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新人教版必修第二册Unit 4知识清单
重 点 单 词 1. n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电 2. n. 方法;途径;接近 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近 3. n. 战役;搏斗 vi.&vt. 搏斗;奋斗 4. n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 5. n. 位置;姿态;职位 6. vt. 保证;确保;担保 7. adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n.首领;上司→(pl.) 8. n. 数量;金额 9. vt. 占领;征服;控制 10. n. 盛宴;宴会;节日 11. vi.&vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴);翻滚 12. n. 牛(总称,用作复数) 13. n. 港口(城市) 14. adj. 附近的;邻近的 adv. 在附近 15. n. 大海;海洋 16. vi.&n. 吼叫;咆哮 17.philosophy n. 18.landscape n. 19.honey n. 20.snack n. 21.gallery n. 22.military adj. 23.butter n. vt. 24.county n. 25.wine n. 26.pub n.
词 汇 拓 展 1.belong vi. 应在(某处);适应→ n. 归属→ n. 所有物;财产 2.puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt. 迷惑;使困惑→ adj. 困惑的;迷惑的→ adj. 令人困惑的 3.surround vt. 围绕;包围→ adj. 周围的→ n. 周围的事物;环境 4.eager adj. 热切的;渴望的→ adv. 急切地;热心地→ n. 热切;渴望 5. n. 防御;保卫→defend vt.&vi. 防护;防御;保卫→ adj. 防御的;保护的;保卫的 6.announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称→ n. 通告;布告;宣布;宣告 7. adj. 引人注目的;显著的→strike vt. 给(某人以……)印象;让(某人)觉得 8.crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使……拥挤→ adj. 拥挤的 9.greet vt. 问候;迎接→ n. 问候;招呼;迎接 10. n. 成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt. 取得;达到 11. n. 地方;地点;位置→locate vt. 找出……的位置;把……设置在→ adj. 坐落于;位于 12.legal adj. 法律的;合法的→legally adv. 合法地→(反) adj. 不合法的;违法的 13.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→ n. 慷慨;大方 14. adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的→ adj. 被迷住的→fascinate vt.&vi. (使)着迷;(使)迷住 15.individual adj. 单独的;个别的→ adv. 逐个地;作为个人;单独地 16. n. 证据;证明→evident adj. 明显的→ adv. 明显地 17.sensory adj. 感觉的;感官的→ n. 感官;理智;心智→ adj. 不明智的;无意义的→ adj. 明智的→ adj. 善解人意的;敏感的 18.poet n. 诗人→ n. 诗→ n. 诗歌
重 点 短 语 1．__________________把……和……连接或联结起来 2．__________________脱离；背叛；逃脱 3．__________________属于 4．__________________同(一样也)；和；还 5．__________________留心；留意
重 点 句 型 1．They use the same flag，__________________the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。 2．They__________________all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 3．Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，____________________________________. 它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。 4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，____________________________________. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 5．With all this beauty，__________________ Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. 乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
课文语法填空
The United Kingdom has several names and many people 1． （confuse) by them. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later,the country Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland joined the country 2． （form) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
3． （final) , in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the United Kingdom, 4． resulted in the full name today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The four countries 5． (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, 6． (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However,there are some 7． （different)between them.
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you learn more about the country and its traditions. Wherever you go in the UK,you are surrounded 8． evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
The first group, the Romans, came in 9． first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary. The last group were the Normans. They had castles 10． (build) all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
知识点
1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应
[教材原句] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(P40) 属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 belong to 属于；是……的一员 belonging n. 归属感 belongings n. (pl.) 所有物；财物
名师点津 belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
①(柯林斯词典)While the two are only days apart in age they seem to belong ________ wholly different generations.
②(2021·全国甲卷)Children need a sense of ________ (belong)．
③(牛津高阶)People slowly gathered their ________ (belong) and left the hall.
④(2020·天津5月高考)Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural ________ , which is something that studying your roots and being open minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
[完成句子]
⑤任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。
Anyone has no right to take the land________________ as their own.
⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must_______________ .
如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身伙伴一定得在同一个健身房。
[句式升级]
⑦As is known to us,China is a country which belongs to developing countries.
→As is known to us,China is a country ___________________.
2.surround vt.围绕;包围
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(P40) 你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
②Our school is beautiful. Our teaching building is surrounded with trees and flowers.
我们学校环境优美。教学楼被花草树木簇拥着。
【考点必记】
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
surroundings n.周围的事物;环境
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)The surrounding (surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
(2)Surrounded (surround) by a group of young people,the old man felt happy.
(3)They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded surroundings (surround) of the town.
(4)Looking around,I found myself surrounded (surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.
(5)The butterfly shaped Wuzhizhou Island is located in Sanya's Haitang Bay and is surrounded ________ clean waters and stunning (迷人的) scenery.
[小情境写作]
(6)从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。
Once upon a time,a king who was polite to ___________________________________________.
3.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
[教材原句] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.(P42) 朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场,在那里我们能给我们的车充电。
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)The universe is not in the charge of you, but you are in charge of yourself.
你主宰不了宇宙，但你可以主宰你自己。
②(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
您新换的卡将被免费提供。
③Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.
挑战自己，为自己的职业发展负责。
【词块必记】
(1)charge sb money for sth因某事向某人收费
charge sb with(doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth控告某人(做)某事
(2)free of charge(=for free)免费
take charge of...接管/负责……
in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)
in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)
[名师点津]
charge表示“控告”时,要用charge sb with sth,而accuse表达相同意义时,则应用accuse sb of sth。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④—I wonder how much you charge_____ your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs D|S30.
⑤The man who was in charge_____ the shop was charged with selling fakes.
(2)完成句子/一句多译
⑥The police ______________ stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
⑦下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
I'll ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝I'll be ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝The whole factory will be ______________ me next week when the director is away.
4.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
[教材原句] When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.(P42) 最后,当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时,我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。
【词块必记】
(1)announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that...据宣布……
announce that...宣布……;通知……
(2)announcement n.公告;发表;宣告;通告
make an announcement发布通告
announcer n.播音员,广播员
[名师点津] 动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①The announcer made an_________ (announce) that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library. Share library _________ (announce)s on your social media.
③It _________ (announce) that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.
[高考情境写作]
④他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来,整个旅行也会在线分享。
He said the lucky woman who got the ticket __________________ and the trip will be shared online.
⑤One day with a basket of vegetables, he __________________ he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
5.amount n.金额;数量
[教材原句] We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.(P42) 在国家美术馆入口处,大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。
归纳点拨 (1)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(2)“huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
联想发散 表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a lot of等。①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词；a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；②a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
【即时练】
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took ______________ food.
这个演员的胖瘦两种版本都吃了大量的食物。
②Modern computers can organize large amounts_________ data very quickly.
③Large amounts of money _________( spend) on the bridge.
④For example, there _________ (be) huge amounts of information which I am often confused to choose from.
⑤An increasing amount of organic produce_________ (be) to be found on supermarket shelves.
6.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
[教材原句] It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.(P42) 因为周围人太多了,所以很难靠近画。
[用法感知]
①(2020·浙江高考)What's more, with the College Entrance Examination approaching , we are making full preparations for it.
更重要的是，随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
她还接近牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。
③A pair of large stone lions preside massively over the approach to the Summer Palace.
一对大型石狮巍然耸立在颐和园的入口处。
[归纳点拨]
(1)approach sb./sth. 接近/靠近某人/某物 (2)at the approach of ...(＝with＋n.＋approaching) 在快到……的时候 an/the approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径/……的入口
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach _________ the low carbon life.
⑤She brainstormed the possible _________ (approach) she might take.
⑥_________ the approach of the College Entrance Examination, some students stay up late to study.
(2) 词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦With the time for graduation approaching, we are busy with our papers. _________
[佳句背诵]
With Teachers’ Day approaching,our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近,我们班决定改变方式,举行一次聚会来庆祝今年的这个重要的节日。
7.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
[教材原句] I was eager to see that...(P43) 我急切地想看到……
考点必记
(1)be eager for...急于得到……
be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager that...热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
(2)eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地;热心地
eagerness n.渴望;热心
with eagerness热切地
【即时练】
单句语法填空
She is eager__________(succeed).
(2020·浙江1月高考)If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by e mail.
The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager_________ knowledge and eager_________(make) progress.
词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
(4)We are eager to see your wonderful performances.__________________
8.break away(from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱
[教材原句] Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(P40) 最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,导致了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【词块必记】
break into强行闯入;忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)
break off断开;停顿;中断
break in强行进入;打断;插嘴
break out(战争等)突然发生,爆发
break up分解;打碎;破裂;分手
break down发生故障;垮掉;失败;失控崩溃
【即时练】
[用break的相关短语填空]
(1)She is trying to ____________ the bad habit,which makes her parents happy.
(2)As the President’s car arrived,the crowd ____________ loud applause.
(3)When the news came that the war ____________,he decided to serve in the army.
(4)Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers ____________.
[完成句子]
(5)(2021·浙江6月高考)The truck my dad drove often _______________, which made my dad in trouble.
我父亲驾驶的汽车常在路上出故障，这使我父亲陷入麻烦。
9.as well as同(一样也);和;还
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.(P40) 它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。
[归纳点拨]
(1)as well as常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；
(2)as well“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1)The basketball coach,as well as his team,___________ (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
(2)As well as___________ (write) stories,I love reading and listening to music.
③The teacher as well as his students ___________ ( interest) in the film.
④Many students as well as Tom ___________ (be) present at the meeting.
(2)完成句子
⑤I can speak fluent English and_____________________ .
我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。
⑥You will always have the bad ______________________ .
人生在世总是有苦有甜。
10.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意(教材P41)
【即时练】 单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)I hope I never set eyes ________ this place again!
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead of tying him up, I just kept ________ close eye on him.
单句表达
③(剑桥高阶)突然的一动引起了我的注意。
A sudden movement ________________．
④(柯林斯词典)我要求巡逻骑警密切注意。
I ask the mounted patrol to __________________________．
11.if any如果有的话
[教材原句] So what is the difference between them,if any (P40) 那么如果有区别的话,那区别是什么呢
(1)句中的if any是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any 为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”， if 用作连词。 ①Please let me know how many are coming, if any. 如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少。 (2)if not“如果不这样的话”。 ②Are you pressed for time If not, I suggest we have lunch. 你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。 (3)if so“如果这样的话”。 ③(2020·天津7月高考)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library？If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。 (4)if ever“如果曾经有的话”。 ④She seldom, if ever, goes to the theatre. 如果曾经有的话，她也很少去看戏。 (5)if necessary“如果有必要的话”。 ⑤If necessary, you might call to ask for a break. 如果有必要，你可以打电话请假。 (6)if possible“如果有可能的话”。 ⑥If possible, often tell her your feelings about the things around you. 如果可能的话，经常告诉她你对周围事物的感受。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)下周你会有一个晚上有空吗 如果有,让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
Will you get a free evening next week ___________,let’s have a dinner.
(2)大家感到冷吗 如果不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。
Is everybody feeling cold ___________,let’s open the window.
(3)如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。
___________,you can turn to me for help.
(4)试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有,请说出来。
Please try to find out the differences between the two words.___________,speak it out.
12.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
[教材原句] The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【词块必记】
with复合结构的常见形式：
with
【即时练】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign ________(praise) the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”
②With a great weight ________(take) off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
③With a lot of work________( do), she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
④The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog________ (follow) them.
⑤With many brightly coloured flowers________(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
⑥With so many things ________(consider), we haven't decided on the final plan yet.
语法点
Grammar 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加 ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Before the show，hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Come and read the poem written by an eight year old boy!
3．I felt myself often confused at first.
4．She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pot never boils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
形式 语态 时态
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
done 被动的动作已经完成
being done 被动的动作正在发生
to be done 被动的动作将要发生
The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。
All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等。
I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。
Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。
The teacher doesn't wish such questions (to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
have还可用于have sth. to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
单句语法填空
1. They make great gifts and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2. The 80, 000 objects __________ (collect) by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
3. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
4. China’s image is improving steadily, with its role __________ (recognize) by more countries in international affairs.
5. Data __________ (collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
6. Earth Day, __________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environment protection.
7. What does the __________ (underline) word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean
8. Chris and Tim work in a zoo, helping __________ (endanger) cranes with their reproduction.
9. This led to a(n) __________ (unexpect) consequence, though she had a wonderful time there.
10. Book from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother __________ (taken) good care of at home.
11. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________ (wash).
12. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues __________ (amuse) with her stories.
13. With the problem __________ (solve), the quality has been improved.
14. The boss wouldn’t like the topic __________ (discuss) at the meeting.
15. He walked into the room quietly in order not make himself __________ (notice).
16. The villagers saw the fire __________ (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses __________ (burn) to the ground already.
17. I found myself __________ (lose) and couldn’t sense the right direction.
18. The story __________ (write) by a middle school student is popular in schools.
19. Even though it is still summer, there are many __________ (fall) leaves on the ground.
20. With many brightly colored flowers __________ (plant) around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.
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新人教版必修第二册Unit 4知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.charge n. 收费;指控;主管 vt. 收费;控告;充电 2.approach n. 方法;途径;接近 vt. 接近;接洽;着手处理 vi. 靠近 3.battle n. 战役;搏斗 vi.&vt. 搏斗;奋斗 4.custom n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 5.position n. 位置;姿态;职位 6.ensure vt. 保证;确保;担保 7.chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n.首领;上司→(pl.) chiefs 8.amount n. 数量;金额 9.conquer vt. 占领;征服;控制 10.feast n. 盛宴;宴会;节日 11.roll vi.&vt. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动 n. 卷(轴);翻滚 12.cattle n. 牛(总称,用作复数) 13.port n. 港口(城市) 14.nearby adj. 附近的;邻近的 adv. 在附近 15.ocean n. 大海;海洋 16.roar vi.&n. 吼叫;咆哮 17.philosophy n. 哲学 18.landscape n. (陆上,尤指乡村的)风景 19.honey n. 蜂蜜 20.snack n. 点心;小吃 21.gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆;画廊 22.military adj. 军事的;军用的 23.butter n. 黄油;奶油 vt. 涂黄油于 24.county n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡;(美国的)县 25.wine n. 葡萄酒;果酒 26.pub n. 酒吧;酒馆
词 汇 拓 展 1.belong vi. 应在(某处);适应→belonging n. 归属→belongings n. 所有物;财产 2.puzzle n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问 vt. 迷惑;使困惑→puzzled adj. 困惑的;迷惑的→puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 3.surround vt. 围绕;包围→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围的事物;环境 4.eager adj. 热切的;渴望的→eagerly adv. 急切地;热心地→eagerness n. 热切;渴望 5.defence n. 防御;保卫→defend vt.&vi. 防护;防御;保卫→defensive adj. 防御的;保护的;保卫的 6.announce vt. 宣布;通知;声称→announcement n. 通告;布告;宣布;宣告 7.striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的→strike vt. 给(某人以……)印象;让(某人)觉得 8.crowd n. 人群;一群人;民众 vt. 挤满;使……拥挤→crowded adj. 拥挤的 9.greet vt. 问候;迎接→greeting n. 问候;招呼;迎接 10.achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt. 取得;达到 11.location n. 地方;地点;位置→locate vt. 找出……的位置;把……设置在→located adj. 坐落于;位于 12.legal adj. 法律的;合法的→legally adv. 合法地→(反) illegal adj. 不合法的;违法的 13.generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨;大方 14.fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的→fascinated adj. 被迷住的→fascinate vt.&vi. (使)着迷;(使)迷住 15.individual adj. 单独的;个别的→individually adv. 逐个地;作为个人;单独地 16.evidence n. 证据;证明→evident adj. 明显的→evidently adv. 明显地 17.sensory adj. 感觉的;感官的→sense n. 感官;理智;心智→senseless adj. 不明智的;无意义的→sensible adj. 明智的→sensitive adj. 善解人意的;敏感的 18.poet n. 诗人→poem n. 诗→poetry n. 诗歌
重 点 短 语 1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来 2．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3．belong to属于 4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还 5．keep your eyes open (for)留心；留意
重 点 句 型 1．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。 2．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 3．Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering something for each of the senses. 它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。 4．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 5．With all this beauty，it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music，dancing，and dining. 乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
课文语法填空
The United Kingdom has several names and many people 1． （confuse) by them. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later,the country Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland joined the country 2． （form) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
3． （final) , in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the United Kingdom, 4． resulted in the full name today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The four countries 5． (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, 6． (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However,there are some 7． （different)between them.
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can help you learn more about the country and its traditions. Wherever you go in the UK,you are surrounded 8． evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
The first group, the Romans, came in 9． first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary. The last group were the Normans. They had castles 10． (build) all around England,and made changes to the legal system.
【答案】1．are confused；2．to form；3．Finally；4．which；5．belonging；6．known；7．differences；8．by；9．the；10．built
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国全名的形成，以及英国的四个部分的组成。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态语态，非谓语动词，副词，定语从句，名词，介词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：英国有几个名字，许多人被它搞混淆了。此处与主语many people是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are confused。
2．句意：后来，苏格兰和爱尔兰王国合并，组成大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国。此处作目的状语，表示"为了……"，应用动词不定式。故填to form。
3．句意：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这就产生了今天的全名。此处修饰后文整句话，应用副词。故填Finally。
4．句意：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，这就产生了今天的全名。 resulted in the full name today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文陈述的整件事，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5．句意：这四个属于联合王国的国家在某些领域合作。The four countries和belong是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词短语，表主动，作后置定语。故填belonging。
6．句意：他们使用同样的旗帜，作为英国国旗，以及共享相同的货币和军事防御。be known as固定短语，"被……认为，作为"，此处省略be动词，应用过去分词短语，作定语。故填known。
7．句意：然而，它们之间有一些不同。difference表示"差异，不同"时，为可数名词，由some修饰，应用名词复数。故填differences。
8．句意：在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都能看到四个不同群体在历史上不同时期接管政权的证据。be surrounded by固定短语，"被……所包围"。故填by。
9．句意：第一批人，罗马人，在一世纪出现。序数词前应用定冠词，此处表示"在第一世纪"。故填the。
10．句意：英国各地都有他们的城堡。此处与castles是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填built。
知识点
1.belong vi.应在(某处);适应
[教材原句] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(P40) 属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些地方共同工作。
【词块必记】
归纳点拨 belong to 属于；是……的一员 belonging n. 归属感 belongings n. (pl.) 所有物；财物
名师点津 belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。
【即时练】
①(柯林斯词典)While the two are only days apart in age they seem to belong ________ wholly different generations.
②(2021·全国甲卷)Children need a sense of ________ (belong)．
③(牛津高阶)People slowly gathered their ________ (belong) and left the hall.
④(2020·天津5月高考)Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural ________ , which is something that studying your roots and being open minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
[完成句子]
⑤任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。
Anyone has no right to take the land________________ as their own.
⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must_______________ .
如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身伙伴一定得在同一个健身房。
[句式升级]
⑦As is known to us,China is a country which belongs to developing countries.
→As is known to us,China is a country ___________________.
2.surround vt.围绕;包围
[教材原句] Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(P40) 你无论走到英国的哪个地方,你会被曾在历史上不同时期占领英国的四个国家的痕迹所环绕。
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
②Our school is beautiful. Our teaching building is surrounded with trees and flowers.
我们学校环境优美。教学楼被花草树木簇拥着。
【考点必记】
surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
surroundings n.周围的事物;环境
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)The surrounding (surround) area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
(2)Surrounded (surround) by a group of young people,the old man felt happy.
(3)They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded surroundings (surround) of the town.
(4)Looking around,I found myself surrounded (surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.
(5)The butterfly shaped Wuzhizhou Island is located in Sanya's Haitang Bay and is surrounded ________ clean waters and stunning (迷人的) scenery.
[小情境写作]
(6)从前,在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王,他对邻邦十分友好。
Once upon a time,a king who was polite to ___________________________________________.
3.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电
[教材原句] Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square,where we could get our car battery charged.(P42) 朱迪和我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的地下停车场,在那里我们能给我们的车充电。
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)The universe is not in the charge of you, but you are in charge of yourself.
你主宰不了宇宙，但你可以主宰你自己。
②(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
您新换的卡将被免费提供。
③Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.
挑战自己，为自己的职业发展负责。
【词块必记】
(1)charge sb money for sth因某事向某人收费
charge sb with(doing) sth=accuse sb of(doing) sth控告某人(做)某事
(2)free of charge(=for free)免费
take charge of...接管/负责……
in charge of...负责/主管……(主语通常为人)
in the charge of...由……管理(主语通常为物)
[名师点津]
charge表示“控告”时,要用charge sb with sth,而accuse表达相同意义时,则应用accuse sb of sth。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④—I wonder how much you charge_____ your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs D|S30.
⑤The man who was in charge_____ the shop was charged with selling fakes.
(2)完成句子/一句多译
⑥The police ______________ stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
⑦下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
I'll ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝I'll be ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝The whole factory will be ______________ me next week when the director is away.
4.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
[教材原句] When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides,we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.(P42) 最后,当我们到服务台去寻找音频指南时,我们听到通知说没有音频指南了。
【词块必记】
(1)announce sth to sb=announce to sb sth向某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that...据宣布……
announce that...宣布……;通知……
(2)announcement n.公告;发表;宣告;通告
make an announcement发布通告
announcer n.播音员,广播员
[名师点津] 动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有：suggest, explain, report, say等。
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①The announcer made an_________ (announce) that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library. Share library _________ (announce)s on your social media.
③It _________ (announce) that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.
[高考情境写作]
④他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来,整个旅行也会在线分享。
He said the lucky woman who got the ticket __________________ and the trip will be shared online.
⑤One day with a basket of vegetables, he __________________ he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
5.amount n.金额;数量
[教材原句] We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.(P42) 在国家美术馆入口处,大量的游客和吵闹声着实让我们吃了一惊。
归纳点拨 (1)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数(2)“huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
联想发散 表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a lot of等。①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词；a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；②a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
【即时练】
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took ______________ food.
这个演员的胖瘦两种版本都吃了大量的食物。
②Modern computers can organize large amounts_________ data very quickly.
③Large amounts of money _________( spend) on the bridge.
④For example, there _________ (be) huge amounts of information which I am often confused to choose from.
⑤An increasing amount of organic produce_________ (be) to be found on supermarket shelves.
6.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
[教材原句] It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.(P42) 因为周围人太多了,所以很难靠近画。
[用法感知]
①(2020·浙江高考)What's more, with the College Entrance Examination approaching , we are making full preparations for it.
更重要的是，随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
她还接近牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。
③A pair of large stone lions preside massively over the approach to the Summer Palace.
一对大型石狮巍然耸立在颐和园的入口处。
[归纳点拨]
(1)approach sb./sth. 接近/靠近某人/某物 (2)at the approach of ...(＝with＋n.＋approaching) 在快到……的时候 an/the approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法/途径/……的入口
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
④Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach _________ the low carbon life.
⑤She brainstormed the possible _________ (approach) she might take.
⑥_________ the approach of the College Entrance Examination, some students stay up late to study.
(2) 词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦With the time for graduation approaching, we are busy with our papers. _________
[佳句背诵]
With Teachers’ Day approaching,our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
随着教师节的临近,我们班决定改变方式,举行一次聚会来庆祝今年的这个重要的节日。
7.eager adj.热切的;渴望的
[教材原句] I was eager to see that...(P43) 我急切地想看到……
考点必记
(1)be eager for...急于得到……
be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager that...热切希望……(从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略)
(2)eagerly adv.急切地;渴望地;热心地
eagerness n.渴望;热心
with eagerness热切地
【即时练】
单句语法填空
She is eager__________(succeed).
(2020·浙江1月高考)If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by e mail.
The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager_________ knowledge and eager_________(make) progress.
词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
(4)We are eager to see your wonderful performances.__________________
8.break away(from sb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱
[教材原句] Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(P40) 最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,导致了我们现在的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
【词块必记】
break into强行闯入;忽然开始(大笑、唱歌、欢呼等)
break off断开;停顿;中断
break in强行进入;打断;插嘴
break out(战争等)突然发生,爆发
break up分解;打碎;破裂;分手
break down发生故障;垮掉;失败;失控崩溃
【即时练】
[用break的相关短语填空]
(1)She is trying to ____________ the bad habit,which makes her parents happy.
(2)As the President’s car arrived,the crowd ____________ loud applause.
(3)When the news came that the war ____________,he decided to serve in the army.
(4)Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers ____________.
[完成句子]
(5)(2021·浙江6月高考)The truck my dad drove often _______________, which made my dad in trouble.
我父亲驾驶的汽车常在路上出故障，这使我父亲陷入麻烦。
9.as well as同(一样也);和;还
[教材原句] They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.(P40) 它们用同样的英国国旗,还分享同样的货币和军事防御。
[归纳点拨]
(1)as well as常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；
(2)as well“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
(1)The basketball coach,as well as his team,___________ (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
(2)As well as___________ (write) stories,I love reading and listening to music.
③The teacher as well as his students ___________ ( interest) in the film.
④Many students as well as Tom ___________ (be) present at the meeting.
(2)完成句子
⑤I can speak fluent English and_____________________ .
我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。
⑥You will always have the bad ______________________ .
人生在世总是有苦有甜。
10.keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意(教材P41)
【即时练】 单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)I hope I never set eyes ________ this place again!
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead of tying him up, I just kept ________ close eye on him.
单句表达
③(剑桥高阶)突然的一动引起了我的注意。
A sudden movement ________________．
④(柯林斯词典)我要求巡逻骑警密切注意。
I ask the mounted patrol to __________________________．
11.if any如果有的话
[教材原句] So what is the difference between them,if any (P40) 那么如果有区别的话,那区别是什么呢
(1)句中的if any是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any 为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”， if 用作连词。 ①Please let me know how many are coming, if any. 如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少。 (2)if not“如果不这样的话”。 ②Are you pressed for time If not, I suggest we have lunch. 你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。 (3)if so“如果这样的话”。 ③(2020·天津7月高考)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library？If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. 你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。 (4)if ever“如果曾经有的话”。 ④She seldom, if ever, goes to the theatre. 如果曾经有的话，她也很少去看戏。 (5)if necessary“如果有必要的话”。 ⑤If necessary, you might call to ask for a break. 如果有必要，你可以打电话请假。 (6)if possible“如果有可能的话”。 ⑥If possible, often tell her your feelings about the things around you. 如果可能的话，经常告诉她你对周围事物的感受。
【即时练】
[完成句子]
(1)下周你会有一个晚上有空吗 如果有,让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
Will you get a free evening next week ___________,let’s have a dinner.
(2)大家感到冷吗 如果不冷,让我们把窗户打开吧。
Is everybody feeling cold ___________,let’s open the window.
(3)如果有必要的话,你可以向我求助。
___________,you can turn to me for help.
(4)试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有,请说出来。
Please try to find out the differences between the two words.___________,speak it out.
12.“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
[教材原句] The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes,with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(P44)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【词块必记】
with复合结构的常见形式：
with
【即时练】
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign ________(praise) the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”
②With a great weight ________(take) off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
③With a lot of work________( do), she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
④The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog________ (follow) them.
⑤With many brightly coloured flowers________(plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
⑥With so many things ________(consider), we haven't decided on the final plan yet.
belong 【即时练】答案:①to ②belonging ③belongings④ belonging ⑤ belonging to the state⑥belong to the same gym ⑦belonging to developing countries
surround 【即时练】 答案:(1)surrounding (2)Surrounded(3)surroundings(4)surrounded(5)by/with(6)surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings
3.charge【即时练】 答案:④ for⑤ of ⑥charged the thief with⑦ take charge of;in charge of;in/under the charge of
4. announce【即时练】答案:①announcement ②announcements③was announced④will be announced on the website⑤ announced to us that
5. amount 【即时练】答案: ①a large amount of ②of ③were spent④are ⑤is
6. approach【即时练】答案:④ to⑤ approaches⑥At⑦around/round the corner/drawing near
7. eager 【即时练】答案: (1) to succeed(2) eagerness(3)for ,to make(4)longing to see/looking forward to seeing
8.答案:(1)break away from(2)broke into(3)broke out(4)breaking into(5) broke down on the way
9.答案: (1)was interviewed (2)writing③ was interested④ were⑤I can speak French as well⑥as well as the good in the world
10.答案: 答案：①on ②a ③caught my eye ④keep their eyes open
11.答案: (1)If so(2)If not(3)If necessary(4).If any
12. 答案: ①praising② taken③ to do④following⑤planted⑥ to consider
语法点
Grammar 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加 ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Before the show，hundreds of excited visitors waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Come and read the poem written by an eight year old boy!
3．I felt myself often confused at first.
4．She had her painting boxed so it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pot never boils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
形式 语态 时态
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a local company.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
done 被动的动作已经完成
being done 被动的动作正在发生
to be done 被动的动作将要发生
The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。
All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the house rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，observe，find，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，think等。
I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we got to school，we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。
Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my house repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，order等。
The teacher doesn't wish such questions (to be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The police，finding the film unhealthy，ordered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；四看：see，notice，observe，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋
I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried to make himself understood.他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋
have还可用于have sth. to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
单句语法填空
1. They make great gifts and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2. The 80, 000 objects __________ (collect) by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
3. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
4. China’s image is improving steadily, with its role __________ (recognize) by more countries in international affairs.
5. Data __________ (collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
6. Earth Day, __________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environment protection.
7. What does the __________ (underline) word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean
8. Chris and Tim work in a zoo, helping __________ (endanger) cranes with their reproduction.
9. This led to a(n) __________ (unexpect) consequence, though she had a wonderful time there.
10. Book from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother __________ (taken) good care of at home.
11. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________ (wash).
12. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues __________ (amuse) with her stories.
13. With the problem __________ (solve), the quality has been improved.
14. The boss wouldn’t like the topic __________ (discuss) at the meeting.
15. He walked into the room quietly in order not make himself __________ (notice).
16. The villagers saw the fire __________ (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses __________ (burn) to the ground already.
17. I found myself __________ (lose) and couldn’t sense the right direction.
18. The story __________ (write) by a middle school student is popular in schools.
19. Even though it is still summer, there are many __________ (fall) leaves on the ground.
20. With many brightly colored flowers __________ (plant) around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.
1 decorated 2 collected 3 designed 4 recognized 5 collected 6 marked 7 underlined 8 endangered 9 unexpected 10 taken 11 washed 12 amused 13 solved 14 discussed 15 noticed 16 burning; burned/burnt 17 lost 18 written 19 fallen 20 planted
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