课件14张PPT。第32讲 主谓一致辽宁中考在主谓一致方面主要考查主语与谓语动词的一致性、there be句型的主谓一致及时态。由一些固定词连接主语的句子中的主谓一致原则,如with,as well as,both...and,either...or...等,考生尤其要注意。
there be句型(2015年共考查2次,2013年共考查2次)高频考向一 语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词,或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
②不定代词either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。③由each,each...and each...,every...and every...,every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
④主语后有with,along with,together with,as well as,no less than,more than,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如:
Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
⑤“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。⑥“a lot of (lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。
⑦由“a pair(a kind,a series...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15双鞋。
⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主语时,谓词动词用复数形式。如:
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。【例1】 We make it a rule that each of us ________ the bedroom one day a week.
A.has cleaned B.have cleaned
C.cleans D.clean
【解析】 “each of us”强调个体,故用第三人称单数; “one day a week”则表明频度,应用一般现在时。
答案:____
【例2】 ________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper?(2015,铁岭二模)
A.Is;glass B.Are;glass
C.Is;glasses D.Are;glasses
【解析】a pair of后应接复数名词,其作主语时,谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案:____CC【例3】 The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them ________ about science.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【解析】由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时;短语a number of作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。
答案:____C高频考向二 意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组或一个从句作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。③集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
④people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中,表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如:
What is/are three times three?3乘以3是多少?【例4】 —How much ________ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ________ enough.
A.is;is B.is;are C.are;is D.are;are
【解析】the pair of shoes的中心词是pair,则谓语动词用单数;把twenty dollars看成整体,则谓语动词也用单数。
答案:____A高频考向三 就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近原则,又叫做邻近原则。
①由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。
②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例5】 There ________ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.(2015,营口预测)
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【解析】people是复数名词,则there be句型中谓语动词用复数,排除A和B;下文got为过去式,故主句也要用过去时。
答案:____
【例6】 ________ Lily ________ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.
A.Not only;but also B.Neither;nor
C.Both;and D.Either;or
【解析】根据主谓一致原则可排除C项;由下半句句意“他们中的一个必须待在家里”,可知“或者(要么)露西或者(要么)莉莉与你一起去”。
答案:____DD【例7】 There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now,but now there ________ nothing on it.
A.have;has B.were;has
C.were;is D.has ;has
【解析】本题考查there be句型。第一空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数,just now表明是过去时;第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数,now表明一般现在时。
答案:____C考点跟踪突破32 主谓一致
1.Everybody except Mike and Linda __C__ there when the meeting began.(2015,泰安)
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:会议开始时,除了迈克和琳达,每个人都到了。主语中含有except时,谓语动词的数要与except之前的名词或代词的数保持一致,此句中except之前的主语为everybody,谓语动词应用单数形式,排除B、D两项。此句含when引导的时间状语从句,根据从句中的关键词began判断空格处应用一般过去时态,排除A项。故选C。
2.At present,the price of the houses in Urumqi __D__ than before.I can afford ________ a large one.(2015,乌鲁木齐)
A.are cheaper;to buy B.is cheaper;buy
C.are lower;buy D.is lower;to buy
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。由第一句中的主语the price of(……的价格)可知谓语动词用单数,排除A、C两项。在英语中,价格用“高(high)”或“低(low)”来修饰,而不用“贵(expensive)”或“便宜(cheap)”;afford后面可跟动词不定式,afford to buy...意为“买得起……”,故选D。
3.There __B__ some beef in the fridge.Let's make some beef noodles.(2015,长春)
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。空格所在句是there be句型,主语beef(牛肉)是不可数名词,所以be动词用is。故选B。
4.—__B__ there any living things on other planets?
—I have no idea.Maybe we can know more about that in the future.(2015,广东)
A.Is B.Are C.Has D.Have
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。结合选项并分析句子结构可知此处应为there be结构,故排除C、D两项。在there be结构中,be的形式要与紧随其后的主语保持一致,things是复数形式,故用are。
5.A number of tourists __A__ Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.(2015,鞍山模拟)
A.have been to B.has been to
C.has gone to D.have gone to
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。“a number of+可数名词复数”作主语表示“大量的……”,谓语要用复数。have been to表示“去过某地(人已经回来了)”;have gone to表示“去了某地(人还没有回来)”,而根据句中many times“许多次”可知要用have been to。
6.The students __A__ how to do the experiment in class yesterday.
A.were taught B.taught
C.was taught D.teach
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:在昨天的课上,学生们被教怎样做实验。学生是被教,所以用被动语态,而主语是复数形式,所以谓语动词要和它保持一致,故选A。
7.Politics __A__ an easy subject to learn in school.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:政治在学校是一门很容易学的科目。Polities在此作为一门学科,谓语动词应用单数形式is,故选A。
8.I am free these days.Either today or tomorrow __C__ OK for me.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。either...or...连接主语时,符合临近一致的原则。名词tomorrow作主语,谓语动词用单数,陈述一般事实用一般现在时,故选C。
9.The police in our town __B__ the thief these days.He has stolen much money in our neighborhood.
A.is looking for B.are looking for
C.looked for D.look for
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。the police是集体名词,此处强调整体中的成员,故谓语动词用复数。
10.—Leo,what you said __A__ really very important to me.Thanks!
—Oh,I'm glad it helps.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。上句句意:里奥,你所说的话对我真的很有用。谢谢!从句作主语,谓语动词用单数,答语用一般现在时,故选A。
11.A million dollars __D__ a lot to each of us.
A.mean B.meant C.meaning D.means
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:100美元对于我们每个人都意义重大。此处“a million dollars”为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式。
12.Climbing hills __C__ of great help to our health.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:爬山有益于我们的健康。动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
13.I think __C__ of the materials you gave me yesterday ________ easy.(2015,锦州模拟)
A.three fourths;is B.third four;are
C.three fourths;are D.three fourth;are
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:我觉得你昨天给我的材料的3/4都是容易的。3/4的表达为there fourths;materials是句子的主语,后面是定语从句,谓语动词用复数。
14.Not Tim but his little brother __B__ playing volleyball.Tim likes football.(2015,阜新模拟)
A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoyed D.enjoying
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:不是蒂姆而是他的弟弟喜爱打排球。蒂姆喜欢足球。not...but...“不是……而是……”连接主语时,符合就近一致的原则。
15.Some of my classmates __C__ from other cities.
A.comes B.is C.are D.were
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。some of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,且述说的一般情况用一般现在时,故选C。
16.This is my cousin Bill.Both he and I __C__ good at telling jokes.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:我和他都擅长讲笑话。both...and...连接主语时,谓语动词用复数。
17.Everything __A__ ready for the coming art festival.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。复合不定代词充当主语时,谓语动词用单数,be ready for...“为……做准备”。描述现在的状态用一般现在时。
18.In our class,the number of girl students __A__ larger than that of boy students.
A.is B.are C.be D.been
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。the number of+可数名词复数意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故选A。
19.One of my friends __A__ been abroad for two years.I miss her so much.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:我的一个朋友已经出国两年了,我很想念她。后一句是前一句的影响和后果,因此用现在完成时;one of“……之一”,谓语动词用单数。
20.Each of the family members __B__ playing chess.
A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoyed D.enjoying
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。“each of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故答案为B。
21.Tom,as well as his brother,__B__ his homework carefully every day.
A.do B.does C.did D.done
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。Tom是句子的主语,every day表明句子用一般现在时,故选B。
22.—Do you like your new T-shirt?
—Yes.Not only I but also my mother __A__ it.
A.likes B.like C.liked D.doesn't like
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。not only...but also...连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词的选择符合临近原则。“my mother”离谓语动词较近,且由“Yes.”可知是表肯定含义,故用“likes”。
23.__B__ of the students in our class ________ interested in music.
A.Four fifths;is B.Four fifths;are
C.Four fifth;are D.Four fifth;is
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:我们班有五分之四的学生对音乐感兴趣。英语中的分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母要用复数,首先排除C和D;“分数+of+名词”作主语时,其谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致,因此答案为B。
24.Neither Kate nor her cousins __A__ to America,but ________ of them have known the country very well.
A.have been;all B.have gone;both
C.has been;all D.has gone;both
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。neither...nor...结构的谓语动词要与nor后面的主语一致,her cousins是复数,所以排除选项C;凯特和她的表兄弟们不只是两人,所以用all。故选A。
25.__C__ that pair of ________ a little cheaper?
A.Is;glass B.Are;glass
C.Is;glasses D.Are;glasses
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。表示“眼镜”使用glasses,排除A、B;that pair of作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式,故选C。