课件16张PPT。辽宁省英语第40讲 短文填空辽宁各地市在近3年的选词填空题中，多以12选10或10选10形式为主，话题均与日常生活息息相关，如涉及文化风俗、事物介绍、事物发展、社会问题(留守儿童)、社会热点(最美的教师张丽丽)、故事集萃等，其中具有教育性和启发性的文章较多。12选10形式的完形填空有2个为干扰词汇，且干扰性较强；每篇中涉及变形的词汇数量为3～7个。考点包括：名词单复数；形容词、副词的 比较等级；基数词和序数词的转换；代词相互转换；动词的时态、语态；非谓语动词形式；以及各种词性彼此之间的转换，如形容词转换成副词等。 词汇运用类题目的考点主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力、词形变化和语法知识运用能力以及词组辨析能力等。试题通常以语篇的形式出现；测试内容以实词为主，虚词很少；测试题型以选词填空为主。
选词填空解题应注意事项：
①先对备选的词汇的词性作简单标记，如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad.等。同时对词义做初步的理解。
②根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意发现固定搭配关系，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。③在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有“'s”不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
④完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。【例1】 根据短文内容，用方框内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。(每个词只能用一次，有两个多余词)(2015，铁岭)
speak，away，without，they，interest，test，necessary，so，say，weak，if，can
These days it is found that school students hardly have any sports.Is it because they have no __1__ in sports？It may not be true.They often __2__ they have other important things to do.
What are these important things？Exams！They have to get themselves ready for all kinds of exams and __3__ in school.Somany of them almost become bookworms (书呆子)．In the past in the summer holidays，they __4__ do everything they liked，but now they have to spend all their time preparing for the next term.So studies have kept them __5__ from going in for sports.
Because of the pressure from their parents and teachers，they have to work harder and spend most of __6__ time on books.As for the students themselves，they don't want to fail the lessons，__7__ they want to improve their studies.It is __8__to give all their spare time to their studies and give up their school sports.It's true that a good education can't go __9__ physical training (体育锻炼)；the same is true—a quick mind hardly goes along with a __10__ body.Without a strong body，you can never do anything well；how can you make great success in life?
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了学生的现状，学生们为了提高学习成绩，放弃运动，把业余时间都花在学习上，并告诉我们这种做法是错的。呼吁学生要加强锻炼，思维才能敏捷，才能获得成功。
1．【解析】根据上文“近日发现学生几乎不做运动，难道是因为他们对运动没兴趣吗？”可选出答案。have no interest in意为“对……没有兴趣”。2．【解析】根据下文句意可知，学生们经常说他们有别的重要的事情要做；且由often可知用一般现在时。
3．【解析】and连接并列成分，根据exams可知这里应填tests，表示“考试和测试”。
4．【解析】根据上文in the past可知用一般过去时，再由题意可知，过去在暑假里，他们可以做一些他们喜欢的事，因此正确答案为could。
5．【解析】keep away from意为“远离”，根据文意可知，学习使他们远离了运动。6．【解析】根据文意可知，他们必须努力学习并且花费大多数时间在书本上。这里应该用形容词性物主代词，且与上文they对应。
7．【解析】根据上文可知，他们不想考试失败，因此想要提高自己的学习成绩，就得花时间去学习。so意为“因此”，表因果关系。
8．【解析】根据上文可知，他们想提高学习成绩就有必要把课余时间也花在学习上并且放弃运动。it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。
9．【解析】根据句意可知，良好的教育离不开体育锻炼，再由can't可知这里用without，双重否定表示肯定。10．【解析】hardly意为“几乎不”。根据文意，同样的道理，身体虚弱思维也很难敏捷。
答案：1.interest 2.say 3.tests
4．could 5.away 6.their 7.so
8．necessary 9.without 10.weak根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。(每个词只能用一次，有两个多余词)(2014，抚顺)
someone，along，follow，fast，why，though，glad，surprise，begin，I，worry，when
A little girl walked to and from school every day.The little girl made her daily trip to school as usual one day，__1__ it was not fine and the sky clouded over that morning.When school was over，the wind became stronger and it __2__ to rain.
The mother of the little girl felt __3__．Her daughter would be afraid when she walked home from school.The lightning (闪电) might make her child afraid.Following the bright lightning，the mother got into her car and drove __4__ to her child's school.As the mother drove __5__ the road，she saw her little girl walking alone in the rain.To her great __6__，she found that when a lightning came，her daughter stopped，looked up and smiled.Another lightning came and then another __7__．With each lightning，the little girl stopped，looked up and smiled.
Inside the car，the mother asked her daughter，“What were you doing？__8__ did you look up and smile when the lightning came？” The little girl answered with a smile，“Mom，you know，__9__ was looking at me.Each time when I felt a little afraid，someone would take a picture of __10__．I knew he was playing a game with me.”1．though 2.began 3.worried 4.fast
5．along 6.surprise 7.followed 8.Why
9．someone 10.me
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了一个小女孩用自己的方式克服恐惧的故事：小女孩放学时电闪雷鸣，下起了大雨。妈妈很担心，开车去接她时却发现每次出现闪电时小女孩都停下脚步、抬头往上看并露出笑容。上车后妈妈问她原因，小女孩回答：“有人在看着我呢，每次我觉得害怕，就有人给我拍一张照片，我知道他在跟我玩游戏呢。”1．【解析】本题考查连词。分析题干可知前后两句之间是让步关系，填though，意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
2．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，注意时态为一般过去时，begin应为began。
3．【解析】本题考查形容词。feel意为“感受到，感觉到”，此处feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据后句可知小女孩害怕闪电，因此妈妈感到担心。worry的形容词是worried。
4．【解析】本题考查副词。根据前句可知妈妈担心女儿，因此快速开车去学校接她。fast既可作形容词也可作副词。
5．【解析】本题考查介词用法。drive along...意为“沿着……开车”。6．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。to one's surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”。
7．【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。根据前后句可知，每次闪电时，小女孩都停下脚步，抬头往上看并露出笑容，再来一次还是这样。follow意为“跟随，接着”，注意时态应为一般过去时。
8．【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词。根据后句小女孩的回答可知，小女孩的妈妈问她为什么闪电时抬头向上看并微笑。
9．【解析】本题考查不定代词。根据题意可知，小女孩认为有人在看着她。10．【解析】本题考查人称代词用法。介词of后接人称代词的宾格形式。考点跟踪突破40 短文填空
根据短文内容，用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。(每个词只能用一次)
(一)沙漠里的一朵小花(2015，营口)
bring，all，because of，it，feel，she，touch，tour，please，but
There was a young flower in the desert (沙漠) where all was dry and sad looking.It was growing by 1.itself，enjoying every day and saying to the sun，“When shall I be grown up？” And the sun would say，“Be patient—each time I 2.touch you，you grow a little.” She was so 3.pleased because she would have a chance 4.to_bring beauty to this corner of sand and this is 5.all she wanted to do—bring a little bit of beauty to this world.
One day two 6.tourists came by and stepped on her.She was going to die and she 7.felt so sad，not because she was dying 8.but because she would not have a chance to bring a little bit of beauty to this corner of the desert.
The great spirit saw her，and was listening.Indeed (确实)，he said she should be living.And he reached down and touched her and gave 9.her life.
And she grew up to be a beautiful flower，and this corner of the desert became so beautiful 10.because_of her.
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了沙漠里的一朵小花不畏艰苦的环境，独自开心地生长着，她毕生的心愿就是为这个世界增添一丝美丽，即使因为被践踏而要枯萎，她还是不改初衷。伟大的精灵也被她感动，给了她新的生命。
1．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。by oneself意为“独自，靠自己”。根据题意可知，小花独自生长，自得其乐。
2．【解析】本题考查动词的用法。根据题意可知，太阳告诉小花：“要有耐心，每当我抚摸你的时候，你就会长大一点。”
3．【解析】本题考查形容词的用法。根据题意可知，听了太阳的话，小花很开心。
4．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。have a chance to do sth.意为“有机会做某事”。因此此处填to bring。
5．【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。根据题意可知，这就是她想做的所有的事。
6．【解析】本题考查名词的用法。根据题干可知应填名词，关键词是two，因此用复数形式。
7．【解析】本题考查动词的用法。根据题意可知小花快要枯萎了，她感到很伤心，注意时态是一般过去时。
8．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，根据题意可知她很伤心，并不是因为她快要枯萎，而是因为她失去了把美丽带到沙漠一隅的机会。
9．【解析】本题考查代词的用法。gave是动词，后接人称代词的宾格形式。
10．【解析】本题考查复合介词的用法。because of意为“因为，由于”，根据题意可知沙漠一隅也因为她而变得美丽。
(二)眼睛识别系统(2014，营口)
find，smile，machine，on，be，however，say，good，so，work
Soon computers and other 1.machines will be able to remember you by looking at your eyes.The program 2.works because everyone's eyes are different.3.So in the future you won't have to remember a number when you want to use a machine or take money out of bank.You'll just have to look at the machine and it will be able to tell who you 4.are．
The eye-recognition (识别) program is already being tested in shops and banks in the USA，Britain，Spain，Italy and Turkey.Soon，this technology will take the place of all other ways of 5.finding out whom people are.6.However，scientists are working on other systems.Machines will soon be able to know you from the shape of your face or hand or even your smell.We already have machines that can tell who you are from your voice or the mark made by your finger.
Eye-recognitions is 7.better than other kinds because your eyes don't change as you get older，or get dirty like hands or fingers.And even twins have different eyes，so the program can be up to 94% correct，depending 8.on how good the technology is.Some programs may only be right 51% of the time.In Britian，it was found that 91% of people who had tried it 9.said that they liked the idea of eye-recognition.In the future your computer will be looking at you in the eye.So 10.smile．
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一些先进的身份识别方法。随着科技的发展，很多电脑或者电器都具有人物身份识别功能，虽然也有依据指纹和脸型来识别的，但是眼睛识别系统更是以准确的优势被广泛承认和运用。
1．【解析】本题考查意义理解。根据前面的computers可知，这句话是说一些电脑和其他电器，故用machine，注意这里要用复数。
2．【解析】本题考查时态，此处讲述的是一般事实，根据句意，用works。
3．【解析】本题考查连词，根据句意，此处需要使用一个表达结果的连词。
4．【解析】本题考查动词。根据句意此处是说分辨你是谁，用be动词are。
5．【解析】本题考查词组。find out意为“弄清楚”。
6．【解析】本题考查连词，此处应该是用一个表示转折的连词，故用however。
7．【解析】本题考查比较级。句意：眼睛识别系统比其他的身份识别方法更好。
8．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。depend on意为“依靠，取决于”。
9．【解析】本题考查时态。根据上下文，人们发表看法应该是发生在试用之后，所以用一般过去时。
10．【解析】本题考查细节理解。根据句意，应该是说以后你的电脑会盯着你的眼睛看，所以微笑吧。
(三)志愿者工作(2014，锦州)
good，give，and，possible，other，help，animal，for，be，we
Volunteering takes up our time，energy，and even costs money.It can be hard work.So why should we do it？Well，here 1.are some reasons：
Firstly，volunteering is good for 2.others．The world is not perfect.Many people and animals need help.Secondly，governments try to meet everyone's needs，but it's 3.impossible for them to do all that.Thirdly，if we never help each other and only care about 4.ourselves，the world will be a sad place.If we work together，we can make life easier and happier.But what can we do?
★Bring food to hungry people，and bring comfort 5.and happiness to lonely people.
★Make neighborhoods safer and more friendly.
★Protect wildlife and natural areas；help care for pets and wild 6.animals．
At the same time，it is good for us to do volunteering work 7.for our society.We can get many benefits like the following through it：
●Get important skills and experience.
●Build confidence and self-esteem (自尊)．
●Feel satisfied after 8.helping others.
Since volunteering is so good for us，for others and for the whole society，why don't we try our 9.best to do it？If everyone of us 10.gives our love to others，the world will become much better!
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲了做志愿服务的理由以及该如何做志愿者，并呼吁我们做志愿者。
1．【解析】本题考查be动词用法。reasons是复数形式，因此be动词也用复数。
2．【解析】本题考查不定代词用法。根据题意可知志愿服务对他人有好处。
3．【解析】本题考查形容词用法。根据题干可知应填形容词，it's＋形容词＋for sb. to do sth.，根据题意可知政府努力满足每个人的需求，但他们不可能全部都做到。
4．【解析】本题考查反身代词用法。根据题意可知，如果我们从不互相帮助而是只考虑自己，世界将是一个悲伤的地方，we对应的反身代词是ourselves。
5．【解析】本题考查连词的用法。comfort和happiness是并列关系的名词，应用and连接，句意为：也给孤独的人带来安慰和快乐。
6．【解析】本题考查名词用法。根据题意可知，我们应该帮忙照顾宠物和野生动物。
7．【解析】本题考查词组固定搭配。work for意为“为……而工作；致力；效劳”。
8．【解析】本题考查动词的用法。关键词是after，介词后接-ing形式，根据题意可知，帮助别人后能让我们感到满足。
9．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。try one's best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”。
10．【解析】本题考查动词的用法。根据题意可知，如果人人都献出一点爱，世界将变成美好的人间！注意：every one of us是单数，故动词用单三形式。
(四)精卫填海(2015，葫芦岛)
根据短文内容，用方框内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确。(每个词只能用一次，有两个多余词)
so，young，mountain，try，it，stop，thousand，such，or，into，while，big
Here is a classic story in ancient China.
Once upon a time，the 1.youngest daughter of Yandi (炎帝) went sailing on the East Sea.Suddenly a strong wind rose and her boat turned down 2.while she was enjoying herself. Just before she was covered by the waves，her spirit turned 3.into a beautiful bird.As it flew over the sea，it cried sadly with the sound “jingwei，jingwei”，and then，people called 4.it “Jingwei”．
The bird lived on a mountain near the sea.It hated the sea 5.so much that it decided to fill it up.Every day，it flew to and fro (来回地) between the mountain and the sea，carrying a stick 6.or a stone from the mountain and dropping it into the sea.
One day，the sea said to Jingwei，“Poor little bird，7.stop doing that meaningless thing！You'll never fill me up.” Jingwei replied，“I'm sure that I'll fill you up！I will，even if it takes me 8.thousands of years！I'll fight on until you die！”
The brave little bird kept carrying sticks and stones from the 9.mountain(s) to the East Sea without taking a rest.
We use “The bird Jingwei 10.tries to fill the sea” to describe people that are indomitable (不屈不挠的) and will not stop until they reach their goals.
【文章大意】本文讲了精卫填海的故事。
1．【解析】the后的形容词要用最高级形式。此处指“炎帝最小的女儿”。
2．【解析】当她正玩得开心的时候，突然一阵大风吹翻了她的船。
3．【解析】她的灵魂变成了一只鸟，turn into意为“转变成”。
4．【解析】根据前句中As it flew over the sea，it cried...所以此处应用it指代这只鸟。
5．【解析】此处考查so...that...句型。
6．【解析】每天它都带一根树枝或一块石头丢进海里，不停地往返于山与海之间。
7．【解析】大海对精卫说，不要再做毫无意义的事了！stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。
8．【解析】thousands of意为“成千上万的”。
9．【解析】根据上文中第三段最后一句from the mountain可知。
10．【解析】try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”。
(五)节约资源、制止浪费(2015，丹东)
off，us，say，and，much，side，where，but，waste，speak，in，stop
Waste can be seen everywhere and it can bring a lot of problems.China is rich in some resources (资源)，1.but we are short of others，for example，fresh water.It is said that we will have no coal (煤) or oil to use 2.in 100 years.Also there is not enough food in some areas.So if we keep 3.wasting our resources，what can we use in the future and 4.where can we move？Think about it，I think we should 5.say “no” to the people who waste things every day.
In our everyday life，we can do many things 6.to_stop waste from happening.For example，remember to turn 7.off the lights when we leave the room and we'd better use both 8.sides of paper.Also we should try not to order 9.more food than we need and so on.Little by little，everything will be changed，waste can be stopped one day if we do 10.our best.
【文章大意】本文主要倡导资源节约、不浪费。
1．【解析】China is rich in some resources和we are short of others是转折关系，有些资源丰富，但有些资源短缺，but表示转折。
2．【解析】in＋时间表示“多长时间以后”，用一般将来时，根据题意，100年以后，我们将没有煤或石油可以使用。
3．【解析】keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”，根据题意，如果我们一直浪费资源的话，我们将来能用什么呢？
4．【解析】and连接并列结构，因此这里应该填与what并列的成分，再根据下文move，可知是搬到哪里去，用where。
5．【解析】say sth. to sb.意为“跟某人说某事”，根据题意，我们应该对那些浪费东西的人说“不”。
6．【解析】根据题意，这里应该是做些事去阻止浪费的发生，不定式表示目的。
7．【解析】根据下文when we leave the room可知离开房间要关灯，turn off意为“关”。
8．【解析】根据下文paper可知这里是在提倡节约用纸，应该使用纸的正反两面，再由both可知为复数，因此为sides。
9．【解析】根据than可知用比较级，food为不可数名词，这里用much的比较级more。表示我们在订餐时不要多订。
10．【解析】do one's best意为“尽某人最大的努力”，根据we可知这里应为our。
(六)误会的笑话(2014，辽阳)
until，happy，nothing，different，cook，still，same，moment，next，what，angry，time
A man was worried these days.He found there was something wrong with his wife.So he went to a doctor，“I think my wife is going to be deaf.1.What can I do to help her？”
The doctor thought for a 2.moment and said，“Well，try to test her hearing.Stand a little far from her and ask her a question.If she doesn't answer，then move a little closer and ask her the 3.same question again.Keep doing this 4.until she answers.That way we can know how bad the problem is.”
When the man got home，her wife 5.was_cooking in the kitchen.He stood far away and asked，“Tina，what's for dinner？” He didn't hear any answer.So he moved closer，“Tina，what's for dinner？” There was 6.still no answer.He moved closer and closer.And he asked the question again and again.But 7.nothing happened.At last，he just stood 8.next to his wife.His wife looked up and said 9.angrily，“I have answered you for ten 10.times．I said we would have fish.”
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。讲述了听觉越来越差的丈夫误以为是自己妻子听觉差而闹出的笑话。
1．【解析】本题考查特殊疑问词的用法。What can I do to help her？我能做什么来帮助她？
2．【解析】本题考查固定词组的运用。think for a moment意为“想一会儿”。
3．【解析】本题考查对文章细节的理解。医生建议他再走近些，然后问同样的问题。
4．【解析】本题考查连词的用法。医生建议他一直问，直到妻子回答他的问题为止。
5．【解析】本题考查过去进行时的用法。根据前半句“When the man got home”的时间提示，所以强调当时他的妻子的动作，所以用过去进行时。
6．【解析】本题考查副词的用法。当他走近去问的时候，妻子仍然没有回答。still意思是“仍然”。
7．【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。他又问了几遍，什么都没有发生。nothing意为“什么都没有”。
8．【解析】本题考查固定词组搭配。next to意为“紧挨着”。
9．【解析】本题考查对文章的理解把握。从妻子的话可以看出，妻子很生气，因为她已经回答了丈夫十次同样的问题。
10．【解析】本题考查英语中次数的用法。三次以上用“...times”。
(七)北京的“无车日”(2014，本溪)
another，or，other，month，their，on，nice，and，show，protect，can，one
Haze (雾霾) is heavy in Beijing.Beijingers pay more attention to No Car Day.It was first started in France on September 22，1998 to 1.protect the environment.By now，more than 1，000 cities around the world have had a No Car Day.
The 2.first No Car Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001.3.Other cities，including Taibei，Shanghai and Wuhan，also support (支持) the day.
In Beijing，more and more people are joining the campaign (运动)．It asks drivers to leave 4.their cars at home for one day each month and walk 5.or ride a bike to work.It also calls on Beijingers not to use cars 6.on June 5 (World Environment Day)．The slogan (口号) for the day is，“If we drive for one less day，we can have one more 7.nice/nicer day.”
So far，more than 200，000 drivers have 8.shown their support.“We can't control the weather，but we 9.can choose not to drive.” Beijing is trying to have more blue sky days this year.In the first three 10.months of this year，Beijing only had 52 blue sky days.This was 11 days less than the number for the same period the years before.Cars cause most of the air pollution.We must do more for No Car Day.
【文章大意】这是一篇有关环保话题的文章，通过介绍北京的No Car Day期间人们的行动，呼吁人们增强环保意识。
1．【解析】根据句式结构可知上处应该填动词，构成不定式，做目的状语。另外根据句意应为保护环境。
2．【解析】根据句意判断此处应该填序数词，本句句意为“中国的第一个No Car Day在2001年始于成都”。
3．【解析】根据前后句句意，此处填other，其后接名词复数。
4．【解析】根据句意可知此处填their，指代前边出现的“drivers”。
5．【解析】此处填连词or，表示选择关系，后半句意为“或步行或骑自行车上班”。
6．【解析】本题考查介词的用法，June 5为具体某一天，故应填on。
7．【解析】根据句意，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词day，故应填nice或nicer。
8．【解析】根据时态及句意，此处应用动词过去分词形式，故应填shown。
9．【解析】根据句意及后面的动词原形choose，可知此处用情态动词can最恰当。
10．【解析】根据句意及数词there，此处应该用名词复数，故应填months。
