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新人教版必修第三册Unit 3知识清单
重 点 单 词 1. vi.&vt. 逃走;逃脱;避开 n. 逃跑;逃脱;解脱 2. vt.&n. 夺取(生命);宣称;断言 3. vt.&vi. 挣得;赚得;赢得;博得 4. n. 气候 5. vt.&vi. 寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 6. n. 一系列;连续;接连 7. n. 日志;日记;报纸;刊物 8. n. 地区;区域 9. n. 项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻) 10. adv. 在市中心;往市中心 11. n. 传教(区);重要任务;使命 12. adv. 特别;格外 adj. 顶好的;超级的 13. adv. 以后;后来 14. n. 简图;图解;图表;示意图 15. n. 材料;布料;素材 adj. 物质的;实际的 16. n. 衣服;服装 17. adj. 药草的;香草的 18.poetry n. 19.souvenir n. 20.percentage n. 21.chip n. 22.cheese n. ic n. adj. 24.china n. 25.jazz n. 26.bar n. 27.ethnic adj.
词 汇 拓 展 1.admit vi.&vt. 承认;准许进入(或加入)→ n. 承认;入会费;许可 2.settle vt.& vi. 定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)→ n. 移民;殖民者→ n. 居民点;清算;解决 3.diverse adj. 不同的;多种多样的→ n. 差异(性);不同(点);多样性 4.fortune n. 机会;运气→ adj. 幸运的→(反) adv. 不幸地→ n. 不幸 5.occur vi. 发生;出现→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→ n.发生;发生的事情 6. vt. 包含;含有;容纳→ n.容器 7.select vt. 选择;挑选;选拔→ n. 选择;挑选 8.suit vt. 适合;满足……需要;相配;合身 n. 西服;套装→ adj. 合适的;适合的 9. adv. 肯定;确实→definite adj. 肯定的 10. adj. (有关)历史的→ adv. 历史上→ adj. 有历史意义的→history n. 历史 11. adj. 引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的→ n. 毒物;毒药;毒素 vt. 毒死;毒害 12. n. (外来)移民;外侨→immigrate vi.&vt. 移民;移居外国;迁移;移入 13. n. 作品集;收集物;收藏品→collect v. 收集;收藏 14. n. 建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构→construct vt.建筑;建造 15. n. 少数民族;少数派;少数人→minor adj.较小的→ (反) n.大多数 16.fold vt. 包;裹;折叠 vt.&vi. (可)折小;(可)叠平→(反) v. (使)展开;打开 17. adj. 财政的;财务的;金融的→ adv. 财政上;金融上→finance n. 财政;金融 18.neat adj. 极好的;整洁的;整齐的→ adv. 极好地;整洁地;整齐地 19.mild adj. 温和的;和善的;轻微的→ adv. 温和地;和善地;轻微地
重 点 短 语 1．head to(朝……)前进；(向……)去 2．seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 3．earn a living谋生 4．series of一系列或一连串(事件) 5．apart from(especially NAmE aside from)除了……外(还)；此外 6．bring about导致；引起 7．to name but a few仅举几例 8．(at) first hand第一手；亲自
重 点 句 型 1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。 2．To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开设了商店和餐馆。 3．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。 4．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently. 唐人街的居民中大多数还是华人，他们中的许多人都不会说流利的英语。 5．...and there are Chinese tea stores，where visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. ……而且那儿也有中国的茶叶店，在里面游客可以品尝和购买各种中国茶叶。
21 June was Li Lan’s first day back in San Francisco after camping in the Redwood Forest and visiting Napa Valley. She (1) _______(admit) that it definitely felt good to come back to the city again. The fact that the city rebuilt itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906 is (2)________(amaze).Located on the top of big hills,many beautiful old buildings offer great (3)______(view) of the city, the oceans and the Golden Gage Bridge.
___________(walk) around and looked at the street art for a few hours,then Li lan ate some delicious Mexican=Chinese noodles for lunch.In the afternoon, Li Lan headed to a local museum,where Li learnt a lot about the history of California. In 1848,gold (5)____________(discover) near the city,(6) __________ made over 300,000 people from all over the world rush here to seek (7)________(they) fortune. In fact,few achieved their dreams of becoming rich.Some died or returned home,but most remained to earn (8) _______ living despite great hardship. It was immigrants from different cultures that built up California very (9)________(rapid) and led to its becoming a state of the United States in 1850.
In the evening, Li went to Chinatown, where there are many cafes and restaurants to choose (10)_______.After selecting a restaurant, she enjoyed Chinese food with china plates.
知识点
1.fortune n.机会;运气
[高考典句] (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Orange trees are more than decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.橘子树不仅仅是装饰,它们还是好运和财富的象征。
【词块必记】
(1)seek one’s fortune找出路;碰运气
make a fortune发财
try one’s fortune碰运气
(2)fortunate adj.(=lucky)幸运的
be fortunate to do sth 幸而做某事
(3)fortunately adv.幸运地(=luckily)
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (fortunate) for him, he was very soon offered another job.
②We certainly were fortunate ________ (get) a fine day for the fete (游园会), considering how wet it's been lately.
③Zhang Zhujun was ________ (fortune) to be among the first batch of volunteers.
④She was ________ (fortune) enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
⑤________ (fortune), you were out when we arrived.
(2)完成句子
⑥Nowadays many young people dream of ________________ in big cities.现在，许多年轻人梦想在大城市发财。
⑦[小话题写作]她大学一毕业就找到了工作,真是幸运。
She was fortunate enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
⑧Some people want to live in big cities ________________.
一些人想生活在大城市里来寻找成功致富之路。
2.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入);容纳
[教材原句] I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.(P28) 我不得不承认,再次回到这个城市的确感觉很好。
【词块必记】
(1)admit (doing) sth承认(做)某事
admit+n./pron.+to be...承认……是……
be admitted as...作为……被接受
admit sb/sth into/to...允许某人/物进入……;成为……中的一员
(2)admission n.进入;入场费;承认
【即时练】
[写出下列句中admit的含义]
(1)I don’t really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting.________
(2)Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium admits visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm.________
(3)The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.________
[单句语法填空]
④If you hadn't encouraged me, I would not have been admitted ________ this university.
⑤The man admitted ________ (steal) a collection of valuable paintings.
⑥You must admit the man ________ (be) stubborn.
[佳句背诵]
The table tennis team of our school is admitting new members right now.I would like to invite you to join.
3.occur vi.发生;出现)
[教材原句] And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(P28) 多么好的一座城市啊,一座在1906年地震后能够自我重建的城市。
【词块必记】
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that________(occur) billions of years ago.
②Curiously enough, that very same thought occurred ________ me when I heard about the incident.
③It occurred to him _______he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
④A good idea occurred _______ me all at once.
⑤_______ occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.
⑥Didn't it occur to you _______ (give) him a call
4.earn vt.& vi.挣得;赚得;赢得
[教材原句] To earn a living,some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.(P28) 为了谋生,一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
【归纳点拨】
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
①(2021·浙江高考)My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earn) might not be mine to do with as I wished.
②He wished to earn ________ living through writing but despaired of doing so.
[单句表达]
③他出色的能力使他在队里赢得了一席之地。
His outstanding ability ________________ on the team.
5.escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
[教材原句] After visiting the southern part of Yunnan,I have to admit that it is the best district of China to escape the cold winter.(P29) 在参观了云南南部之后,我不得不承认这是中国最适合躲避寒冬的地方。
【词块必记】
escape from从……逃脱;逃避……
escape doing/being done sth逃避(被)做某事
escape one’s attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被忽视
a narrow escape九死一生
[名师点津]
(1)escape本身即为“离开”的意思,后面不需加away或off等。
(2)escape意为“被……遗忘;没有被……注意到”时,用sth escape sb结构表示,而不是用sb escape sth结构。
【即时练】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①No one can escape ________( punish) if he breaks law.
②She managed to escape ________ the burning car.
③He escaped ________ prison, but was rearrested by the police a month later.
④It is said that he narrowly escaped ________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
⑤Last year I had ________________, and I don't want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，我不想再去冒生命危险了。
(2)熟词生义
⑥Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.________
6.settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)
[教材原句] Historically,Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.(P32) 历史上,在铁路建设和淘金热时期,中国移民在这里定居下来。
[归纳点拨]
(1)settle in/into 安顿下来；习惯于；适应 settle down (使)安定；定居；平静下来 settle down to sth. 着手认真做某事 (2)settlement n. 解决；定居 settler n. 移居者；殖民者
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)People settle_______ these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
(2)Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter settle _______,get married,and have kids.
(3)The trial period was over,and I could settle down to_______ (build) a closer contact with the apes.
(4)With a lot of difficult problems _______ (settle),I won’t come to the party this evening.
(5)It is said that the first _______ (settle) of this country are prisoners.
(6)We look forward to your _______ (settle) at an early date.
7.suit vt.适合;满足……需要;相配;合身 n.西服,套装
[教材原句] There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste,with traditional dishes from all over China.(P32)这里有适合每个人口味的中餐,因为有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。
【词块必记】
(1)suit sth to sth使某物适合于另一事物
a suit of一套
(2)suitable adj.适合的;适宜的;相配的
be suitable for...适合于……
be suitable to do sth适合做某事
[易混辨析] suit, fit, match
suit 指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、时间或衣物的颜色、款式适合等
fit 指大小、尺寸合适
match 指大小、色调、形状相配
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
(1)A good teacher suits his lessons _______ the age of his pupils.
(2)The simplicity of the book makes it _______ (suit) for children.
(3)The famous expert adapted his speech _______(suit) the interests of his audience.
(4)I want a suit _______ workmanship and suitable for formal meetings.
[选词填空:suit/match/fit]
(5)The size of the shirt _______ me well and its color _______ my tie,so it _______ me.
[单句表达]
(6)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)高强度的运动更适合年轻人。
High intensity exercise ____________________ the young.
1.bring about引起;导致
[教材原句] What do you think brought about the cultural diversity (P29) 你认为是什么导致了文化多样性
[归纳点拨]
bring forward 提出(建议、想法等) bring down 使降低；使倒下 bring out 使显现；生产；出版 bring in 介绍；引进；赚得；挣得 bring up 抚养；培养；养育；提出；呕吐 bring an end to 使……结束
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
①(2021·北京高考)Thus，it may be worth bringing ________ issues with your friends, family members，or classmates rather than holding them back.
②It's only a matter of time before they bring ________ their own version of the software.
③The government hopes these measures will help to bring ________ inflation (通货膨胀)．
④I'd like to bring _______ Doctor Hall here and ask him for his views.
⑤We aim to bring _______ prices on all our computers.
⑥I don't know how he manages to bring_______ four children.
⑦He will bring _______ his latest novel next month.
2.apart from除了……外(还);此外
[教材原句] Apart from being the kingdom of flowers,it is home to many ethnic minority groups.(P29)除了是花的王国以外,它(云南)还是许多少数民族的居住地。
【词块必记】
apart from 既可以表示besides的含义,也可以表示except或except for的含义
besides “除了……之外还有……”,除去的东西包括在范围内,相当于in addition to/as well as
except “除了……之外”,指从同类的人或物中排除
except for 表示从整体情况来看,要排除其中的部分特殊情况
【即时练】[完成句子]
(1)游泳,除了有趣和锻炼身体之外,还是一项很有用的技能。
____________________,swimming is a very useful skill.
(2)除了一些拼写错误,这篇文章写得很不错。
____________________,the composition is fairly good.
[用besides,except或except for代替下列句中的apart from]
(3)The road was empty apart from a few cars. ___________
(4)Will there be anyone else we know at the party apart from Will and Janet ___________
(5)You can have any one of the cakes apart from this one.___________
1.不定式作后置定语
[教材原句]The climate is mild all year round, meaning it is always a good time to visit．这里一年四季气候温和，意味着一年四季任何时候都适合来游玩。(教材P32)
[剖析] to visit是不定式作后置定语，修饰a good time。
【即时练】单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure ________ (provide) enough chaperones (监护人) will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
②You need something ________ (cheer) you up—I know just the thing!
③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way ________ (make) their travel affordable.
【单句表达】
④几家电视公司争着将他的生平抢先搬上荧屏。
Television companies are racing to be ______________________．
2.“代词+介词 +关系代词”结构引导定语从句
[教材原句]The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.唐人街的大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。(教材P32)
[剖析] many of whom是“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋whom/which”结构引导的定语从句，往往出现在非限制性定语从句中，表示一种所属关系。
【即时练】单句语法填空
①The football fans began throwing missiles (投掷物), one of ________ hit the referee.
②I found a very mixed group of individuals, some of ________ I could relate to and others with whom I had very little in common.
【单句表达】
③报告称，到2035年，新能源业务将占到这家石油巨头总业务的三分之一，石油和天然气业务也将各占到三分之一。
The new energy sector will rise to one third of the oil behemoth's total business by 2035, together with oil and gas, __________________________ one third, it said.
3.It is likely that… 很可能……
[教材原句P27]It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著居民就搬到加利福尼亚州了。
[归纳点拨]
句中It is likely that ...表示“有可能……”，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do ...“某人/物可能做……”。表示“有可能……”的句型还有：
【即时练】(完成句子/句型转换)
①________________ a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.
对我们学生而言参观长城很有可能是一次难忘的经历。
②When the exam comes around, you ________________ feel anxious and pressured.
当考试来临的时候，你可能会感到焦虑和压力。
③It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→You ________________ bad health if you keep smoking.
④It is possible for her to set a world record again.
→________________ she will set a world record again.
语法点
Grammar 省略
为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、简单句的省略
1．祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you。
Open the window.
请(你)打开窗户。
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
(Is there)Anything else
(还有)其他东西吗？
3．疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。
—Are you a student
——你是一名学生吗？
—Yes，I am(a student)．
——是的，我是(一名学生)。
4．感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。
What a beautiful girl(she is)!
(她是)多么漂亮的女孩呀！
二、比较结构的省略
在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
The sooner(you do it)，the better(it will be)．
(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。
He is cleverer than any other boy (is)．
他比其他男孩聪明。
三、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
My father is a lawyer and my mother (is) a teacher.
我爸爸是律师，我妈妈是教师。
She came into the room and (she) turned on the computer.
她进了房间，打开了电脑。
The news made me angry，but (the news made) John happy.
这条消息使我生气，但却让约翰高兴。
四、主从复合句中的省略
1．宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。
I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一名教师，也是一位优秀的作家。
2．表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
If so(＝If it is so)，you must go back and get it.
如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。
Look out for cars when crossing the street (＝when you are crossing the street)．
穿过街道时要当心车辆。
3．定语从句中的省略。若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。
The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.
他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。
五、不定式的省略
1．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。
The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.
这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。
2．某些使役动词如make，let，have等，和感官动词如see, watch，notice，observe等，后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.
我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。
He was noticed to leave the office.
有人注意到他离开了办公室。
3．不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。
—Would you like to study English with me
——你愿意和我一起学英语吗？
—Yes. I'd like to (study English with you)．
——是的，我愿意(和你一起学英语)。
She has succeeded in the final examination，but in fact, she ought to have(succeeded in the final examination)．
她在期末考试中取得了成功，而实际上，她本就该获得成功。
4．介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着看看(情况)。
六、虚拟语气中的省略
1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前，构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.
＝If you had come here yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2．动词advise，suggest(建议)，propose，demand，insist(坚持要求)，require，command，recommend，order等后的宾语从句及It is...that...主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。
It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.
我们有必要多记一些单词。
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
七、介词的省略
1．在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词：spend time/money (in) doing sth.; have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.。
She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day.
她每天花半小时读书。
I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。
What prevented him (from) going
什么事阻止了他去？
2．表示时间的介词at，on和in用在next，last，this, each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
We have a final exam (in) every term.
每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。
八、使用so，not等的省略
英语中，可以使用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can I put my bike here
——我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？
—You'd better not.
——你最好不要。
—Do you think our team will win
——你认为我们队会赢吗？
—I think so.
——我认为会。
单句语法填空
1. Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
2. Her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still hoped ______.
3. One day, he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crops a few inches. He did ______ the nest day.
4. The numbers were smaller than ______ (expect).
5. He opened his lips as if ______ (speak).
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第三册Unit 3知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.escape vi.&vt. 逃走;逃脱;避开 n. 逃跑;逃脱;解脱 2.claim vt.&n. 夺取(生命);宣称;断言 3.earn vt.&vi. 挣得;赚得;赢得;博得 4.climate n. 气候 5.seek vt.&vi. 寻找;寻求;争取;(向人)请求→sought/sought/seeking (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 6.series n. 一系列;连续;接连 7.journal n. 日志;日记;报纸;刊物 8.district n. 地区;区域 9.item n. 项目;一件商品(或物品);一条(新闻) 10.downtown adv. 在市中心;往市中心 11.mission n. 传教(区);重要任务;使命 12.super adv. 特别;格外 adj. 顶好的;超级的 13.afterwards adv. 以后;后来 14.diagram n. 简图;图解;图表;示意图 15.material n. 材料;布料;素材 adj. 物质的;实际的 16.clothing n. 衣服;服装 17.herbal adj. 药草的;香草的 18.poetry n. 诗集;诗歌;诗作 19.souvenir n. 纪念物;纪念品 20.percentage n. 百分率;百分比 21.chip n. (英)炸土豆条;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片 22.cheese n. 干酪;奶酪 ic n. 连环画杂志;漫画杂志;喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的;使人发笑的 24.china n. 瓷;瓷器 25.jazz n. 爵士乐 26.bar n. 酒吧;小吃店;小馆子 27.ethnic adj. 具有民族特色的;异国风味的;民族的;种族的
词 汇 拓 展 1.admit vi.&vt. 承认;准许进入(或加入)→admission n. 承认;入会费;许可 2.settle vt.& vi. 定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)→settler n. 移民;殖民者→settlement n. 居民点;清算;解决 3.diverse adj. 不同的;多种多样的→diversity n. 差异(性);不同(点);多样性 4.fortune n. 机会;运气→fortunate adj. 幸运的→(反)unfortunately adv. 不幸地→ misfortune n. 不幸 5.occur vi. 发生;出现→occurred/occurred/occurring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)→occurrence n.发生;发生的事情 6.contain vt. 包含;含有;容纳→container n.容器 7.select vt. 选择;挑选;选拔→selection n. 选择;挑选 8.suit vt. 适合;满足……需要;相配;合身 n. 西服;套装→suitable adj. 合适的;适合的 9.definitely adv. 肯定;确实→definite adj. 肯定的 10.historical adj. (有关)历史的→historically adv. 历史上→historic adj. 有历史意义的→history n. 历史 11.poisonous adj. 引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的→poison n. 毒物;毒药;毒素 vt. 毒死;毒害 12.immigrant n. (外来)移民;外侨→immigrate vi.&vt. 移民;移居外国;迁移;移入 13.collection n. 作品集;收集物;收藏品→collect v. 收集;收藏 14.construction n. 建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构→construct vt.建筑;建造 15.minority n. 少数民族;少数派;少数人→minor adj.较小的→ (反) majority n.大多数 16.fold vt. 包;裹;折叠 vt.&vi. (可)折小;(可)叠平→(反) unfold v. (使)展开;打开 17.financial adj. 财政的;财务的;金融的→financially adv. 财政上;金融上→finance n. 财政;金融 18.neat adj. 极好的;整洁的;整齐的→neatly adv. 极好地;整洁地;整齐地 19.mild adj. 温和的;和善的;轻微的→mildly adv. 温和地;和善地;轻微地
重 点 短 语 1．head to(朝……)前进；(向……)去 2．seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界 3．earn a living谋生 4．series of一系列或一连串(事件) 5．apart from(especially NAmE aside from)除了……外(还)；此外 6．bring about导致；引起 7．to name but a few仅举几例 8．(at) first hand第一手；亲自
重 点 句 型 1．And what a city—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 这是一座多么了不起的城市啊——一座在1906年地震后能够重建的城市。 2．To earn a living，some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown. 为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开设了商店和餐馆。 3．What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 早先作为中国移民的住宅区的地方后来变成了中华文化的中心。 4．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese，many of whom do not speak English fluently. 唐人街的居民中大多数还是华人，他们中的许多人都不会说流利的英语。 5．...and there are Chinese tea stores，where visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. ……而且那儿也有中国的茶叶店，在里面游客可以品尝和购买各种中国茶叶。
21 June was Li Lan’s first day back in San Francisco after camping in the Redwood Forest and visiting Napa Valley. She (1) _______(admit) that it definitely felt good to come back to the city again. The fact that the city rebuilt itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906 is (2)________(amaze).Located on the top of big hills,many beautiful old buildings offer great (3)______(view) of the city, the oceans and the Golden Gage Bridge.
___________(walk) around and looked at the street art for a few hours,then Li lan ate some delicious Mexican=Chinese noodles for lunch.In the afternoon, Li Lan headed to a local museum,where Li learnt a lot about the history of California. In 1848,gold (5)____________(discover) near the city,(6) __________ made over 300,000 people from all over the world rush here to seek (7)________(they) fortune. In fact,few achieved their dreams of becoming rich.Some died or returned home,but most remained to earn (8) _______ living despite great hardship. It was immigrants from different cultures that built up California very (9)________(rapid) and led to its becoming a state of the United States in 1850.
In the evening, Li went to Chinatown, where there are many cafes and restaurants to choose (10)_______.After selecting a restaurant, she enjoyed Chinese food with china plates.
答案 (1) admitted (2)amazing (3) views (4) Having walked (5) was discovered (6) which (7) their (8) a (9) rapidly (10) from
知识点
1.fortune n.机会;运气
[高考典句] (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Orange trees are more than decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.橘子树不仅仅是装饰,它们还是好运和财富的象征。
【词块必记】
(1)seek one’s fortune找出路;碰运气
make a fortune发财
try one’s fortune碰运气
(2)fortunate adj.(=lucky)幸运的
be fortunate to do sth 幸而做某事
(3)fortunately adv.幸运地(=luckily)
【即时练】
(1)单句语法填空
①________ (fortunate) for him, he was very soon offered another job.
②We certainly were fortunate ________ (get) a fine day for the fete (游园会), considering how wet it's been lately.
③Zhang Zhujun was ________ (fortune) to be among the first batch of volunteers.
④She was ________ (fortune) enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
⑤________ (fortune), you were out when we arrived.
(2)完成句子
⑥Nowadays many young people dream of ________________ in big cities.现在，许多年轻人梦想在大城市发财。
⑦[小话题写作]她大学一毕业就找到了工作,真是幸运。
She was fortunate enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
⑧Some people want to live in big cities ________________.
一些人想生活在大城市里来寻找成功致富之路。
2.admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入(或加入);容纳
[教材原句] I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the city again.(P28) 我不得不承认,再次回到这个城市的确感觉很好。
【词块必记】
(1)admit (doing) sth承认(做)某事
admit+n./pron.+to be...承认……是……
be admitted as...作为……被接受
admit sb/sth into/to...允许某人/物进入……;成为……中的一员
(2)admission n.进入;入场费;承认
【即时练】
[写出下列句中admit的含义]
(1)I don’t really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting.________
(2)Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium admits visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm.________
(3)The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.________
[单句语法填空]
④If you hadn't encouraged me, I would not have been admitted ________ this university.
⑤The man admitted ________ (steal) a collection of valuable paintings.
⑥You must admit the man ________ (be) stubborn.
[佳句背诵]
The table tennis team of our school is admitting new members right now.I would like to invite you to join.
3.occur vi.发生;出现)
[教材原句] And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.(P28) 多么好的一座城市啊,一座在1906年地震后能够自我重建的城市。
【词块必记】
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that________(occur) billions of years ago.
②Curiously enough, that very same thought occurred ________ me when I heard about the incident.
③It occurred to him _______he had an important conference to attend the next morning.
④A good idea occurred _______ me all at once.
⑤_______ occurred to her that she should adopt the homeless child.
⑥Didn't it occur to you _______ (give) him a call
4.earn vt.& vi.挣得;赚得;赢得
[教材原句] To earn a living,some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.(P28) 为了谋生,一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
【归纳点拨】
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
①(2021·浙江高考)My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earn) might not be mine to do with as I wished.
②He wished to earn ________ living through writing but despaired of doing so.
[单句表达]
③他出色的能力使他在队里赢得了一席之地。
His outstanding ability ________________ on the team.
5.escape vi.& vt.逃走;逃脱;避开 n.逃跑;逃脱;解脱
[教材原句] After visiting the southern part of Yunnan,I have to admit that it is the best district of China to escape the cold winter.(P29) 在参观了云南南部之后,我不得不承认这是中国最适合躲避寒冬的地方。
【词块必记】
escape from从……逃脱;逃避……
escape doing/being done sth逃避(被)做某事
escape one’s attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被忽视
a narrow escape九死一生
[名师点津]
(1)escape本身即为“离开”的意思,后面不需加away或off等。
(2)escape意为“被……遗忘;没有被……注意到”时,用sth escape sb结构表示,而不是用sb escape sth结构。
【即时练】
单句语法填空/完成句子
①No one can escape ________( punish) if he breaks law.
②She managed to escape ________ the burning car.
③He escaped ________ prison, but was rearrested by the police a month later.
④It is said that he narrowly escaped ________ (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.
⑤Last year I had ________________, and I don't want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，我不想再去冒生命危险了。
(2)熟词生义
⑥Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.________
6.settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)
[教材原句] Historically,Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.(P32) 历史上,在铁路建设和淘金热时期,中国移民在这里定居下来。
[归纳点拨]
(1)settle in/into 安顿下来；习惯于；适应 settle down (使)安定；定居；平静下来 settle down to sth. 着手认真做某事 (2)settlement n. 解决；定居 settler n. 移居者；殖民者
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)People settle_______ these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
(2)Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter settle _______,get married,and have kids.
(3)The trial period was over,and I could settle down to_______ (build) a closer contact with the apes.
(4)With a lot of difficult problems _______ (settle),I won’t come to the party this evening.
(5)It is said that the first _______ (settle) of this country are prisoners.
(6)We look forward to your _______ (settle) at an early date.
7.suit vt.适合;满足……需要;相配;合身 n.西服,套装
[教材原句] There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste,with traditional dishes from all over China.(P32)这里有适合每个人口味的中餐,因为有来自中国各地的传统菜肴。
【词块必记】
(1)suit sth to sth使某物适合于另一事物
a suit of一套
(2)suitable adj.适合的;适宜的;相配的
be suitable for...适合于……
be suitable to do sth适合做某事
[易混辨析] suit, fit, match
suit 指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、时间或衣物的颜色、款式适合等
fit 指大小、尺寸合适
match 指大小、色调、形状相配
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
(1)A good teacher suits his lessons _______ the age of his pupils.
(2)The simplicity of the book makes it _______ (suit) for children.
(3)The famous expert adapted his speech _______(suit) the interests of his audience.
(4)I want a suit _______ workmanship and suitable for formal meetings.
[选词填空:suit/match/fit]
(5)The size of the shirt _______ me well and its color _______ my tie,so it _______ me.
[单句表达]
(6)(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)高强度的运动更适合年轻人。
High intensity exercise ____________________ the young.
8.bring about引起;导致
[教材原句] What do you think brought about the cultural diversity (P29) 你认为是什么导致了文化多样性
[归纳点拨]
bring forward 提出(建议、想法等) bring down 使降低；使倒下 bring out 使显现；生产；出版 bring in 介绍；引进；赚得；挣得 bring up 抚养；培养；养育；提出；呕吐 bring an end to 使……结束
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
①(2021·北京高考)Thus，it may be worth bringing ________ issues with your friends, family members，or classmates rather than holding them back.
②It's only a matter of time before they bring ________ their own version of the software.
③The government hopes these measures will help to bring ________ inflation (通货膨胀)．
④I'd like to bring _______ Doctor Hall here and ask him for his views.
⑤We aim to bring _______ prices on all our computers.
⑥I don't know how he manages to bring_______ four children.
⑦He will bring _______ his latest novel next month.
9.apart from除了……外(还);此外
[教材原句] Apart from being the kingdom of flowers,it is home to many ethnic minority groups.(P29)除了是花的王国以外,它(云南)还是许多少数民族的居住地。
【词块必记】
apart from 既可以表示besides的含义,也可以表示except或except for的含义
besides “除了……之外还有……”,除去的东西包括在范围内,相当于in addition to/as well as
except “除了……之外”,指从同类的人或物中排除
except for 表示从整体情况来看,要排除其中的部分特殊情况
【即时练】[完成句子]
(1)游泳,除了有趣和锻炼身体之外,还是一项很有用的技能。
____________________,swimming is a very useful skill.
(2)除了一些拼写错误,这篇文章写得很不错。
____________________,the composition is fairly good.
[用besides,except或except for代替下列句中的apart from]
(3)The road was empty apart from a few cars. ___________
(4)Will there be anyone else we know at the party apart from Will and Janet ___________
(5)You can have any one of the cakes apart from this one.___________
10.不定式作后置定语
[教材原句]The climate is mild all year round, meaning it is always a good time to visit．这里一年四季气候温和，意味着一年四季任何时候都适合来游玩。(教材P32)
[剖析] to visit是不定式作后置定语，修饰a good time。
【即时练】单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Failure ________ (provide) enough chaperones (监护人) will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
②You need something ________ (cheer) you up—I know just the thing!
③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way ________ (make) their travel affordable.
【单句表达】
④几家电视公司争着将他的生平抢先搬上荧屏。
Television companies are racing to be ______________________．
11.“代词+介词 +关系代词”结构引导定语从句
[教材原句]The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.唐人街的大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。(教材P32)
[剖析] many of whom是“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋whom/which”结构引导的定语从句，往往出现在非限制性定语从句中，表示一种所属关系。
【即时练】单句语法填空
①The football fans began throwing missiles (投掷物), one of ________ hit the referee.
②I found a very mixed group of individuals, some of ________ I could relate to and others with whom I had very little in common.
【单句表达】
③报告称，到2035年，新能源业务将占到这家石油巨头总业务的三分之一，石油和天然气业务也将各占到三分之一。
The new energy sector will rise to one third of the oil behemoth's total business by 2035, together with oil and gas, __________________________ one third, it said.
12.It is likely that… 很可能……
[教材原句P27]It is likely that Native Americans moved to California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著居民就搬到加利福尼亚州了。
[归纳点拨]
句中It is likely that ...表示“有可能……”，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do ...“某人/物可能做……”。表示“有可能……”的句型还有：
【即时练】(完成句子/句型转换)
①________________ a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience.
对我们学生而言参观长城很有可能是一次难忘的经历。
②When the exam comes around, you ________________ feel anxious and pressured.
当考试来临的时候，你可能会感到焦虑和压力。
③It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→You ________________ bad health if you keep smoking.
④It is possible for her to set a world record again.
→________________ she will set a world record again.
1.【即时练】答案:①Fortunately ②to get ③fortunate④fortunate⑤Unfortunately⑥making a fortune ⑦fortunate enough to find a job⑧to seek their fortune
2.【即时练】答案:（1）承认(2)准许进入 (3)容纳 (4) to/into(5)stealing/having stolen (6)to be
3.【即时练】答案:①occurred ②to ③that ④ to⑤It ⑥to give
4.【即时练】答案:①earnings ②a ③earned him a place
5.【即时练】答案:① punishment/being punished ②from ③from④being killed⑤ a narrow escape⑥被遗忘
6.【即时练】答案:(1)in (2) down(3) building(4) to settle (5)settlers (6)settlement
7.【即时练】答案:(1) to(2) suitable(3)to suit (4) of(5)fits,matches,suits(6)is more suitable for
8.【即时练】答案:①up ②out ③down④ in ⑤down ⑥up ⑦ out
9.【即时练】答案:(1)Apart from being fun and good exercise(2)Apart from some spelling mistakes(3)except for (4)besides(5)except
10.【即时练】答案:①to provide ②to cheer ③to make ④the first to screen his life story
11.【即时练】答案:①which ②whom③each of which will also account for
12.【即时练】答案:①It is likely that②are likely to③are likely to suffer from④It is possible that
语法点
Grammar 省略
为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。英语中的省略有下列几种情况。
一、简单句的省略
1．祈使句的省略。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you。
Open the window.
请(你)打开窗户。
2．在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
(Is there)Anything else
(还有)其他东西吗？
3．疑问句的答语省略。为避免重复而省略疑问句的答语，这也是常见的一种句式省略。
—Are you a student
——你是一名学生吗？
—Yes，I am(a student)．
——是的，我是(一名学生)。
4．感叹句的省略。目的是突出感叹的部分。
What a beautiful girl(she is)!
(她是)多么漂亮的女孩呀！
二、比较结构的省略
在“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构中和由than和as引导的比较句式中，常会有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。
The sooner(you do it)，the better(it will be)．
(你做得)越快(结果就会)越好。
He is cleverer than any other boy (is)．
他比其他男孩聪明。
三、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
My father is a lawyer and my mother (is) a teacher.
我爸爸是律师，我妈妈是教师。
She came into the room and (she) turned on the computer.
她进了房间，打开了电脑。
The news made me angry，but (the news made) John happy.
这条消息使我生气，但却让约翰高兴。
四、主从复合句中的省略
1．宾语从句中，连词that常省略，但当有多个并列宾语从句时，只能省略第一个that。
I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一名教师，也是一位优秀的作家。
2．表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it时，常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
If so(＝If it is so)，you must go back and get it.
如果是这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。
Look out for cars when crossing the street (＝when you are crossing the street)．
穿过街道时要当心车辆。
3．定语从句中的省略。若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语，该关系代词一般可省略。
The car(which/that)his father gave him as a birthday present was stolen.
他父亲送给他的作为生日礼物的那辆汽车被盗了。
五、不定式的省略
1．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。
The book is intended to be read and not (to) be torn.
这本书是供人阅读的而不是供人撕毁的。
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是要让生活更轻松自在，而不是让生活更困难。
2．某些使役动词如make，let，have等，和感官动词如see, watch，notice，observe等，后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
My mother wouldn't let me go to see the film.
我妈妈不会让我去看电影的。
He was noticed to leave the office.
有人注意到他离开了办公室。
3．不定式to后面的内容也可承前省略，此时所省略的成分相当于do so，但一定要有上下文语境。但倘若承前省略的不定式含有作助动词用的have，be的任何形式，to后要保留原形have或be。
—Would you like to study English with me
——你愿意和我一起学英语吗？
—Yes. I'd like to (study English with you)．
——是的，我愿意(和你一起学英语)。
She has succeeded in the final examination，but in fact, she ought to have(succeeded in the final examination)．
她在期末考试中取得了成功，而实际上，她本就该获得成功。
4．介词but，except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着看看(情况)。
六、虚拟语气中的省略
1．虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前，构成部分倒装。
Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.
＝If you had come here yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2．动词advise，suggest(建议)，propose，demand，insist(坚持要求)，require，command，recommend，order等后的宾语从句及It is...that...主语从句中常省略表虚拟语气的should。
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
我们坚持要求他们和我们一起走。
It is necessary that we (should) learn more words by heart.
我们有必要多记一些单词。
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
七、介词的省略
1．在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词：spend time/money (in) doing sth.; have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；prevent/stop sb.(from)doing sth.。
She spends half an hour (in) doing some reading every day.
她每天花半小时读书。
I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。
What prevented him (from) going
什么事阻止了他去？
2．表示时间的介词at，on和in用在next，last，this, each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。
We have a final exam (in) every term.
每学期我们都举行一次期末考试。
八、使用so，not等的省略
英语中，可以使用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can I put my bike here
——我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？
—You'd better not.
——你最好不要。
—Do you think our team will win
——你认为我们队会赢吗？
—I think so.
——我认为会。
单句语法填空
1. Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
2. Her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still hoped ______.
3. One day, he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crops a few inches. He did ______ the nest day.
4. The numbers were smaller than ______ (expect).
5. He opened his lips as if ______ (speak).
1 compared 2 to 3 so 4 expected 5 to speak
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