner at home.
②This boy is too young to go to university.(改为同义句)
= This boy is _________young________ he ________ go to university.
=This boy isn’t _____ ______to go to university.
③My dear children, all of you should get over your ___________(lazy).
Keys :① so; that ; can’t ②so; that ; can’t ③laziness
8. If you don’t go to the party, they will be upset. P75 3a
upset v. 使心烦意乱，使生气；打乱，搅乱；打翻，使倾覆；翻倒；
adj. 不高兴的，心烦意乱的；（肠胃）不适的
n. 烦恼，失望；肠胃不适；
upset sb.= let sb. down= make sb. disappointed = disappoint sb=fail sb 让某人失望
小试牛刀：
①The result of my exam made me upset. (改为同义句)
= The result of my exam_______ me _________.
Keys :①let; down = made ; disappointed
9. Also, I’m not sure how to go to the party. P 75 3a
sure adj. 确信的，有把握的；肯定的，一定的
adv. （表示同意）当然；确实;无疑（用于强调）
sure=of course=certainly 当然；
①）be sure＋of／about+动名词或名词，意为“确信……”；“对……有把握”▲▲▲。但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。若后面要接反身代词，则只能用be sure of，即be sure of oneself，意为“有自信心”。例
②be sure+不定式（to do sth），意为 “必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。 然而be sure to do用在祈使句中，不是表示判断，而是表示对对方的要求，意为“务必要”，“一定要”。
③be sure+宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某事一定会……”。 I am sure that Lucy will come here tomorrow.
④make sure of/ make sure about /make sure that /make sure to do有“弄清楚；查明”之意。 另外，常见的与sure相关的短语还有：be sure of oneself 有自信心，for sure的确；确实地。
sure= certainly= of course 当然
小试牛刀：
①People may not be sure _________life on Mars until a sample of life is brought back.
A. in B. to C. about D. on
②To be a polite guest, be sure ___________there on time.
A. about getting B. of getting C.to get D. getting
③I sure that Lucy __________ to Tom’s birthday party next Friday.
A. comes B. coming C. came D. will come
Keys :①C②C③D
10. Can you give me some advice, please P75 3a
advice un. 忠告，劝告，建议；
a piece of advice一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议 three pieces of advice 三条建议
advise v. 通知，告知；劝告，建议
第三人称单数 advises现在分词 advising过去式 advised过去分词 advised
①advise sb. to do sth. （动词不定式作宾语补足语）建议某人做某事
②advise sth./doing （动名词做宾语）建议……
③advise sb. against doing sth. 建议某人反对做某事
④advise sb. on/about sth. 建议某人关于某事
⑤advise /suggest that sb. (should) do sth. （虚拟语气）
拓展：
suggest v. 提议，建议；推荐，举荐；
第三人称单数 suggests现在分词 suggesting过去式 suggested过去分词 suggested
suggestion cn. 建议，意见；提议
复数 suggestions
①suggest +doing /one’s doing 建议……
②suggest that sb.(should) do(虚拟语气)
③suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议….
④It’s suggested that ….人们建议……
⑤make a suggestion/ suggestions to sb. 向某人提出建议
⑥take/follow one’s advice/suggestions 听从某人劝告；采纳某人建议；接受某人忠告
小试牛刀：
①Here is some _________(advise) which I will provide all of you.
②Mr. Green advised Lily __________ a plan for her future study.
A. makes B. made C. to make D. make
③Milly gave us as many __________ as possible to cheer up Lucy.
A. advise B. advice C. suggest D. suggestions
④Our guide advised/suggested that we____________ a rest at the foot of mountain.
A. had B. have C. having D. to have
Keys :①advice ②C ③ D④B
Grammar Focus
If引导条件状语从句
if conj. （表条件）如果；（表假设）要是，假如（条件状语从句）；
n. 条件，设想；不确定的情况
if conj. （表条件）如果；（表假设）要是，假如（条件状语从句）；遵循“主将从现”、“主现从现”、“主祈从现”、“主情从现”（情态动词为现在时）、“主过从过”原则。
一、if ①conj. 如果；假如
（一）主从句的位置：if引导的条件状语从句，既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时，通常用逗号与主句隔开。可遵循“主将从现”、“主现从现”、“主祈从现”、“主情从现”（情态动词为现在时）、“主过从过”原则。
例如： You will catch up with the others in your class if you study hard .= If you study hard , you will catch up with the others in your class.
（二）主从句时态
1. 应遵循主、从句时态呼应的原则。当主句是一般现在时 (包含祈使句和含情态动词can, may, must等的句子)，从句也用一般现在时。
2. if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时，即“ 主将从现”
（三）注意事项
　　1. 在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时时，不能够使用be going to结构，而要用will。
例如： Dear children，I will be always with you if you are in trouble someday.
2. 在if引导的条件状语从句中不能够使用some，而要用any。例如：If you have any question about my decisions ,please come to my office for more information instead of whispering(私下议论) with others.
3. if conj. 是否（引导宾语从句）主从时态要根据句子意思来决定。
中考考点： if 引导条件状语从句和宾语从句联考。
I don’t know if it ____________tomorrow. If it ___________, we’ll go out for a picnic .
A. will rain; doesn’t rain B. will rain ; rains C. rains; will rain
（四）同义句转换
if引导的条件状语从句可以转换成简单句，其方法如下：
　　1. 借助“祈使句+and/ or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承，or“否则”表示转折。例如：
　　If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam. =Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.
　　如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。
　　If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. = Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 如果你不快点，你将会迟到。
　　2. 借助介词with 或without来转换。例如：
　　If you help me, I’ll finish my job soon. =With your help, I’ll finish my job soon.
　　如果你帮我，我将很快完成我的工作。
　　If there is no water, fish may die. = Fish may die without water. 如果没有水，鱼可能会死。
3. if 和unless转换同义句（常考点）
主句+ if …..not …… ….如果…不=主句 unless从句….. …..除非……
If Tom doesn’t invite me tomorrow, I won’t go to his party.= I won’t go to Tom’s party unless he invites me.
★unless conj. 除非，除非在……情况下；若非，如果不
prep. 除……之外；除……之外
unless是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，含有否定意义，相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式。所以unless = if not。注意：unless引导的条件状语从句和if条件状语从句，与其它时间状语从句一样，用一般现在时代替将来时。
一、unless的基本用法
连词unless意为“除非……如果不……”，“除了……”，多引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件旬。unless引导条件句时，主要用于下列情况。
(1)主句为肯定句。如：
Unless I visit every bookstore in town．I shall not know whether I can get what l want．如果我不到城里每一家书店去看看，我就不知道是否能买到我想要的书。
(2)主句为否定句。如：
Unless you oil the motor regularly．it won’t run smoothly．要不是你经常给发动机上油。它就不会转得那么顺畅。
I wouldn't be saying this unless I were sure of the facts．要是我对这些事情没有把握，我就不说这话了。
二、unless从句中成分的省略
①unless 从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，unless从句中的主语和谓语（或一部分）有时可省略。 例如：Unless (he is) in uniform, he doesn’t look like a policeman.
三、unless从句的时态
主句是一般将来时态、祈使句或谓语中含有情态动词或主句是一般现在时，unless引导的真实条件句用一般现在时；如果强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从旬可用现在完成时。
Don't touch the instruments unless the teacher allows you．没有老师的允许，不要乱动仪器。
Unless you know a word，you may consult a dictionary．如果你不认识哪个词，你可以查词典。
但主句是过去将来时或过去时，unless引导的真实条件句常用一般过去时。如：
The disease prevented him from remembering things unless he was reminded by another．这种病使他记不住事，只能靠别人提醒。
四、“祈使句(肯定式)+or／otherwise+陈述句”与“unless条件句+主句”间的转换
“祈使旬(肯定式)+or(else)／otherwise+陈述句”与“unless条件句+主句”间有时可以相互转换。如：Put on your raincoat or you’ll get soaked．=Unless you put On your raincoat，you’ll get soaked．If you don’t put on your raincoat，you’ll get soaked．把雨衣穿上，否则你就会全身湿透的。
五、在unles引导的肯定形式的条件句中。通常用肯定词(some, already, still, too, as well等)；在if...not引导的条件句中．通常用非肯定词(any．yet．ever．either．at all等)
You’ll never really know what happiness is unless you have something to compare it to．只有通过对比，才能了解幸福的含义。
不过在if…not引导的非真实条件句中，仍能用肯定词，因为这种条件句形式上是否定，意义上却是肯定。如：
If he hadn’t already prepared his lesson，he wouldn’t be allowed to go．要是他没有做完功课，是不会允许出去的。(实际已做完功课)
六、unless可用来引导出补充前言的句子
unless引导出补充前言的句子，即对刚说过的话又突然想到要补充的内容。如：
He hasn’t got any hobbies unless you call writing a hobby．他没有任何嗜好——除非把写作也算作嗜好。
★注意事项：以下情况if 和unless不可互换★
1、当unless引导非真实条件句时，一般不可改用if...not。如：
They couldn’t afford to live in such an expensive apartment unless they were rich．除非他们很富有，否则就住不起这么昂贵的公寓。
They couldn’t have arrived at the site instantly unless the police had had a helicopter．除非警方有直升机，不然他们就不会即刻赶到事发地点。
以上两例中，unless从句均表示与事实相反的情况。如果把unless换成if...not(…if they were not rick,…if the police had not had a helicopter)就与原句意义完全相反。
2、if...not引导的条件分句可以重叠使用，unless则不可，因为unless表示唯一条件，不能用and连接两个unless引导的从句。
She won’t lose weight if she does not keep a diet and if she does not take exercise every day．=She won’t lose weight unless she keeps a diet and takes exercise every day．除非她坚持节食、每天锻炼，否则是不能减肥的。
3、unless引导的条件句可用否定结构，而if...not引导的条件句不可再加以否定，因为两个not不能重叠使用，因此在unless引导的否定条件旬中，不能用if...not替代unless。如：
Don't ask me to explain unless you really don’t understand．除非你真不懂，不然别让我解释。
4、当if引导名词性从句时，unless不可以代替if...not，因为if=whether(“是否”)。如：
It is unimportant if he will not attend the graduation ceremony．他是否参加毕业典礼无关紧要。
I doubt if he has not made a contribution to the environment．我怀疑他是不是没有为环保做过贡献。
5、当unless作介词(“除……以外”，“除非”)时，if...not不能与其互换使用。如：
Nothing will come out of it．unless(=except)disaster．这件事除了引起灾祸之外，不会有什么结果。
Nothing unless a miracle，can save him．除非出现奇迹，否则他无法得救。
★★★★★“虚拟语气”★★★★★
_________(be) you , I ___________(take) a small gift . were； would take
If 引导的“虚拟语气”
If引导条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句，只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
1. 名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形
2. 条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本本②倒装虚拟语气③混时虚拟语气④含蓄虚拟语气⑤跳层虚拟语气
3. 其他情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…./ If only…./ lest）
一、三种基本形态（1）
表虚拟的时间if 从句谓语形式，主句谓语形式
现在: did / were would （should, might, could）+do
过去： had done/ had been would （should/might/could）+have done（been）
将来: were to/ should +do would （should, might, could）+do
时间 主句谓语形式 从句谓语形式
将来 would /should/might/could+动词原形 ①动词过去式（be用were）②should+动词原形③were to+动词原形
现在 would/should/might/could+动词原形 动词过去式（be用were）
过去 would/should/might/could/could have+动词过去分词 Had+动词过去分词
三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）
与现在事实相反: If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
与过去事实相反: If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.
与将来事实相反: If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.
If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.
“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：
①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
注意事项：
①if 条件句中有were，should，had可以省略if，并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状语从句的谓语动词如果是be其过去式一般用were。
二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）
Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.
Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）
（对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟）
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
（对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟）
If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
四、含蓄虚拟句
虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型 "It is important （necessary, strange, natural等） that...中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用 （should） +动词原形。
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.我们现在有必要出去散散步。
What would I have done without you
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.
五、跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise 后句用虚拟）（but）
He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much.（ 与现在事实相反 ）
He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much.（ 与过去事实相反 ）
（or, or else, otherwise）
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now.（ 与现在事实相反 ）
Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.（ 与过去 事实相反）
六、名词从句虚拟语气
（1） ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，
谓语动词用（should）+ 动词原形,eg. I suggest / suggested that we （should） go tomorrow. 名词从 句虚拟语气
（2） It is +（形容词/过去分词/特定名词）+that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重 要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词： astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital 等。名词从句虚拟语气
（3） 过去分词:decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested 等; 名词：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order 等
七、其它虚拟语气
Wish
I wish I knew the answer.（与现在事实相反）
I wish I had known the answer.（与过去事实相反）
I wish you would shut up.（与将来事实相反）
If only
If only I were taller.（与现在事实相反）
If only he had followed your advice!（与过去事实相反）
If only the rain would stop.（与将来事实相反）
It is （high/about） time……
It is time you thought about your future.
would rather……
I would rather you didn ' t speak rudely to her.(现在事实相反）
I ' d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her实相反 ）
Lest…,in case…… , for fear that……导的是目的状语从句，但可归入第六点 （名词从句虚拟）,
这是因它们答案特征相同，即:（should）+动词原形。
eg. He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
小试牛刀：
（1）只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。（完成译句）
Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best.
（2）如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得越来越美好。（完成译句）
______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become________ _______ _________.
（3）(2023年重庆一中月考)Work hard，________ you may catch up with your classmates soon.
A. or B .but C. and D. yet
( 4 )（2023年重庆南岸区联考）We will have no water to drink________ we don’t protect the earth.
A. until B. before C. though D. if
（5）（2022年 重庆北区月考）We will plant trees tomorrow, and I don t know______ Tom will come and join us.
A. if B. which C. what D. where
（6）---Do you know if_______ finished the work
---Not yet. If he__________, he will give me a call.
A. he’s, will finish B. he’ll, finishes C. he’s , finishes D. he’ll , will finish
（7）You are sure to pass the exam _________you study hard.
A. if B. though C. that D. since
（8） I'll go to see the film with you _________I have time this evening.
A. whether B. so C. if D. when
（9）Lucy won’t go to Tom’s birthday party if he doesn’t invite her.(改为同义句)
= Lucy __________go to Tom’s birthday party_________ he invites her.
（10）Take this bucket of water into the room, or it will turn into ice.(改为同义句)
=_________ you _________ take this bucket of water into the room, it will turn into ice.
= It will turn into ice ________you take this bucket of water into the room
（11）---I don’t know if he ______________.
---He will come if it _______________.
A．comes; won’t rain B．will come; doesn’t rain
C．comes; doesn't rain D．will come; won’t rain
（12）Do you know what time _____________？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave
C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
（13）Do you think if______ an English film tomorrow night？
A．is there B．there is going to have
C．there is going to be D．will there be
（14）---Do you know if he _______ to play basket ball with us
---I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be
（15）.In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ________Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
（16）I won’t go if it ____________ tomorrow.
A. rain　　 B. is raining　 　 C. rains　 　 D. will rain
（17）---Mike wants to know if___________ a picnic tomorrow.
---Yes. But if it ___________, we’ll visit the museum instead.
A．you have; will rain B．you will have; will rain
C．you will have; rains D．will you have; rains
（18）If you ________(feel) tired, you _______________ (have) to have a rest.
（19）If you go to bed early, you won’t feel tired in the morning.
_____ _____ _____ early, _____ you won’t feel tired in the morning.
（20）I don’t know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I’ll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
（21）If she_______(be not) so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. weren’t D. aren’t
（22）If I ________(be) you, I would ask my father for help.
A. am B. was C. were D. be
Keys :（1）as long as （2）If everyone makes a contribution（3） A（4）D（5）A（6）B（7）A （8）C（9）won’t ; unless （10）If ; don’t = unless （11）B （12）D （13）C（14）C（15）D（16）C（17）C（18）feel；will have （19）Go to bed ;or （20）D（21）C（22）C
Section B
11. travel around the world. 环游世界 P76 1a
around the world= all over the world= the whole world 全世界
12. agent n. 代理人，代理商；（艺术界的）经纪人；间谍，特工；
agency n. 代理行，经销处；
13. get an education 受教育 P76 1a
14. If people have problems， they should get advice from expert.如果人们有问题，他们应该从专家那里获得建议。 P77 2b
15. If people have problems， they should keep them to themselves. 如果人们有问题，他们应该对自己保守秘密。 P77 2b
keep sth. to oneself 不他人分享；保密
小试牛刀：
①---Tom, could you please keep them to __________ --- No problem. At the same time, you’d better keep them to __________.
A. me; you B. myself; yourself C. mine; yours D. my; your
Keys : ①B
16. Sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork , and sometimes with their friends 有时他们在学业上有问题，有时和他们的朋友有问题 P77 2b
have problems with/in在….方面有问题
have problems/trouble/difficulties （in）doing sth. 在（做）某事方面有问题/麻烦/有困难
have fun doing sth. 开开心心做某事
小试牛刀：
①When you have trouble __________ these math problems, don’t forget turn to Lucy for help.
A. working out B. to work out C. working on D. to work on
Keys : ①A
17. Some people believe the worst things is to do nothing . 有些人认为最糟糕的事情就是什么都不做 P77 2b
the worst things is to do nothing 最糟糕的事情是什么也不做
18. Problems and worries are normal in life P 77 2b
normal adj. 正常的，标准的；（身心）健康的，（人）普通的；
n. 常态，通常标准
复数 normals比较级 more normal最高级 most normal
abnormal adj. 反常的，异常的，变态的；不规则的 unnormal 不正常的 ;不规范的
19. I think (that) talking to someone helps a lot . 我认为和别人交谈很有帮助。P 77 2b
动名词短语作主语和宾语
动词的 -ing 形式可分为动名词和现在分词两类。作为动名词，它有名词的基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语，宾语补足语和定语。
一、动名词做主语 （动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。此时，谓语动词用单数形式）
动名词做主语有三种形式：
① 动名词在句首直接做主语
② It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词短语在后面做真正的逻辑上的 主语
③ There be + no + 动名词
1）形式一 动名词在句首直接做主语。例如：
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
(collect) stamps is his hobby.
Wishing for things,however, costs nothing.
2）It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语。例如
Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.
It is considered to be a good habit going to bed early and getting up early.
用下划线画出下面句子的形式主语和真正的主语
①It was a waste of time reading that book.
②It is dangerous standing in the middle of the street.
③Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her
3）There be + no + 动名词。例如：
There was no knowing what he could do.
There is no (joke) about such matters.
二、动名词做宾语
动名词做宾语的六种情形：
①作及物动词宾语 ②it 作形式宾语，代替动名词作 ③作动词词组的宾语 ④介词的宾语
⑤既可接doing 又可接to do 的动词，但意义不同 ⑥常接动名词的动词或动词短语
1）作及物动词宾语。 例如：
Would you mind___________(open) the window
The girl practices __________(play)violin every evening.
2) 作介词宾语。例如：
Since then, he has devoted his life to ________(find)ways to grow more and more rice.
He always thinks much before __________(do)anything.
3）it 作形式宾语，代替动名词。例如：
I found it pleasant_________(walk) along the river after supper.
Do you consider it necessary _________(try)again
We look forward to (study )in university.
4）接doing的动词:
want, wish, hope, ask, help, refuse, learn, demand, choose, decide, plan, manage, pretend, afford ......
5）接doing 又可接to do 的动词:
A 意义基本一样，如like, love, hate, begin, start, prefer, attempt
B 意义明显不一样，如remember, forget, regret, mean, stop, try, want, need
例如：I forget to take the medicine. 译：_____________________
I forget taking the medicine. 译：_____________________
He didn’t mean to hurt you. 译：______________________
He didn’t mean hurting you. 译：______________________
6）常接动名词的动词或动词短语
A. 常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:
考虑建议盼原谅， consider, suggest,advise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon
承认推迟没得想， admit, delay , put off , fancy
避免错过继续练， avoid , miss ,keep, keep on , practise
否认完成停能赏， deny , finish , stop ,enjoy , appreciate
不禁介意准逃亡， can’t help , mind , allow, permit ,escape
不准冒险凭想象。 forbid , risk , imagine
B. 短语有：can’t help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist on, be good at, give up
4) 人称代词宾格+动名词：him writing
1. _____________ ( read)in the library is a bad habit.
在图书馆大声阅读是一种不好的习惯
2. It’s no use __________ (talk).
像这样谈话是徒劳无用的。
3.I ________ (regret) not having worn a thicker coat yesterday.
我很后悔昨天我没有穿一件厚点的外套。
4.In my mind, __________ ________ (attend ) will be the only way to become a world-class writer.
在我看来，进入那所著名的大学学习是成为世界顶尖作家的唯一方法。
Keys : Reading; to talk with ; regretted ; attending that famous university
小试牛刀：
①Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language.
A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning
C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning
②Learning more about the customs really _________ a lot during my vacation in Paris.
A. to help B. help C. helps D. helping
③Playing games and watching short videos _________(be) the worst way to kill their time for the old.
Keys :①D②C③are
20. Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse. 除非我们和别人谈谈，否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。P77 2b
unless conj. 除非，除非在……情况下；若非，如果不
prep. 除……之外；除……之外
21. Laura once lost her wallet, and worried for days. 劳拉曾经丢了钱包，担心了好几天。P77 2b
once adv. 一次， 一回；曾经，一度；任何一次，从来；乘以一
conj. 一.....就， 一旦 Once you fall in love with Lucy, you will get hurt.
n. 一次
22. She was afraid to tell her about it. 她不敢把这件事告诉她父母。 P77 2b
afraid adj. 害怕的；担心的；（害怕后果而）不愿意的，勉强的；遗憾的
（1）be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕…..
（2）be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 担心会发生某事或某种情况
（3）be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事或不敢做某事。
（4）be afraid that 从句 恐怕……
（5）be afraid so 恐怕如此 I’m afraid not 恐怕不
（6）I’m afraid I can’t 恐怕我不能.
中考近义词辨析：afraid/fear/ frighted
（1）afraid “害怕”是形容词，只能作表语，而不能作定语，后接of 短语或不定式，构成
be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth.
afraid +that clause “恐怕”，是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如：
I’m afraid (that) I can’t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。
我弟弟病了。
（2）fear “害怕”是动词，与be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用（特别是在口语中）。如：
①We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。
②He feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。
（3）frightened adj “受惊吓的、害怕的”可做表语，也可作定语。如：
①She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹。
②A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭。
23. In the end, she talked to her parents and they were really understanding. 最后，她和父母谈了谈，他们真的很理解她。P77 2b
（1）in the end at last finally
① in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难或某种努力之后才发生。（将来时，这种情况也可用finally 来表示，但是finally一定要放在动词前面。）
②finally 表示最后，说明次序
③at last 用来表示“等了或耽误了很长时间之后才发生”， 而且语气很强烈或强烈感彩。
at last 还可用于感叹句，finally 和in the end不能用于感叹句。
（2）understanding n. （对某学科、过程或情况的）了解，认识；理解，谅解，
adj. 能谅解的，宽容的善解人意的
have a better understanding of …对…..有更好的理解
understand v. 理解，懂得；了解，明白（某事物）；谅解，体谅；得知，听说；默认，默许；领会，推断出；解释
第三人称单数 understands现在分词 understanding过去式 understood过去分词 understood
misunderstand v. 误解，误会
第三人称单数 misunderstands现在分词 misunderstanding过去式 misunderstood过去分词 misunderstood
misunderstanding n. 误解，误会；小争执，分歧
小试牛刀：
①There was complete ___________(understand) between Wilson and myself.
②It seems that you have ____________(understand) him . In fact , Tom didn’t tell a lie.
③In order to ____________each other, parents should be more patient with your children, get to know them and love them.
A. have a better understanding of B. have an argument with
C. have a disappointment with D. have a fight with
Keys :①understanding ②misunderstood ③A
24. His dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself. 她的爸爸说自己有时也会犯粗心的错误。 P77 2b
（1）make mistakes 犯错….. make mistakes in 在…..犯错…..
mistake n. 错误，过失；（用词或数字上的）错误，口误，笔误；（令人后悔的）错误
v. 误解，误会；错误判断；把……误认为
复数 mistakes第三人称单数 mistakes现在分词 mistaking过去式 mistook过去分词 mistaken
by mistake 错误地；由于差错 mistake A for B把错认; 误当作；将误以为
（2）careless adj. 粗心大意的，疏忽的；
反义词： careful adj. 仔细的，小心的；谨慎的，周密的
比较级 more careful最高级 most careful
carelessness n.粗心大意
care n. 照料，护理；小心，谨慎
v. 照顾，照料；在意
care about 和care for 的区别
care about “关心；计较；在乎”， 指由于某事重要或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。
care for “关心；照料；喜欢；愿意”。 作“关心；照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。
care 还可用作及物动词，但后通常接从句
care to“愿意，欲意”，后接动词原形。
take care小心= be careful take care(not) to do sth. 小心（别）做某事
小试牛刀：
①___________ you do in your exam, ___________ mistakes you will make.
A. The more carful ; the less B. the more carefully; the fewer
C. More careful ; less D. More carefully; fewer
②People always mistake Lucy_________ Lily because they are twins .
A. with B. as C. for D. in
③(多选)Your parents are the only people in the world who ________you and don't need anything in return.
A. care about B. care for C. laugh at C. laugh to
④You are really a __________(care) boy, you have made so many low mistakes in the exam.
⑤You must take care __________ be fooled by others.
A. not B. not to C. to not D. to
Keys :①B ②C③AB ④careless⑤B
25. Robert Hunt advise students about common problems. 罗伯特·亨特就常见问题向学生们提出建议。 P77 2b
（1）advise v. 通知，告知；劝告，建议
第三人称单数 advises现在分词 advising过去式 advised过去分词 advised
advice un. 忠告，劝告，建议；（金融交易）正式通知；消息
（2）common adj. 共同的，共享的；常见的，普遍的，一般的
n. 公共用地，公地
复数 commons比较级 commoner或more common最高级 commonest或most common
have …….in common (with) 在(和……)有共同特征
26. It is best not to run away from our problems 最好不要逃避我们的问题。 P77 2b
run away from…..从……逃离；逃跑；逃离
拓展：escape v. 逃跑，逃脱；逃避，摆脱；
n. 逃跑，逃离
复数 escapes第三人称单数 escapes现在分词 escaping过去式 escaped过去分词 escaped
escape from 从….中逃离/逃跑
27. We should always try to solve them. 我们应该一直努力解决它们。P77 2b
solve v. 解决，处理；解释，解答
第三人称单数 solves现在分词 solving过去式 solved过去分词 solved
solution n. （问题、困难等的）解决办法；
复数 solutions
28. He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to. 他认为第一步是找一个你信任的人谈谈。 P77 2b
（1）the first step 第一步
（2）trust n. 信任，信赖；（金钱或财产的）信托，托管；
v. 信任，相信；对……有把握，信得过
复数 trusts第三人称单数 trusts现在分词 trusting过去式 trusted过去分词 trusted
①trust in sb.（formal）信赖；信仰
②trust sb. 相信，认为可靠
③trust（that）+宾语从句 （是个正式的用法）期望
④trust to sth (注意没有被动语体) 依靠，依赖
Eg. I stumnled （跌跌撞撞）along in the park, trusting to luck to find the right door.
⑤trust sb. with sb,/sth. 把….委托给某人照看。
Eg : I would trust him with my life. (他是我可以托付终身的人).
⑥trust sb. to do sth. 信赖；信任
29. Students often forget that their parents have more experience， and always there to help them. 学生们经常忘记他们的父母有更多的经验，总是在那里帮助他们。 P77 2b
experience n. 经历（可数），往事；经验（不可数），阅历；传统
v. 经历，遭遇；体会到，感受到 go through
复数 experiences第三人称单数 experiences现在分词 experiencing过去式 experienced过去分词 experienced
experienced adj. 熟练的，有经验的
experiencer n. 经验者；感受者
inexperience n. 缺乏经验；无经验；不熟练
30. In English , we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half。 在英语中，我们说分享一个问题/烦恼就像把它分成两半。 P77 2b
in half 分成两半
cut …..in half 把…..分成两半。 把…一分为二
31. So you are halfway to solving a problem just by talking to someone about it. 因此，仅仅通过和别人谈论这个问题，你就已经解决了问题的一半。P77 2b
be halfway to 完成某事的一半
be halfway to doing sth. 完成做某事的一半 to作介词
小试牛刀：
①So you are halfway to _________(solve )a problem just by talking to someone about it.
Keys :①solving
32. I’ll go to the ____________if it ends by 5:00p.m. P80 Self Check
end n. 最后部分，末尾；结束，结局；端点；
v. 结束，终止
（1）at the end of +时间或者地点名词 “在…尽头”；“在….末端”
①At the end of this street you will find the hospital. 你会在这条街的尽头找到那家医院。
②At the end of the meeting , Mr. Wang made a speech. 在会议结束时，王先生作了发言。
（2）by the end of +时间名词或事物 “到….末为止”；“在…….结束时”
by the end of +时间（过去）和过去完成时had +done 连用
by the end of +时间（将来）和将来时 连用
①By the end of the strike , the whole street will be turned into one big rubbish dump. 到罢工结束时， 整个街道将变成一个大垃圾堆。
②By the end of last month , he had been on that ship for two years. 到上月末为止，他在那条船上待了两年了。
（3）in the end 最终；最后
（4） before the end of +时间或事物 “在……结束之前”He said he would return before the end of this month. 他说他们将在这个月底以前回来。
（5）end up 结束；完事
（6）end in（doing）sth. 以（做）某事结束或告终
（7）end up doing sth. 以….结束；以….告终
（8）end up with 结束；以……而结束；以….告终
33. I know， but I got into fight with my parents. P80 Self Check
get into fight with= have a fight with = fight with 和…打架；和…..争吵；与…..战斗
fight v. 与……作斗争，坚决反对；
n. 斗争；打斗，打架；争吵，争论；
复数 fights第三人称单数 fights现在分词 fighting过去式 fought过去分词 fought
fight in the army 从军
fight for….为…而战；与…作斗争
fight against对抗；反对；与….作斗争
小试牛刀：
①To get freedom and independence, Chinese people stuck to fighting __________ the enemies.
A. for B. with C. against D. in
②I hope millions of lawyers continue to fight ___________equal justice after I'm gone.
A. with B. in C. for D. against
Keys : ①C ②C
34.I guess you are right. P80 Self Check
guess v. 猜测，估计；猜中，猜到；认为，以为
n. 猜测，推测
复数 guesses第三人称单数 guesses现在分词 guessing过去式 guessed过去分词 guessed
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