课件16张PPT。第29讲 非谓语动词辽宁中考对非谓语动词的考查不多,主要考查动词不定式和动名词的用法,分词基本不考。动词不定式的考查主要集中在不定式作目的状语、后接动词不定式的动词(如allow,tell,ask,encourage等)及make,let等词后接省略to的不定式的用法。动名词则主要集中在其后接动名词动词或动词短语(如feel like,enjoy,avoid等)的用法。
动词不定式(2015年共考查5次,2014年共考查2次,2013年共考查3次)
动名词(2015年共考查1次,2014年共考查2次,2013年共考查0次)高频考向一 不定式
1.构成:to+动词原形,即:to do形式。其否定形式为:not to do。如:
The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的家庭作业。
2.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
?作主语
To help the old is our duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。
注意:动词不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往用it作形式主语,而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。①“It's+ adj.+of sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)……”。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词,常用的有good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。如:
It's kind of you to help me.你帮了我,你真好。
②“It's+ adj.+for sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说……”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有用的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的)等。如:
It's dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说,爬上那个高树是危险的。?作表语
To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着,但活着并不是为了吃饭。
?作宾语
常接不定式作宾语的动词有:decide(决定),expect(期望),forget(忘记),hope(希望),pretend(假装),try(尽力)等。如:
I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。
?作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask(要求),tell(告诉),want(想要),teach(教),wish(希望),help(帮助),warn(警告),invite(邀请),encourage(鼓励)等。如:
Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.当她出去的时候,她叫我接电话。?作定语
动词不定式作定语时,常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语,且被修饰的名词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如:
He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾)
He has no friends to talk with.他没有可以与之交谈的朋友。(介宾)
注意:①当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词习惯省去。如:
He had no place to live(in).他没地方住。
②有些名词常用不定式作定语。如:
a chance to go to school上学的机会
no time to think about rest没时间考虑休息
a way to learn/of learning English学习英语的一种方法?作状语
They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)
他们跑过来欢迎我们。
Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果)
保罗激动得说不出话来。
I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)
很抱歉打扰你。
注意:有些动词不定式在使用时,要省去to。具体有:
①在动词let,feel,see,look at,watch,have,make,notice,hear等动词后,动词不定式作宾语时,要省略to。但在变被动语态时,省略的to要加上。如:
I heard someone knock at the door.我听到有人在敲门。
We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。②在would you please,had better,why not,would rather等结构的句型后,要用不带to的不定式。如:
Would you please make your bed?请整理下你的床,好吗?
You'd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。
3.特殊疑问词+动词不定式
能接不定式的疑问词有:what,which,how,who,when,where等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如:
I don't know what to do.我不知道该做什么。
I don't know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做这事。
I don't know what to do about it.关于这件事,我不知该做些什么。
The question is who to go.问题是谁去。【例1】 —The environment on the earth is worse and worse.
—I agree with you.We must do everything we can ________ it.(2015,丹东预测)
A.protect B.protecting C.to protect D.protects
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意“我们必须做力所能及的事情来保护地球。”可知用动词不定式作目的状语。
答案:____
【例2】 Jackie asked me ________ anything.
A.not touch B.not touched
C.not touching D.not to touch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。ask sb. (not) to do sth.意为“让某人(不要)做某事”。此处应用动词不定式的否定形式。
答案:____CD【例3】 —Why are you so excited today?
—We were told________a picnic this weekend.
A.have B.to have C.having D.had
【解析】答语是一个被动语态的句子,结合选项内容可知句意为“我们被告知这个周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”,其被动形式为(sb.)be told to do sth.。
答案:____
【例4】 —Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?
—________abroad for further study.
A.Go B.Gone C.To go D.Goes
【解析】疑问词why用于提问原因,动词不定式结构可用来表示目的,回答原因。
答案:____BC【例5】 Students should learn how ________ problems.
A.solve B.solving C.can solve D.to solve
【解析】宾语从句可简化为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构,仍在句中作宾语。
答案:____D高频考向二 动名词
动名词具有名词的性质,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:
Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用。(主语)
My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。(表语)
She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。(宾语)
There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。(定语)
注意:(1)初中阶段常见的接动名词的动词或动词短语有:enjoy(喜欢),finish(完成),keep(保持),practice(练习),mind(介意),suggest(建议),avoid (避免),be busy(忙于);be worth(值得),can't help(禁不住),give up(放弃),be used to(习惯于),stop/prevent/keep…from(阻止),look forward to(盼望);feel like(想要);be good at(擅长);be interested in(对……感兴趣);succeed in(成功)等。【例6】 Isn't it strange that the cat is used to________(lie) beside the dog peacefully?
【解析】句意为:这只猫习惯了平静地躺在狗的身边,这不是很奇怪吗?be used to doing意为“习惯于做……”;be used to do意为“被用来做……”。
答案:__________
【例7】 Would you mind________(turn) down the music?The baby is sleeping.
【解析】mind作谓语动词时,其后接动名词作宾语。
答案:________lyingturning【例8】—Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?
—Yes.But now I realize I was wrong.I really regret ________ that silly thing to my mum.(2015,襄阳)
A.do B.to do C.doing D.did
【解析】问句句意为“你小时候和你妈妈顶嘴吗?”由语境可知答句句意为“是的。但是现在我意识到我错了。我真的后悔曾对我妈妈做过这样愚蠢的事情。”事情已做,故应用动名词形式。
答案:____C考点跟踪突破29 非谓语动词
1.My friend invited me __B__ the art club,and I accepted it with pleasure.(2015,上海)
A.join B.to join C.joined D.joining
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”,使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
2.Martin was so busy __A__ the old that he gave up his part-time job.(2015,上海)
A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”,为固定搭配。故选A。
3.My parents didn't allow me __B__ to the party.(2015,天津)
A.go B.to go C.goes D.went
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:父母不允许我去参加聚会。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”,为固定搭配。故选B。
4.I will try my best to stop my son from __D__ the same mistake.(2015,重庆)
A.make B.made C.makes D.making
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:我会尽最大努力阻止儿子犯同样的错误。stop sb. from doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“阻止某人做某事”。故选D。
5.Sarah,you'd better drink more water after __D__ for such a long time.(2015,广州)
A.run B.runs C.to run D.running
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。本句中“after”为介词,后面的动词要用动名词形式。故选D。
6.We advise parents __B__ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.(2015,广东)
A.not leave B.not to leave
C.leave D.to leave
【解析】本题考查固定搭配。句意为:为了使孩子远离危险,我们建议家长不要把孩子独自留在家中。advise sb. not to do sth.意为“建议某人不要做某事”。故选B。
7.Mary used to __B__ in the countryside,but now she is used to ________ in the city.(2015,云南)
A.live;live B.live;living
C.living;live D.living;living
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”;be used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事”。句意为:Mary过去经常住在乡下,但是现在她习惯了住在城里。故选B。
8.—It's important for us to know __A__ all the subjects.
—Yeah,group work is my favorite.(2015,河北)
A.how to study B.when to study
C.which to study D.what to study
【解析】本题考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。由答句句意,“小组学习是我最喜欢的”可知上句应为“对我们来说知道如何学习所有学科是重要的。”how意为“如何”,表方式。故选A。
9.—Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?
—Yes.But now I realize I was wrong.I really regret __C__ that silly thing to my mum.(2015,襄阳)
A.do B.to do C.doing D.did
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。regret to do意为“对要做的事遗憾(未做)”;regret doing意为“对做过的事感到遗憾,后悔做过某事”。句意为:“你小时候和你妈妈顶嘴吗?”“是的。但是现在我意识到我错了。我真的后悔曾对我妈妈做过这样愚蠢的事情。”。故选C。
10.Suddenly the house began to shake.He stopped __D__ music and rushed out.(2015,宁夏)
A.to listen to B.to listen
C.listening D.listening to
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.表示停止(现在正在做的事情)去做另外一件事;stop doing sth.表示停止现在正在做的事情。句意为:房屋突然开始晃动。他停止听歌,冲了出去。listen to为固定搭配,意为“听……”。故选D。
11.Mr.Smith told his son __A__ the football match because of the exam.(2015,呼和浩特)
A.not to watch B.to not watch
C.not watching D.doesn't watch
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:因为要考试,Smith先生叫他的儿子不要看足球比赛。tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”,为固定结构。故选A。
12.The traffic signs warn people __B__ after drinking.(2015,青岛)
A.to drive B.not to drive
C.driving D.don't drive
【解析】本题考查固定搭配。warn sb. to do sth.意为“警告某人做某事”,其否定形式是在不定式前加not。结合常识可知,此处应表示否定意义。故选B。
13.Paul made a nice cage __D__ the little sick bird till it could fly.
A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:Paul为生病的小鸟做了一个漂亮的笼子,可以让它一直待到能飞。根据题意,动词不定式在此处表目的,故答案为D。
14.—Why don't you go out to play,Rose?
—I'm afraid I can't.I have much homework __D__.
A.do B.does C.doing D.to do
【解析】本题考查非谓语中不定式作后置定语的用法。句意:“Rose,你为什么不出去玩呢?”“恐怕不行,我有很多作业要做。”故选答案为D项。
15.It took me two weeks __B__ reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.
A.finish B.to finish C.finishes D.finishing
【解析】本题考查查用句型:It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.某人花一段时间做某事。句意:我花了两周的时间读完了郭敬明写的小说。由此可知B项为正确答案。
16.Don't throw away the waste paper.It needs __D__ so that it can be reused.
A.to destroy B.destroying
C.to collect D.collecting
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:不要扔掉废纸。需要把它们回收起来以便循环利用。need doing sth.=need to be done,故此题答案为D项。
17.The funny story Tom told us made us __D__.
A.to laugh B.laughing
C.laughed D.laugh
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。make的用法较固定,“使某人做某事”应为make sb. do sth.,该短语中省略to的动词不定式作宾补。故选D。
18.How kind you are!You always do what you can __C__ me.(2015,营口模拟)
A.help B.helping C.to help D.helps
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:你真好!你总是做你能做的来帮助我。补全后为:You always do what you can (do) to help me.此空处用不定式作目的状语,故选C项。
19.We know that she enjoys __A__ books very much.(2015,鞍山模拟)
A.reading B.to read C.read D.reads
【解析】句意:我们知道她非常喜欢读书。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故选A项。
20.My father doesn't like shopping much.He would rather __A__ TV at home than ________ around for hours in shops.(2015,锦州模拟)
A.watch;walk B.watch;to walk
C.to watch;to walk D.to watch;walk
【解析】本题考查句型would rather do sth. than do sth.的用法。句意:我爸爸不太喜欢购物。他宁可在家里看电视也不愿在商店里逛几个小时。根据这一句型结构可知应选A项。
21.—__B__ healthy,you should eat ________ and exercise more.(2015,本溪模拟)
—I can't agree with you more.
A.Keep;more B.To keep;less
C.To keep;fewer D.Keeping;less
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意:“为了保持健康,你应该少吃多锻炼。”“我再同意不过了。”不定式表目的,eat less少吃,故选B项。
22.We don't know __C__ it next.Let's go and ask Mr.Li.(2015,铁岭模拟)
A.what to do B.to do what
C.whether to do D.to do whether
【解析】本题考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。句意:我们不知道下一步是否该做这件事,让我们去问问李先生吧。首先排除B、D两项;选项A中的what是疑问代词,本身可以作do的宾语,若选A,此空处后面的it是多余的。故选C。
23.My father is not good at cooking.He often asks my mother __A__.(2015,阜新模拟)
A.to help him B.to be helped
C.not to help him D.how to help him
【解析】句意:我父亲不擅长做饭。他经常让我母亲帮忙。ask sb. to do sth.请某人做某事,是“动词+宾语+宾补”结构,选项C是它的否定形式,不符合题意,B和D项在此处都不适用。
24.—Why do you want the book so much?
—__B__,sir.
A.Studying B.To study C.Studied D.Studies
【解析】本题考查不定式表示目的。句意:“你为什么这么想要这本书?”“为了学习,先生。”因此应选B。
25.—I prefer __D__ with a pen to ________ on the computer because I type so slowly.
—So do I.
A.write;typing B.to write;type
C.writing;type D.writing;typing
【解析】本题考查固定句型。句意:“我喜欢用钢笔写字胜过用电脑打字,因为我打字很慢。”“我也是。”prefer A to B的用法。喜欢A胜过喜欢B,常用名词、代词、动名词作宾语。