课件48张PPT。第14讲 八年级(下)Units 9－101．invent(v.)→invention(n.)发明物→inventor(n.)发明者
2．believe(v.)→believable(adj.)可信的→unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的
3．usual(adj.)→unusual(反义词)特别的；不寻常的
4．encourage(v.)→encouragement(n.)鼓励
5．peace(n.)→peaceful(adj.)和平的
6．collect(v.)→collection(n.)收集
7．safe(adj.)→safety(n.)安全→dangerous(adj.)危险的→danger(n.)危险
8．simply(adv.)→simple(adj.)简单的
9．most(adj.)大多数→mostly(adv.)主要地
10．scarf(n.)→scarves/scarfs(复数)
11．own(v.)→owner(n.)拥有者
12．true(adj.)→truth(n.)真相；事实→truthful(adj.)诚实的；真实的
13．especial(adj.)→especially(adv.)尤其；特别；格外1．put up a tent 搭帐篷
2．encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
3．a couple of 两个；一对；几个
4．thousands of 数以千计的；许许多多的
5．on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
6．have problems doing sth. 做某事有麻烦
7．board game 棋类游戏
8．all year round 全年
9．three quarters 四分之三
10．check out 查看；观察11．clear out 清理；丢掉
12．no longer 不再；不复
13．part with 放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)
14．as for 至于；关于
15．to be honest 说实在的
16．according to 依据；按照
17．close to 几乎；接近 1．______ you ever ______ to a science museum？你去过科技博物馆？
2．I _______ ______ to the art museum many ______．我去过艺术博物馆很多次了。
3．—I've ______ ________ to a water park.我从未去过水上乐园。
—Me _______．我也没去过。
4．Let's go __________ _______ today.我们今天去某个不同的地方吧。
5．It's really interesting，____ __？它确实很有趣，是不是？
6．Watching the tea preparation is just __ enjoyable __ drinking the tea ____．观看他们准备沏茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人享受。Havebeenhave beentimesnever beenneithersomewhere differentisn't itasasitself7．—____ ____ _____ you _____ that bike over there？那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
—I've had it for three years！我买了三年了！
8．Jim ___ ____ __ Japan for three days.吉姆在日本待了三天了。
9．Nowadays，_______ __ Chinese leave the countryside to ______ ___ work in the cities.如今，数百万中国人离开农村去城市寻找工作。
10．I ____ ___ return home at least once a year，but I ______ ____ ____ for almost three years now.我过去一年至少回去一次，但是现在我几乎三年没有回去了。How long havehadhas been inmillions ofsearch forhaven't been backused to 1．现在完成时(含been，ever和never)(见学生用书P131)(见本书P153)
2．现在完成时(含since和for)(见学生用书P131)(见本书P153) 动词的时态
1．We hope to manage our own lives because we ____ up.(2015，辽阳，6题)
A．grew B．have grown
C．grow D．were growing
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。根据前半句We hope to manage our own lives可知，因为我们已经长大了，希望能管理自己的生活，强调结果，因此用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has＋过去分词。B2．—What're you doing here？(2015，本溪，9题)
—My daughter ____ back.I'm waiting for her.
A．hasn't come B．wasn't coming
C．didn't come D．won't come
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。根据下文I'm waiting for her.可知他的女儿还没有回来，用现在完成时表示动作还没有结束。现在完成时可以表示从过去开始发生的动作持续到现在，有可能马上结束，但也有可能持续下去。A3．Thirty-eight pandas ____ the zoos of other countries as guests so far.(2014，抚顺，10题)
A．are visiting B．were visiting
C．have visited D．will visit
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。句意为：目前为止，已经有38只大熊猫作为客人拜访了其他国家的动物园。结合语境可知本句描述的是现在已经完成的动作，故用现在完成时态。选C。
4．—May I speak to Mr. Black?
—Sorry，he ____ Hong Kong.But he ________ back in a few days.(2014，朝阳，33题)
A．has been in；will come B．has been in；came
C．has gone to；came D．has gone to；will come
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。根据回答sorry可知布莱克先生不在，他已经去了香港。has gone to意为“去了”；再由in a few days意为“几天后”，可判断用一般将来时。CD5．He ____ a member of the school basketball team since two years ago.(2014，锦州，15题)
A．joined B．has become
C．has joined D．has been
【解析】本题考查动词及其时态辨析。join加入；become变成；be成为。句意为：自从两年前，他就成为了校篮球队的一员。结合语境可知本句描述的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成时态。be come强调自身性质的变化，所以应该用be的现在完成时，故选D。
6．Monica，you ____ the match！Congratulations！(2014，葫芦岛，49题)
A．win B．have won
C．will win D．are winning
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。根据下文“Congratulations！”，可以得知已经赢得了比赛，现在完成时have done表示已经完成的动作，故选B。DB7．—____ you ________ the door?
—Not yet.I'll do it right now.(2013，抚顺，3题)
A．Have；locked B．Did；lock
C．Are；locking D．Will；lock
【解析】本题考查现在完成时的用法。句意为“你________门了吗？”“还没有，我马上去锁。”have locked为现在完成时态；did lock为一般过去时态；are locking为现在进行时态；will lock为一般将来时态。根据回答中的yet可确定应为现在完成时态，故选A。A8．—Are you going to return the book to the library?
—Yes，I ____ it for more than two weeks.(2013，铁岭，4题)
A．borrowed B．have borrowed
C．kept D．have kept
【解析】本题考查现在完在时的用法。句意为：“你打算把这本书还给图书馆了吗？”“是的，我已经________两个多星期了。”for more than two weeks为一段时间，应用现在完成时态，且应用延续性动词，keep为延续性动词，表示借了，故选D。D9．—Hello，Lisa.What's the matter?
—I ____ find my mobile phone.________ you seen it？(2013，朝阳，13题)
A．can't；Have B．couldn't；Did
C．need；Had D．must；Are
【解析】本题考查情态动词和现在完成时的用法。句意为：“丽莎，怎么了？”“我找不到我的手机了，你看到了吗？”can't不能；couldn't不能(用作过去时)；need需要；must必须。句意为不能找到手机因此用can't，句中看到手机应该是已经完成的动作，因此应该用现在完成时。故选A。A10．—Have you ____ been to Hainan?
—No，I've ________ been there.(2013，鞍山，35题)
A．never；ever B．ever；never
C．often；always D．always；often
【解析】本题考查现在完成时。句意为：“你________去过海南吗？”“没有，我________去过那里。”ever曾经；never从不；often经常；always总是。often与always通常用于一般现在时态中；ever用于疑问句中；never用于肯定句中表示否定概念，故选B。B11．—You should buy a new mobile phone.This one is out of style.(2013，鞍山，42题)
—I agree with you.I ____ it for 5 years.
A．bought B．have bought
C．have had D．buy
【解析】本题考查现在完成时的延续性动词。句意为：“你应该买一个新手机了，这个过时了。”“我同意你的看法。我已经拥有它五年了。”for＋一段时间应用延续性动词，bought一般过去时；have bought现在完成时；have had现在完成时的延续性动词；buy动词原形。此句应使用延续性动词，故选C。C12．This is the first time I ____ a baseball game.
(2013，葫芦岛，49题)
A．am watching B．was watching
C．have watched D．will watch
【解析】本题考查现在完成时的用法。句意为：这是我第一次________一场棒球比赛。am watching现在进行时；will watch现在进行时；was watching过去进行时；have watched现在完成时；will watch一般将来时。由the first time可知本句应用现在完成时态，这里的time作“次数”讲，而不是作“时间”讲。确切地说，只要是“序数词＋time”后面就要接相应的完成时。故选C。C词汇类
13．The visitors ____ the USA arrived ________ Beijing Station last Friday morning.(2015，朝阳，26题)
A．of；to B．of；on
C．from；at D．from；on
【解析】本题考查介词的用法。来自美国的游客使用介词from，from意为“来自”，后可接国家，表示来自哪个地方；arrive at/in意为“到达”，因此只有C项符合题意。
14．In America，you can open your presents immediately.You don't have to ____！(2015，大连，7题)
A．pay B．wait
C．check D．prepare
【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。根据上文immediately可知在美国可以马上打开礼物，不用等。pay意为“付钱”；check意为“查看”；prepare意为“准备”。CB15．—The song Where did the time go？____ the old days and the love of my family.
—Sure.It's my favorite song.(2015，丹东，27题)
A．helps me out B．cheers me up
C．regards me as D．reminds me of
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。remind sb. of意为“使某人想起”，根据题意，《时间都去哪了？》这首歌使我想起过去的时光。help sb. out意为“帮助某人解决困难”；cheer sb. up意为“使某人振作起来”；regard sb. as意为“把某人当作。”D16．—Hello，Mom，I've arrived in Beijing ____．Please don't worry about me.
—OK，dear.(2013，辽阳，6题)
A．carefully B．safely C．slowly D．clearly
【解析】本题考查副词词义辨析。句意为：“妈妈，我已经________到达北京了，别担心我了。”“好的，亲爱的。”carefully小心地；safely安全地；slowly慢慢地；clearly清楚地。联系空格后不用担心的意思，应该是安全到达，故选B。B17．____ books were sent to a poor mountain village school by the volunteers before New Year.(2013，鞍山，43题)
A．Two thousands of B．Two thousand
C．Two thousand of D．Two thousands
【解析】本题考查数词的用法。句意为：________书已经在新年前被志愿者们送到一个偏远的山区学校了。数词thousand前有具体数字时，应用单数形式，后不能跟of连用；如果没有具体数字时应用复数形式，且后面跟有of。故应选B。B18．2013 World Landscape Art Exposition (世界园林博览会) attracts ____ people every day.(2013，盘锦，2题)
A．thousand of B．thousands of
C．thousand D．thousands
【解析】本题考查概数词的用法。句意为：2013世界园林博览会每天吸引________人。thousand作“具体数字”用时，不用复数形式；若泛指许多时，则用复数，且常与介词of连用，构成短语thousands of。根据people前没有具体数字修饰可知表示泛指，用复数＋of。故选B。B19．The teacher always encourages us ____ ideas with each other.(2013，葫芦岛，44题)
A．share B．shared
C．sharing D．to share
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：老师经常鼓励我们分享彼此的想法。share动词原形，作谓语；shared过去式，作谓语；sharing现在分词形式，非谓语；to share动词不定式，非谓语。由encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”这一固定用法可知应选D。 D?three quarters
【典例在线】
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海洋。
Two thirds of the new students are from No.1 Middle School.三分之二的新生来自第一中学。
【拓展精析】
three quarters四分之三。英语中分数的表示法为：分子＋分母。通常分子是基数词，分母是序数词，若分子大于一，则分母用复数形式。如1/5 one fifth，4/5 four fifths。若表示“……中的几分之几”，常用“分数＋of＋名词”结构，此结构作主语时，谓语动词与名词在数上保持一致。【活学活用】
1)____ of the students in our class ________ girls.(2015，沈阳模拟)
A．Two fifth；is B．Two fifth；are
C．Two fifths；are D．Two fifths；isC?whenever
【典例在线】
You can ask for help whenever you need it.你无论何时需要帮助都可以提出来。
Whatever you say，I'll believe you.无论你说什么，我都相信你。
Whoever telephones，tell him (her) I'm out.不管是谁打电话，告诉他(她)我出去了。
【拓展精析】
whenever意为“在任何……时候；无论何时”，与no matter when同义。作连词可引导让步状语从句。类似的词还有whatever(无论什么)，wherever(无论哪里)，whoever(无论谁)等。【活学活用】
2)Kate's dad is getting old.She will go back home to see him ____ it is convenient.(2015，朝阳模拟)
A．because B．although
C．whenever D．unlessC?regard
【典例在线】
She regards the books as good friends.她把书当作好朋友。
【拓展精析】
regard意为“将……认为；把……视为”。常见用法有regard sb./sth.as...表示“将某人/某物看作……”。
【活学活用】
3)史蒂芬·霍金把他的许多身体问题看得不重要。(2015，随州)
Stephen Hawking _______ his many physical problems ___ unimportant.regardsas?especially
【典例在线】
Flowers are always welcomed，especially in winter.鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是在冬天。
【拓展精析】
especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”，在句中常用作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。其形容词形式为especial，意为“特别的；特殊的”。
【活学活用】
4)The city of Harbin is beautiful all the year around，____ in winter.Ice lanterns decorate streets and attract plenty of tourists.(2015，葫芦岛模拟)
A．especially B．generally
C．probably D．suddenlyA?—I've never been to a water park.我从来没有去过水上公园。
—Me neither.我也没去过。
【典例在线】
—She doesn't like playing basketball.她不喜欢打篮球。
—Me neither.我也不喜欢。
—He can speak English.他会讲英语。
—Me too.我也会。
【拓展精析】
Me neither意为“我也不”。表示前一句所述的否定情况也适用于后者时，可用此简略形式。
Me too意为“我也一样”。表示前一句所述的肯定情况也适用于后者时，可用此简略形式。【活学活用】
1)—He didn't finish his homework yesterday.
—_______________．(我也没有。)Me neither?Among these is Zhong Wei，a 46-year-old husband and father.钟伟，一位46岁的丈夫和父亲，就是其中的一位。
【典例在线】
Tom is a 10-year-old boy.
＝Tom is a boy of 10 years old.汤姆是一个10岁的男孩。
【拓展精析】
46-year-old是一个复合形容词，在句中作定语。这种复合形容词有两个特点：一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。
另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词＋连字符“-”＋名词(单数)。【活学活用】
2)The winner of the singing competition was a ____ girl named Zhang Mei from China.
A．19-years-old B．19-year-old
C．19-year-olds D．19 years old
3)The park is far away from here indeed.It's about ____ walk.
A．a three hour B．a three hour's
C．a three-hours D．a three-hourBD?I have had this bike for three years.这辆自行车我已经买了三年了。
【典例在线】
She has worked here for five years.她在这儿工作五年了。
He has been in the army for two years.他参军已经两年了。
【拓展精析】
在现在完成时中，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词通常用延续性动词。如：learn，be，work，know，keep，have等。【活学活用】
4)—What a nice bike！How long ____ you it?
—Just for five weeks.(2015，营口模拟)
A．will；buy B．did；buy
C．are；having D．have；had
5)Our teachers are very friendly to us.We ____ friends since three years ago.
A．became B．have been
C．were D．have becomeDB?have/has been to，have/has gone to，have/has been in
【典例在线】
I have never been to a water park.我从来都没有去过水上公园。
—Where's Kathy？凯西在哪里？
—She's gone to Shanghai.她去上海了。
He has been in Beijing for ten years.他在北京10年了。
【拓展精析】
have been to“曾经去过，人已经回来了”，常与ever或never连用，也可与表示次数的词连用，表示“去过(某地)几次”。
have gone to“去了”，在去某地的路上或已经在某地，人还未回来，只能用于第三人称。
have been in“已经在(某地)”，常与一段时间连用。【活学活用】
1)—Where is Mr.Wang?
—He together with his students ____ Zhuyuwan Park.(2015，朝阳模拟)
A．has gone to B．have gone to
C．has been to D．have been to
2)I ____ to Rongjiang last year.But I ________ never ________ to Congjiang.
A．went；have been B．will go；have been
C．went；have gone D．go；have goneAA?since，for
【典例在线】
My aunt has worked in a bank since 1992.自从1992年我姑姑就在一家银行工作。
I have been in Beijing since I left home.自从离开家我就在北京了。
We've known each other for more than two years.我们认识两年多了。
【拓展精析】
现在完成时常和since及for引导的时间状语连用。
since之后常接①过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日、钟点)；②一段时间＋ago；③从句(从句多用一般过去时)来说明动作起始时间。
for之后常接时间段，说明某种情况已经持续了一段时间。句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词。
现在完成时中，对一段时间提问，常用how long。【活学活用】
3)—How long have you lived in the new flat?
—____ 2012.(2015，铁岭模拟)
A．In B．After C．Since D．Before
4)I'm looking after Tom today.He's been in my house ____ 8：00 this morning.(2015，沈阳模拟)
A．at B．for C．since D．tillCC?do with，deal with
【典例在线】
I don't know how they deal with the problem.＝I don't know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们是如何处理这个问题的。
【拓展精析】
两者都表示“处理”。但do with常和疑问词what连用；deal with常和疑问词how连用。
【活学活用】
5)—Many students don't know how to ____ stress and become worried.
—I think they'd better ask their teachers for help.
A．argue with B．deal with
C．quarrel with D．come up withB一、单项选择。
1．Nowadays ____ of business letters are written in English.
A．two third B．two thirds
C．two three D．second three
2．—Is Mr. Smith in Shanghai?
—Yes，he ____ there several times.
A．has been B．has gone
C．has been to D．has gone to
3．—I'm sorry，Lucy.I ____ your computer for such a long time.
—Never mind.(2015，锦州模拟)
A．have borrowed B．have lent
C．have kept D．have returnedBAC4．—Liu Ming，is that our headteacher over there?
—It can't be him.He ____ Xiamen for a meeting.
A．has been to B．has gone to
C．has been away D．has gone
5．The famous writer ____ a new book in the past two years.
A．is writing B．will write
C．writes D．has writtenBD二、根据所给中文完成句子翻译。
6．说实话，我不想和他们一起去看电影。(2016，预测)
To __________，I wouldn't like to go to the movies with them.
7．我们至少需要24小时来准备。(2015，阜新模拟)
We need __________ 24 hours to prepare.
8．另一方面，在新加坡你能提高你的英语。
___________________，you can improve your English in Singapore.
9．他准时到达这里是没有任何问题的。
He won't _______________________________ here on time.
10．几天之后，他离开了北京。
After __________________ days，he left Beijing. be honestat leastOn the other handhave any problem arrivinga couple of写作典例之旅游与安全
(一)(2014，营口)
我们的家乡美丽富饶，人民善良淳朴，是旅游观光的胜地。请根据所给的信息向来自四海的宾朋介绍我们可爱的家乡！温馨提示：
1．根据表格所给内容，请做适当发挥，以“My hometown”为题写一篇短文。
2．书写工整、规范，语言表达准确，语意通顺、连贯，文中不得出现真实校名和姓名。
3．词数：60～80词。文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
4．参考词汇：seafood，be famous for，hard-working，hot springs，make a contribution to(为……做贡献)
【写作指导】作文的要求已给出，要写一篇介绍家乡的作文。作文除了包含给出的要点外，还需要自己充分发挥语言能力和想象力。作文应用一般现在时态和第一人称。【范文欣赏】
My Hometown
Welcome_to_my_hometown.My_hometown lies in the east of Liaoning Province.It's near Bohai Bay，so the weather is neither too cold nor too hot.It's famous for many popular sights，seafood and rice.If you come to my hometown，you may swim in the sea，climb the mountains，and you can also enjoy hot springs.At the same time，you can also taste all kinds of seafood and special snacks.The people here are very hard-working and friendly.
In order to make my hometown more and more beautiful，I must study very hard and make a contribution to my hometown.I love my hometown.(二)(2015，茂名)
暑假期间，越来越多的外国人到中国旅游。请你用英语写一篇短文，向外国游客简单介绍一下中国的情况。
内容包括：
1．对外国游客表示热烈欢迎；
2．中国地域辽阔，南北气候差别大；
3．旅游景点众多，高山大河，美丽如画；
4．人口最多，国家日益强大；
5．人民勤劳、善良，热爱和平。
写作要求：
1．信息完整，内容合理。
2．句子结构准确，篇章结构连贯，词数不少于80。
3．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【范文欣赏】
Ladies and gentlemen，you're warmly welcome to China.Now let me tell you something about the country.
China is so large that its climates are quite different from the north to the south.There are many wonderful scenic spots.The high mountains and long rivers are as beautiful as delightful pictures.China has the largest population in the world and she is becoming stronger and stronger.Chinese people love peace and they are kind and hardworking.I'm sure you will have a good trip in the country.考点跟踪突破14 八年级下册 Units 9－10
一、单项选择。
1．Alice __C__ Chinese since she ________ to China.She speaks Chinese very well now.(2016，原创)
A．learns；has come B．learned；has come
C．has learned；came D．will learn；came
【解析】考查动词的时态。since意为“自从”，引导的时间状语从句要用过去时，主句要用现在完成时。句意为：自从爱丽丝来中国，她就学汉语了。现在她的汉语说得非常好。只有C项符合题意，故选C。
2．Gutter oil (地沟油) is the term for cooking oil that __B__ then resold.(2016，原创)
A．was using B．has been used
C．used D．has used
【解析】考查被动语态。句意为：地沟油是一种被使用过的又重新用来出售的食用油。先行词oil与use之间存在被动的关系，故选B。
3．I __B__ a magazine from the library.I can ________ it for two weeks.(2015，抚顺模拟)
A．borrowed；lend B．borrowed；keep
C．kept；borrow D．lent；keep
【解析】考查动词辨析。borrow...from...“从……借……”；根据标志词for two weeks可知谓语动词应用延续性动词keep，故选B。
4．—__A__ is the population of the world now?
—It's about 6.5 billion.(2015，本溪模拟)
A．What B．How
C．How man D．How much
【解析】对人口多少的提问用what。
5．—Who is Zhang Wei？Do you know?
—Zhang Wei is a __B__ husband and father.
A．46-year-olds B．46-year-old
C．46-years-olds D．46 years old
【解析】复合形容词的各个词之间应当用连字号连接；表示年龄的复合形容词中的名词，一般不用复数。
6．—__B__ you ________ Italian food?
—No，but I'd love to.(2016，预测)
A．Did；try B．Have；tried
C．Were；trying D．Will；try
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意为：“你吃过意大利食物吗？”“没有，但是我想尝尝。”根据句意可知应用现在完成时，故选B。
7．—I haven't seen Julie for two weeks.
—Don't you know she __D__ Italy with her parents？She ________ there twice.(2016，原创)
A．has been to；has been B．has gone to；has gone
C．has been to；has gone D．has gone to；has been
【解析】考查现在完成时。have been to意为“曾去过某地(已经回来)”；have gone to意为“去了某地(还没回来)”。句意为：“我两周没看见朱莉了。”“难道你不知道她和她父母去了意大利了吗？她去过那里两次。”由此可知第一空表示“她去了意大利，还没回”，第二空表示“她去过两次”。故选D。
8．We __B__ to have a picnic tomorrow.Please prepare for it.(2015，锦州模拟)
A．will decide B．have decided
C．are deciding D．were deciding
【解析】考查动词时态。由后句“请准备”可知前句应为“我们已经决定明天去野餐了。”可排除A、C、D。故选B。
9．—Tom，the best basketball player in our school missed the most important game because of his hurt legs.
—__A__(2015，丹东模拟)
A．What a shame! B．I'm afraid so.
C．That's all right. D．How silly!
【解析】考查情景交际用语。前句句意：Tom，我们学校最好的篮球选手因为他腿受伤而错过了最重要的比赛。What a shame！意为“太遗憾了！”。故选A。
10．—He can't swim.
—__A__．(2016，原创)
A．Neither can I B．Neither I can
C．So can I D．So can I
【解析】考查倒装句式。题意为：“他不会游泳，我也不会”。当前面所说的否定情况也适用于后者时用“neither＋情态动词/be动词/助动词＋主语”结构。故选A。
二、完形填空。(2015，鞍山模拟)
“It's raining cats and dogs！” Grandpa shouted.
Little Richie came running to the window.He wanted to see the __11__ falling from the sky.He looked out of the window，but it was __12__ that there were no cats or dogs.He only saw small pools of water on the ground.
“Man，it's really coming down out there！” Uncle Bob agreed __13__ he looked out of the window，too.Richie scratched his head (挠头)．What was coming down？First they talked about cats and dogs that __14__ be seen.Now someone said “it”．What was going on with these __15__？
“Wow！” Aunt Susie shouted as she looked out of the window.“It's raining really hard.”
Richie __16__ his aunt.“It is raining hard，” he agreed，“but __17__ are the cats and dogs？”
Grandpa laughed.“Richie，that just __18__ it's raining really hard.”
“So why didn't you just say that？” Richie __19__．It was irritating (恼人的) when people spoke like they were not speaking English at all.
“We did.You just didn't understand these __20__．” Richie's cousin said with a big smile.
“Well，now I do.” Richie said.
(C)11.A.tigers and lions B．pigs and sheep
C．cats and dogs D．chickens and ducks
(D)12.A.important B．possible
C．necessary D．strange
(B)13.A.unless B．after C．till D．though
(A)14.A.couldn't B．shouldn't
C．needn't D．mustn't
(D)15.A.days B．animals C．ideas D．people
(B)16.A.shouted at B．looked at
C．laughed at D．pointed at
(C)17.A.what B．how C．where D．who
(C)18.A.explains B．proves C．means D．shows
(D)19.A.ordered B．thought C．repeated D．asked
(A)20.A.sayings B．questions C．objects D．stories
【主旨大意】本文讲述的是由一句谚语引发的笑话，使我们在微笑之余懂得不能望文生义这一道理。
11．【解析】由短文首句“It's raining cats and dogs！”可知里奇想要看到的动物是猫和狗，故选C。
12．important“重要的”；possible“可能的”；necessary“必需的；必要的”；strange“奇怪的”。根据文意“小里奇想要看到猫和狗从天而降却没有看到”可知，里奇此刻的感觉应当是比较奇怪，故选D。
13．【解析】unless“除非；如果不”；after“在……之后”；till“直到……为止”；though“尽管”。句意为“鲍勃叔叔向窗外看了之后也同意了”。故选B。
14．【解析】couldn't“不能”；shouldn't“不应该”；needn't“不必”；mustn't“禁止；不许”。句意为“他们先是谈论看不到的猫和狗。现在有人说‘它’。”故答案应为A。
15．【解析】day“一天”；animal“动物”；idea“主意；想法”；people“人；人们”。由上文文意“里奇听不懂大人们正在谈论的话”可知此处文章应表达里奇对大人们谈话的不理解，句意为“这些人怎么了？”。故选D。
16．【解析】shout at“对……大喊”；look at“看一看”；laugh at“嘲笑”；point at“指着”。句意为“里奇看了看他的阿姨。”故选B。
17．【解析】联系上文文意可知，里奇一直都想弄明白猫和狗在哪里，故应用疑问词where，答案选C。
18．【解析】explain“解释”；prove“证明”；mean“意思是”；show“显示；说明”。空格所在句句意为“里奇，那句话的意思就是雨下得真大。”故选C。
19．【解析】order“命令；订购”；think“思考”；repeat“重复”；ask“问；询问”。“So why didn't you just say that？”(那你们为什么就不那样说？)是里奇所问的话，故选D。
20．【解析】saying“谚语”；question“问题”；object“课题”；story“故事”。联系上文文意可知此处句意为“我们说了，你只是不理解这些谚语”。故选A。
三、阅读理解。(2015，锦州模拟)
Switzerland (瑞士) is one of the most developed countries in Europe.It is famous as one of the cleanest countries in the world.
The Swiss (瑞士人) think that recycling is very important.The government has made laws (法律) which require everyone to recycle.In 1998，the Swiss government passed a law which says that people can not throw away any electronic machines.Instead，people are told to bring old ones，such as televisions，computers and fridges，to special centers when they don't need them.Many parts of the old machines are reused，and only the parts that can't be used are thrown away.
The government also charges (收费) a rubbish bag tax (税)．If people want their rubbish to be collected，they must buy yellow stickers (张贴物) and put them on their rubbish bags.In 2003，47% of all rubbish in the cities was recycled.This included 70% of paper，95% of glass，71% of plastic bottles and 85—90% of cans.Until recently，people can get a small amount of money when they recycle their bottles.Recycling has become a daily habit for the Swiss.
Everyone should learn from the Swiss，and our country will be clean like Switzerland.
21．According to the passage，Switzerland is famous for __C__．
A．its food B．its watches
C．its environment D．its laws
22．How much rubbish in the cities was recycled in 2003？__C__
A．About 70%. B．95%.
C．47% D．85%－90%.
23．What can people do according to the law？__A__
A．Bring old computers to special centers.
B．Reuse the parts of the old machines that can't be used.
C．Throw away electronic machine.
D．A and C
24．How can people in Switzerland get a small amount of money？__B__
A．Put yellow stickers on their rubbish bags.
B．Recycle their bottles.
C．Bring old electronic machines to special centers.
D．Have a good habit.
25．The best title of the article is __C__．
A．One of the Cleanest Countries in the World
B．The Swiss Government
C．Recycling in Switzerland
D．Leaving from the Swiss
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了瑞士如何从法律和税收等方面实施垃圾回收政策。
21．【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It is famous as one of the cleanest countries in the world.”可知，瑞士是世界上最干净的国家之一。故选C。
22．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“In 2003，47% of all rubbish in the cities was recycled.”可知，应选C。
23．【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“people can not throw away any electronic machines.Instead，people are told to bring old ones，such as televisions，computers and fridges，to special centers...Many parts...are reused，and only the parts that can't be used are thrown away.”可知，A项正确，B、C两项错误。故选A。
24．【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Until recently，people can get a small amount of money when they recycle their bottles.”可知，应选B。
25．【解析】标题概括题。文章主要介绍了瑞士是如何回收垃圾的。C项概括了文章大意，适合做标题。故选C。
四、任务型阅读。(2015，阜新)
What must you do when you receive a gift for your birthday？You have to sit down and write a thank-you note.The words “Thank you” are very important.We have to use them in many places.We say them when someone gives us a drink，helps us to pick up things，hands us a letter or lends us a book.
Another important word is “please”．Many people forget to use it.It is not polite to ask someone for help without saying “please”．We have to use it when we ask for something，too.It may be a book or a pen，more rice or more milk.It may be in the classroom，at home，at the bus stop or in the restaurant.We have to use “please” to make people pleasant when we ask for things.
We have to learn to say “sorry” too.When we have hurt someone's feeling and he is /m?d/ at us，we will have to go up and say we're sorry.When we have not told the truth and feel sorry，we will have to use the same word.When we have forgotten something or broken a promise，we will have to explain with that word，too.“Sorry” is a great word.We can make people forget wrongs by using it.
“Thank you！Please！Sorry！”—These words are simple but important.We have to use_it now.Our children will have to use these words again.
26．请根据/m?d/写出相应的单词。
mad
27．请根据句意将画线部分use it中的错误改正过来。
use_them
28．请将下面句子改写为同义句。(词数不限)
We say them when someone gives us a present.
We say them when someone gives_a_present/gift_to_us．
29．What will you say if your friends help you?
Thank_you./Thanks./Thanks_a_lot./I_(We)_will_say_“thank_you”．/That's/It's_(very)_kind_of_you.
30．What does the passage mainly tell us?
These_(three)_words_are_simple_but_important.We/Our_children_will_have_to_use_these_words/them.或We_should_(often)_use_“Thank_you！Please！Sorry！”/the_three_words.或The_three_words_are_very_important.We_have_to_learn_to_say_these_words/how_to_use_these_three_words.
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲了一些礼貌用语的用法，鼓励我们多用礼貌用语。
26．【解析】本题考查根据音标写单词。be mad at sb.意为“生某人的气”。
27．【解析】本题考查改错。根据前句中These words are simple but important.可知it应改为them，代替these words。
28．【解析】本题考查同义句改写。give可接双宾语，give sb. sth.＝give sth. to sb.。
29．【解析】本题考查对文章细节的把握。根据常识和第一段最后一句可知应表达感谢。
30．【解析】主旨大意题。分析短文可知，这篇短文主要讲了一些礼貌用语的用法。
五、书面表达。(2015，朝阳模拟)
学会自我保护是青少年需要具备的一种意识和能力。请根据以下学校安全教育周收集的自我保护小贴士，并结合自己的观点，以“How Can We Protect Ourselves？”为题，写一篇90词左右的短文，谈谈在生活中青少年应该怎样自我保护。
要求：句子结构准确，要点齐全，内容合理，篇章结构连贯。
How Can We Protect Ourselves
Self-protection is one of the most important skills for teenagers.But how can we protect ourselves？Here are some of my suggestions.
First，we should be careful when we make friends，especially on line.Second，if we are in danger，we must call the police for help in time so that we can keep ourselves safe.Also，we ought to eat healthily and safely.Besides，we shouldn't crowd each other when we go upstairs or downstairs at school.Last but not least，summer is coming，we must remember it's dangerous to swim alone.
In short，everyone needs to learn how to protect ourselves and stay away from danger.
