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新人教版必修第一册 Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 1. prep.即使;尽管 2. n.&vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 3. n. 态度;看法 4. n. 方式;方法;途径 5. n. 文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 6. n. 公共事务;事件;关系 7. adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人 8. n. 因素;要素 9. n. 间隔;开口;差距 10. adj. 传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n. 经典作品;名著 11. n. 地方话;方言 12. n. 词汇 13. n. 舌头;语言 14. n. 十亿 15. n. 书法;书法艺术 16.bone n. 17.carve vt.&vi. 18.shell n. 19.dynasty n. 20.apartment n. 21.semester n. 22.gas n. 23.petrol n. 24.subway n. 25.pants n.(pl.)
词 汇 拓 展 1.refer vi. 提到;参考;查阅 vt. 查询;叫……;求助于→ n. 参考→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.base vt. 以……为据点;以……为基础 n. 底部;根据→ adj. 以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→ adj. 基本的;基础的→ adv.根本上;基本上 3.demand n. 要求;需求 vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi. 查问→ adj. 要求高的;苛求的 4. n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→vary vi. 不同;变化→ adj. 不同的;各种各样的→varied adj. 多变的 5.appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi. 增值→ n. 欣赏;感激;领会;重视 6.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的;同样的→ adv. 相同地;同样地→ n. 平等 7.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待→ prep. 关于 8.beg vt.恳求;祈求;哀求→ n.乞丐 9. adj. 全球的;全世界的→ adv.全球地;全世界地→globe n.全球;球状物;地球仪 10.specific adj. 特定的;明确的;具体的→ adv. 特定地;明确地;具体地 11. n. 描写(文字);形容→describe vt. 描述;描写 12.relate vt. 联系;讲述→ adj. 相关的;有联系的→ n. 关系;联系 13.system n.体系;制度;系统→ adj. 系统的→ adv.系统地 14.major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究→ n. 多数;大多数 15.symbol n. 符号;象征→ adj. 象征的;象征性的→symbolise vt. 象征;是……的象征
重 点 短 语 1．__________________指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2．__________________浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．__________________追溯到 4．__________________不论……；不管…… 5．__________________观点；看法 6．__________________与……相关；涉及；谈到
重 点 句 型 1．____________________________________，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。 2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as __________________ people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。 3．Even today，__________________Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 4．I used to get high marks in English，but now I’m__________________a lot of __________________ my listening. 过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。 5．I also repeat__________________ to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. 为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。
课文语法填空
China is 51 (wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 52 (factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 53 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 54 (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 55 (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 56 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with 57 (it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 58 (write) by Chinese in ancient times.
As China plays a greater role in 59 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 60 appreciate China’s culture and history.
知识点
1.based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
[教材原句] At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.(P62) 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
【词块必记】
(1)base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础;依据……
at the base of在……底部
(2)basic adj.基本的;基础的
basis n.基础;基本原则
on the basis of在……基础上;基于……
on a regular basis 定期
[近义] bottom, foundation
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please do remember that success is based ______ hard work.
(2)The study ______(base) on data from 2,100 college students.
(3)Contact with other people is a ______ (base) human need.
(4) ______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.
(5)You’ll be able to choose a room ______ (base) on your own personal tastes.
(6)Contact with other people is a _______(base) human need.
(7)It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular ________(base).
(8)The study __________(base) on data from 2,100 college students.
[写美句]——句式升级
(9)The film was based on a true story and it was deeply touching.
→____________________，the film was deeply touching. (分词短语作状语)
→The film ___________________ was deeply touching.(分词短语作定语)
[佳句] Based on my own experience, learning English online is really a great way for English learners. [2020·5月天津卷，书面表达]
根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。
2.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62) 多年以来,这种书写体发展成不同的形式,因为在那段时间,由于人们在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
【词块必记】
(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
(2)various adj．不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.&.vi．改变；变化
vary from... to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary in... 在……方面丰富多样
vary with... 随着……的变化而变化
[名师点津]
a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰复数可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①One of the advantages is that we can find _________ (variety) topics，such as science，culture and history.
②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ______ (various) from 10 to 15.
③There are ___________(variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
④One of the advantages is that we can find various(variety) topics,such as science,culture and history.
⑤The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages vary (various) from 10 to 15.
⑥There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
句式升级
⑦Our school has built a new stadium and it has all kinds of well-equipped facilities．
→Our school has built a new stadium, _____________________ well-equipped facilities.(定语从句)
3.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 vt. 相同的;同样的
[教材原句] ...our relationship is close and we’re equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(P66)……我们的关系很亲密,并且我们是平等的,因此我只需说几个字,就能消除我们之间的距离。
【词块必记】
(1)the equal of与……相等/匹敌
be without equal=have no equal无与伦比
(2)equal sb/sth in(doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任(做)某事
be equal in sth在某方面平等/相同
(4)unequal adj.不相等的;不平等的
equality n.平等;相等
equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地
[联想] 表示“胜任……”的其他表达：
①be up to；②be fit for；③be qualified for
近义词：rival（竞争对手，可与之匹敌者）, opponent (对手，竞争者）， match（可与之匹敌者）
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)China has always insisted that all countries,big or small,should be _______ (equality).
(2)Men and women must be treated _______ (equal) in education and employment.
(3)Any man will be equal_______ the task;so long as he is careful,you should give him a try.
(4)We need to be active in all kinds of sports，and pay attention to mental health which is equal ___________ physical health.
(5)[2021·天津卷3月]Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is________(equal) interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.
(6)No one equals him ____ courage, about which every one knows.
[写美]——应用文之申请信
(7）[全国Ⅰ卷，书面表达]我确信我能胜任做这次中国绘画展的志愿者。
I am convinced that I ____________being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.
(8)我们要积极参加各种体育运动,注重心理健康,它与身体健康同等重要。
We need to be active in all kinds of sports,and pay attention to mental health ________________.
4.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
[教材原句]As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(P62)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【语境巧练】
写出下列句中appreciate的含义
①The happiest are not those who own all the best things ,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life．______
②I appreciate the difficulty you are faced with but I don’t think I can help you．______
③I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for me．______
【词块必记】
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激
appreciate＋that/wh-从句 理解/意识到……
(3)express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情
注意：appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词－ing形式作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词(组)后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate ____ if could give me a bit of good advice.
②Chinese calligraphy has won the ______________(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China.
③I appreciate ____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
[写美句]——应用文之感谢信
我写信是为了表达一下我对你的感激之情，感谢你在我心情低沉的时候给我鼓励和安慰。
④_______________________________ for encouraging and comforting me when I was in depression.
[佳句] ⑤I'd appreciate your replying to my letter at your earliest convenience.
＝_____________________you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience. [2020·全国Ⅲ卷，书面表达]
如果方便时你能尽快回复我的信件，我将感激不尽。
5.demand n. 要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
[教材原句] But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question,not a demand.(P66) 但是,如果我和一个不是很亲近的人交谈,我必须把我的请求说的时间长一些——我必须确保这是请求,而不是一个要求。
【词块必记】
(1)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand of sb to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要某物
demand that.../it is demanded that...(should)+动词原形 要求……
(2)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy/serve one’s demands (for sth) 满足某人(对……)的需求
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;费力的
[名师点津]
(1)demand的主语是物时,常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。
(2)“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb to do...,但可用demand of sb to do...。
(3)demand后通常不接双宾语。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Like running, race walking is physically __________ (demand), she says.
②First, science graduates are ____ greater demand than arts ones in China.
③Yesterday evening，the couple came to my house and demanded help ________ me.
[写美句]——应用文之新闻报道
④ [2020·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达]因为摘苹果需要爬树，所以农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
Because picking apples involved climbing trees, the farmers demanded that we___________________________．
[背诵佳句] Because it was a demanding task，the manager demanded that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers' demands.
因为这是一项要求比较高的任务，所以经理要求我们加班来满足顾客们的需求。
6.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待
[教材原句] The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(P62) 对汉字书写体系的高度重视在汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展过程中可以看出来,这种被称为中国书法的艺术形式已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
【词块必记】
(1)the (high)regard for...对……(高度)尊重
in this/that regard在这/那点上
in/with regard to...关于某人(某事),在这点上
give one’s regards (to sb)代某人(向某人)问好
as regards关于;至于(后接名词或从句作宾语)
(2)regard with以(某种心态)来看(某人或某事)
regard...as...把……看作……
(3)regardless of 不管；不顾
(4)regarding prep.关于,至于,就……而论
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please give my best ________(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner.
(2)With regard ________ my favourite Chinese poet,I’d like to introduce Du Fu to you.
(3)The Spring Festival ________(regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.
(4)The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,regardless ______ time and space.
[小话题写作]
(5)如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被看作是最好的全能运动形式之一。
Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, _________ one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
7.refer to指的是；提及；查阅；参考
[教材原句] Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(P60) 代词(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。
【语境巧练】
[写出下列句中refer to的含义]
(1)Although she didn’t mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring to.指的是
(2)You can refer to online articles to complete your education.参考
(3)Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know the word.查阅
(4)We agreed never to refer to the matter again.提到
【词块必记】
(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考；参考书目
reference books/material 参考书/参考资料
in/with reference to 关于
[指津] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为referred, referred, referring。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(5)People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”.
(6)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer).
(7)As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter to the editor.
(8)[写美句]（2020全国Ⅰ作文话题）几十年来，人们一直常常用“雷锋”来指称有奉献精神的人。
For decades,“Lei Feng”has been the typical way of ___________________________.
[佳句背诵]
The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
课本和词典可以用作参考书籍,然而杂志只能当作阅读材料。
8.date back (to)追溯到……;始于……
[教材原句] It dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(P62) 它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用时期——古代中国人民将符号刻到动物的骨头和壳上。
【词块必记】
(1) date from 追溯到；始于；起源于
(2) out of date 过时的
up to date (with...) 赶上(……的)潮流
(3)set a date for... 确定……的日期
make a date with sb. 与某人约会/预约
[佳句] The needle treatment that dates back to/dating back to ancient times has cured many diseases.产生于古代的针灸已经治愈了很多疾病。
[指津] (1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。
(2)date back to和date from作后置定语时， 常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①The Dragon Boat Festival, which ________ (date) back to the Warring States Periods, is one of the four most important festivals in China.
②Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up _____ date with modern technology.
[写美句]——句式升级
③Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometers away from Shaoguan, right at river bank of Caojiang and it dates back to 1500 years ago.
____________________________,Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometres away from Shaoguan , right at the river bank of Canjiang.(分词做作状语）
[佳句背诵]
中国饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1 000多年前。
Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1,000 years ago.
9.relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
[教材原句] Does each sentence relate to the main idea (P67) 每句话都与主旨有关吗
【词块必记】
(1)relate...to...把……和……联系起来
be related to...和……有关/有联系
relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
relate sth to sb向某人讲述某事
(2)related adj.相关的;有联系的
relation n.(relations)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系;[U,C]关联
in/with relation to...与……有关;涉及
relationship n.关系;联系
relative adj.比较的;相对的 n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地;相当地
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)All the papers that relate _______ this subject are written by him.
(2)The Dutch language is closely _______ (relate) to German.
(3)It is difficult _______ (relate) these results with/to any known cases.
(4)We seek to improve _______ (relate) between our two countries.
[完成句子]
(5)它向我们传递一个信息:整体是由很多紧密相关的小的部分组成的。
It conveys a message to us: A whole is made up of many small parts_______________.
10..句型公式：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)……越……，(……)越……
(教材原句)It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就会越发达。
【考点必记】
(1)the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2)the more...，the less... 越……，越不……
the more...，the better... ……越多，……就越好
(3)形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级 越来越……
[佳句] It was our teacher who reminded us that the more confident we were，the more likely we were to succeed.是我们的老师提醒我们：我们越自信，就越有可能成功。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The more you know about our traditional culture,the more (much) you are interested in it.
(2)The more careful you are,the fewer (few) mistakes you will make.
(3)The harder (hard) you work,the greater progress you will make.
(4）The more difficult the question is ，the _________(likely) he is able to answer it.
(5)The higher you climb，the ________(far) you will see.
[小话题写作]
(6)我个人认为,教育就是学习,你学得越多,你为生活准备得就越多。
As far as I am concerned,education is about learning and the more you learn,the more you equip for your life.
[写美句]——应用文佳句
（7）[北京卷，书面表达]你对我们的传统文化的了解越多，你就对它越
感兴趣。
The more you know about our traditional culture，_______________________ it.
11.句型：no matter where... “无论在哪里……”引导让步状语从句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(教材P62)
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【考点必记】
(1)no matter where,who,what,etc.意为“不论……;不管……”。
(2)“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
①“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
②whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
③whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里,我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。
By setting up a family blog,we can conveniently share our experiences _____________________.
(2)无论何时我犯了错误,您总是耐心地指出来,并帮助我改正它。
__________________ I made a mistake,you were always patient to point it out and helped me correct it.
(3)贝蒂的主要优势是无论情况多么紧急她都能保持冷静。
Betty’s main strength is her ability to keep calm no matter____________________.
(4)我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
We promise ____________________ has a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
[句式升级]
(5)A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is.
→A determined person always tries to finish the job,____________________.
[佳句背诵]
Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,制作最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节中获奖。
语法点
Grammar 定语从句(Ⅱ)
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或“介词＋which”。
1．指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
2．在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。
3．起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
1．when引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。
I still remember the time when_(＝in_which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
I have forgotten the exact date when_(＝on_which) this country became independent.
我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。
2．where引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
This is the hotel where_(＝in_which) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。
3．why引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
(2)why可以用for which来代替。
This is the reason why_(＝for_which) he left in a hurry.
这是他匆匆离去的原因。
1．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student for_whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by_which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。
They live in a house, of_which the windows are made of glass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。
2．介词的选择
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Is this the car for_which you paid a high price 这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay ... for sth.)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to_whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)
(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He brought the result with_which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
Do you still remember the day on_which we met for the first time 你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？(on the day)
I can't remember the age at_which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age)
(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。
This is the pilot with_whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by_whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词
根据先行词在从句中所作的成分 把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词
This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)
This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)
Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago 这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少宾语)
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held 这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少地点状语)
单句语法填空。（关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词）
1. We have entered into an age ____________________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2. Is it very difficult for a child to come into the classroom ________________ he could feel confident
3. This smart keyboard precisely (精确地) measures the cadence (节奏) ____________________ one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
4. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, ____________________ he soon found himself.
5. It’s good to know there’s still someone out there ____________________ we can find so much glory.
6. We don’t exactly know the time ____________________ Granma was put forward.
7. First, I wanted to be a fireman of Harvard University, ____________________ the uniform looked so cool.
8. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, ____________________ additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
9. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of the reason ____________________ the same people keep coming back for more.
10. Creating an atmosphere ____________________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
11. Do you still remember the day ____________________ we came to the city
12. I don’t know the reason he failed to attend the party.
13. This is the house ____________________ his brother was born ten years ago.
14. Have you met the professor ____________________ our teacher referred
15. This is the farm ____________________ my father grows fruit.
16. This is our English teacher ____________________ we have learn a lot.
17. I’ll remember the day ____________________ I was admitted to the university forever.
18. I’ll never forget the day ____________________ I spent with my cousins in the mountains.
19. They are cleaning the windows, some of ____________________ are very dirty.
20. The reason ____________________ he explained at the meeting was not reasonable.
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新人教版必修第一册 Unit 5知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.despite prep.即使;尽管 2.struggle n.&vi. 斗争;奋斗;搏斗 3.attitude n. 态度;看法 4.means n. 方式;方法;途径 5.character n. 文字;符号;角色;品质;特点 6.affair n. 公共事务;事件;关系 7.native adj. 出生地的;本地的;土著的 n.本地人 8.factor n. 因素;要素 9.gap n. 间隔;开口;差距 10.classic adj. 传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n. 经典作品;名著 11.dialect n. 地方话;方言 12.vocabulary n. 词汇 13.tongue n. 舌头;语言 14.billion n. 十亿 15.calligraphy n. 书法;书法艺术 16.bone n. 骨头;骨(质) 17.carve vt.&vi. 雕刻 18.shell n. 壳;壳状物 19.dynasty n. 王朝;朝代 20.apartment n. 公寓套房 21.semester n. 学期 22.gas n. 汽油;气体;燃气 23.petrol n. 汽油 24.subway n. 地铁 25.pants n.(pl.) 内裤;短裤;裤子
词 汇 拓 展 1.refer vi. 提到;参考;查阅 vt. 查询;叫……;求助于→reference n. 参考→referred/referred/referring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 2.base vt. 以……为据点;以……为基础 n. 底部;根据→based adj. 以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→basic adj. 基本的;基础的→basically adv.根本上;基本上 3.demand n. 要求;需求 vt. 强烈要求;需要 vi. 查问→demanding adj. 要求高的;苛求的 4.variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化→vary vi. 不同;变化→various adj. 不同的;各种各样的→varied adj. 多变的 5.appreciate vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏;感激;领会;重视 6.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 adj. 相同的;同样的→equally adv. 相同地;同样地→equality n. 平等 7.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待→regarding prep. 关于 8.beg vt.恳求;祈求;哀求→beggar n.乞丐 9.global adj. 全球的;全世界的→globally adv.全球地;全世界地→globe n.全球;球状物;地球仪 10.specific adj. 特定的;明确的;具体的→specifically adv. 特定地;明确地;具体地 11.description n. 描写(文字);形容→describe vt. 描述;描写 12.relate vt. 联系;讲述→related adj. 相关的;有联系的→relation n. 关系;联系 13.system n.体系;制度;系统→systematic adj. 系统的→systematically adv.系统地 14.major adj. 主要的;重要的;大的 n. 主修课程;主修学生 vi. 主修;专门研究→majority n. 多数;大多数 15.symbol n. 符号;象征→symbolic adj. 象征的;象征性的→symbolise vt. 象征;是……的象征
重 点 短 语 1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅 2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．date back (to...)追溯到 4．no matter where，who，what，etc.不论……；不管…… 5．point of view观点；看法 6．relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
重 点 句 型 1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。 2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。 3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 4．I used to get high marks in English，but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. 过去我英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。 5．I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. 为了帮助自己体会语言的情感，我也重复自己听到的内容。
课文语法填空
China is 51 (wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 52 (factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.
Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 53 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 54 (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 55 (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.
Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 56 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with 57 (it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 58 (write) by Chinese in ancient times.
As China plays a greater role in 59 (globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 60 appreciate China’s culture and history.
【答案】
51．widely 52．factors 53．on 54．had become 55．leading 56．an 57．its 58．written 59．global 60．and
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国书写系统的发展历史。
51．考查副词。句意：中国以其一直延续至今的古老文明而广为人知。空处修饰形容词known，应用副词形式作状语，widely是副词，表示“广泛地”，符合题意。故填widely。
52．考查名词。句意：其中一个主要因素是中国的书写体系。“one of+复数可数名词”为固定搭配，表示“……之一”，所以空处应用名词的复数形式factors。故填factors。
53．考查介词。句意：几千年前，中国文字是以绘画为基础的。be based on为固定短语，表示“以……为基础”，所以空处应用介词on。故填on。
54．考查时态。句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一个发达的书写体系。根据时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可知，此处指在过去某一时间之前完成的动作，句子应用过去完成时，即had become。故填had become。
55．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，由于人们生活在不同的地方，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，导致了许多不同的方言和文字。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，系统发展成不同的形式，自然而然的结果是导致许多不同的方言和文字，所以空处应用现在分词形式leading作结果状语。故填leading。
56．考查冠词。句意：书写体系在团结中国人民和文化方面发挥了重要作用。play an important part in为固定短语，表示“在……中起重要作用”，important是元音音素开头的单词，前边使用不定冠词an。故填an。
57．考查代词。句意：书面汉语也成为连接中国现在和过去的重要手段。结合语意可知，此处表示“它的过去”，空处应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”，符合题意。故填its。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：现代人可以阅读中国古代人所著的经典作品。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，write与逻辑主语classic works之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式written作后置定语。故填written。
59．考查形容词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语，欣赏中国的文化和历史。空处修饰名词affairs，应用形容词形式作定语，global是形容词，表示“全球的”，符合题意。故填global。
60．考查连词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语，欣赏中国的文化和历史。结合语意可知，“学习汉语”与“欣赏中国文化和历史”之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
知识点
1.based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
[教材原句] At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.(P62) 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
【词块必记】
(1)base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon以……为基础;依据……
at the base of在……底部
(2)basic adj.基本的;基础的
basis n.基础;基本原则
on the basis of在……基础上;基于……
on a regular basis 定期
[近义] bottom, foundation
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please do remember that success is based ______ hard work.
(2)The study ______(base) on data from 2,100 college students.
(3)Contact with other people is a ______ (base) human need.
(4) ______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.
(5)You’ll be able to choose a room ______ (base) on your own personal tastes.
(6)Contact with other people is a _______(base) human need.
(7)It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular ________(base).
(8)The study __________(base) on data from 2,100 college students.
[写美句]——句式升级
(9)The film was based on a true story and it was deeply touching.
→____________________，the film was deeply touching. (分词短语作状语)
→The film ___________________ was deeply touching.(分词短语作定语)
[佳句] Based on my own experience, learning English online is really a great way for English learners. [2020·5月天津卷，书面表达]
根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。
2.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62) 多年以来,这种书写体发展成不同的形式,因为在那段时间,由于人们在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
【词块必记】
(1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的
(2)various adj．不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.&.vi．改变；变化
vary from... to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
vary in... 在……方面丰富多样
vary with... 随着……的变化而变化
[名师点津]
a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰复数可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①One of the advantages is that we can find _________ (variety) topics，such as science，culture and history.
②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ______ (various) from 10 to 15.
③There are ___________(variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
④One of the advantages is that we can find various(variety) topics,such as science,culture and history.
⑤The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages vary (various) from 10 to 15.
⑥There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
句式升级
⑦Our school has built a new stadium and it has all kinds of well-equipped facilities．
→Our school has built a new stadium, _____________________ well-equipped facilities.(定语从句)
3.equal n. 同等的人;相等物 vt. 相同的;同样的
[教材原句] ...our relationship is close and we’re equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(P66)……我们的关系很亲密,并且我们是平等的,因此我只需说几个字,就能消除我们之间的距离。
【词块必记】
(1)the equal of与……相等/匹敌
be without equal=have no equal无与伦比
(2)equal sb/sth in(doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任(做)某事
be equal in sth在某方面平等/相同
(4)unequal adj.不相等的;不平等的
equality n.平等;相等
equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地
[联想] 表示“胜任……”的其他表达：
①be up to；②be fit for；③be qualified for
近义词：rival（竞争对手，可与之匹敌者）, opponent (对手，竞争者）， match（可与之匹敌者）
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)China has always insisted that all countries,big or small,should be _______ (equality).
(2)Men and women must be treated _______ (equal) in education and employment.
(3)Any man will be equal_______ the task;so long as he is careful,you should give him a try.
(4)We need to be active in all kinds of sports，and pay attention to mental health which is equal ___________ physical health.
(5)[2021·天津卷3月]Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is________(equal) interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.
(6)No one equals him ____ courage, about which every one knows.
[写美]——应用文之申请信
(7）[全国Ⅰ卷，书面表达]我确信我能胜任做这次中国绘画展的志愿者。
I am convinced that I ____________being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.
(8)我们要积极参加各种体育运动,注重心理健康,它与身体健康同等重要。
We need to be active in all kinds of sports,and pay attention to mental health ________________.
4.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
[教材原句]As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(P62)
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【语境巧练】
写出下列句中appreciate的含义
①The happiest are not those who own all the best things ,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life．______
②I appreciate the difficulty you are faced with but I don’t think I can help you．______
③I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for me．______
【词块必记】
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激
appreciate＋that/wh-从句 理解/意识到……
(3)express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情
注意：appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词－ing形式作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词(组)后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate ____ if could give me a bit of good advice.
②Chinese calligraphy has won the ______________(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China.
③I appreciate ____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
[写美句]——应用文之感谢信
我写信是为了表达一下我对你的感激之情，感谢你在我心情低沉的时候给我鼓励和安慰。
④_______________________________ for encouraging and comforting me when I was in depression.
[佳句] ⑤I'd appreciate your replying to my letter at your earliest convenience.
＝_____________________you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience. [2020·全国Ⅲ卷，书面表达]
如果方便时你能尽快回复我的信件，我将感激不尽。
5.demand n. 要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
[教材原句] But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question,not a demand.(P66) 但是,如果我和一个不是很亲近的人交谈,我必须把我的请求说的时间长一些——我必须确保这是请求,而不是一个要求。
【词块必记】
(1)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand of sb to do sth. 要求某人做某事
demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要某物
demand that.../it is demanded that...(should)+动词原形 要求……
(2)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy/serve one’s demands (for sth) 满足某人(对……)的需求
(3)demanding adj.要求高的;费力的
[名师点津]
(1)demand的主语是物时,常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。
(2)“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb to do...,但可用demand of sb to do...。
(3)demand后通常不接双宾语。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Like running, race walking is physically __________ (demand), she says.
②First, science graduates are ____ greater demand than arts ones in China.
③Yesterday evening，the couple came to my house and demanded help ________ me.
[写美句]——应用文之新闻报道
④ [2020·全国卷Ⅰ，书面表达]因为摘苹果需要爬树，所以农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
Because picking apples involved climbing trees, the farmers demanded that we___________________________．
[背诵佳句] Because it was a demanding task，the manager demanded that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers' demands.
因为这是一项要求比较高的任务，所以经理要求我们加班来满足顾客们的需求。
6.regard n. 尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待
[教材原句] The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(P62) 对汉字书写体系的高度重视在汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展过程中可以看出来,这种被称为中国书法的艺术形式已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
【词块必记】
(1)the (high)regard for...对……(高度)尊重
in this/that regard在这/那点上
in/with regard to...关于某人(某事),在这点上
give one’s regards (to sb)代某人(向某人)问好
as regards关于;至于(后接名词或从句作宾语)
(2)regard with以(某种心态)来看(某人或某事)
regard...as...把……看作……
(3)regardless of 不管；不顾
(4)regarding prep.关于,至于,就……而论
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please give my best ________(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner.
(2)With regard ________ my favourite Chinese poet,I’d like to introduce Du Fu to you.
(3)The Spring Festival ________(regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.
(4)The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,regardless ______ time and space.
[小话题写作]
(5)如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被看作是最好的全能运动形式之一。
Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, _________ one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
7.refer to指的是；提及；查阅；参考
[教材原句] Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(P60) 代词(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。
【语境巧练】
[写出下列句中refer to的含义]
(1)Although she didn’t mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring to.指的是
(2)You can refer to online articles to complete your education.参考
(3)Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know the word.查阅
(4)We agreed never to refer to the matter again.提到
【词块必记】
(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考；参考书目
reference books/material 参考书/参考资料
in/with reference to 关于
[指津] refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为referred, referred, referring。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(5)People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”.
(6)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer).
(7)As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter to the editor.
(8)[写美句]（2020全国Ⅰ作文话题）几十年来，人们一直常常用“雷锋”来指称有奉献精神的人。
For decades,“Lei Feng”has been the typical way of ___________________________.
[佳句背诵]
The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
课本和词典可以用作参考书籍,然而杂志只能当作阅读材料。
8.date back (to)追溯到……;始于……
[教材原句] It dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(P62) 它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用时期——古代中国人民将符号刻到动物的骨头和壳上。
【词块必记】
(1) date from 追溯到；始于；起源于
(2) out of date 过时的
up to date (with...) 赶上(……的)潮流
(3)set a date for... 确定……的日期
make a date with sb. 与某人约会/预约
[佳句] The needle treatment that dates back to/dating back to ancient times has cured many diseases.产生于古代的针灸已经治愈了很多疾病。
[指津] (1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。
(2)date back to和date from作后置定语时， 常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①The Dragon Boat Festival, which ________ (date) back to the Warring States Periods, is one of the four most important festivals in China.
②Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up _____ date with modern technology.
[写美句]——句式升级
③Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometers away from Shaoguan, right at river bank of Caojiang and it dates back to 1500 years ago.
____________________________,Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometres away from Shaoguan , right at the river bank of Canjiang.(分词做作状语）
[佳句背诵]
中国饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1 000多年前。
Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1,000 years ago.
9.relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
[教材原句] Does each sentence relate to the main idea (P67) 每句话都与主旨有关吗
【词块必记】
(1)relate...to...把……和……联系起来
be related to...和……有关/有联系
relate to...与……相关;涉及;谈到
relate sth to sb向某人讲述某事
(2)related adj.相关的;有联系的
relation n.(relations)(人、团体、国家之间的)关系;[U,C]关联
in/with relation to...与……有关;涉及
relationship n.关系;联系
relative adj.比较的;相对的 n.亲戚
relatively adv.相对地;相当地
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)All the papers that relate _______ this subject are written by him.
(2)The Dutch language is closely _______ (relate) to German.
(3)It is difficult _______ (relate) these results with/to any known cases.
(4)We seek to improve _______ (relate) between our two countries.
[完成句子]
(5)它向我们传递一个信息:整体是由很多紧密相关的小的部分组成的。
It conveys a message to us: A whole is made up of many small parts_______________.
10..句型公式：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语), the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)……越……，(……)越……
(教材原句)It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就会越发达。
【考点必记】
(1)the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2)the more...，the less... 越……，越不……
the more...，the better... ……越多，……就越好
(3)形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级 越来越……
[佳句] It was our teacher who reminded us that the more confident we were，the more likely we were to succeed.是我们的老师提醒我们：我们越自信，就越有可能成功。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The more you know about our traditional culture,the more (much) you are interested in it.
(2)The more careful you are,the fewer (few) mistakes you will make.
(3)The harder (hard) you work,the greater progress you will make.
(4）The more difficult the question is ，the _________(likely) he is able to answer it.
(5)The higher you climb，the ________(far) you will see.
[小话题写作]
(6)我个人认为,教育就是学习,你学得越多,你为生活准备得就越多。
As far as I am concerned,education is about learning and the more you learn,the more you equip for your life.
[写美句]——应用文佳句
（7）[北京卷，书面表达]你对我们的传统文化的了解越多，你就对它越
感兴趣。
The more you know about our traditional culture，_______________________ it.
11.句型：no matter where... “无论在哪里……”引导让步状语从句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(教材P62)
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
【考点必记】
(1)no matter where,who,what,etc.意为“不论……;不管……”。
(2)“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
①“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句,可放在主句前或主句后。
②whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
③whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里,我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。
By setting up a family blog,we can conveniently share our experiences _____________________.
(2)无论何时我犯了错误,您总是耐心地指出来,并帮助我改正它。
__________________ I made a mistake,you were always patient to point it out and helped me correct it.
(3)贝蒂的主要优势是无论情况多么紧急她都能保持冷静。
Betty’s main strength is her ability to keep calm no matter____________________.
(4)我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
We promise ____________________ has a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
[句式升级]
(5)A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is.
→A determined person always tries to finish the job,____________________.
[佳句背诵]
Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
每年,制作最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节中获奖。
1. based 【即时练】答案: （1）on （2）was based （3）basic （4）Basing（5） based (6)basic (7)basis (8)was based (9)Based on a true story ，based on a true story
2. variety 【即时练】答案:①various ②vary ③varieties ④various ⑤vary ⑥varieties ⑦which has varieties of
3.equal【即时练】 答案:(1)equal (2)equally(3) to (4）to（5）equally（6）in (7） am equal to (8)which is equal to physical health.
4. appreciate 【语境巧练】①欣赏 ②理解 ③感激 【即时练】①it ②appreciation ③ being given ④I'm writing to express my appreciation ⑤I'd appreciate it if
5.demand 【即时练】答案: ①demanding ②in ③of/from ④ should be cautious and careful
6. regard 【即时练】答案: ①regards ② to(3)is regarded(4) of (5) is regarded as
7. 答案:(1)指的是 (2)参考 (3)查阅 (4)提到 (5) as (6)reference (7) to(8)referring to those who have the spirit of devotion
8. 答案: ①dates ② to ③Dating back to 1500 years ago
9. 答案: (1）to （2）related (3)to relate (4) relations (5)that are closely related
10.答案: (1)more (2)fewer (3)harder （4）less likely （5）farther （6） the more you equip for your life. （7）the more you are interested in
11. 答案:(1) no matter where we are (2)No matter when (3)how urgent the situation is (4)whoever attends the party (5)however hard it is
语法点
Grammar 定语从句(Ⅱ)
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when, where, why或“介词＋which”。
1．指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
2．在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用。
3．起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
1．when引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time, day, year, month, week等)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。
(2)when可以换成“介词＋which”。
I still remember the time when_(＝in_which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。
I have forgotten the exact date when_(＝on_which) this country became independent.
我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。
2．where引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place, room, mountain, airport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。
(2)where可以换成“介词＋which”。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要作出改变的地步。
He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right or wrong.他陷入一种难以判断对错的境地。
This is the hotel where_(＝in_which) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。
3．why引导定语从句的用法
(1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。
(2)why可以用for which来代替。
This is the reason why_(＝for_which) he left in a hurry.
这是他匆匆离去的原因。
1．关系代词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the student for_whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。
This is the ship by_which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。
They live in a house, of_which the windows are made of glass.他们住在一所窗户是玻璃做的房子里。
2．介词的选择
(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
Is this the car for_which you paid a high price 这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay ... for sth.)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to_whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)
(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He brought the result with_which the boss was satisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be satisfied with)
(3)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
Do you still remember the day on_which we met for the first time 你还记得我们第一次见面的那天吗？(on the day)
I can't remember the age at_which he won the prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at the age)
(4)根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子的先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。
This is the pilot with_whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by_whom my son was saved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断：
用法 依据
根据从句的谓语动词 是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词则用关系副词
根据先行词在从句中所作的成分 把先行词代入定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词
This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)
This is the factory (that/which) I visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)
Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago 这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少宾语)
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held 这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗？(从句缺少地点状语)
单句语法填空。（关系代词、关系副词、介词+关系代词）
1. We have entered into an age ____________________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2. Is it very difficult for a child to come into the classroom ________________ he could feel confident
3. This smart keyboard precisely (精确地) measures the cadence (节奏) ____________________ one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
4. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, ____________________ he soon found himself.
5. It’s good to know there’s still someone out there ____________________ we can find so much glory.
6. We don’t exactly know the time ____________________ Granma was put forward.
7. First, I wanted to be a fireman of Harvard University, ____________________ the uniform looked so cool.
8. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, ____________________ additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
9. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of the reason ____________________ the same people keep coming back for more.
10. Creating an atmosphere ____________________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
11. Do you still remember the day ____________________ we came to the city
12. I don’t know the reason he failed to attend the party.
13. This is the house ____________________ his brother was born ten years ago.
14. Have you met the professor ____________________ our teacher referred
15. This is the farm ____________________ my father grows fruit.
16. This is our English teacher ____________________ we have learn a lot.
17. I’ll remember the day ____________________ I was admitted to the university forever.
18. I’ll never forget the day ____________________ I spent with my cousins in the mountains.
19. They are cleaning the windows, some of ____________________ are very dirty.
20. The reason ____________________ he explained at the meeting was not reasonable.
1 when 2 where 3 with which 4 among whom
5 on whom 6 when 7 where 8 where
9 why/ for which 10 in which 11 when/ on which 12 why/ for which
13 where/ in which 14 to whom 15 on which/where 16 from whom
17 when/on which 18 which/that 19 which 20 that/which
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