课件26张PPT。第38讲 完形填空2015年辽宁各地市中考试题中的完形填空，文体以记叙文和说明文为主。记叙文内容多是亲情和友情的故事(如2015年锦州试卷中关于圣诞节礼物的故事)或说明介绍类(如2015年辽阳试卷中介绍一年四季的美景)。试题以10空4选1为主(沈阳、营口15小题，大连12小题)。
预测2016年的完形填空还会减少单纯语法题的考查，备选项的干扰性会增大，文章的选材大多会是来自英语国家，语言更地道，词汇运用会更灵活。完形填空考查的类型
1．词汇题。这种题型从句子和语境层次上来全面考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、连词、介词、动词等词类的意义和用法。
2．常用固定搭配和习惯用法题。这种题涉及动词短语、介词短语、副词短语等的搭配和用法。
3．句法题。这种题型涉及简单句的五种句型、并列句、状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句等。
4．逻辑分析题。这种题型主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和语言运用能力。“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。
(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词：
1．语法结构所要求的功能词。如：连接词，连接代词，连接副词，关系代词，关系副词等。
2．具有语法变化的普通词。如：动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的等级等。
3．固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。
4．同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5．根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。(二)“完形填空”题解题策略：
1．解题前要通读全文，领悟大意。
完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现，因此，通读全文，把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间，只看选项，不看文章。不看上下文，不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系，结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。2．解题时要全面考虑，确定选项。
完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，确定正确的答案。其具体做法有：
?重视首句，寻求信息
完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章，留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题，可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。【例1】 Few people like changing their habits，good or bad.Whether it is smoking，drinking or over-eating，they ________ “enjoying” them to the end.(2015，苏州，16)
A．stop B．continue C．finish D．avoid
解析：由首句“Few people like changing their habits，good or bad.(很少有人喜欢改变他们的习惯，好的或坏的。)”可知此处表示“他们继续‘享受’着这些习惯”。
答案：____BMy mother only had one eye.And because of this，I never wished her to show up in my school，being afraid that my classmates would __1__ I had an ugly mother.(2014，十堰，41)
( )1.A.run out B．put out
C．come out D．find outD?明辨褒贬语境，判断是非
几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文章并准确理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。
【例2】 His house turned into a comfortable place immediately.The poor man ________.(2015，广东，55)
A．cheered up B．rang up
C．sped up D．stayed up
解析：房子变得舒适了，那个穷人应该是“高兴起来了”。
答案：____AFinally，I stopped in the air，I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and ________.The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.(2015，长沙，40)
( )2.A.sadly B．angrily C．proudlyC?巧用平行结构，判断逻辑
平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。
【例3】 On October 20，2009，my mother died after a long illness...I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and ________.(2015，宁波，27)
A．gifts B．pains C．dialogs D．mistakes
解析：由上文可知，我非常欣慰母亲不再受疼痛的折磨。与aches(疼痛)相对称的词为pains。
答案：____BThey found that the kids who watched violent cartoons fought with others and __3__ class rules more often.(2014，宜宾，47)
( )3.A.broke B．followed
C．obeyed D．madeA?结合常识，明辨真伪
根据实际生活中的情况，作出最符合逻辑思维的推理，排除不符合逻辑的选项，得出正确答案。考生要注意在判断推理时，一定要联系上下文，且符合现实逻辑，切不可用特殊的、偶然的现象进行常识性推理，否则得出的答案就会片面，没有说服力甚至是错误的。
【例4】 We can't force life to follow our wishes.The earth won't ________ turning whether we accept it or not.
A．stop B．keep C．start D．avoid
解析：无论我们是否接受，地球都不会停止转动。
答案：____AIt read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Don't forget me.Be ________！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，宁波，30)
( )4.A.serious B．happy
C．patient D．strictB?熟练语法和固定搭配，轻松解题
对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题，考生除了要注意平时的积累外，还要针对语法结构、句式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析，从而解决问题。
【例5】At the same time，in developing countries like China and Brazil，sales of meat have doubled in the last 20 years.________ will double again by 2050.(2015，南昌，64)
A．It B．That C．We D．They
解析：空白处所填词在句中作主语，指代上文中所提到的“sales(销售额)”，为可数名词复数形式。
答案：____DLast week，students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful.
There ________ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈阳，16)
( )5.A.are B．were
C．is D．wasB?多方推断，寻求线索
完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句子或段落，还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。
·正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息，当然这儿所指的信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容，弄清事实，并思考下文的发展方向，从而推断下文的未知信息。·逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时，不能着急，应沉着冷静地阅读下文，看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。
·联合推断法是指在有些情况下，空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出，也不能单独由下文反向推断而出，这就需要考生利用其上下文已知信息联合推断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文，看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系，并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。①正向推断法
【例6】One day，Li Xuan discovered a wishing well (许愿池) on the side of the road.(2015，长春，31)
He took out a coin and threw it into the ________.
A．street B．well C．river D．room
解析：由上文“一天，李轩在路边发现了一个许愿池”可知，他拿出一枚硬币是投向许愿池。
答案：____BIt seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no ________ or fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40)
( )6.A.pride B．worry
C．anger D．regretB②逆向推断法
【例7】 It was a Sunday morning，and I was in a ________ mood (情绪)．Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and hadn't invited me.(2015，山西，31)
A．good B．terrible C．peaceful
解析：由下文中“我的两个朋友前一天晚上去看电影了，但是没有邀请我”可知，我的心情很糟糕。
答案：____BBert Manson，82，slowly opened his eyes and turned to face the clock on the beside table.It was 8：23 a．m.He felt ________.The time was nothing to him.He had nothing to do all day.(2015，佛山，31)
( )7.pleased B．sad C．surprised
He raised a glass of water and asked them，“How ________ do you think this glass of water is？”．..Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41)
( )8.A.heavy B．full
C．much D．longBA③正逆向联合推断法
【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out_of_a_car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we ________ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car．(2015，长沙，34)
A．walked B．ran C．drove
解析：由上句中的out of a car以及下句I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透过车窗，我被路边的景色惊呆了)可知，我们是开车去的。
答案：____C...She wondered if they were getting the_right_foods．
Amelia read all she could about gorillas (大猩猩) and learned what they like to ________.Then she started a “gorilla garden”．She grows the fruits_and_vegetables that gorillas love to eat.(2015，南京，19)
( )9.A.eat B．bite C．fight D．kick
Do you ever watch old movies？Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous ________ in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made_70_movies．(2015，天津，41)
( )10.A.nurse B．actress C．doctor D．teacherAB?复读全文，检验答案
把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。
很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是：
①顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。
②瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的在四个选项里找。③顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。
④认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。
总之要想成功突破完形填空必须做到：研读首尾，抓主题；上下联系，寻信息；左顾右盼，找搭配；思前想后，觅逻辑；语境分析，辨词义；回读检查，补漏洞。考点跟踪突破38 完形填空
训练一 故事类
(一)情感故事——母子情(2014，丹东)
I often asked my mother for help when I had __1__ to do.But she always said，“Do it yourself，dear.” I was not happy about this at all.I thought she was the __2__ mother in the world!
For example，one day，I decided to invite some friends of __3__ to my home.My bedroom was in a mess.Books were __4__，and I didn't make the bed.I asked my mother to help me clean it，__5__ she still said，“Do it yourself.”
Because of my “lazy mother”，I __6__ to wash my clothes and clean my room.I had to help my parents do __7__．I even had to go to the dentist by __8__．It was really hard for me to do everything well，but I have learned a lot.As time __9__，I understand my mother.She __10__ me clever and diligent (勤奋的)．She is a great mother.
(C)1.A.everything easy B．anything easy
C．something difficult D．nothing difficult
(D)2.A.nicest B．best C．tallest D．laziest
(B)3.A.I B．mine C．me D．my
(C)4.A.here B．there
C．everywhere D．nowhere
(A)5.A.but B．or C．though D．so
(D)6.A.volunteered B．wanted
C．offered D．had
(B)7.A.sports B．chores C．decisions D．mistakes
(A)8.A.myself B．herself
C．ourselves D．himself
(C)9.A.goes back B．goes over
C．goes by D．goes up
(B)10.A.helped B．made C．taught D．thought
【文章大意】本文是记叙文，讲述了“我”在妈妈的督促下，自己的事自己做。“我”从开始的不满到后来的理解，同时也赞扬了母亲的伟大。
1．【解析】根据上文“I often asked my mother for help”可判断作者经常在遇到困难的时候找妈妈帮忙。
2．【解析】根据第三段开头中“lazy mother”可知答案。
3．【解析】some friends of＋名词性物主代词，根据题意，这里指我的一些朋友。
4．【解析】根据上文中的“My bedroom was in a mess.”可推断书肯定放得到处都是，故选everywhere。
5．【解析】根据上下文可知，“我”让妈妈帮“我”，但她仍说“自己做”，所以这里应表转折。
6．【解析】根据下文“I had to help my parents do...”可知上文与之对应，应用had。另外，have to意为“不得不，必须”，表示一种强迫的概念，符合文意。
7．【解析】根据上下文可知“我”帮父母做家务。do chores意为“做家务”。
8．【解析】根据上文妈妈总是说“Do it yourself.”可判断是自己去看牙医。myself与句中的I相对应。by oneself意为“单独，独立”。
9．【解析】as time goes by意为“随着时间的流逝”。go back意为“回去”；go over意为“复习”；go up意为“上升”。
10．【解析】下文为clever and diligent，选项中只有make后可接形容词，意为“使……变得……”。
(二)哲理故事——猴子和大象(2014，辽阳)
Once upon a time，an elephant was proud because he was so __1__ that he could pull a tree down.A monkey thought he was very quick and can __2__ a tree.They couldn't decide which was better—to be strong __3__ to be quick.At last they went to a horse.The horse said to them，“Do just as I tell you.Go to the other side of the __4__ and get some fruit for me，and then I shall decide which is better.”
So the elephant and the monkey went to the river，but the water was deep and the monkey was worried.“Get on __5__ back，” said the elephant，“I shall carry you to swim __6__ the river.” Soon they got to the other side.There stood the tree.It was so tall.The elephant tried to break the tree down，but it was too strong.He tried to reach the fruit，but it was too high.
“Wait a minute，I can climb，” said the monkey.He ran __7__ up the tree and got the fruit.Then they __8__ the river with the fruit again.They gave the horse the fruit and said，“Now tell us which is better.” “Each of you couldn't get the fruit __9__ yourself.It __10__ both the elephant's strength (力量) and the monkey's quickness to get it，” said the horse.
The elephant and the monkey both smiled.
(B)1.A.heavy B．strong C．big D．tall
(C)2.A.catch B．hold C．climb D．get
(A)3.A.or B．and C．but D．so
(D)4.A.field B．mountain C．street D．river
(C)5.A.her B．your C．my D．his
(A)6.A.across B．from C．to D．under
(D)7.A.clearly B．slowly
C．nearly D．quickly
(C)8.A.jumped B．swam C．crossed D．ran
(B)9.A.in B．by C．with D．to
(A)10.A.needed B．spent C．kept D．paid
【文章大意】本文讲述了骄傲的猴子和大象在经历了一番困难后感悟到每人都有各自的长处，齐心协力才可以战胜困难的故事。
1．【解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据后半句话中“它可以推倒一棵树”可知此处说大象“强壮”。heavy意为“重的”；big意为“大的”；tall意为“高的”；strong意为“强壮的”。
2．【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。根据前半句话中“猴子认为它很敏捷”可知此处说它可以“爬树”。climb意为“爬”；catch意为“抓住”；hold意为“握住”；get意为“得到”。
3．【解析】本题考查连词。表示两者中选一个，用连词or。
4．【解析】本题考查细节理解。根据第二段中第一句话中提到“river”可知，此处应该是去河的另一边。
5．【解析】本题考查物主代词。根据文章内容可知，河水深，然后大象对猴子说“到我的背上来”。
6．【解析】本题考查介词。介词across表示从一边到另一边。根据文章内容，大象和猴子要从河的这边到达河的那边。
7．【解析】本题考查副词。根据上文提到猴子“quick”，因此此处是“很快地”爬上树。
8．【解析】本题考查词义辨析。cross意为“横渡”，相当于前文中的动词短语swim across；jump意为“跳”；run意为“跑”；swim意为“游泳”。
9．【解析】本题考查固定短语用法。by oneself意为“靠某人自己”。
10．【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。它需要大象和猴子共同的力量来完成。need意为“需要”；spend意为“花费”；keep意为“保持”；pay意为“支付”。
(三)态度决定一切(2015，大连)
This story is about Mrs. Jones，an 82-year-old lady.__1__ her life was hard，she was always nicely dressed every day.
This morning Mrs. Jones was moving to the nursing home (养老院)．The nursing home was very __2__．After hours of waiting，Mrs. Jones still smiled sweetly when she was told that her room was ready.__3__ the way to her room，I told her what the room was like.
Suddenly she said，“I love __4__！”
“__5__ Mrs. Jones，you haven't seen the room yet！” I was surprised at her reply.
She stopped and said，“Whether I like my room or not doesn't depend on how the furniture is __6__．It depends on how I decide to __7__ the room.I have already decided to love the room before I __8__ see it.”
Then she continued，“I have a __9__．I can spend the day in bed and consider how tiny my room is.Or I can just get out of bed and be thankful that I can __10__ enjoy a new day.Each day is a __11__．I'll enjoy my life and all the happy memories that I have stored in my bank account (账户) before.”
Life is like a bank account.You can take out what you've put in.If you have put a lot of __12__ in your bank account，you can take out some of it when you feel sad.
Attitude (态度) is everything.
(C)1.A.When B．Since C．Although D．If
(A)2.A.busy B．beautiful C．old D．small
(A)3.A.On B．In C．By D．Through
(D)4.A.them B．her C．you D．it
(B)5.A.So B．But C．And D．Or
(D)6.A.repaired B．made C．bought D．placed
(B)7.A.take up B．think about
C．tidy up D．ask for
(C)8.A.clearly B．carefully C．actually D．nearly
(C)9.A.habit B．dream
C．choice D．suggestion
(B)10.A.also B．still C．ever D．only
(A)11.A.gift B．mess C．lesson D．journey
(D)12.A.love B．courage
C．kindness D．happiness
【文章大意】文章讲述了一位乐观的老太太还没有见到自己在养老院的房间时就说喜欢它，告诉我们态度决定一切的道理。
1．【解析】根据下文可知，尽管生活很困难，她却总是每天穿得很好。although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。
2．【解析】根据下文After hours of waiting可知等了很久，可判断养老院很忙。
3．【解析】on the way to...意为“去……的路上”。此处句意为“在去她房间的路上，我告诉她房间是什么样子的”。
4．【解析】上文提到the room，可知她说的是“我喜欢这个房间”，it指上文提到的the room。
5．【解析】根据上文，在去的路上即还没看到房间的时候老太太就说喜欢它，“我”应该感到很奇怪，“但是您还没有看到房间啊”，这里表示转折，用but。
6．【解析】房间是随着家具摆放的位置而有所不同的，根据题意，“我喜欢房间与否并不取决于家具的摆设”，place意为“放置”；repair意为“修理”；make意为“制作”；buy意为“买”。
7．【解析】根据上文可知她还没见到房间的时候就说喜欢，说明喜欢房间与否取决于自己的想法，think about意为“想，思考”；take up意为“占据”；tidy up意为“收拾，整理”；ask for意为“要求”。
8．【解析】根据上文可知，她在真正见到房间之前就决定喜欢它了。actually意为“事实上，实际上”；clearly意为“清晰地”；carefully意为“仔细地，小心地”；nearly意为“差不多，几乎”。
9．【解析】根据下文I can spend the day in bed...Or I can just get out of bed...可知她可以这样做，或者也可以那样做，这是她的选择。choice意为“选择”；habit意为“习惯”；dream意为“梦想”；suggestion意为“建议”。
10．【解析】根据上文，要么是在床上度过一天，想着房间有多小，要么起床并感激自己仍然可以享受新的一天，still意为“仍然，还”。
11．【解析】根据上文enjoy a new day可知每天对她来说都是一份礼物，可以开心地享受。gift意为“礼物”；mess意为“混乱”；lesson意为“课”；journey意为“旅行”。
12．【解析】下文中的sad与happy是对应的，根据题意，当你往你的账户存一些开心时，你就可以在你伤心的时候拿出来一些开心让自己快乐。
(四)智者的花瓶(2015，锦州模拟)
Once upon a time，there was a lazy poor man living in a small house with spider webs (蜘蛛网) on the walls and mice running around.People __1__ coming into such a dirty place and the poor man was lonely and sad every day.He thought it was poverty (贫困) that __2__ his unhappy life.
One day，the poor man dropped in on a wise old man and asked him for __3__ about changing his life.The old man gave him a beautiful vase (花瓶) and said，“This is a magic vase that will bring you __4__．”
The poor man looked at the vase __5__．Why would he need a vase in his poor house？However，he didn't want to __6__ such a beautiful vase，so he brought it home on the table.
“It's not right for something so beautiful to be __7__．” the poor man looked at the vase and thought.Then he picked some wild flowers and put them into it，making it even more beautiful.
__8__ he was still not satisfied.“It is not good for such a beautiful thing to stand next to a spider web.” At this，he started to do some cleaning in the house and paint the walls.
His house turned into __9__ place immediately.The poor man __10__．He suddenly realized that in the past it was his laziness that made him poor and unhappy.From then on，he worked hard and his life got better and better.
(B)1.A.enjoyed B．avoided
C．forgot D．considered
(A)2.A.led to B．connected to
C．made up D．set up
(C)3.A.service B．knowledge
C．advice D．care
(B)4.A.peace B．happiness
C．mess D．regret
(D)5.A.sadly B．nervously
C．proudly D．surprisedly
(A)6.A.throw away B．give out
C．pay for D．keep off
(C)7.A.ugly B．full C．empty D．dirty
(B)8.A.Although B．But C．So D．Because
(D)9.A.large B．dark
C．strange D．comfortable
(A)10.A.cheered up B．rang up
C．sped up D．stayed up
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个懒惰的人想要改变自己贫穷的生活，在一位智者送给他花瓶后变得勤快了，最后在自己的努力下过上了好日子。
1．【解析】考查动词辨析。A项意为“喜欢”；B项意为“避免”；C项意为“忘记”；D项意为“考虑，认为”。由下文“the poor man was lonely”可知，因为这个懒人家里很脏，人们都不去，所以他非常孤单。故选B。
2．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“导致”；B项意为“连接”；C项意为“组成，化妆，补足，编造”；D项意为“建立，准备，安排，引起”。由语境可知，他认为贫困导致了他生活不幸福。故选A。
3．【解析】考查名词辨析。A项意为“服务”；B项意为“知识”；C项意为“建议”；D项意为“关心”。由语境可知，他向智者寻求改变生活的建议。ask sb. for advice为固定搭配，意为“向某人寻求建议”。故选C。
4．【解析】考查名词辨析。A项意为“和平”；B项意为“幸福”；C项意为“混乱”；D项意为“后悔，遗憾”。由语境可知，这个有魔力的花瓶会给他带来幸福。故选B。
5．【解析】考查副词辨析。A项意为“伤心地”；B项意为“紧张地”；C项意为“自豪地”；D项意为“惊讶地”。由下文“Why would he need a vase in his poor house？”可知，这个穷人惊讶地看着花瓶，对智者的建议感到不解。故选D。
6．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“扔掉”；B项意为“分发，公布”；C项意为“付款”；D项意为“远离”。由下文“he brought it home”可知，他不想扔掉这个漂亮的花瓶，所以把花瓶带回家了。故选A。
7．【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项意为“丑陋的”；B项意为“满的”；C项意为“空的”；D项意为“脏的”。由下文“he picked some wild flowers and put then into it”可知，他出去采了一些花，是因为不希望漂亮的花瓶空着。故选C。
8．【解析】考查连词辨析。A项意为“虽然”；B项意为“但是”；C项意为“因此”；D项意为“因为”。由语境可知，本句表示转折，指虽然花瓶里放了花之后，漂亮多了，但是他还不满足。故选B。
9．【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项意为“大的”；B项意为“黑暗的”；C项意为“奇怪的”；D项意为“舒服的”。由上文“he started to do some cleaning in the house and paint the walls”可知，经过打扫和刷墙后，房子变得舒服了。故选D。
10．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“高兴起来”；B项意为“打电话”；C项意为“加速”；D项意为“熬夜”。由语境可知，当他的家变得舒服之后，他很开心。故选A。
(五)教育的重要性(2015，鞍山模拟)
Sitienei，a 90-year-old Kenyan grandmother，has become the world's oldest primary school student.She is studying at the local primary school to learn to read and write.She is from a small __1__ in Kenyan.She has spent most of her life __2__ as a midwife (接生婆)，helping women to give birth to babies.She wants to pass on her midwife skills to the young.She said she didn't have a chance to go to school when she was __3__．So she wants all the children in her village to __4__．
The head teacher at the school said，“I'm proud __5__ her.She is loved by every pupil.They all want to learn and play with __6__．” He also said，“She is doing well considering her __7__．I can say I have seen a big difference in this school __8__ she came.”
Sitienei often said，“I want to tell children，__9__ girls in poor areas，that __10__ will be your wealth.” She added，“With education，you can be whatever you want to be—a doctor，a teacher，a scientist，and so on.”
(B)1.A.school B．village C．town D．city
(D)2.A.reading B．writing C．playing D．working
(A)3.A.young B．old C．famous D．free
(A)4.A.study B．work C．leave D．listen
(C)5.A.for B．with C．of D．in
(A)6.A.her B．me C．him D．you
(B)7.A.chance B．age C．skills D．ways
(C)8.A.after B．when C．since D．before
(B)9.A.naturally B．especially
C．luckily D．certainly
(D)10.A.friendship B．future
C．competition D．education
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了肯尼亚一位90岁的老太太成了世界上年纪最大的小学生，她想通过自己的实际行动来告诉孩子们教育的重要性。
1．【解析】考查名词辨析。school意为“学校”；village意为“村庄”；town意为“城镇”；city意为“城市”。由“So she wants all the children in her village...”可知，她来自肯尼亚的一个小村庄。故选B。
2．【解析】考查动词辨析。read意为“读”；write意为“写”；play意为“玩耍，演奏”；work意为“工作”。由“as a midwife (接生婆)”可知，答案选D。
3．【解析】考查形容词辨析。young意为“年轻的”；old意为“旧的，老的”；famous意为“著名的”；free意为“自由的，免费的”。根据上文“Sitienei，a 90-year-old Kenyan grandmother”可知，这里是指她年幼时没有机会上学。故选A。
4．【解析】考查动词辨析。study意为“学习”；work意为“工作”；leave意为“离开”；listen意为“听”。根据“She said she didn't have a chance to go to school”可知，她希望村庄里的孩子都能够上学。故选A。
5．【解析】考查介词辨析。be proud of意为“为……感到自豪”。故选C。
6．【解析】考查代词辨析。根据“She is loved by every pupil.”可知，他们都想和她一起学习和玩耍。故选A。
7．【解析】考查名词辨析。chance意为“机会”；age意为“年龄”；skill意为“技巧”；way意为“方法”。根据“Sitienei，a 90-year-old Kenyan grandmother”可知，这里是指“考虑到她的年龄”。故选B。
8．【解析】考查连词辨析。after意为“在……之后”；when意为“当……时候”；since意为“自从”；before意为“在……之前”。根据上文“I have seen a big difference in this school”可知，此处指“自从她来到学校以来”。故选C。
9．【解析】考查副词辨析。naturally意为“自然地”；especially意为“尤其，特别”；luckily意为“幸运地”；certainly意为“当然”。根据语境可知，此处指“特别是贫困地区的女孩子”。故选B。
10．【解析】考查名词辨析。friendship意为“友谊”；future意为“将来”；competition意为“竞赛”；education意为“教育”。根据下文“With education...”可知，答案选D。
训练三 介绍类
(一)美味的食物——包子(2014，铁岭)
Chinese dishes are very different in the north and south.But there is one kind of food that is __1__ in most parts of China.It is baozi.Chinese President Xi Jinping once even __2__ in a restaurant and bought some baozi.
Baozi are usually __3__ vegetables or pork and wrapped in a soft flour shell (面皮儿)．They are made in different __4__．The smallest is xiaolongbao.Each one comes in a bite-sized form.The fillings (馅儿) of Baozi are also different.Meat and vegetables are common.In the south，many people also put sweet fillings such as sugar __5__ baozi.Some baozi __6__ have soup inside，for example，steamed juicy buns (灌汤包)．People use a straw (吸管) to drink the soup first __7__ they eat them.Most baozi are steamed，but __8__ are cooked in a different way.Shengjianbao is fried.People love its crispy (酥脆的) shell and golden color.
Baozi are important to Chinese people.They are one of Chinese people's ten __9__ dishes，Xinghua News Agency reported.Not only Chinese，but also many foreigners like baozi.They call __10__ dumplings，the same name as jiaozi in English.
(B)1.A.special B．common C．expensive D．useful
(A)2.A.showed up B．stayed up
C．dressed up D．grew up
(C)3.A.divided into B．used for
C．filled with D．made by
(A)4.A.sizes B．colors C．shapes D．tastes
(D)5.A.outside B．onto C．with D．inside
(B)6.A.never B．even C．yet D．almost
(C)7.A.after B．until C．when D．since
(D)8.A.all B．both C．few D．some
(C)9.A.popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．less popular
(A)10.A.them B．it C．its D．their
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了在中国常见却重要的美味食物之一——包子。
1．【解析】本题是细节理解题。由句子中“in most parts of China”可知包子“普通、常见”，选B。
2．【解析】本题考查动词短语意义的辨析。文中once说明习近平主席曾经有一次去餐馆并买了包子。show up意为“出现，露面”；stay up意为“熬夜”；dress up意为“穿衣打扮”；grow up意为“成长”。结合语境故选A。
3．【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。由下句“wrapped in a soft flour shell”说明先要“填满馅料”，故选C。fill with意为“填充，装满”；divide into意为“把……分成……”；used for意为“用于”；made by意为“由……制成”。
4．【解析】本题是细节理解题。由第二段第三句中“The smallest is xiaolongbao.”可知前句是介绍包子的“大小，尺寸”，故选A。
5．【解析】本题考查动词短语搭配。fill inside意为“装在里面”。
6．【解析】由上文介绍各种类型的包子可知此处是进一步介绍内部放汤汁的包子。
7．【解析】根据句意，此处表达“当……时”，故用when。
8．【解析】本题考查代词的用法。由上文“most baozi”推知要用some。all表示“三者或三者以上都”；both表示两者都(表肯定)；few意为“很少”；some意为“一些”。
9．【解析】本题考查形容词最高级的用法。“one of sb.'s＋形容词的最高级＋可数名词的复数”是固定搭配，由句意可知用其最高级，故选C。
10．【解析】由末段第一句“Baozi are important to Chinese people.”可推知主语是复数，人称代词也要保持数的一致，所以动词call后用宾语格式them。
(二)资源循环(2014，盘锦)
The natural world teaches us a great deal about recycling.In nature，recycling happens every day.For example，when leaves fall to the ground，they will turn into compost (肥料)，helping __1__ grow healthily and strong.When an animal dies，it becomes food for __2__ animals.Nothing is wasted.But humans have created things like plastic bags __3__ can't be broken down by nature.Our rubbish kills animals and __4__ water and soil.If we continue making __5__ rubbish，the problem will only get worse.If nature can't reuse the rubbish，we __6__ recycle it.We should clean up the rubbish we've made because nature can't.
Recycling is important.In reusing material instead of throwing it away，we can also benefit (受益) from it.__7__ the earth is rich in natural materials like water and trees，these materials are not endless.We use __8__ our natural materials much faster than the earth is able to reproduce them.For example，each year we __9__ more than 6，000 square miles of forest.But it __10__ an average of 25 years for a new tree to grow.
Recycling can help us save the earth，so let's take action right now.
(B)1.A.animals B．plants C．humans D．rivers
(D)2.A.another B．the other
C．others D．other
(B)3.A.who B．which C．what D．where
(A)4.A.pollutes B．produces C．recycles D．cleans
(B)5.A.too many B．too much
C．a lot D．much too
(C)6.A.may B．can C．must D．need
(A)7.A.Although B．If C．Because D．As
(C)8.A.of B．to C．up D．for
(C)9.A.break down B．grow up
C．cut down D．fix up
(D)10.A.spends B．costs C．pays D．takes
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了自然界中的资源循环使用的现象，号召人们要进行资源回收利用，节约资源，保护环境。
1．【解析】根据上文“leaves fall to the ground”可判断树叶到土里转化成肥料，帮助植物生长。
2．【解析】根据上文“When an animal dies”可推断当一个动物死后，便成了其他动物的食物。other意为“其他的”，后接名词复数。
3．【解析】这里考查的是定语从句。先行词bags为物，并在定语从句中做主语，因此引导词可为that或which。
4．【解析】根据上文“Our rubbish kills animals”可判断垃圾污染了水和土壤。produce意为“生产”；recycle意为“使再循环”；clean意为“净化”；pollute意为“污染”。
5．【解析】rubbish为不可数名词。选项中，too much＋不可数名词；too many＋可数名词复数；a lot不可修饰名词，作名词短语，意为“多量”，作副词短语意为“很，非常”；much too＋形容词。
6．【解析】根据下文“We should clean up the rubbish we've made because nature can't.”中should强调一种义务。如果大自然不能使垃圾循环利用，那么我们就必须把他们回收利用。can，may，need的语气都不够强硬。
7．【解析】although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管……”。根据题意，“尽管地球上资源丰富，却并不是无尽的。”可知although符合文意。
8．【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。use up意为“用尽，用光”；use of意为“使用”；use to意为“习惯于……”；use for意为“用来，用于”。
9．【解析】根据下文中的forest可知应是砍伐森林。cut down意为“砍伐”；break down意为“损坏”；grow up意为“成长”；fix up意为“修理”。
10．【解析】根据题意可知一棵新树要25年才能长大。it takes sometime for sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“花费时间做……”。
(三)植物的重要性和种类(2015，本溪)
Plants are very important living things.__1__ there are no plants，life can't go on.This is because plants can __2__ food from air，water and sunlight.But animals and man __3__ do that.Animals get their food __4__ eating plants and other animals.We grow so __5__ plants around us because animals and man need them in order to live.
If you look carefully at the plants around you，you will find there are two __6__ of plants：flowering plants and non-flowering plants.Flowering plants can make seeds (种子)．The seeds are __7__ by the fruits.Some fruits have one seed，some have two，three or four，and some have many seeds.But a few fruits have no seeds __8__．The banana fruit is an __9__ of them.
Most non-flowering plants don't grow from seeds.They grow from spores (孢子) which are very，very small.Some spores are so small and __10__ that they can fly in the air.We may say that spores are quite the same as the seeds.When these spores fall on wet and shady (阴暗的) places，they usually grow into new plants.
(B)1.A.Though B．If C．Until D．Unless
(C)2.A.spread B．cook C．make D．eat
(B)3.A.can B．can't
C．should D．shouldn't
(D)4.A.in B．with C．of D．by
(A)5.A.many B．much C．few D．little
(D)6.A.pieces B．pairs C．couples D．kinds
(A)7.A.protected B．saved C．treated D．tasted
(B)8.A.in total B．at all C．after all D．at least
(C)9.A.instruction B．invention
C．example D．excuse
(A)10.A.light B．heavy C．thick D．high
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了植物的重要性以及植物的种类。
1．【解析】根据上文important可知，如果没有植物的话，生命就不能延续。if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；though意为“尽管”；until意为“直到”；unless意为“除非”。
2．【解析】根据题意可知，植物之所以重要，是因为它生产出食物。make意为“制造”；spread意为“传播”；cook意为“烹调”；eat意为“吃”。
3．【解析】根据转折连词But可知，但是人和动物却不能像植物那样，can't意为“不能”。
4．【解析】根据题意，动物是通过吃植物或其他动物的方式得到自己的食物的，by表示方式，意为“通过”。
5．【解析】so many修饰可数名词复数，so much修饰不可数名词。few虽修饰可数名词，但表示否定之意。little修饰不可数名词，表否定。根据题意，我们种很多植物，是因为人和动物都需要它们，因此用many。
6．【解析】根据下文flowering plants and non-flowering plants可知这是将植物分成两类：开花植物和不开花植物。它们是两种不同类型的植物，因此kinds符合题意。
7．【解析】根据上文，开花植物会产生种子，这种情况下种子应该是在果实里面的，因此种子是被果实保护着。protect意为“保护”；save意为“拯救”；treat意为“对待”；taste意为“尝起来”。
8．【解析】根据上文所说，有些水果有一两颗种子，有些有很多种子，再由But转折可知，只有少数水果根本没有种子。否定词no或not与at all连用，表示“一点也不，根本不”。
9．【解析】香蕉就是没有种子的水果之一，就是其中一例。example意为“例子”；instruction意为“指令，说明”；invention意为“发明”；excuse意为“理由”。
10．【解析】根据下文fly可知这些孢子应该是很轻盈的，所以可以飞；light意为“轻的”；heavy意为“重的”；thick意为“厚的”；high意为“高的”。
(四)礼仪和风俗(2015，鞍山)
Manners are very important for our daily life.There are many different customs and habits __1__ different countries.We must find out and follow their customs.Here __2__ examples of the things that a person with good education should do.
If you visit a Chinese family，you should __3__ the door first.When the door opens，you will not move before the host says “Come in，please.” After you enter the room，you would not sit down __4__ the host asks you to take a seat.When a cup of tea is sent to your hand，you should say “__5__” and receive it with two hands.Before entering a house in Japan，it is good manners to __6__ your shoes.In England，a visitor always finishes the food to show that he has enjoyed it.The host will be __7__ with that.
You have to give your present in public in the Middle East.But __8__ good manners to give your present in private in Asia.
“Come any time” means “I want you __9__ me” in India.If you don't suggest a time at once，the Indians will think you are refusing the invitation.But if __10__ Englishman says “Come any time”，they will think you are impolite if you start fixing a date.
(A)1.A.among B．between C．during D．as
(C)2.A.be B．is C．are D．am
(B)3.A.knocking at B．knock at
C．knocked at D．to knock at
(D)4.A.when B．after C．while D．until
(A)5.A.Thank you B．You're welcome
C．I'm sorry D．That's all right
(B)6.A.take on B．take off
C．get on D．get off
(B)7.A.pleasure B．pleased
C．pleasing D．pleasant
(B)8.A.they're B．it's C．they D．it
(A)9.A.to visit B．visit C．visiting D．visited
(C)10.A.a B．some C．an D．many
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲了不同国家的不同礼仪和风俗习惯。
1．【解析】among意为“在……中(三者或三者以上)”；between意为“在(两者)之间”；during意为“在……期间”；as意为“作为；如同”。在不同国家之中，超过三者，用among。
2．【解析】examples是复数，因此系动词也用复数形式。
3．【解析】关键词是should，为情态动词，后接动词原形。
4．【解析】when意为“当……的时候”；after意为“在……之后”；while意为“与……同时；而”；until意为“直到……”。关键词是not，由此可知应用not...until...结构，意为“直到……才……”。
5．【解析】主人递给你一杯茶，根据情景可知你应该说“谢谢”并双手接过。
6．【解析】take on意为“承担；呈现”；take off意为“脱下”；get on意为“上车”；get off意为“下车”。根据题意可知，在日本，进屋子之前先脱鞋是有礼貌的。
7．【解析】be pleased with...意为“对……满意”。
8．【解析】It's＋形容词＋(for sb.) to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.。
9．【解析】关键词是want，want sb. to do sth.意为“想要某人做某事”。
10．【解析】关键词是Englishman，是可数名词单数，由此可排除some和many；Englishman第一个音素是元音，因此用an。
(五)四季美景(2015，辽阳)
Spring，summer，autumn and winter make a year.We clearly know __1__ season is important.If I __2__ which season is the most beautiful，I'd like to say all of them are beautiful.
Spring shows a wonderful picture with the blue sky and white clouds，green trees and clear __3__，shining sun and warm wind.Nature has woken up.Where is spring？It shines __4__ the eyes of children，it dances among people's gestures (姿态) and expressions.The sunshine is __5__ everything wake up.People will have a new beginning in spring __6__ is the best time to start the whole year's work.
Summer is __7__ active season.We can go boating and have fun in the water.What I like best in this season is the lotus (莲花)．Whenever I am __8__，it encourages me to try my best to make my dream come true.
I was born in autumn.It has seen my growth，happiness and sadness.Though the past months are sometimes bad，I own a new beginning.It __9__ love，hope and joy into my life.
I love winter because I have fun with friends playing in the snow，making a snowman，enjoying the white world with the song Edelweiss (雪绒花)．Winter is a season with hope.If winter comes，can __10__ be far behind？I love seasons.All seasons are great.
(A)1.A.each B．some C．either D．all
(C)2.A.ask B．am asking C．am asked D．asked
(B)3.A.air B．water C．earth D．sand
(A)4.A.in B．on C．under D．after
(D)5.A.keeping B．inviting
C．telling D．making
(A)6.A.which B．who C．where D．why
(C)7.A./ B．a C．an D．the
(B)8.A.happy B．sad
C．angry D．excited
(D)9.A.finishes B．tells C．waits D．brings
(A)10.A.spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter
【文章大意】本文介绍了一年四季的美丽景象，表达了作者对大自然的喜爱之情。
1．【解析】首先排除some和all，这两个词后接可数名词，需要用复数形式；either后面接名词单数形式，但表示两者中的任意一个，一年有四个季节，因此排除either；each后面接名词单数，表示每一个季节，没有范围限制，因此应选each。
2．【解析】根据本句中的后半句I'd like to say all of them are beautiful.可知，前半句题意为如果我被问到哪个季节最美丽，因此应选am asked。
3．【解析】这句话描述春天的景象blue sky，white clouds，green trees...，蓝天，白云，绿树……接下来是碧水，即clear water；clear air指“清新的空气”，和blue sky，white clouds语义重复；clear与earth，sand不搭配，因此排除。
4．【解析】在孩子的眼里，用介词in。
5．【解析】keep sb./sth. doing；invite sb./sth. to do；tell sb./sth. to do；make sb./sth. do.根据这几个动词的用法，可知D项正确。
6．【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词的选择，先行词是spring，因此应选which。
7．【解析】本题考查冠词的用法，season是可数名词单数，可用不定冠词修饰。另外，active第一个音素是元音，因此应选an。
8．【解析】根据下一名it encourages me to try my best to make my dream come true.可知，本句句意应为，无论何时我难过时，它鼓励我尽力实现我的梦想。因此应选sad。
9．【解析】根据句意，秋季给我的生命带来爱、希望和快乐。其他三个选项不符合句意。
10．【解析】这是选自雪莱的诗句“冬天已经来了，春天还会远吗？”，因此应选spring。
训练二 生活类
(一)英语角练习英语(2015，朝阳模拟)
There is an English corner in our school.Every afternoon，many of my classmates come to the corner.My teacher Miss Li comes here，__1__．At the corner，we all speak English.
The corner started last year.There were only __2__ students because many were afraid to speak English.After a few weeks，more and more students came here.At first，some students just __3__ to the other students.I was one of them.I was afraid to speak English.I thought someone would __4__ me，but I wanted to speak.I always spoke English in my heart.My teacher went on saying，“Don't be afraid.Open your mouth.” I tried and tried to open my mouth.At last，I said “Hello！” to the teacher.The teacher was very __5__．She said “Hello！” to me at once.From __6__ on，I began to speak English.I work hard at English and I try my best __7__ more.I learn __8__ my teacher and my classmates at the corner.Now I can speak a little English.Every Sunday afternoon.I come to the corner __9__．
It's a good __10__ to speak English.Please join us.
(C)1.A.also B．either C．too D．as well
(D)2.A.a lot of B．a little
C．a bit of D．a few
(C)3.A.talked B．spoke C．listened D．came
(B)4.A.help B．laugh at C．stop D．fit into
(A)5.A.happy B．interesting C．sad D．afraid
(B)6.A.now B．then C．today D．that
(A)7.A.to speak B．of talk C．saying D．telling
(D)8.A.to B．at C．for D．from
(C)9.A.late B．often C．early D．too
(D)10.A.room B．school C．home D．place
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在英语角练习英语的故事。
1．【解析】本题考查副词(短语)辨析。四个选项都表示“也”，但它们的用法不同。also一般用在行为动词之前，be动词之后；either一般用在否定句句尾；too一般用在肯定句句尾，其前常用逗号隔开；as well常用于肯定句句尾，但其前通常不用逗号隔开。空格前有逗号，且该句是肯定句，应用too。故选C。
2．【解析】本题考查短语辨析。a lot of意为“许多”，既可修饰不可数名词，也可修饰可数名词复数；a little意为“一些”，修饰不可数名词；a bit of意为“一点”，修饰不可数名词；a few意为“一些，几个”，修饰可数名词复数。句意为：因为许多学生害怕讲英语，所以英语角只有几个学生。故选D。
3．【解析】本题考查动词辨析。talk意为“谈论”；speak意为“讲”；listen意为“听”；come意为“来”。由上文“many were afraid to speak English”可知，最初，一些学生只是听其他学生说英语。故选C。
4．【解析】本题考查动词(短语)辨析。help意为“帮助”；laugh at意为“嘲笑”；stop意为“使停止”；fit into意为“(使)适合，与……融为一体”。由上文“I was afraid to speak English.”和下文“but I wanted to speak”可知，此处指“我”害怕说英语时别人会嘲笑“我”。故选B。
5．【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。happy意为“高兴的”；interesting意为“有趣的”；sad意为“伤心的”；afraid意为“害怕的”。由上文“My teacher went on saying，‘Don't be afraid.Open your mouth.’”可推知，听到“我”开口说英语，老师应该很高兴。故选A。
6．【解析】本题考查固定搭配。句意为：从那时起，我开始讲英语。from then on意为“从那时起”，符合文意。故选B。
7．【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：我努力学习英语，并尽最大努力多说英语。try one's best to do sth.意为“尽最大努力去做某事”，为固定搭配。故选A。
8．【解析】本题考查介词辨析。句意为：在英语角我向老师和同学们学习。learn from sb.意为“向某人学习”，为固定搭配。故选D。
9．【解析】本题考查副词辨析。late意为“迟地”；often意为“经常”；early意为“早地”；too意为“也”。由上文所描述的“我”在英语方面所取得的进步可推知，此处应指“我”爱上了说英语，每个星期天下午早早地就到了英语角。故选C。
10．【解析】本题考查名词辨析。room意为“房间”；school意为“学校”；home意为“家”；place意为“地方”。句中的“It”指代“English corner”，故该句句意为：它是一个讲英语的好地方。故选D。
(二)童话故事——飞蛾变成灰色的原因(2014，陕西)
When I was about six years old，my brother David and I visited our aunt，Mary.We stayed in her house for a night.David was only 4 years old，and was still __1__ of the dark，so Mary left the hall light on when we slept.
However，David __2__ the grey moths (蛾) flying around the hall light.He asked Mary to make the moths go away.When she asked __3__，he simply said，“Because they are ugly and scary.I don't like them.”Mary laughed and said，“Being ugly outside doesn't __4__ not being beautiful inside.In fact，moths are one of the most beautiful animals in the animal world.”
“Once，the angels (天使) were __5__．They were sad because it was raining heavily.The __6__ little moths hated to see others so sad.They decided to make a rainbow (彩虹) to cheer up the angels.They thought if the butterflies (蝴蝶) __7__，they could make a beautiful rainbow together.”
“Then one of the moths went to ask the butterflies for help.But the butterflies didn't want to __8__ any of their colors，so the moths decided to make a rainbow themselves.They beat their wings very hard and the colors on them made a rainbow.They kept giving a little more and a little more __9__ the rainbow went across the sky.They had given away all their colors except grey，which didn't match the beautiful rainbow.”
“Then the once-colorful moths became __10__．The angels saw the rainbow and smiled...”My brother went to sleep with that story and hasn't feared moths since then.
(A)1.A.afraid B．sure C．proud D．happy
(B)2.A.liked B．hated C．let D．killed
(D)3.A.how B．what C．when D．why
(A)4.A.mean B．make C．know D．hope
(C)5.A.laughing B．playing C．crying D．talking
(A)6.A.kind B．angry C．ugly D．sad
(C)7.A.refused B．advised C．helped D．left
(A)8.A.give up B．pick up C．turn up D．look up
(B)9.A.unless B．until C．after D．since
(D)10.A.red B．yellow C．green D．grey
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了飞蛾由多彩的昆虫变成了灰色的童话故事。
1．【解析】考查形容词辨析。afraid意为“害怕的”；sure意为“确定的”；proud意为“骄傲的”；happy意为“高兴的”。由上文中的“David was only 4 years old”和下文中的“so Mary left the hall light on when we slept”可知，David仍然害怕黑暗。故选A。
2．【解析】考查动词辨析。like意为“喜欢”；hate意为“讨厌，憎恨”；let意为“让”；kill意为“杀死”。由下文中的“He asked Mary to make the moths go away.”可知，David憎恨那些灰色的飞蛾绕着灯飞来飞去。故选B。
3．【解析】考查特殊疑问词辨析。由下文中的“Because they are ugly and scary.”可知，Mary是在询问把它们赶走的原因，应用why。故选D。
4．【解析】考查动词辨析。mean意为“意味着”；make意为“使，制造”；know意为“知道”；hope意为“希望”。此处指外表丑陋并不意味着内心不漂亮。故选A。
5．【解析】考查动词辨析。laugh意为“笑”；play意为“玩”；cry意为“哭”；talk意为“谈论”。由下文中的“They were sad because it was raining heavily.”可知，天使们在哭泣。故选C。
6．【解析】考查形容词辨析。kind意为“善良的，友善的”；angry意为“生气的”；ugly意为“丑陋的”；sad意为“悲伤的”。由下文“They decided to make a rainbow(彩虹) to cheer up the angels.”可知，灰色的飞蛾是心地善良的。故选A。
7．【解析】考查动词辨析。refuse意为“拒绝”；advise意为“建议”；help意为“帮助”；leave意为“离开”。由下文“one of the moths went to ask the butterflies for help”可知，此处表示“如果蝴蝶能帮忙的话”。故选C。
8．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。give up意为“放弃”；pick up意为“捡起”；turn up意为“调大”；look up意为“查阅字典，抬头看”。蝴蝶们不愿意帮忙，不想放弃它们漂亮的颜色。故选A。
9．【解析】考查连词辨析。unless意为“除非”；until意为“直到”；after意为“在……之后”；since意为“自从”。它们一点一点地努力直到彩虹横跨了整个天空。故选B。
10．【解析】考查形容词辨析。red意为“红色的”；yellow意为“黄色的”；green意为“绿色的”；grey意为“灰色的”。由上文的描述可知，多彩的飞蛾变成了灰色的飞蛾。故选D。
(三)交朋友的方法(2015，本溪模拟)
The Read family comes to a new big city，but Mrs.Read's son，Bob，is not happy.He doesn't have anyone to play with.“ Don't__1__！”says his mother，“You will soon make friends here.”
One morning，there is a __2__at the door.Bob's mother，Mrs.Read，opens it.There stands a woman with brown hair.It is Mrs.Miller.She comes to borrow some __3__．She wants to__4__cakes.Mrs.Read gives her two.In the afternoon，there is another knock at the door.Mrs.Read opens it and sees a boy__5__there.“My name is Jack Miller，”he says，“My mother sends you this cake and the two eggs.”“Well，thank you，Jack.”says Mrs.Read，“__6__and meet my son Bob.”
Look！Bob and Jack are having cake and milk.They are playing football.Now they are__7__！Jack says，“I'm glad you live next door.”Bob says，“I must thank your mother for coming to __8__eggs.”Jack laughs and tells Bob，“My mother doesn't want the two eggs，but she wants to make friends__9__your mother.”Bob says，“That's a funny way to make friends.It's a(n) __10__way，too.It can work！”
Only if you're willing to make friends can you always find some ways!
(A)1.A.worry B．frighten
C．excite D．interest
(C)2.A.shout B．cry C．knock D．bark
(D)3.A.cakes B．desks C．milk D．eggs
(D)4.A.cook B．pay C．ask D．make
(C)5.A.lifting B．sitting C．standing D．lying
(A)6.A.Come in B．Go away
C．Get out D．Turn around
(C)7.A.classmates B．enemies
C．friends D．brothers
(B)8.A.lend B．borrow C．give D．take
(D)9.A.into B．to C．after D．with
(A)10.A.easy B．difficult C．foolish D．bad
(四)展示实验——放下负担(2015，河北)
A teacher was giving a talk to his students on stress (压力) management.He raised a glass of water and asked them，“How __1__ do you think this glass of water is？”
The students began to think and __2__．Their answers are different，from 20g to 500g.
“It does not matter on the real __3__．It depends on how long you hold it.If I hold it for a __4__，it is OK.If I hold it for an hour，I will have an ache in my right arm.If I hold it for a day，you will have to call a __5__．It is the exact same weight，but the longer I hold it，the heavier it becomes.What we have to do is to put the glass down，__6__ for a while before holding it up again.”
“If we carry our burdens (负担) __7__ sooner or later，we will not be able to carry on.The burden will become increasingly heavier.We have to __8__ the burden every now and then，so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.”
So __9__ you return home from work tonight，put the burden of work down.Don't carry it back home.You can pick it up tomorrow.
Whatever burdens you have，let them down for a moment if you can.And learn to __10__ ourselves.
Life is short but amazing.Enjoy it!
(A)1.A.heavy B．full C．much D．long
(C)2.A.read B．watch C．guess D．listen
(B)3.A.glass B．weight C．water D．height
(A)4.A.minute B．night C．day D．week
(C)5.A.mother B．teacher C．doctor D．friend
(A)6.A.rest B．shake C．look D．work
(D)7.A.this time B．some other time
C．next time D．all the time
(B)8.A.give up B．put down
C．pick up D．think about
(C)9.A.after B．since C．before D．until
(D)10.A.save B．help C．care D．relax
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过叙述老师给学生展示的实验，说明了在生活中，我们要学会放下负担的道理。
1．【解析】考查形容词辨析。heavy意为“重的”；full意为“满的”；much意为“多的”；long意为“长的”。由下文“from 20g to 500g”可知，此处询问的是这杯水有多重。故选A。
2．【解析】考查动词辨析。read意为“读”；watch意为“观看”；guess意为“猜测”；listen意为“听”。由下文“Their answer are different”可知，学生并不知道水的重量，他们只是在猜测。故选C。
3．【解析】考查名词辨析。glass意为“玻璃杯”；weight意为“重量”；water意为“水”；height意为“高度”。由下文“It depends on how long you hold it.”可知，这杯水到底有多重并不重要。故选B。
4．【解析】考查名词辨析。minute意为“分钟”；night意为“晚上”；day意为“白天”；week意为“星期”由下文“If I hold it for an hour...If I hold it for a day”可知，此处指如果将这杯水举一分钟，没有问题。故选A。
5．【解析】考查名词辨析。mother意为“母亲”；teacher意为“老师”；doctor意为“医生”；friend意为“朋友”。由上文和常识可知，如果将一杯水举一天，就需要叫医生了。故选C。
6．【解析】考查动词辨析。rest意为“休息”；shake意为“摇动”；look意为“看”；work意为“工作”。句意为：我们必须要做的是放下杯子，休息一会儿后再把它举起来。故选A。
7．【解析】考查时间副词短语辨析。句意为：如果我们一直承受负担，我们迟早会扛不住的。all the time意为“总是，一直”，符合文意。故选D。
8．【解析】考查动词短语辨析。give up意为“放弃”；put down意为“放下”；pick up意为“捡起”；think about意为“思考”由上文“What we have to do is to put the glass down”可知，负担越来越重时，我们必须偶尔卸下负担。故选B。
9．【解析】考查连词辨析。由下文“Don't carry it back home.”可知，在今晚下班回家之前，放下工作上的负担。before意为“在……之前”，符合文意。故选C。
10．【解析】考查动词辨析。save意为“节省”；help意为“帮助”；care意为“照看”；relax意为“放松”。由下文“Life is short but amazing.Enjoy it！”可知，生活很美好，但也很短暂，我们应学会放下负担，学会放松自己。故选D。
(五)倡议保护环境(2015，广州)
Ian Kierman was born in Sydney，Australia，and grew up near the sea.For more than 40 years，he raced in international sailing competitions.
In 1987，Kierman was competing in an around-the-world race when he began to __1__ the huge amount of rubbish in the world's oceans.When he returned to Australia，he __2__ to do something about it.
He organized a community __3__ called “Clean Up Sydney Harbour.” On Sunday，January 8，1989, more than 40，000 volunteers came out to __4__ away rubbish.The next year，Kierman made the clean-up a national event.It was a huge __5__．Across Australia，about 300，000 people spent the day improving their local __6__．
Since then，“Clean Up Australia” has got __7__ every year.In 2002，for example，800，000 people cleaned up almost 15，000 tons of rubbish from Australia's beaches，parks and streets.
Kierman was __8__ with the success of his project.In 2003，he started an even bigger program.With the __9__ of the United Nations Environment Program，he introduced “Clean Up the World”，an international program that supports communities around the world in cleaning up and protecting the environment.“Clean Up the World” has grown __10__ and his wonderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world.
(C)1.A.save B．collect C．notice D．produce
(B)2.A.refused B．decided C．pretended D．stopped
(D)3.A.law B．party C．company D．event
(A)4.A.clear B．send C．turn D．give
(B)5.A.problem B．success C．surprise D．failure
(D)6.A.culture B．project
C．government D．environment
(C)7.A.older B．smaller C．bigger D．faster
(A)8.A.happy B．angry
C．disappointed D．concerned
(B)9.A.need B．help C．hope D．action
(C)10.A.loudly B．gently C．rapidly D．busily
【文章大意】澳大利亚人Ian Kierman在一次国际帆船比赛中发现海洋上有大量垃圾，于是他发起倡议，与志愿者们义务清理垃圾，保持环境。这项事业从国内做到国际，越做越大。
1．【解析】考查动词辨析。A项意为“拯救”；B项间为“收集”；C项意为“注意到”；D项意为“生产”。根据语境可知，此处指在比赛中注意到了垃圾。因此A、B、D三项意思不符合语境。故选C。
2．【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：当他回到澳大利亚的时候，他决定要对那些海上垃圾做些什么。decide意为“决定，打算”，符合语境。故选B。
3．【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文“...made the clean-up a national event.”可知，这是一个活动。故选D。
4．【解析】考查动词辨析。clear away意为“清理走”；send away意为“开除，撵走”；turn away意为“拒绝接受”；give away意为“捐赠”。根据语境可知，此处指清理走垃圾。故选A。
5．【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文“about 300，000 people spent the day improving”可知，这项活动是一个巨大的成功。故选B。
6．【解析】考查名词辨析。清理垃圾是改善环境的行为，environment符合语境。此处从下文“protecting the environment”也可指提示。故选D。
7．【解析】考查形容词辨析。由下文参与清理垃圾的人数不断增加和清理的垃圾的数量也非常庞大，以及“an even bigger program”可知，此项活动不断壮大。故选C。
8．【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，事情做成功了，应该高兴。故选A。
9．【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为：在联合国环境项目的帮助下，他……with the help of意为“在……的帮助下”，符合语境。故选B。
10．【解析】考查副词辨析。根据下文“他的想法现在已从一个城市扩散到整个世界”可知，清理世界的活动发展得很迅速。rapidly意为“迅速地”，符合语境。故选C。
