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新人教版必修第二册Unit 3知识清单
重 点 单 词 1. n. 功能;作用;机能 vi. 起作用;正常工作;运转 2. n. 折扣 vt. 打折 3. n. 盒;箱;情况;案件 4. n. 身份;个性 5. adj. 心烦的;苦恼的;沮丧的 vt. 使烦恼;使生气;搅乱→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 6. vi. 聊天;闲聊→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7. adj. 卡住;陷(入);困(于)→stick vt.&vi. 卡住;阻塞→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8. adj. 假的;错误的 9. adj. 艰难的;严厉的 10. n. 现金;金钱 11. vt.&vi.浏览;冲浪 12. vt.&vi. 点击 13. n. 忠告;诀窍;实用的提示 14. n. 作者;作家 15. vt. 流播;流出 vi. 流动 n. 小河;溪流 16. n. 目标;对象;靶子 vt. 把……作为攻击目标 17. conj.而且;此外 n. 加号;优势 prep. 加;另加 18.charity n. 19.battery n. 20.button n. 21.engine n. 22.resident n. adj. 23.conference n. 24.software n. 25.province n. 26.database n. 27.guideline n. 28.file n.
词 汇 拓 展 1.benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于→ adj. 有益的 2.access n. 通道;(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt. 进入;使用;获取→ adj. 易进入的;易得到的;易使用的 3.convenient adj. 方便的;近便的→ n. 方便→(反) adj. 不方便的 4. n. 距离→distant adj. 遥远的;疏远的 5.inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考→ adj. 备受鼓舞的→ adj. 鼓舞人心的→ n. 鼓舞;灵感 6.update vt. 更新;向……提供最新信息 n.更新;最新消息→ adj. 最新的;现代化的 7.rude adj. 粗鲁的;无礼的→ adv. 粗鲁地→ n. 粗鲁 8.confirm vt. 确认;使确信→ n. 确认 9.familiar adj. 熟悉;熟知→(反) adj. 不熟悉的→familiarity n. 熟悉 10.press vt. 按;压;敦促→ n. 压力;要求 11.account n. 账户;描述→ n. 会计员;会计师 12. adj. 让人难堪(尴尬;害羞)的→embarrass vt. 使难堪;使尴尬→ n. 尴尬→ adj. 感到尴尬的 13.particular adj. 特定的;特别的;讲究的→ adv. 特别;尤其 14.privacy n. 隐私;私密→ adj. 秘密的→ adv. 秘密地 15.define vt. 给……下定义;界定;解释→ n. 定义 16. n. 偷(窃);偷盗罪→thief n. 贼→ (pl.) 17.blog n. 博客 vi. 写博客→ n. 博客作者;博主→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
重 点 短 语 1．___________________陪伴某人 2．___________________既然；由于 3．___________________经历；度过；仔细检查 4．___________________状况良好 5．___________________掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 6．___________________取笑；戏弄 7．___________________牢记
重 点 句 型 1．There are countless articles _________________________________________________________. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。 2．At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home _________________________________________________________. 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。 3．She was ___________________ inspired by the people she met online ___________________ she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. 她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年纪较大的人们学习如何使用电脑和互联网。 4．A troll is a person who posts comments or questions ______________________________________. 网络挑事者就是在网上张贴评论或问题以挑起事端的人。 5．However，___________________ polite you are，___________________likely it is you will be attacked. 但是，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。
课文语法填空
Not only has the Internet made our lives more 21． （convenience）, but people's lives have also been changed by online communities and social networks. Take Jan Tchamani, an English teacher, for example. She had to quit her job 22． she developed a serious illness. With only her computer to keep her company, she felt lonely and 23． （bore）. However, by surfing the Internet, she found her life greatly changed since the Internet was able to keep people closer no matter 24． they live.
25． （inspire）by the people she met online, she decided to start 26． IT club to teach older people how 27． （use）computers and the Internet. In order to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society 28． （good）, Jan herself has started taking online classes. She believes that it is 29． （high）important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor 30． （country）. Due to the Internet, Jan's life has been greatly improved.
知识点
1.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考
[教材原句] She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.(P28) 她受到网友的启发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们如何使用电脑和互联网。
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 (1)inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb.with ...＝inspire ...in sb. 以……激励某人；激起某的……
(2)inspired adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
【即时练】单句语法填空
①________ (inspire) by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.
②The golden autumn light provided the ________ (inspire) for the painting.
③She was an ________(inspire) example to her followers.
④(2020·浙江1月高考)It is to inspire people to learn more about water related problems.
单句表达
⑤她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。
Her work didn't exactly ______________________________.
⑥His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks__________________________.
他鼓舞人心的评论激起了我的信心。
2.access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会vt.进入；使用；获取；访问
[教材原句] She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.(P28) 她认为,消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术是非常重要的。
【词块必记】
(1)have/get/gain access to...拥有……的机会;可以接近/进入……(to为介词)
give (sb)access to...准许(某人)使用或见到……(to为介词)
access to+n.通往……的路(to为介词)
(2)accessible adj.可接近的;可使用的
be accessible to...可接近/可靠近/可使用……
[名师点津]
access的本意是“进入某一地点的通道或者入口”,侧重于进入的手段或途径,其含义是抽象的,一般用作不可数名词,常与介词to连用,且access和accessible短语中的to都是介词。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中access的词性和含义)
①To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot._________
②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields._________
③He accessed three different files to find the correct information._________
(1)单句语法填空
④Computers should be made readily _________ (access) to teachers and pupils.
⑤(2020·天津5月高考)It will provide you with access _________ University facilities such as University Libraries, the Sports Centre, and Computing Services.
(2)一句多译
我们可以通过互联网获得最新的信息。
⑥We can _________________the most updated information through the Internet.
⑦We can ____________ the most updated information through the Internet.
3.account n.账户;描述
[教材原句] Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account.(P31) 劳拉需要一个能把钱添加到银行账户的应用程序。
【词块必记】
(1)give sb.a (full) account of ... 给某人(详细)描述……
open/close an account 开/销户
take ...into account ＝take account of 考虑到；顾及
on account of 因为；由于
on no account 决不(在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
(2)account v. 说明；解释；(数量或比例上)占
account for 解释；导致；(比例)占
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)According to Lee,it was Ben’s carelessness that________( account) for the accident.
(2)I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions________ account.
(3)________ no account must employees make personal telephone calls from the office.
(4)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts_______ about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.
[小话题写作]
⑤身体语言占第一印象的55%,而你说的话只占7%。
Body language _____________ 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
⑥_____________________ ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
4.upset adj.心烦的;苦恼的;沮丧的 vt.(upset,upset)使烦恼;使生气;搅乱；打翻
[教材原句] It seemed like a joke at first,but the girl was very upset.(P32) 一开始似乎是一个笑话,但那个女孩很沮丧。
【考点必记】
(1)be upset about/by...为……烦心/难过
be upset that...……让人不安
(2)It upsets sb to do sth做某事让某人感到心烦意乱
It upsets sb that...让某人心烦的是……
(3)upsetting adj.令人不快(忧虑、苦恼)的
[名师点津]
(1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语,不能作定语。
(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset,其现在分词形式为upsetting。
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.
我的确知道店员会有多生气，但我试着说服他们保持微笑。
②There is no point being upset about it.
为此事难过是没有意义的。
③It upsets me that all this was done to sell a book.
烦扰我的是，做这一切的目的仅仅是为了卖书。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④It is not necessary to scold him for _______ (upset) a bottle of milk.
⑤I know he feels upset _______ his failure, and I can relate to that.
⑥They were very upset _______ their child hadn't given them any reply to their letter.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦Naturally, I become sad/disappointed/annoyed when things go wrong._______
(3)句型转换
⑧She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.
→________________ he had left without saying goodbye.
⑨He failed in the exam, which upset him.
＝He failed in the exam, which ________________ .(upset adj.)
5.case n.盒;箱;情况;案件
[教材原句] This case has two functions.It’s my wallet and my mobile phone case.(P34) 这个套有两种功能。它是我的钱夹和手机套。
【词块必记】
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has ________ some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.
②It would be safer to take more money with you in case ________ emergency.
单句表达
③带张地图吧，以防迷路。
Bring a map _______________________________________________________.
④在这种情况下，可以尝试几个解决方案。
____________， several solutions could be tried.
[语境巧练]
(1)In ______ case,ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.
(2)I’ll be out for some time.______ case anything important happens,call me up immediately.
(3)______ is often the case with other old people,my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
[句式升级]
(4)We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.
→_______________ do anything that goes against the interests of people.(倒装句)
[佳句背诵]
It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人,一切皆有可能。
6.benefit n.益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
[教材原句] She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.(P28) 她意识到互联网最大的好处之一就是它能够消除常常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
【词块必记】
(1)be of(great) benefit to 有益于;对……(很)有益
for the benefit of sb=for one’s benefit为了某人的利益
(2)benefit sb/sth使某人/某物受益
benefit from/by...从……中获益
(3)beneficial adj.有益的;有利的
be beneficial to...对……有益
[名师点津]
benefit一般为不可数名词,但意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词,可用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①As we know, books are the source of knowledge.I benefit a great deal _______ reading.
②The doctor considered that the change would be _______ (benefit) to her health.
③The soldier lost his life _______ the benefit of his motherland.
[一句多译]
每天做运动对健康有很大好处。
④Doing exercise every day is _________________.
⑤Doing exercise every day is _________________.
7.convenient adj.方便的;近便的
[教材原句] There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.(P28) 无数文章告诉我们网络如何使我们的生活更加方便。
【用法感知】
①Second, talk to your parents when it is convenient for them.
其次，在你父母方便的时候和他们谈谈。
②(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)It allows us to learn English more conveniently and more efficiently.
它让我们学习英语更方便、更有效。
③I hope that you can reply to my letter at your convenience.
我希望你方便时能够给我回信。
【词块必记】
(1)It is convenient (for sb) to do sth(某人)方便做某事
sth be convenient for sth某物离某物很近
when it be convenient for/to sb某人方便的时候
(2)convenience n.便利;方便;便利的事物;便利设施
for convenience为了方便起见
at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候
(3)conveniently adv.便利地
[名师点津]
(1)convenient作表语时,不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语,且在It is convenient for sb to do sth结构中介词for不能用介词of代替。
(2)convenience意为“方便;便利”时,为不可数名词;意为“便利的事物或设施”时,为可数名词。
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)Most of us like the _________ (convenient) of using credit cards to buy things because it is convenient to carry.
(2)It is quite convenient _______ (shop) online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price.
(3)For the _______ (convenient) of all guests,visits are limited to 10 minutes.
[完成句子]
(4)互联网使得我们相互联系方便了。
The Internet _______________________________________________.
(5)请你在方便的时候尽早送货。
Please deliver the goods ______________________.
8.go through经历；度过；通读；经受；完成；仔细检查；(法案等)通过；花完；用掉
[教材原句] “When you go through tough times,you meet others who are facing similar challenges,” Jan says.(P28) 简说:“当你艰难度日时,你会遇到面临同样挑战的人。”
【词块必记】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中go through的含义)
①He went through many difficulties before he succeeded.经历
②You must go through your papers before you hand them in.仔细检查
③The plan went through, which made us all happy.通过
④We went through all our money last week and had nothing to buy the milk.花完；用掉
【词块必记】
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
⑤As time went ________,I realized how important it was to learn English well.
⑥Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I went ________ the language points at the same time.
⑦I was reading magazines in the room when all of a sudden the light went________.
(2)完成句子
⑧Peter has lost his job, and the family is ________________________.
彼德失业了，他的家庭正面临艰难的时期。
[佳句背诵]
I myself went through this searching process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better.
我亲身经历了这个探索过程并找到了使我的大学经历更美好的东西。
9.in shape状况良好
(教材原句)Xiao Bo is looking for an exercise app to help him get in shape.
小博正在寻找一款运动app来帮助他保持良好身材。
[用法感知]
①Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push ups too to get/stay in shape.
汤姆早上总是慢跑，他也经常做俯卧撑来保持良好身材。
②(2020·天津高考)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake in the shape of a monkey.
为了给我过五岁生日，我妈妈给我烤制了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。
③The cloud is shaped like a fish.
那片云形状像一条鱼。
【词块必记】
(1)shape n． 形状；外形v. 使成为……形状；塑造
get/stay in shape 保持良好身材
in the shape of 呈……的形状
out of shape 走样；身体状况不佳
in good/bad/poor shape 身体健康/不健康；状态好/不好
(2)shaped adj. 具有……形状的
be shaped like 形状像……
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①The wheel had been bent ________ of shape.
②He's ________ good shape for a man of his age.
单句表达
③人们的政治信仰被他们在报纸上看到的东西所影响。
People's political beliefs ____________________ what they see in the papers.
④政府以助学金和学生贷款的形式提供资金。
The government provides money ____________________ grants and student loans.
10.keep(...) in mind牢记
[教材原句] Tell the reader what they should do or keep in mind.(P33) 告诉读者他们应该做或记住的事情。
【词块必记】
have sth in mind考虑;想到;打算
make up one’s mind下决心
change one’s mind改变主意
[名师点津]
使用make up one’s mind时,如果主语是复数,mind也要用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①Bearing ________ mind how young she is, I thought she did really well.
②Of course, repair work is expensive and you have to keep that ________ mind.
单句表达
③(中国日报)作为村代表大会的党员和代表，邓子英是村里最早的寄养父母之一，她一开始拿不定主意。
As a Party member and representative in the village congress, Deng Ziying, one of the first foster parents in the village, could not __________________ initially.
11.now that既然;由于，引导原因状语从句
[教材原句] Now that he works and can take care of himself,his daughter has time to study at university.(P28) 由于他工作了并能照顾自己了,他的女儿有时间在大学学习了。
【词块必记】
now that在意思和用法上与since相同，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering (that)等。
①He won't resign because he's not a quitter.
他不会辞职，因为他不是个半途而废的人。
(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account of等。
②It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①________ (provide) that you have the money in your account, you can withdraw up to ￡100 a day.
②I think we paid too much for the house, ________ (consider) that we needed to get the roof repaired.
[完成句子]
③既然我们都是地球村的一部分，人人都成了邻居。
____________ we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour.
④考虑到病人有一些残疾，我们还是尽量让他们独立。
______________ the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable then to be as independent as possible.
⑤既然我无事可做,我就可以享受一会儿音乐了。
Now that I have nothing to do,I can enjoy music for a little while.
[一句多译]
既然你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。
⑥______________________________ Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
⑦______________________________ Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
12.so...that...的用法
[教材原句] She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.(P28) 她受到网友的启发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们如何使用电脑和互联网。
【词块必记】
[名师点津]
在so...that...和such...that...引导的结果状语从句中,so,such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要部分倒装。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)她友好又耐心,并且她的英语语法解释得如此清楚,以至于连我都能明白!
She’s kind and patient,and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!
(2)这个夏天这里的雨水那么少以至于我们不得不给菜园浇水。
There is so little rain this summer here that we have to water the vegetable garden.
(3)这个厨房很小,我不必太费劲就可以保持它的清洁。
It’s such a little kitchen that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
[句式升级]
(4)This is such an interesting book that all the students in our class want to read it.
→____________________________________________________________________.
语法点
Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．Much has been written about the Great Wall.
2．Many people have been helped by the club.
3．Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
4．Look at the way your face has been washed.
5．Today I thought I'd answer a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet
[归纳句法]
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成
have/has＋been＋过去分词
二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.
最近炎热横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished.
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new booking systems for tickets been used
新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。
The work has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce)all over the world.
②Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed(change).
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的事项
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词
如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经完成。
3．动词短语
动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4．带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。
注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
5．带有双宾语的动词
如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
单句语法填空
1. This book talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpaksstan, where millions of lives ________________ (destroy) by the slow drying up of the sea.
2. He ________________ (honor) as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
3. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range ________________ (study) poorly.
4. Modern methods for tracking polar bear population ________________ (employ) only since the mid-1980s.
5. A 90-year-old ________________ (award) “Woman of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee – still working 40 hours a week.
6. Her years of hard work have finally ________________ (acknowledge) after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
7. Up to now, phytoplankton (浮游植物群落) ________________ (use) to control global climate.
8. By mid-01963, the Beatle ________________ (be) extremely popular in England.
9. They are astonished to learn that 5G terminals (终端机) ________________ (install安装，设置).
10. Wildlife has been greatly ________________ (threat) in the modern age.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第二册Unit 3知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.function n. 功能;作用;机能 vi. 起作用;正常工作;运转 2.discount n. 折扣 vt. 打折 3.case n. 盒;箱;情况;案件 4.identity n. 身份;个性 5.upset adj. 心烦的;苦恼的;沮丧的 vt. 使烦恼;使生气;搅乱→upset/upset/upsetting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 6.chat vi. 聊天;闲聊→chatted/chatted/chatting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.stuck adj. 卡住;陷(入);困(于)→stick vt.&vi. 卡住;阻塞→stuck/stuck/sticking (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8.false adj. 假的;错误的 9.tough adj. 艰难的;严厉的 10.cash n. 现金;金钱 11.surf vt.&vi.浏览;冲浪 12.click vt.&vi. 点击 13.tip n. 忠告;诀窍;实用的提示 14.author n. 作者;作家 15.stream vt. 流播;流出 vi. 流动 n. 小河;溪流 16.target n. 目标;对象;靶子 vt. 把……作为攻击目标 17.plus conj.而且;此外 n. 加号;优势 prep. 加;另加 18.charity n. 慈善;慈善机构(或组织) 19.battery n. 电池 20.button n. 按钮;纽扣 21.engine n. 引擎;发动机;火车头 22.resident n. 居民;(美国的)住院医生 adj. (在某地)居住的 23.conference n. 会议;研讨会;正式会谈 24.software n. 软件 25.province n. 省 26.database n. 数据库;资料库 27.guideline n. 准则;指导原则 28.file n. 文件;文件夹;档案
词 汇 拓 展 1.benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于→beneficial adj. 有益的 2.access n. 通道;(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt. 进入;使用;获取→accessible adj. 易进入的;易得到的;易使用的 3.convenient adj. 方便的;近便的→convenience n. 方便→(反) inconvenient adj. 不方便的 4.distance n. 距离→distant adj. 遥远的;疏远的 5.inspire vt. 鼓舞;激励;启发思考→inspired adj. 备受鼓舞的→inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的→inspiration n. 鼓舞;灵感 6.update vt. 更新;向……提供最新信息 n.更新;最新消息→updated adj. 最新的;现代化的 7.rude adj. 粗鲁的;无礼的→rudely adv. 粗鲁地→rudeness n. 粗鲁 8.confirm vt. 确认;使确信→confirmation n. 确认 9.familiar adj. 熟悉;熟知→(反) unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的→familiarity n. 熟悉 10.press vt. 按;压;敦促→pressure n. 压力;要求 11.account n. 账户;描述→accountant n. 会计员;会计师 12.embarrassing adj. 让人难堪(尴尬;害羞)的→embarrass vt. 使难堪;使尴尬→embarrassment n. 尴尬→embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的 13.particular adj. 特定的;特别的;讲究的→particularly adv. 特别;尤其 14.privacy n. 隐私;私密→private adj. 秘密的→privately adv. 秘密地 15.define vt. 给……下定义;界定;解释→definition n. 定义 16.theft n. 偷(窃);偷盗罪→thief n. 贼→thieves (pl.) 17.blog n. 博客 vi. 写博客→blogger n. 博客作者;博主→blogged/blogged/blogging (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
重 点 短 语 1．keep pany陪伴某人 2．now that既然；由于 3．go through经历；度过；仔细检查 4．in shape状况良好 5．keep track of掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态 6．make fun of取笑；戏弄 7．keep (...) in mind牢记
重 点 句 型 1．There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. 讲述互联网如何使我们的生活变得更加方便的文章数不胜数。 2．At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。 3．She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. 她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年纪较大的人们学习如何使用电脑和互联网。 4．A troll is a person who posts comments or questions in order to stir up trouble online. 网络挑事者就是在网上张贴评论或问题以挑起事端的人。 5．However，the more polite you are，the less likely it is you will be attacked. 但是，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。
课文语法填空
Not only has the Internet made our lives more 21． （convenience）, but people's lives have also been changed by online communities and social networks. Take Jan Tchamani, an English teacher, for example. She had to quit her job 22． she developed a serious illness. With only her computer to keep her company, she felt lonely and 23． （bore）. However, by surfing the Internet, she found her life greatly changed since the Internet was able to keep people closer no matter 24． they live.
25． （inspire）by the people she met online, she decided to start 26． IT club to teach older people how 27． （use）computers and the Internet. In order to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society 28． （good）, Jan herself has started taking online classes. She believes that it is 29． （high）important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor 30． （country）. Due to the Internet, Jan's life has been greatly improved.
【答案】21．convenient；22．because；23．bored；24．where；25．Inspired；26．an；27．to use；28．better；29．highly；30．countries
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Jan创建平台帮助老人学会使用电脑和互联网的故事。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，状语从句，非谓语动词，冠词，副词，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
21．句意：互联网不仅使我们的生活更加便利，而且网络社区和社交网络也改变了人们的生活。 convenience，名词，方便。make+宾语+形容词，使…… ，此处形容词作宾补，故填 convenient 。
22．句意：她得了重病，不得不辞职。 she developed a serious illness 是 She had to quit her job 的原因，因此此句是原因状语从句，故填 because 。
23．句意：只有电脑陪伴她，她感到孤独和无聊。此处形容词作表语，修饰人，故填 bored 。
24．句意：然而，通过上网，她发现自己的生活发生了巨大的变化，因为无论人们住在哪里，互联网都能拉近他们的距离。 no matter they live是让步状语从句，结合句意，应用副词where，故填where。
25．句意：在网上遇到的人的启发下，她决定创办一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。 she 和 inspire 在逻辑上是动宾关系，过去分词表被动，此处作原因状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填 Inspired 。
26．句意：在网上遇到的人的启发下，她决定创办一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，IT的发音是元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，故填an。
27．句意：在网上遇到的人的启发下，她决定创办一个IT俱乐部，教老年人如何使用电脑和互联网。此处是"疑问词+不定式"作宾语，故填 to use 。
28．句意：为了更多地了解如何利用互联网让社会变得更好，简自己也开始上网课。此处形容词比较级作宾补，故填 better 。
29．句意：她认为，弥合数字鸿沟，确保每个人都能访问互联网并知道如何使用新技术，这一点非常重要。此处副词修饰形容词 important ，作状语，故填 highly 。
30．句意：她的下一个目标是创办一个慈善网站，为贫困国家的儿童筹集资金。此处名词作介词宾语，是泛指，应用复数形式，故填 countries 。
知识点
1.inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考
[教材原句] She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.(P28) 她受到网友的启发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们如何使用电脑和互联网。
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 (1)inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
inspire sb.with ...＝inspire ...in sb. 以……激励某人；激起某的……
(2)inspired adj. 品质优秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
【即时练】单句语法填空
①________ (inspire) by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods.
②The golden autumn light provided the ________ (inspire) for the painting.
③She was an ________(inspire) example to her followers.
④(2020·浙江1月高考)It is to inspire people to learn more about water related problems.
单句表达
⑤她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。
Her work didn't exactly ______________________________.
⑥His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks__________________________.
他鼓舞人心的评论激起了我的信心。
2.access n．通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会vt.进入；使用；获取；访问
[教材原句] She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.(P28) 她认为,消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术是非常重要的。
【词块必记】
(1)have/get/gain access to...拥有……的机会;可以接近/进入……(to为介词)
give (sb)access to...准许(某人)使用或见到……(to为介词)
access to+n.通往……的路(to为介词)
(2)accessible adj.可接近的;可使用的
be accessible to...可接近/可靠近/可使用……
[名师点津]
access的本意是“进入某一地点的通道或者入口”,侧重于进入的手段或途径,其含义是抽象的,一般用作不可数名词,常与介词to连用,且access和accessible短语中的to都是介词。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中access的词性和含义)
①To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot._________
②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields._________
③He accessed three different files to find the correct information._________
(1)单句语法填空
④Computers should be made readily _________ (access) to teachers and pupils.
⑤(2020·天津5月高考)It will provide you with access _________ University facilities such as University Libraries, the Sports Centre, and Computing Services.
(2)一句多译
我们可以通过互联网获得最新的信息。
⑥We can _________________the most updated information through the Internet.
⑦We can ____________ the most updated information through the Internet.
3.account n.账户;描述
[教材原句] Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account.(P31) 劳拉需要一个能把钱添加到银行账户的应用程序。
【词块必记】
(1)give sb.a (full) account of ... 给某人(详细)描述……
open/close an account 开/销户
take ...into account ＝take account of 考虑到；顾及
on account of 因为；由于
on no account 决不(在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
(2)account v. 说明；解释；(数量或比例上)占
account for 解释；导致；(比例)占
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)According to Lee,it was Ben’s carelessness that________( account) for the accident.
(2)I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions________ account.
(3)________ no account must employees make personal telephone calls from the office.
(4)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lighting accounts_______ about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.
[小话题写作]
⑤身体语言占第一印象的55%,而你说的话只占7%。
Body language _____________ 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.
⑥_____________________ ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
4.upset adj.心烦的;苦恼的;沮丧的 vt.(upset,upset)使烦恼;使生气;搅乱；打翻
[教材原句] It seemed like a joke at first,but the girl was very upset.(P32) 一开始似乎是一个笑话,但那个女孩很沮丧。
【考点必记】
(1)be upset about/by...为……烦心/难过
be upset that...……让人不安
(2)It upsets sb to do sth做某事让某人感到心烦意乱
It upsets sb that...让某人心烦的是……
(3)upsetting adj.令人不快(忧虑、苦恼)的
[名师点津]
(1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语,不能作定语。
(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset,其现在分词形式为upsetting。
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.
我的确知道店员会有多生气，但我试着说服他们保持微笑。
②There is no point being upset about it.
为此事难过是没有意义的。
③It upsets me that all this was done to sell a book.
烦扰我的是，做这一切的目的仅仅是为了卖书。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④It is not necessary to scold him for _______ (upset) a bottle of milk.
⑤I know he feels upset _______ his failure, and I can relate to that.
⑥They were very upset _______ their child hadn't given them any reply to their letter.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦Naturally, I become sad/disappointed/annoyed when things go wrong._______
(3)句型转换
⑧She was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.
→________________ he had left without saying goodbye.
⑨He failed in the exam, which upset him.
＝He failed in the exam, which ________________ .(upset adj.)
5.case n.盒;箱;情况;案件
[教材原句] This case has two functions.It’s my wallet and my mobile phone case.(P34) 这个套有两种功能。它是我的钱夹和手机套。
【词块必记】
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Popularization has ________ some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.
②It would be safer to take more money with you in case ________ emergency.
单句表达
③带张地图吧，以防迷路。
Bring a map _______________________________________________________.
④在这种情况下，可以尝试几个解决方案。
____________， several solutions could be tried.
[语境巧练]
(1)In ______ case,ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.
(2)I’ll be out for some time.______ case anything important happens,call me up immediately.
(3)______ is often the case with other old people,my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
[句式升级]
(4)We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.
→_______________ do anything that goes against the interests of people.(倒装句)
[佳句背诵]
It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人,一切皆有可能。
6.benefit n.益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
[教材原句] She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.(P28) 她意识到互联网最大的好处之一就是它能够消除常常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
【词块必记】
(1)be of(great) benefit to 有益于;对……(很)有益
for the benefit of sb=for one’s benefit为了某人的利益
(2)benefit sb/sth使某人/某物受益
benefit from/by...从……中获益
(3)beneficial adj.有益的;有利的
be beneficial to...对……有益
[名师点津]
benefit一般为不可数名词,但意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词,可用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①As we know, books are the source of knowledge.I benefit a great deal _______ reading.
②The doctor considered that the change would be _______ (benefit) to her health.
③The soldier lost his life _______ the benefit of his motherland.
[一句多译]
每天做运动对健康有很大好处。
④Doing exercise every day is _________________.
⑤Doing exercise every day is _________________.
7.convenient adj.方便的;近便的
[教材原句] There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.(P28) 无数文章告诉我们网络如何使我们的生活更加方便。
【用法感知】
①Second, talk to your parents when it is convenient for them.
其次，在你父母方便的时候和他们谈谈。
②(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)It allows us to learn English more conveniently and more efficiently.
它让我们学习英语更方便、更有效。
③I hope that you can reply to my letter at your convenience.
我希望你方便时能够给我回信。
【词块必记】
(1)It is convenient (for sb) to do sth(某人)方便做某事
sth be convenient for sth某物离某物很近
when it be convenient for/to sb某人方便的时候
(2)convenience n.便利;方便;便利的事物;便利设施
for convenience为了方便起见
at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候
(3)conveniently adv.便利地
[名师点津]
(1)convenient作表语时,不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语,且在It is convenient for sb to do sth结构中介词for不能用介词of代替。
(2)convenience意为“方便;便利”时,为不可数名词;意为“便利的事物或设施”时,为可数名词。
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)Most of us like the _________ (convenient) of using credit cards to buy things because it is convenient to carry.
(2)It is quite convenient _______ (shop) online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price.
(3)For the _______ (convenient) of all guests,visits are limited to 10 minutes.
[完成句子]
(4)互联网使得我们相互联系方便了。
The Internet _______________________________________________.
(5)请你在方便的时候尽早送货。
Please deliver the goods ______________________.
8.go through经历；度过；通读；经受；完成；仔细检查；(法案等)通过；花完；用掉
[教材原句] “When you go through tough times,you meet others who are facing similar challenges,” Jan says.(P28) 简说:“当你艰难度日时,你会遇到面临同样挑战的人。”
【词块必记】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中go through的含义)
①He went through many difficulties before he succeeded.经历
②You must go through your papers before you hand them in.仔细检查
③The plan went through, which made us all happy.通过
④We went through all our money last week and had nothing to buy the milk.花完；用掉
【词块必记】
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
⑤As time went ________,I realized how important it was to learn English well.
⑥Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I went ________ the language points at the same time.
⑦I was reading magazines in the room when all of a sudden the light went________.
(2)完成句子
⑧Peter has lost his job, and the family is ________________________.
彼德失业了，他的家庭正面临艰难的时期。
[佳句背诵]
I myself went through this searching process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better.
我亲身经历了这个探索过程并找到了使我的大学经历更美好的东西。
9.in shape状况良好
(教材原句)Xiao Bo is looking for an exercise app to help him get in shape.
小博正在寻找一款运动app来帮助他保持良好身材。
[用法感知]
①Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push ups too to get/stay in shape.
汤姆早上总是慢跑，他也经常做俯卧撑来保持良好身材。
②(2020·天津高考)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake in the shape of a monkey.
为了给我过五岁生日，我妈妈给我烤制了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。
③The cloud is shaped like a fish.
那片云形状像一条鱼。
【词块必记】
(1)shape n． 形状；外形v. 使成为……形状；塑造
get/stay in shape 保持良好身材
in the shape of 呈……的形状
out of shape 走样；身体状况不佳
in good/bad/poor shape 身体健康/不健康；状态好/不好
(2)shaped adj. 具有……形状的
be shaped like 形状像……
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①The wheel had been bent ________ of shape.
②He's ________ good shape for a man of his age.
单句表达
③人们的政治信仰被他们在报纸上看到的东西所影响。
People's political beliefs ____________________ what they see in the papers.
④政府以助学金和学生贷款的形式提供资金。
The government provides money ____________________ grants and student loans.
10.keep(...) in mind牢记
[教材原句] Tell the reader what they should do or keep in mind.(P33) 告诉读者他们应该做或记住的事情。
【词块必记】
have sth in mind考虑;想到;打算
make up one’s mind下决心
change one’s mind改变主意
[名师点津]
使用make up one’s mind时,如果主语是复数,mind也要用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①Bearing ________ mind how young she is, I thought she did really well.
②Of course, repair work is expensive and you have to keep that ________ mind.
单句表达
③(中国日报)作为村代表大会的党员和代表，邓子英是村里最早的寄养父母之一，她一开始拿不定主意。
As a Party member and representative in the village congress, Deng Ziying, one of the first foster parents in the village, could not __________________ initially.
11.now that既然;由于，引导原因状语从句
[教材原句] Now that he works and can take care of himself,his daughter has time to study at university.(P28) 由于他工作了并能照顾自己了,他的女儿有时间在大学学习了。
【词块必记】
now that在意思和用法上与since相同，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since, because, as, considering (that)等。
①He won't resign because he's not a quitter.
他不会辞职，因为他不是个半途而废的人。
(2)引导原因状语的短语：due to, thanks to, because of, as a result of, owing to, on account of等。
②It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
由于尽心竭力，这才大获成功。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①________ (provide) that you have the money in your account, you can withdraw up to ￡100 a day.
②I think we paid too much for the house, ________ (consider) that we needed to get the roof repaired.
[完成句子]
③既然我们都是地球村的一部分，人人都成了邻居。
____________ we are all part of the global village, everyone becomes a neighbour.
④考虑到病人有一些残疾，我们还是尽量让他们独立。
______________ the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable then to be as independent as possible.
⑤既然我无事可做,我就可以享受一会儿音乐了。
Now that I have nothing to do,I can enjoy music for a little while.
[一句多译]
既然你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。
⑥______________________________ Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
⑦______________________________ Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
12.so...that...的用法
[教材原句] She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.(P28) 她受到网友的启发,决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们如何使用电脑和互联网。
【词块必记】
[名师点津]
在so...that...和such...that...引导的结果状语从句中,so,such连同它所直接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要部分倒装。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)她友好又耐心,并且她的英语语法解释得如此清楚,以至于连我都能明白!
She’s kind and patient,and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!
(2)这个夏天这里的雨水那么少以至于我们不得不给菜园浇水。
There is so little rain this summer here that we have to water the vegetable garden.
(3)这个厨房很小,我不必太费劲就可以保持它的清洁。
It’s such a little kitchen that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
[句式升级]
(4)This is such an interesting book that all the students in our class want to read it.
→____________________________________________________________________.
1. inspire 【即时练】答案:①Inspired ②inspiration ③inspiring ④to learn ⑤inspire me with confidence⑥inspired me with confidence
2. access 【即时练】答案:①n.进入的机会②n.通道③v.访问④accessible⑤to⑥ gain access to⑦be accessible to
3.account【即时练】 答案:(1)accounted(2) into(3)On(4) for⑤accounts for⑥On no account can we
4. upset 【即时练】 答案:④upsetting⑤at/by/about⑥that⑦upset⑧It upset her that ⑨made him upset
5.case 【即时练】答案: 答案：①in ②of ③in case you get lost ④In this case
[语境巧练] (1）that(2)In (3) As(4)In no case should we
benefit 【即时练】答案: ①from②beneficial③for④of great benefit to health⑤very beneficial to health
convenient 【即时练】答案: (1)convenience(2)to shop(3)convenience(4)makes it convenient for us to get in touch with each other(5)at your earliest convenience
8. 答案:[用法感知] ①经历②仔细检查③通过④花完；用掉 【即时练】⑤by⑥over⑦out⑧going through a very difficult time
9.答案: ①out ②in ③are shaped by ④in the shape of
10. 答案: ①in ②in ③make up her mind
11.答案: ①Provided ②considering③Now that ④Given that⑤Now that⑥Now that you have long been interested in ⑦Since you have long been interested in
12. 答案:(1)so clearly that (2)so little rain this summer here that(3)such a little kitchen that(4)This is so interesting a book that all the students in our class want to read it
语法点
Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态
[观察例句]
1．Much has been written about the Great Wall.
2．Many people have been helped by the club.
3．Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
4．Look at the way your face has been washed.
5．Today I thought I'd answer a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet
[归纳句法]
一、现在完成时的被动语态的构成
have/has＋been＋过去分词
二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.
最近炎热横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished.
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new booking systems for tickets been used
新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed
电池多久没有更换了？
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。
The work has already been finished.
工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished.
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce)all over the world.
②Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has been changed(change).
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意的事项
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year.
去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词
如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago.
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished.
这项工作已经完成。
3．动词短语
动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4．带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。
注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
5．带有双宾语的动词
如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company).
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company).
单句语法填空
1. This book talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpaksstan, where millions of lives ________________ (destroy) by the slow drying up of the sea.
2. He ________________ (honor) as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
3. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range ________________ (study) poorly.
4. Modern methods for tracking polar bear population ________________ (employ) only since the mid-1980s.
5. A 90-year-old ________________ (award) “Woman of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee – still working 40 hours a week.
6. Her years of hard work have finally ________________ (acknowledge) after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
7. Up to now, phytoplankton (浮游植物群落) ________________ (use) to control global climate.
8. By mid-01963, the Beatle ________________ (be) extremely popular in England.
9. They are astonished to learn that 5G terminals (终端机) ________________ (install安装，设置).
10. Wildlife has been greatly ________________ (threat) in the modern age.
1 have been destroyed 2 has been honored 3 has been studied 4 have been employed 5 has been awarded 6 been acknowledged 7 have been used 8 had been 9 have been installed 120 threatened
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