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新人教版必修第二册Unit 2知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.average n. 平均数;平均水平 adj. 平均的;正常的;普通的 2.remind vt. 提醒;使想起 3.measure n.措施;方法 vt. 测量;度量;估量 4.attack n.&v. 攻击;抨击 5.due adj. 由于;因为 6.shoot vt.&vi. 射杀;射伤;发射→shot/shot/shooting (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.stir vt. 激发;搅动→stirred/ stirred/stirring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8.mass adj. 大量的;广泛的 n. 大量;堆;群 9.species n. 物种 10.living adj. 居住的;活的;在用的 n. 生活;生计 11.profit n. 利润;利益 12.goods n. 商品;货物 13.creature n. 生物;动物 14.deer n. 鹿→(pl.) deer 15.skin n. 皮;皮肤 16.poster n. 海报 17.plain n. 平原 adj. 简单明了的;直率的;平凡的 18.neighbourhood n. 临近的地方;街区 19.insect n. 昆虫 adj. 净得的;纯的 n.(=Internet) 网 21.habitat n. (动植物的)生活环境;栖息地 22.authority n. 官方;当权;权威
词 汇 拓 展 1.concern vt. 涉及;让……担忧→concerned adj. 担心的;关切的→concerning prep. 关于 2.aware adj. 知道;发觉;有……意识的→(反) unaware adj. 不知道的;没意识的→awareness n. 意识 3.reserve n. (动植物)保护区;储藏(量) vt. 预定;预留;保留→reservation n. 预定;保留 4.intend vt.&vi. 打算;计划;想要→intention n. 打算;目的;意图 5.exist vi. 存在;生存→existence n. 存在;生存→existing adj. 现有的;现存的 6.observe vt. 观察(到);注意;遵守→observation n. 观察 7.remove vt. 去除;移开;脱去→removal n. 移动;去除;免职;开除 8.adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应;使适合→adaptation n. 适应;改编本→adaptable adj. 能适应的 9.recover vi. 恢复;康复 vt. 找回;寻回→recovery n.恢复 10.endanger vt. 使遭受危险;危害→danger n. 危险→endangered adj. 濒危的→dangerous adj. 危险的 11.reduce vt. 减少→reduction n. 减少 12.alarm vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 n. 恐慌;警报;警报器→alarming adj. 惊人的;使惊恐的→alarmed adj. 惊慌的 13.immediately adv. 立刻→immediate adj. 立刻的 14.beauty n. 漂亮→beautiful adj. 漂亮的→beautify vt. 美化 15.threat n. 威胁→threaten vt. 威胁;危及→threatening adj. 威胁的;恐吓的 16.pressure n. 压力;要求→press v. 压,按 17.harmony n. 和谐;融洽→harmonious adj. 和谐的→harmoniously adv. 和谐地 18.emotion n. 感情;情感;情绪→emotional adj. 情绪化的 19.unusual adj. 不寻常的;特别的→(反) usual adj. 平常的→usually adv. 平常地 20.illegal adj. 非法的;不合法的→illegally adv. 非法地;不合法地→(反) legal adj. 合法的→legally adv. 合法地 21.extinct adj. 已灭绝的→extinction n. 灭绝 22.rate n. 速度;(比)率 vt. 划分等级→rating n. 等级;级别 23.hunt vt.&vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕→hunting n. 打猎→hunter n. 猎人
重 点 短 语 1．on earth (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底 2．die out灭亡；逐渐消失 3．aware of意识到；知道 4．on average平均 5．concerned about对……关切的；为……担忧的 6．adapt to适应 7．under pressure在压力下；承受压力 8．make out看清；听清；分清 9．remind sb.of sb./sth.使某人想起(类似的人或物) 10．watch over保护；照管；监督 11．day and night日日夜夜；夜以继日 12．due to由于；因为 13．search for搜索；查找 14．stir up激起
重 点 句 型 1．This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes. 这就是我们来到此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。 2．Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 3．When it comes to wildlife protection，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally. 谈到野生动植物保护，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑的——都应该得到平等地对待。 4．Is it right to make animals homeless so that humans can have more paper 为了让人类有更多的纸张，使得动物无家可归，这样做对吗？ 5．That is what the animals really need most.那是动物们真正最需要的
课文语法填空
Many animals have disappeared during the history of the earth. The 31． (famous) of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived on the earth 32． (ten) of millions of years ago, long before humans came into 33． (be). There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them have been found in China. When inspecting 34． (they) bones of a rare new species discovered in Chaoyang County, the scientists were surprised 35． (find) they could not only run like other dinosaurs, but also climb trees. They could tell this from the way the bones 36． (join) together.
Dinosaurs died 37． quickly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it came after a large rock hit the earth. Others think the earth got 38． hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such 39． short time. We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds 40． (die) out more recently.
【答案】31．most famous；32．tens；33．being；34．their；35．to find；36．were joined；37．out；38．too；39．a；40．have died
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家研究恐龙灭绝的原因。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，数词，非谓语动词，代词，时态语态，副词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
31．句意：这些动物中最著名的是恐龙。根据语境，结合空前定冠词the可知，此处是形容词的最高级，故填most famous。
32．句意：它们生活在数千万年前的地球上，远在人类出现之前。tens of millions of，固定短语，“数以千万计的”，故填tens。
33．句意：它们生活在数千万年前的地球上，远在人类出现之前。come into being，固定短语，“形成”，故填being。
34．句意：在检查朝阳县发现的一种稀有新物种的骨骼时，科学家们惊讶地发现，它们不仅可以像其他恐龙一样奔跑，还可以爬树。此处修饰名词bones，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
35．句意：在检查朝阳县发现的一种稀有新物种的骨骼时，科学家们惊讶地发现，它们不仅可以像其他恐龙一样奔跑，还可以爬树。be surprised to do sth. 固定短语，“吃惊地做某事”，故填to find。
36．句意：他们可以从骨头连接在一起的方式中看出这一点。the bones和join之间是被动关系，且根据could可知此处应用一般过去时，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were joined。
37．句意：恐龙在大约 6500 万年前迅速灭绝。die out固定短语，"灭绝，灭亡"，故填out。
38．句意：其他人认为地球太热了，恐龙不能再赖以生存了。too... to... 固定句式，"太……而不能……"，故填too。
39．句意：没有人确切知道恐龙为何以及如何在如此短的时间内从地球上消失。in a short time，固定短语，“在短时间内”，故填a。
40．句意：我们知道许多其他野生植物、动物、昆虫和鸟类最近都灭绝了。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语recently可知此处应用现在完成时，die out无被动语态，故填have died。
知识点
1.average n．平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；普通的v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[教材原句] How many elephants are killed on average every day (P14) 每天平均有多少大象被杀死
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中average的词性及含义)
①(2022·浙江1月高考)The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.__________
②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day._________
③(2020·天津高考)And I have never known an average man who had both._________
④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily._________
【词块必记】
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 平均(起来)
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)_________ average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
(2)_________average,how much time do you spend on sports activities each week
(3)It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average_________ nearly 100 articles a day.
(4)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 ℃ _________ average.
[完成句子]
(5)所有学生每周有两节体育课,每天平均跑20分钟。
All students have two PE classes a week and run for ___________ 20 minutes every day.
2.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧
[教材原句] I’m concerned about the African elephants.(P15) 我担心非洲大象。
【词块必记】
(1)concern oneself about ... 关心……
(2)show concern for ... 对……表示关心
(3)concerned adj. 担心的；关切的
be concerned about/for 对……关切的；为……担忧的
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
[名师点津]
形容词concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;作后置定语时,意为“相关的,有关的”。例如:a concerned look意为“关切的神情”;the authorities concerned意为“有关当局”。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)I bought a number of journals _________ (concern) with my subject.
(2)All cases _________ (concern) children are dealt with in a special children’s court.
(3)As far as I’m _________ (concern),you can’t ignore the fact that she is deeply concerned about your safety.
(4)Since there is always heavy fog, many people begin to concern _________(they) about air pollution.
(5)He called the police because he was concerned _________Mary's safety.
[词汇复现](替换加黑词汇)
(6)In my opinion, we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match. _________
[完成句子]
(7)(2020·浙江高考)Therefore, I am writing to you to ___________________________.
因此，我给你写这封信是为了表达我对你健康的关心。
3.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应;使适合
[教材原句] Elephants need large living spaces,so it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes.(P15) 大象需要巨大的生存空间,所以它们很难适应这些变化。
【词块必记】
(1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应于……
adapt ...to ... 使……适应……
adapt to 适合；适应
(2)adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改编本；改写本
adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted living at high altitudes.
②This play was adapted ________the book Betrayed Spring by Jack Lindsay.
③________(adapt) from J.K.Rowling’s book series of the same title,the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
④How to adapt________( you) to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
⑤On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of ________ (adapt) — not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
(2)完成句子
⑥(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)My classmates and I ________________________ our English textbook for a short play recently.
最近，我和我的同学们将一个来自英语教材的故事改编成了一部短剧。
⑦Human beings will continue to ____________________ in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
人类将会以正常的和出人意料的方式来继续适应气候变化。
4.measure vt.测量；估量；度量vi.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为n.措施；方法；尺寸
[教材原句] What measures are being taken to help them (P15) 正在采取什么措施帮助它们
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 (1)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ...to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……(2)be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
名师点津 measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，用主动形式表示被动含义。若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中measure的含义)
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them.________
②This line measures four times as long as that one.________
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. ________
④To measure the volunteers' mental ability, the scientists ask them to take the tests.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't ________ (measure) only by examination results.
⑥We should take measures ________ (protect) the environment at once.
⑦The hall was extremely big, ________ (measure) 200 metres long and 100 metres wide.
(2)完成句子
⑧Mr Smith asked the tailor to ________________________.
史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做些新衣服。
[小话题写作]
中国长江江豚的数量不足1 000只,因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。
The number of finless porpoise is less than 1,000,so I hope you can ________________________.
5.observe vt.观察(到);注视;遵守
[教材原句] This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16)这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
归纳点拨 (1)observe sb.do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
observe sb.doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
observe sb./sth.done 观察到某人/某物被……
(2)observation n. 观察；观测
名师点津 observe作“观察到；注意到”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v. ing形式作宾语补足语； 但如果用于被动语态， 省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。类似的词还有： see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have, make等。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中observe的含义)
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.________
②Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs._______
③Could you tell me how you usually observe the festival in your country？________
④Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤If we observe someone ________ (go) through a red light, we should stop him.
⑥Tom was observed ________ (enter) the bank and withdraw some money.
⑦The speed limit must ________(observe) strictly.
⑧She seemed so satisfied with her ________ (observe)．
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑨Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival in many ways.________
6.remind vt.提醒;使想起
[教材原句] I’m also reminded of the danger they are in.(P16) 我也被提醒它们所处的危险。
【词块必记】
(1)remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ... 使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 提醒物；提示
[名师点津] remind后不能接双宾语,不能说remind sb sth。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Lu Xun reminded ________(he) to get up early by inscribing the character “morning” on his desk.
鲁迅通过在他的桌子上刻了一个“早”字来提醒他自己早起。
②(2020·浙江1月高考)It reminds her ________ children don't enter life afraid to take risks or unwilling to try again when they fall down.
它提醒她，孩子们进入生活时，不要害怕冒险，也不要在摔倒时不愿意再尝试。
③I feel it is absolutely necessary for me to remind him ________ the meeting today.
我觉得绝对有必要提醒他今天要开会。
④The old photos ________(remind) me of the days I spent in the countryside.
⑤Please remind me________ (write) an e mail to my mother tomorrow, for it's her birthday.
(2)完成句子
⑥He ________________I should turn off the lights when I went out.
他提醒我出去时要关灯。
常见“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”的短语：
①inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
②rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
③warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
④convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
7.remove vt.去除;移开;脱去
[教材原句] The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015,the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.(P16)羚羊数量已经恢复,并且在2015年6月,藏羚羊从濒危物种的名单中被移除。
【词块必记】
(1)remove sth.
(2)remove sb.from the school/office勒令某人退学/辞职
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中remove的含义)
①He removed his hand from her shoulder.________
②The company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance.________
③Our office has been removed to Shanghai from Beijing________
④Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.________
⑤He removed his hat and gloves. ________
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
⑥(2020·江苏高考)About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes________ the streets and sell them out.
⑦Three workers ________ (remove) from the company for bad behaviour yesterday.
(2)完成句子
⑧My suggestionis that the column of entertainment ________________________ .
我的建议是娱乐栏目应该从报纸上去掉。
8.intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要
[教材原句] The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.(P16) 然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目,因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
【词块必记】
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended to do 为了做……
be intended for 专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做)
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The school being built at present is said __________ (intend)the disabled children.
(2)This program was set up with an _________ (intend) of providing help to homeless people.
(3)We _________ (intend) to go to the concert,but the heavy rain prevented us from going.
(4)I intended _________ (take) up a part-time job,through which I can have my horizons broadened.
[句式升级]
(5)The programme,which was intended to help the homeless,was set up.
→The programme,___________________________,was set up.(分词作定语)
[佳句背诵]
I intend joining/to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.I wonder if you’d like to go with me.
我打算参加龙舟训练营。我想知道你是否愿意和我一起参加。
9.die out灭亡;逐渐消失
[教材原句] Our planet’s species is dying out at an alarming rate.(P14) 我们地球上的物种正以惊人的速度灭绝。
【考点必记】
die of 死于……(一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等)
die from 死于……(一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等)
die off 相继死去
die away减弱;消失;渐熄
die down逐渐降低,逐渐平息
【名师点津】
(1)die的 ing形式dying也可以作形容词，意为“垂死的；临死的”；be dying to do sth.“渴望/急于做某事”；be dying for sth渴望某事,极想要某事
(2)deadly 是形容词，意为 “致命的；极度的；彻底的”；而不是dead的副词形式。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①(2020·天津高考)The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not ________ (dead)．
②Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and ________ (die), and everything else in between.
③I'm dying ________ (know) what happened.
(2)完成句子
④This species has nearly ________________ because its habitat is being destroyed.
因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。
⑤The sound of the engine ________________ as the car drove into the distance.
随着汽车向远方驶去，发动机声渐渐消失。
[佳句背诵]
In fact,half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century.
事实上,今天世界上使用的6 000到7 000种语言中,有一半很可能在下个世纪消失。
10.be aware of意识到；知道
[教材原句] We must make people aware of the problem and help save the endangered wildlife before it’s too late!(P14) 我们必须让人们意识到这个问题并在还来得及之前帮助拯救濒危野生生物!
【考点必记】
(1)aware adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的
be/become aware that ... 知道/意识到……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识
develop an awareness of ... 培养……的意识
raise/improve the awareness of ... 提高……的意识
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my ________ (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to make more new friends.
②Some activities should be carried out to make people aware ________ the importance of donating blood.
③As a member of society,I’m aware________ being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
④In conclusion, people around the world should be aware ________ the real situation of water shortage.
⑤It is important that the students develop an ________(aware) of how the Internet can be used.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑥As far as I know, seldom can a man without honesty be successful as a leader._________
⑦Through the activity, we realise the importance of carrying out a low carbon economy in our country.________
(3)完成句子
⑧As a member of society, I ________being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
作为社会的一员，我意识到负责任是创造一个更好的社会所需要的。
11.due to 由于;因为
[教材原句] It is reported that living spaces for wildlife are being reduced due to the cutting of trees.(P18) 据报道,由于砍伐树木野生动物的生存空间正在减少。
【考点必记】
(1)due adj.由于;因为;到期的;应付的;应有的,常和to连用。
(2)be due to do sth预定做某事
be due for sth预定做某事
(be) due to sb应支付/给予/归于某人
[名师点津]
当due to表示“由于;因……造成;应给予”时,其中的to是介词,并且在句中常常作表语或状语;当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时后接不定式。
【即时练】[完成句子]
(1)由于天气不好运动会推迟了。
The sports meeting was put off ______________.
(2)下一班火车预计在五分钟后抵达。
The next train ______________ in five minutes.
(3)中国女排的成功归功于全体队员的努力。
The Chinese Women Volleyball Team’s success ____________________________.
词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
(4)Many people had to move out of their living places as a result of the flood caused by the heavy rain.______________
12.“Only＋状语从句”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式
[教材原句] Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(P16) 只有学会和大自然和谐相处时,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
【考点必记】
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
(2)如果only后接状语从句,该状语从句不倒装,只对主句进行倒装。
(3)当only位于句首修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。
【即时练】(1)单句语法填空
Only after a day of friendly discussion______ Ms Garza finally say yes.
(2)完成句子
Only by practising paper cutting more ____________ the folk art.
只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能学会这门民间艺术。
Only when I left my parents for Italy ____________ how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我多么爱他们。
(3）[完成句子]
只有通过相互理解、彼此学习,我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子。
________________________ can we spend those days together happily.
只有当我离开父母去意大利时,我才意识到我多么爱他们。
Only when I left my parents for Italy ______________________________.
(4) [句式升级]
You can behave properly only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners.
→____________________________________________________________.(升级为only位于句首的倒装句)
13.This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因
[教材原句] This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16) 这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
【考点必记】
(1)This/That is why...意为“这/那就是……的原因”, why引导的是表语从句,表示结果,后面接某事物造成的结果。
(2)This is because...“这是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,用来解释原因,后面接某事造成的原因。
(3)The reason why...is/was that... “……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,修饰前面的reason,that引导表语从句。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
The former is warmer.That is _______ fish prefer shallow water to deep water.
The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was _______ his grades were too low.
(2)完成句子
Maybe ______________ we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
(2022·浙江1月高考) ______________ making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
这就是列清单在任何有关生产效率的手册中都很重要的原因。
[佳句背诵]
The scenery along the river is amazing,and that’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
长江沿岸的风景美不胜收,那就是我认为长江之行是更好的选择的原因。
1. average [用法感知] 答案: ①adj.平均的 ②n.平均数 ③adj.普通的 ④v.平均为
【即时练】(1)An (2)On(3)of(4)above(5) an average of
2. concern【即时练】答案:(1)concerned(2) concerning(3) concerned (4)themselves (5) for/about (6)As far as I'm concerned(7) show my concern for your health
3.adapt【即时练】 答案: (1)to，from，Adapted, yourself,adaptation,(2)have adapted a story from ,adapt to the changing climate
4. measure 【语境巧练】①措施 ②量度为 ③尺寸 ④测量 ⑤be measured⑥ to protect⑦measuring⑧make some new clothes to his own measure [小话题写作] take some effective measures to protect them
5.observe 【即时练】答案: ①注意到,②遵守,③庆祝 ,④观察,⑤going ⑥ to enter⑦ be observed⑧ observation⑨observe
6. remind【即时练】答案: (1)himself, that, of, reminded, to write (2)eminded me that
7. remove 【即时练】答案: ①拿开,②开除；免职③搬迁④去除⑤摘掉⑥from ⑦were removed⑧(should) be removed from the newspaper
8. intend 【即时练】答案: (1) to be intended (2) intention(3) had intended (4)to take/taking (5) intended to help the homeless
9.答案:①deadly②death③to know④died out⑤died away
10.答案: ①awareness②of ③ that④of ⑤awareness⑥As far as I'm aware⑦are aware of ⑧am aware that
11.答案: (1)due to the bad weather(2)is due(3) is due to all the members’ efforts (4)due to
12.答案: (1) did(2)can you learn， did I realize(3）Only by understanding and learning from each other，did I realize how much I loved them（4）Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can you behave properly.
13. 答案:(1)why, that(2) it's because,This is why
语法点
Grammar 现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。
[观察例句]
1．African elephants are being hunted.
2．What is being done to help them
3．What measures are being taken to help them
4．I am working at home today because my office is being painted.
[归纳用法]
一、现在进行时的被动语态的构成
be(am/is/are)＋ being＋ done
The bridge is being built across the river this month.
这个月人们正在建造横跨这条河的桥。
二、现在进行时的被动语态的结构
肯定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋being done
否定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋not＋ being done
一般疑问句 be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest
为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正在被训练？
三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作，句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
A new film is being shown in the theatre now.Let's go to see it.
电影院里正在上映新电影呢，咱们去看吧。
2．表示现阶段正被进行的动作，但此动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。
—Could I use your car please
—Mine is being repaired by the workers.
——我能用你的车吗？
——我的车正在被工人们修着。
3．表示一种经常性的被动行为，常和always，constantly，frequently等表示频率的副词连用，这种用法常常带有说话者的赞扬或厌恶的感彩。
I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop are always being stolen.
我感到很迷惑，我们商店的商品老是被偷。
4．表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作。
A party is being held tonight.
今晚将要举行一场晚会。
5．与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.
此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。
[即学即练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The little boy has made rapid progress recently and is always being praised(praise)by his teachers.
②The plan to explore the South Pole is being made(make)these days.
③The question about where the factory is going to be built is being discussed(discuss)at the moment.
四、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1．不可遗漏being
现在进行时的被动语态中，be为第一助动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。此结构若缺少being，则就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。试比较：
The report is being written by the best student.报告正在由一名最好的学生写着。
The report is well written.这份报告写得很好。(系表结构)
2．不可遗漏介词
take care of，look after，talk about，think of等动词短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。
Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姨妈照看着。
3．没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词
非延续性动词、表示存在意义、所属关系、静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
The book belongs to him.这本书是他的。
4．“be(am/is/are)＋under/in＋n.” 结构有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。
The bridge is in use.
＝The bridge is being used.这座桥正在使用。
单句语法填空
1. Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there ________________ (address).
2. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students ________________ (hire) now in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service.
3. You must keep these points in mind while your goals ________________ (set).
4. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while oxygen ________________ (give) off.
5. My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
6. My sister ________________ (interview) at this moment.
7. Look! The man ________________ (question) by the police.
8. There is a lot of noise outside as repair work ________________ (do) to the house.
9. We can hear that the papers ________________ (print) these days.
10. Can I use your car Mine ________________ (repair).
1 is being addressed 2 are being hired 3 are being set 4 is being given 5 is being repaired 6 is being interviewed 7 is being questioned 8 is being done 9 are being printed 10 is being repaired
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第二册Unit 2知识清单
重 点 单 词 1. n. 平均数;平均水平 adj. 平均的;正常的;普通的 2. vt. 提醒;使想起 3. n.措施;方法 vt. 测量;度量;估量 4. n.&v. 攻击;抨击 5. adj. 由于;因为 6.shoot vt.&vi. 射杀;射伤;发射→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 7.stir vt. 激发;搅动→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 8. adj. 大量的;广泛的 n. 大量;堆;群 9. n. 物种 10. adj. 居住的;活的;在用的 n. 生活;生计 11. n. 利润;利益 12. n. 商品;货物 13. n. 生物;动物 14. n. 鹿→(pl.) 15.skin n. 16.poster n. 17.plain n. adj. 18.neighbourhood n. 19.insect n. adj. n.(=Internet) 21.habitat n. 22.authority n.
词 汇 拓 展 1.concern vt. 涉及;让……担忧→ adj. 担心的;关切的→ prep. 关于 2.aware adj. 知道;发觉;有……意识的→(反) adj. 不知道的;没意识的→ n. 意识 3.reserve n. (动植物)保护区;储藏(量) vt. 预定;预留;保留→ n. 预定;保留 4.intend vt.&vi. 打算;计划;想要→ n. 打算;目的;意图 5.exist vi. 存在;生存→ n. 存在;生存→ adj. 现有的;现存的 6.observe vt. 观察(到);注意;遵守→ n. 观察 7.remove vt. 去除;移开;脱去→ n. 移动;去除;免职;开除 8.adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应;使适合→ n. 适应;改编本→ adj. 能适应的 9.recover vi. 恢复;康复 vt. 找回;寻回→ n.恢复 10. vt. 使遭受危险;危害→danger n. 危险→endangered adj. 濒危的→ adj. 危险的 11.reduce vt. 减少→ n. 减少 12.alarm vt. 使惊恐;使害怕;使担心 n. 恐慌;警报;警报器→ adj. 惊人的;使惊恐的→ adj. 惊慌的 13.immediately adv. 立刻→ adj. 立刻的 14. n. 漂亮→beautiful adj. 漂亮的→ vt. 美化 15.threat n. 威胁→ vt. 威胁;危及→ adj. 威胁的;恐吓的 16. n. 压力;要求→press v. 压,按 17.harmony n. 和谐;融洽→ adj. 和谐的→harmoniously adv. 和谐地 18.emotion n. 感情;情感;情绪→ adj. 情绪化的 19. adj. 不寻常的;特别的→(反) usual adj. 平常的→ adv. 平常地 20. adj. 非法的;不合法的→ adv. 非法地;不合法地→(反) legal adj. 合法的→ adv. 合法地 21.extinct adj. 已灭绝的→ n. 灭绝 22.rate n. 速度;(比)率 vt. 划分等级→ n. 等级;级别 23.hunt vt.&vi. 打猎;搜寻;追捕→ n. 打猎→ n. 猎人
重 点 短 语 1．_________________ (放在疑问词之后表示强调)究竟；到底 2．_________________灭亡；逐渐消失 3．_________________意识到；知道 4．_________________平均 5．_________________对……关切的；为……担忧的 6．_________________适应 7．_________________在压力下；承受压力 8．_________________看清；听清；分清 9．_________________使某人想起(类似的人或物) 10．_________________保护；照管；监督 11．_________________日日夜夜；夜以继日 12．_________________由于；因为 13．_________________搜索；查找 14．_________________激起
重 点 句 型 1．_________________—to observe Tibetan antelopes. 这就是我们来到此地的原因——观察藏羚羊。 2．___________________________________________________ stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 3．__________________________________，all species—the good，the bad，and the ugly—should be treated equally. 谈到野生动植物保护，所有的物种——好的、坏的、丑的——都应该得到平等地对待。 4．Is it right to make animals homeless __________________________________ 为了让人类有更多的纸张，使得动物无家可归，这样做对吗？ 5．That is __________________________________.那是动物们真正最需要的。
课文语法填空
Many animals have disappeared during the history of the earth. The 31． (famous) of these animals are dinosaurs. They lived on the earth 32． (ten) of millions of years ago, long before humans came into 33． (be). There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them have been found in China. When inspecting 34． (they) bones of a rare new species discovered in Chaoyang County, the scientists were surprised 35． (find) they could not only run like other dinosaurs, but also climb trees. They could tell this from the way the bones 36． (join) together.
Dinosaurs died 37． quickly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it came after a large rock hit the earth. Others think the earth got 38． hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more. Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such 39． short time. We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds 40． (die) out more recently.
知识点
1.average n．平均数；平均水平adj.平均的；正常的；普通的v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[教材原句] How many elephants are killed on average every day (P14) 每天平均有多少大象被杀死
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中average的词性及含义)
①(2022·浙江1月高考)The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.__________
②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day._________
③(2020·天津高考)And I have never known an average man who had both._________
④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily._________
【词块必记】
an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 平均(起来)
above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)_________ average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year,making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
(2)_________average,how much time do you spend on sports activities each week
(3)It’s said that the newspaper office receives an average_________ nearly 100 articles a day.
(4)Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 ℃ _________ average.
[完成句子]
(5)所有学生每周有两节体育课,每天平均跑20分钟。
All students have two PE classes a week and run for ___________ 20 minutes every day.
2.concern vt.涉及;让……担忧
[教材原句] I’m concerned about the African elephants.(P15) 我担心非洲大象。
【词块必记】
(1)concern oneself about ... 关心……
(2)show concern for ... 对……表示关心
(3)concerned adj. 担心的；关切的
be concerned about/for 对……关切的；为……担忧的
as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言
[名师点津]
形容词concerned作前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;作后置定语时,意为“相关的,有关的”。例如:a concerned look意为“关切的神情”;the authorities concerned意为“有关当局”。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)I bought a number of journals _________ (concern) with my subject.
(2)All cases _________ (concern) children are dealt with in a special children’s court.
(3)As far as I’m _________ (concern),you can’t ignore the fact that she is deeply concerned about your safety.
(4)Since there is always heavy fog, many people begin to concern _________(they) about air pollution.
(5)He called the police because he was concerned _________Mary's safety.
[词汇复现](替换加黑词汇)
(6)In my opinion, we must get fully prepared and practice hard in order to perform well in the match. _________
[完成句子]
(7)(2020·浙江高考)Therefore, I am writing to you to ___________________________.
因此，我给你写这封信是为了表达我对你健康的关心。
3.adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应;使适合
[教材原句] Elephants need large living spaces,so it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes.(P15) 大象需要巨大的生存空间,所以它们很难适应这些变化。
【词块必记】
(1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应于……
adapt ...to ... 使……适应……
adapt to 适合；适应
(2)adapt sth.from 根据……改编某物
be adapted for 为……而改写/改编
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改编本；改写本
adaptable adj. 有适应能力的，能适应的
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted living at high altitudes.
②This play was adapted ________the book Betrayed Spring by Jack Lindsay.
③________(adapt) from J.K.Rowling’s book series of the same title,the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
④How to adapt________( you) to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.
⑤On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of ________ (adapt) — not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
(2)完成句子
⑥(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)My classmates and I ________________________ our English textbook for a short play recently.
最近，我和我的同学们将一个来自英语教材的故事改编成了一部短剧。
⑦Human beings will continue to ____________________ in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
人类将会以正常的和出人意料的方式来继续适应气候变化。
4.measure vt.测量；估量；度量vi.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为n.措施；方法；尺寸
[教材原句] What measures are being taken to help them (P15) 正在采取什么措施帮助它们
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 (1)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ...to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……(2)be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
名师点津 measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，用主动形式表示被动含义。若表示此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中measure的含义)
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them.________
②This line measures four times as long as that one.________
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. ________
④To measure the volunteers' mental ability, the scientists ask them to take the tests.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't ________ (measure) only by examination results.
⑥We should take measures ________ (protect) the environment at once.
⑦The hall was extremely big, ________ (measure) 200 metres long and 100 metres wide.
(2)完成句子
⑧Mr Smith asked the tailor to ________________________.
史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做些新衣服。
[小话题写作]
中国长江江豚的数量不足1 000只,因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。
The number of finless porpoise is less than 1,000,so I hope you can ________________________.
5.observe vt.观察(到);注视;遵守
[教材原句] This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16)这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
归纳点拨 (1)observe sb.do sth. 观察到某人做了某事
observe sb.doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事
observe sb./sth.done 观察到某人/某物被……
(2)observation n. 观察；观测
名师点津 observe作“观察到；注意到”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v. ing形式作宾语补足语； 但如果用于被动语态， 省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。类似的词还有： see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have, make等。
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中observe的含义)
①We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.________
②Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs._______
③Could you tell me how you usually observe the festival in your country？________
④Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.________
(1)单句语法填空
⑤If we observe someone ________ (go) through a red light, we should stop him.
⑥Tom was observed ________ (enter) the bank and withdraw some money.
⑦The speed limit must ________(observe) strictly.
⑧She seemed so satisfied with her ________ (observe)．
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑨Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival in many ways.________
6.remind vt.提醒;使想起
[教材原句] I’m also reminded of the danger they are in.(P16) 我也被提醒它们所处的危险。
【词块必记】
(1)remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ... 使某人想起……
(2)reminder n. 提醒物；提示
[名师点津] remind后不能接双宾语,不能说remind sb sth。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Lu Xun reminded ________(he) to get up early by inscribing the character “morning” on his desk.
鲁迅通过在他的桌子上刻了一个“早”字来提醒他自己早起。
②(2020·浙江1月高考)It reminds her ________ children don't enter life afraid to take risks or unwilling to try again when they fall down.
它提醒她，孩子们进入生活时，不要害怕冒险，也不要在摔倒时不愿意再尝试。
③I feel it is absolutely necessary for me to remind him ________ the meeting today.
我觉得绝对有必要提醒他今天要开会。
④The old photos ________(remind) me of the days I spent in the countryside.
⑤Please remind me________ (write) an e mail to my mother tomorrow, for it's her birthday.
(2)完成句子
⑥He ________________I should turn off the lights when I went out.
他提醒我出去时要关灯。
常见“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”的短语：
①inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
②rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
③warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事
④convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
7.remove vt.去除;移开;脱去
[教材原句] The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015,the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.(P16)羚羊数量已经恢复,并且在2015年6月,藏羚羊从濒危物种的名单中被移除。
【词块必记】
(1)remove sth.
(2)remove sb.from the school/office勒令某人退学/辞职
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
【即时练】
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中remove的含义)
①He removed his hand from her shoulder.________
②The company has removed the manager from his post due to his poor performance.________
③Our office has been removed to Shanghai from Beijing________
④Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.________
⑤He removed his hat and gloves. ________
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
⑥(2020·江苏高考)About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes________ the streets and sell them out.
⑦Three workers ________ (remove) from the company for bad behaviour yesterday.
(2)完成句子
⑧My suggestionis that the column of entertainment ________________________ .
我的建议是娱乐栏目应该从报纸上去掉。
8.intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要
[教材原句] The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.(P16) 然而,政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目,因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
【词块必记】
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended to do 为了做……
be intended for 专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事(但没有做)
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)The school being built at present is said __________ (intend)the disabled children.
(2)This program was set up with an _________ (intend) of providing help to homeless people.
(3)We _________ (intend) to go to the concert,but the heavy rain prevented us from going.
(4)I intended _________ (take) up a part-time job,through which I can have my horizons broadened.
[句式升级]
(5)The programme,which was intended to help the homeless,was set up.
→The programme,___________________________,was set up.(分词作定语)
[佳句背诵]
I intend joining/to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.I wonder if you’d like to go with me.
我打算参加龙舟训练营。我想知道你是否愿意和我一起参加。
9.die out灭亡;逐渐消失
[教材原句] Our planet’s species is dying out at an alarming rate.(P14) 我们地球上的物种正以惊人的速度灭绝。
【考点必记】
die of 死于……(一般指死于内因，如疾病、饥饿、情感原因等)
die from 死于……(一般指死于外因，如外伤、车祸、污染等)
die off 相继死去
die away减弱;消失;渐熄
die down逐渐降低,逐渐平息
【名师点津】
(1)die的 ing形式dying也可以作形容词，意为“垂死的；临死的”；be dying to do sth.“渴望/急于做某事”；be dying for sth渴望某事,极想要某事
(2)deadly 是形容词，意为 “致命的；极度的；彻底的”；而不是dead的副词形式。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①(2020·天津高考)The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not ________ (dead)．
②Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and ________ (die), and everything else in between.
③I'm dying ________ (know) what happened.
(2)完成句子
④This species has nearly ________________ because its habitat is being destroyed.
因栖息地正受到破坏，这一物种已濒临灭绝。
⑤The sound of the engine ________________ as the car drove into the distance.
随着汽车向远方驶去，发动机声渐渐消失。
[佳句背诵]
In fact,half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century.
事实上,今天世界上使用的6 000到7 000种语言中,有一半很可能在下个世纪消失。
10.be aware of意识到；知道
[教材原句] We must make people aware of the problem and help save the endangered wildlife before it’s too late!(P14) 我们必须让人们意识到这个问题并在还来得及之前帮助拯救濒危野生生物!
【考点必记】
(1)aware adj. 知道；发觉；有……意识的
be/become aware that ... 知道/意识到……
as far as I'm aware 据我所知
(2)awareness n. 意识；认识
develop an awareness of ... 培养……的意识
raise/improve the awareness of ... 提高……的意识
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①Learning English not only increases my ________ (aware) of foreign cultures but also helps me to make more new friends.
②Some activities should be carried out to make people aware ________ the importance of donating blood.
③As a member of society,I’m aware________ being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
④In conclusion, people around the world should be aware ________ the real situation of water shortage.
⑤It is important that the students develop an ________(aware) of how the Internet can be used.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑥As far as I know, seldom can a man without honesty be successful as a leader._________
⑦Through the activity, we realise the importance of carrying out a low carbon economy in our country.________
(3)完成句子
⑧As a member of society, I ________being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
作为社会的一员，我意识到负责任是创造一个更好的社会所需要的。
11.due to 由于;因为
[教材原句] It is reported that living spaces for wildlife are being reduced due to the cutting of trees.(P18) 据报道,由于砍伐树木野生动物的生存空间正在减少。
【考点必记】
(1)due adj.由于;因为;到期的;应付的;应有的,常和to连用。
(2)be due to do sth预定做某事
be due for sth预定做某事
(be) due to sb应支付/给予/归于某人
[名师点津]
当due to表示“由于;因……造成;应给予”时,其中的to是介词,并且在句中常常作表语或状语;当due to意为“即将/预期做……”时后接不定式。
【即时练】[完成句子]
(1)由于天气不好运动会推迟了。
The sports meeting was put off ______________.
(2)下一班火车预计在五分钟后抵达。
The next train ______________ in five minutes.
(3)中国女排的成功归功于全体队员的努力。
The Chinese Women Volleyball Team’s success ____________________________.
词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
(4)Many people had to move out of their living places as a result of the flood caused by the heavy rain.______________
12.“Only＋状语从句”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装形式
[教材原句] Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.(P16) 只有学会和大自然和谐相处时,我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
【考点必记】
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。
(2)如果only后接状语从句,该状语从句不倒装,只对主句进行倒装。
(3)当only位于句首修饰主语时,句子不用倒装。
【即时练】(1)单句语法填空
Only after a day of friendly discussion______ Ms Garza finally say yes.
(2)完成句子
Only by practising paper cutting more ____________ the folk art.
只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能学会这门民间艺术。
Only when I left my parents for Italy ____________ how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我多么爱他们。
(3）[完成句子]
只有通过相互理解、彼此学习,我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子。
________________________ can we spend those days together happily.
只有当我离开父母去意大利时,我才意识到我多么爱他们。
Only when I left my parents for Italy ______________________________.
(4) [句式升级]
You can behave properly only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners.
→____________________________________________________________.(升级为only位于句首的倒装句)
13.This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因
[教材原句] This is why we’re here — to observe Tibetan antelopes.(P16) 这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
【考点必记】
(1)This/That is why...意为“这/那就是……的原因”, why引导的是表语从句,表示结果,后面接某事物造成的结果。
(2)This is because...“这是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,用来解释原因,后面接某事造成的原因。
(3)The reason why...is/was that... “……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,修饰前面的reason,that引导表语从句。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
The former is warmer.That is _______ fish prefer shallow water to deep water.
The reason why he wasn't admitted into a key university was _______ his grades were too low.
(2)完成句子
Maybe ______________ we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
(2022·浙江1月高考) ______________ making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
这就是列清单在任何有关生产效率的手册中都很重要的原因。
[佳句背诵]
The scenery along the river is amazing,and that’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.
长江沿岸的风景美不胜收,那就是我认为长江之行是更好的选择的原因。
语法点
Grammar 现在进行时的被动语态
现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。
[观察例句]
1．African elephants are being hunted.
2．What is being done to help them
3．What measures are being taken to help them
4．I am working at home today because my office is being painted.
[归纳用法]
一、现在进行时的被动语态的构成
be(am/is/are)＋ being＋ done
The bridge is being built across the river this month.
这个月人们正在建造横跨这条河的桥。
二、现在进行时的被动语态的结构
肯定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋being done
否定句 主语＋be(am/is/are)＋not＋ being done
一般疑问句 be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋be(am/is/are)＋主语＋being done
It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.
据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
Who is being trained for the coming English speech contest
为了即将举行的英语演讲比赛，谁正在被训练？
三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作，句中常用now，at the moment等时间状语。
A new film is being shown in the theatre now.Let's go to see it.
电影院里正在上映新电影呢，咱们去看吧。
2．表示现阶段正被进行的动作，但此动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。
—Could I use your car please
—Mine is being repaired by the workers.
——我能用你的车吗？
——我的车正在被工人们修着。
3．表示一种经常性的被动行为，常和always，constantly，frequently等表示频率的副词连用，这种用法常常带有说话者的赞扬或厌恶的感彩。
I feel very puzzled that the goods in our shop are always being stolen.
我感到很迷惑，我们商店的商品老是被偷。
4．表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作。
A party is being held tonight.
今晚将要举行一场晚会。
5．与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment.
此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。
[即学即练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The little boy has made rapid progress recently and is always being praised(praise)by his teachers.
②The plan to explore the South Pole is being made(make)these days.
③The question about where the factory is going to be built is being discussed(discuss)at the moment.
四、使用现在进行时的被动语态应注意的问题
1．不可遗漏being
现在进行时的被动语态中，be为第一助动词，being为第二助动词，缺一不可，且位置不可互换。此结构若缺少being，则就成为一般现在时的被动语态或系表结构。试比较：
The report is being written by the best student.报告正在由一名最好的学生写着。
The report is well written.这份报告写得很好。(系表结构)
2．不可遗漏介词
take care of，look after，talk about，think of等动词短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时，其中的介词不可省略。
Look！The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧！那些孩子正由他们的姨妈照看着。
3．没有现在进行时的被动语态的动词
非延续性动词、表示存在意义、所属关系、静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
The book belongs to him.这本书是他的。
4．“be(am/is/are)＋under/in＋n.” 结构有时可相当于现在进行时的被动语态。
The bridge is in use.
＝The bridge is being used.这座桥正在使用。
单句语法填空
1. Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there ________________ (address).
2. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students ________________ (hire) now in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service.
3. You must keep these points in mind while your goals ________________ (set).
4. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while oxygen ________________ (give) off.
5. My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
6. My sister ________________ (interview) at this moment.
7. Look! The man ________________ (question) by the police.
8. There is a lot of noise outside as repair work ________________ (do) to the house.
9. We can hear that the papers ________________ (print) these days.
10. Can I use your car Mine ________________ (repair).
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