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新人教版必修第三册Unit 1知识清单
重 点 单 词 1.range n. 一系列;范围,界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化 2.figure n. 人物;数字;身材 vt. 认为;认定 3.gather vi. 聚集;集合 vt. 聚集;搜集;收割 4.feature vt. 以……为特色 n. 特色;特征;特点 5.fade vi.&vt. 逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱 6.gratitude n. 感激之情;感谢 7.march vi.&n.行进;前进;示威游行 8.medium n. 媒介;手段;方法 adj. 中等的;中号的→(pl.) media 9.clap vt. 鼓掌;拍手;击掌 n. 鼓掌;拍手;掌声→clapped/clapped/clapping (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 10.inner adj. 内部的;里面的;内心的 11.fancy adj. 花哨的;精致的;昂贵的 vt. 想要;倾慕;自认为是 12.branch n. 树枝;分支;支流 13.moment n. 片刻;瞬间 14.harvest n. 收获季节;收获;收成 vi.&vt. 收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼) 15.envelope n. 信封;塑料封套 16.lunar adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的 17.eve n. 前夕;前一天 18.ceremony n. 典礼;仪式 19.wedding n. 婚礼;结婚庆典 20.pot n. 罐;壶;锅 21.region n. 地区;区域;地带 22.roast adj. 烤的;焙的 vi.&vt. 烘烤;焙 23.carnival n. 狂欢节;嘉年华 24.church n. (基督教的)教堂;礼拜堂 25.crop n. 庄稼;作物;一季的收成 26.riddle n. 谜语;神秘事件 27.autonomous adj. 自治的;有自治权的 28.costume n. (某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏服 29.firecracker n. 鞭炮;爆竹 30.lantern n.灯笼;提灯 31.firework n. 烟火;烟花 (pl.) 烟花表演 32.tent n. 帐篷 33.eagle n. 雕;老鹰
词 汇 拓 展 1.respect n.&vt. 尊敬;尊重→respectful adj. 有礼貌的;尊重别人的→respected adj. 受人尊重的→respectable adj. 体面的;得体的;值得尊敬的 2.congratulate v. 向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulation n. 祝贺;庆祝 3.occasion n. 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会→occasional adj. 偶尔的,偶然的→occasionally adv. 偶尔,有时 4.decorate vt. 装饰;装潢→decoration n.装饰;装饰品 5.reflect vt. 显示;反映;反射→reflection n. 映像;反映;反射 6.belief n. 信仰;信心;信任→believe v.相信→(反) disbelief n. 不相信;怀疑 7.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的→significance n.重要性;意义→significantly adv. 有重大意义地;显著地 8.joy n. 高兴;喜悦→joyful adj. 高兴的;快乐的 9.represent vt. 象征;代表;相当于→representation n.描绘;代表→representative n.代表;代表性人物 adj. 典型的;有代表性的 10.grace n. 优美;优雅;高雅→graceful adj. 优美的;高雅的→gracefully adv. 优美地;高雅地 11.brief adj. 简洁的;简单的;短暂的→briefly adv. 简洁地;简单地;短暂地 12.religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰→religious adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的 13.origin n. 起源;起因;出身→original adj. 原来的;起初的→originally adv. 原来;起初 14.typical adj. 典型的;有代表性的;平常的→typically adv. 典型地;代表性地 15.absolutely adv. 绝对地;完全地→absolute adj. 绝对的;完全的 16.horrible adj. 令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的→horribly adv. 令人震惊地;恐怖地;极坏地→horror n.震惊;恐惧 17.faith n. 宗教信仰;信任;相信→faithful adj. 忠实的;守信的→faithfully adv. 忠实地 18.charm n. 魅力;迷人的特征;咒语→charming adj. 迷人的;吸引人的 19.pleased adj. 高兴的;满意的→please vt.使愉快;使满意→pleasing adj. 令人愉快的→pleasant adj. 令人愉快的;宜人的→pleasure n.愉快;高兴;乐事 20.frank adj. 坦率的;直率的→frankly adv. 坦率地;直率地 21.agricultural adj. 农业(劳动/生产)→agriculture n. 农业;农艺 22.commercial adj. 商业(化)的;以获利为目的的→commercialise vt. 使商业化;利用……牟利→commercialisation n. 商业化 23.wrestling n. 摔跤运动→wrestle vi.&vt. 摔跤;奋力对付→wrestler n. 摔跤运动员
重 点 短 语 1．dress (sb.) up穿上盛装；装扮 2．after all毕竟；别忘了 3．range from...to...包括从……到……之间 4．fade away逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 5．in spite of不管；尽管 6．take advantage of利用；欺骗；占……的便宜 7．have sth.in common(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 8．to be frank坦白说；坦率地说 9．go off爆炸；走火；离开 10．except for除……之外 11．set off出发；动身；启程
重 点 句 型 1．However，no matter how different they may seem，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，不论它们看起来多么不同，世界各地分享快乐、感恩、爱或者和平的精神在所有的节日中是一样的。 2．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. 因为商家利用庆祝活动，所以节日变得越来越商业化。 3．Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 网上的购物网站和社交媒体的应用程序使人们更加容易地花更多的钱为他们所爱的人购买礼物。 4．I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther. 我听说那是因为孩子们比较轻，马可以跑得更快更远。 5．I’m finally back home now，feeling really tired，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. 现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。
课文语法填空
Today’s festivals have 1 wide range of origins, 2 (include) the seasons of the year, famous figures, important events, and religions. All festivals have the spirit of 3 (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace in common.
The harvest festival is one of the 4 (much) popular festivals and is celebrated in many cultures. In China, families gather 5 (admire) the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Customs play a significant role in festivals, 6 they can change over time. For example, some Chinese cities no longer allow firecrackers during the Spring Festival, as they can increase air 7 (pollute). However, these days, festivals 8 (become) more and more commercial, with people 9 (spend) more money on gifts, which results in different opinions.
Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are 10 (occasion) that allow us to relax and enjoy life.
1. a 2. including 3. sharing 4. most 5. to admire 6. but 7. pollution 8. are becoming 9. spending 10. occasions
知识点
1.congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜
[教材原句] receive congratulations from...(P2) 收到……的祝贺
【考点必记】
(1)offer/send one’s congratulations to sb向某人致以祝贺
make congratulations to sb on sth祝贺某人某事
a letter of congratulation祝贺信
(2)congratulate vt.祝贺
congratulate sb on (doing) sth就(做)某事祝贺某人
[名师点津]
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时,通常用复数形式;作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时,通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
(1)The two sportsmen congratulated each other _______winning the match by shaking hands.
(2)You can congratulate_______ (you) on having done a good job.
③I sincerely express my _______ (congratulate) on your graduating from Beijing University.
④_______ (congratulate)on your happy marriage!
[小情境写作]
(5)我谨对你获得英语演讲比赛一等奖向你表示祝贺。
I would like to _____________________________________ of the English speech contest.
2.range n. 一系列;范围、界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
【词块必记】
(1)a full/wide range of ... 一系列……；各种各样的…… in/within the range of ... 在射程以内；在……范围内 out of range 在……范围外 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 (2)range from ... to ... 包括从……到……之间 range between ... and ... 在……和……范围内变动
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①There will be an increase in ________ range of 0 to 3 per cent.
②Wang Yuanyuan, the scenic area's brand manager, said the ages of its visitors range ________ 20 to 45, and most of them are parents with children.
③This car is ________ the range of most people's pockets; we can't afford it either.
④She puts the picture ________the baby's range of vision.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)In any given office, employees can range from age 22________ 70.
⑥Prices of these toys range________$7 and $10.
⑦The team will hold________ range of activities, including some training and matches.
[佳句背诵]
With the stadium set up,a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
随着体育馆的建立,各种体育赛事得以举行。
3.figure n．人物；数字；身材；画像；雕像vt.认为；认定；计算；描绘
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
[用法感知] (写出下列句中figure的含义)
①Can you read this figure Is it a three or an eight？_______
②The medical scientist, is a leading figure in the battles against SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020._______
③This is the figure of Lu Xun, painted by himself._______
④They figured it was better to stay where they were._______
归纳点拨 (1)figure out 计算出；解决；理解；弄清楚 figure in 把……包括在内/计算在内 (2)keep one's figure 保持身材
【即时练】[小话题写作]
(5)说到中国著名的历史人物,我非常钦佩张骞。
_____________________ in Chinese history,I admire Zhang Qian very much.
⑥If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you _____________________.
如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。
⑦I'm dieting to ________________.
我正在节食以保持身材。
4..significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的
[教材原句] Customs play a significant role in festivals,but sometimes they can change over time.(P4) 风俗习惯在节日中起着重要的作用,但有时会随着时间的推移而变化。
【词块必记】
(1)It is significant that ... ＝significantly 很明显……；重要的是…… (2)significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 the significance of ... ……的重要性/意义 be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要 (3)significantly adv. 显著地；明显地；有重大意义地
【即时练】 (单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)儒家传统特别重视教育,部分原因是它证明了改变生活的潜力。
Confucian traditions _____________________,in part because it has proved life-changing potential.
(2)我们应该牢记合作对社会和我们自己都非常重要。
We should bear in mind that _____________________ both our society and ourselves.
③Your success today may be _______ (significance) to your whole future.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and _______(significant) improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special _______ (significant)．
5.typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的
[教材原句] One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.(P4) 中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱恶鬼、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。
【考点必记】
(1)be typical of...是……的典型/特点
it is typical of sb to do sth做某事是某人特有的做法
(2)typically adv.代表性地;典型地
[用法感知] I don't like the type of person.It is typical of her to complain about everything.
我不喜欢这种人。她一向对任何事都抱怨。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)It is typical of thousands of young teachers _______(quit) their jobs in search of more well-paid work.
(2)It’s about a Chinese romantic story,typical _______ Chinese culture.
(3)His day _______ (typical) begins with a call from some media house,asking for the latest photograph of the Hukou Waterfall.
6.occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会
[教材原句] They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life,and forget about our work for a little while.(P5) 这些场合让我们放松和享受生活,暂时忘记工作。
【词块必记】
(1)on occasion(s) 有时；间或 on this/that occasion 这/那次；在这种/那种场合 on the occasion of ... 在……之际 have occasion to do sth. 有理由做某事；有机会做某事 (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 occasionally adv. 偶然地；有时
[名师点津]
occasion作定语从句的先行词时,如果表示时间,意为“时刻;机会”,关系副词在句中作时间状语用when;如果表示地点,意为“场合”,关系副词在句中作地点状语用where。
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It was really a wonderful occasion _______ not only gave us relaxation, but also got us closer to nature.
②I'd like to give my thanks to all of you _______ this special occasion.
③I go_______( occasion) when there's a game on near home, but usually I watch it on TV.
④He has been known _______ occasion to lose his temper.
⑤I have had no occasion _______ (visit) him recently.
⑥Have you ever met with the occasion_____________________
你曾遇到过被人误解的场合吗？
⑦It's a cheerful occasion _____________________.
我的生日来临的时候是个快乐的时刻。
7.represent vt.象征;代表;相当于；描绘
[教材原句] Naadam means “games” in Mongolian,and it is represented by three events: horse racing,wrestling,and archery,which are all so exciting to watch!(P8) 那达慕在蒙古语中是“游戏”的意思,它有三个项目:赛马、摔跤和射箭,这三个项目都很令人兴奋!
【词块必记】
(1)represent...as/to be...宣称……为……;把……描绘成……
represent sth to sb向某人说明某事;向某人传达某事
represent sb to do sth代表某人做某事
represent oneself as/to be...自称是……
(2)representative n.代表 adj.典型的;有代表性的
a representative of...……的典型代表
(3)representation n.表现;代表;代理
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)She represents her mother _______ the kindest mother in the world.
(2)He represented our school _______ (take) part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.
(3)Our student _______ (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
④Yesterday, another student and I, _______ (represent)our university's student association, went to the airport to meet this year's international students.
⑤He represented _______ (he) to be a friend of my father's, but now we knew the truth.
⑥他自称是个专家，可是他一窍不通。
He ____________________________， but he knows nothing.
⑦Let me represent my ideas_______ you in an easy way.
[佳句背诵]
Sports represent the pursuit of breakthroughs in physical strength while music stands for the outburst of passion from inside the heart.
体育运动代表着对体力突破的追求,而音乐则代表着内心激情的迸发。
8.respect n. & vt.尊敬;尊重
[教材原句] It is a day for people in China to show respect to seniors.(P10)在中国,这是一个尊敬老人的日子。
【词块必记】
(1)respect...as...尊敬某人为……
respect sb for sth因某事而尊重某人
have/show respect for sb尊重某人
give/send one’s respects to sb向某人表示敬意
out of respect (for...)出于(对……的)尊敬
in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面
in respect of=with respect to关于;就……而言
(3)respectable adj.值得尊敬的
respectful adj.对人尊重的
respective adj.各自的
[名师点津]
respect表示“尊重;敬重”时为不可数名词;表示“细节;方面”时为可数名词;表示“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ________ (respect) Flora's space.
②(朗文当代)Old people deserve to be treated ________ respect.
③(牛津高阶)She has a healthy respect ________ her rival's talents.
（单句表达）
④(中国日报)为全面建成小康社会，2015年，中央加大了全国脱贫攻坚力度。
To build a moderately prosperous society ____________， the central government stepped up its nationwide campaign to eliminate poverty in 2015.
⑤(剑桥高阶)新教师必须要赢得学生的尊重。
New teachers have to ____________________ their students.
9.dress (sb) up穿上盛裝;装扮
[教材原句] dress up in carnival costumes (P2) 穿上狂欢节的服装
归纳点拨 (1)dress sb.up/dress up sb. 打扮某人；为某人化妆 dress up sth./dress sth.up 掩盖某事；修饰/美化某物 (2)dress sb./oneself up as ...把某人/自己打扮成…… (3)be dressed in 穿着
【即时练】
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①_______ (dress) in a red coat, she looks more beautiful.
②I just love the fun of dressing ________ in another era's clothing.
③(牛津高阶)他不知道如何穿着得体。
He has no idea of ______________________．
④They tried to dress him up_______ a “national hero”．
⑤She likes to______________ nicely for a party.
她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。
⑥It's no use trying to ______________.
试图掩盖事实是没有用的。
10.after all毕竟;别忘了
[教材原句] I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.After all,as you know,I love to dance!(P3) 我认为里约狂欢节会是最令人兴奋的。毕竟,你知道我爱跳舞!
[用法感知] (写出下列句中after all的含义)
①I think we should let her go there alone.After all, she is eighteen. She's not a child any longer.________
②I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I passed it after all.________
③It's not surprising you are tired.After all, you stayed up until three last night.________
[归纳点拨]
in all 总共 at all 丝毫；根本 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 first of all 首先；第一 all in all 总而言之；总的来说
[名师点津]
after all置于句首,意为“别忘了”,常用来引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由;置于句末,意为“毕竟,到底”,表示“虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预料中的情况相反”。
【即时练】 (选用上述短语填空)
④Why are you so anxious？________, it isn't your problem.
⑤They spent 500,000 yuan________ advertising their new products.
⑥In my opinion, you must be smart, confident, and ________, honest.
⑦He is honest. He doesn't like making up an excuse for his failure ________.
⑧________, the conference was a great success.
11.set off出发；动身；启程；使爆炸；引起
[教材原句]On the first day, I set off to the games early with my friend Burin.(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。
[用法感知] (写出下列句中set off的含义)
①Be careful that you don't set the fireworks off by mistake.________
②We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.________
③That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.________
[归纳点拨]
set up 建立；创立 set out (to do) 开始(做) set aside 把……放在一边；留出；不理会 set down 写下；记下 set about doing 开始做
【即时练】 (单句语法填空)
④The moment she arrived home, she set out________(clean) the house.
⑤The child asked his father how he should set about ________ (do) the work.
12.with复合结构表示状态或背景，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语
[教材原句]Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.
节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。
[归纳点拨]
句中的“with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations”为with复合结构作状语。with复合结构的常见构成如下： with＋宾语＋
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)With the homework ________ (finish), the boy went out to play.
②(牛津高阶)Don't stand ________ your hands in your pockets.
③(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones ________ (assist) the crews' efforts.
【单句表达】
④(剑桥高阶)随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
________________， it's a good idea to review your class notes.
⑤(牛津高阶)天气若不很冷，我总开着窗户睡觉。
I sleep ______________________ unless it's really cold.
⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) I sensed that his dilemma gave way to trust in me, __________________ with determination and hope.
我感觉到他的窘境转化为对我的信任，他的眼里闪烁着决心和希望。
13.it is great fun doing/to do sth做某事非常有趣
[教材原句] It was great fun walking along the streets,enjoying the relaxing atmosphere!(P6) 沿街而行享受令人放松的氛围是很有趣的!
【词块必记】
It is no use doing sth.做某事没有用
It is no good/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没乐趣
It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)It is no fun _______ (walk) alone in the park.
(2)It is no use _______ (explain) the reason to him.
(3)It is no good _______ (quarrel) with him about it.
14.动词ing形式作定语
[教材原句] During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。
[归纳点拨]
1．动名词作定语修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的某种性能或用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋for＋doing”。
2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示所修饰词的性质或特征等。
3．单个的现在分词作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；现在分词短语作定语时常放在被修饰词后作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
[名师点津] 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is also being used to help patients _______ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)200 students from all grades were involved in this _______ (run) race.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The most _______ (puzzle) thing is that our tone is too monotonous to present the character's inner heart fully.
④Spring Festival couplets use some positive words _______ (show) wishes for love, health, success and so on.
⑤I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work _______ (do)．
⑥Our school went on an _______ (organize) trip last week.
【即时练】答案: (1)on (2) yourself ③congratulations ④ Congratulations(5)express my congratulations to you on your winning first prize
2.【即时练】答案:①the ②from ③beyond ④within/in ⑤to ⑥ between ⑦ a
3. [用法感知]答案:1.数字2.人物3.画像4.认为 【即时练】答案:5.When it comes to famous figures 6.figure it out 7. keep my figure
4.【即时练】答案:1.attach particular significance to education 2.teamwork is of great significance to 3.significant 4.significantly 5.significance
5.【即时练】答案:1.to quit 2.of 3.typically
6.【即时练】答案:1.which 2. on 3.occasionally 4.on 5.to visit 6.where you are mistaken 7.when my birthday arrives
7.【即时练】答案：1.as/to be 2.to take 3.representatives 4.representing 5. himself ⑥represents himself as an expert⑦ to
8.【即时练】答案：①respected ②with ③for ④in all respects ⑤earn/gain the respect of
9.答案：①Dressed ②up ③how to dress well 4. as 5. dress herself up 6.dress up the facts
10.[用法感知]答案：1.毕竟2.终究3..别忘了【即时练】4.After all 5. in all 6.above all 7.at all 8.All in all
11答案：1.使爆炸2.出发；动身3.引起4.to clean 5. doing
12.答案: ①finished ②with ③assisting ④With exams approaching ⑤with the window open ⑥with his eyes twinkling
13. 答案: 1. walking 2.explaining 3.quarre(l)ling
14.【即时练】答案: 1.suffering 2.running 3.puzzling 4.showing 5. to do 6.organized
语法点
Grammar 动词-ing形式作定语和表语
语法点拨
动词-ing由“动词原形＋-ing”构成。动词-ing形式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
Ⅰ．动词-ing形式作定语
1．位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。
2．形式：动词-ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和being done三种形式。具体用法如下：
(1)doing作定语
①doing作定语，do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。例如：
boiling water开水
a barking dog狂吠的狗
a developing country一个发展中国家
Don’t wake up the sleeping child.
不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。
Phoebe received an e-mail the other day saying her uncle was coming to visit her.
菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件，说她叔叔要来看她。
②doing作定语，还可表示被修饰词的用途或属性，常在句中作前置定语。例如：
a fishing net(＝a net for fishing)渔网
a walking stick(＝a stick for walking)拐棍
a reading room(＝a room for reading)阅览室
a living room(＝a room for living)起居室，客厅
a writing desk(＝a desk for writing)书桌
She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.
她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
(2)形容词化的doing形式作定语，相当于形容词，表示中心词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的done形式作定语，常表示“感到……的”。试比较：
an exciting story令人兴奋的故事
an excited voice兴奋的声音
a puzzling question令人困惑的问题
a puzzled expression困惑的表情
(3)being done作定语
do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的被动动作。
The house being built here belongs to John.
这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
The meeting being held now is so important that no one is absent.
现在正在召开的会议很重要，所以没有人缺席。
3．扩展成句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。
The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.
(＝The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.)
正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。
名师点津
1．表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语时，表示“令人……的”，此类动词-ed形式作定语时，表示“感到……的”。
2．动词-ing形式作定语如果与被修饰的词之间是被动关系，且强调动作正在进行就用动词-ing形式的被动式，即being done的形式。
Ⅱ．动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
My favorite sport is swimming while my sister’s is playing tennis.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳，而我姐姐最喜欢的运动是打网球。
My full-time job is teaching English, which means I make a living by teaching.
我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。
2．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。
The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news.
这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。
The snake looked quite frightening and the lady let out a cry of scream at the sight of it.
那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。
They are satisfied with their present job.
他们对现在的工作很满意。
单句语法填空
1. It was ______ (astonish) to everyone that the court had made such a decision.
2. By far, there are many problems ______ (remain) to be solved.
3. The woman ______ (look) at her map is a relative of my mothers.
4. Have you got some ______ (interest) storybooks for children
5. Give me the blue raincoat, please, the one ______ (hang) behind the door.
6. Our school went on an ______ (organize) trip last week.
7. I can’t go with you, for I have a lot of work ______ (do).
8. There’s a note pinned to the door ______ (say) when the shop will open again.
9. All customers ______ (travel) on Translink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.
10. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的）, an ______ (age) write looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.
11. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be soften with an ______ (encourage) smile.
1 astonishing 2 remaining 3 looking 4 interesting 5 hanging 6 organized 7 to do 8 saying 9 travelling 10 aging 11 encouraging
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
新人教版必修第三册Unit 1知识清单
重 点 单 词 1. n. 一系列;范围,界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化 2. n. 人物;数字;身材 vt. 认为;认定 3. vi. 聚集;集合 vt. 聚集;搜集;收割 4. vt. 以……为特色 n. 特色;特征;特点 5. vi.&vt. 逐渐消失;(使)褪色;(身体)变得虚弱 6. n. 感激之情;感谢 7. vi.&n.行进;前进;示威游行 8. n. 媒介;手段;方法 adj. 中等的;中号的→(pl.) 9. vt. 鼓掌;拍手;击掌 n. 鼓掌;拍手;掌声→ / / (过去式/过去分词/现在分词) 10. adj. 内部的;里面的;内心的 11. adj. 花哨的;精致的;昂贵的 vt. 想要;倾慕;自认为是 12. n. 树枝;分支;支流 13. n. 片刻;瞬间 14. n. 收获季节;收获;收成 vi.&vt. 收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼) 15. n. 信封;塑料封套 16. adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的 17. n. 前夕;前一天 18. n. 典礼;仪式 19. n. 婚礼;结婚庆典 20. n. 罐;壶;锅 21. n. 地区;区域;地带 22.roast adj. vi.&vt. 23.carnival n. 24.church n. 25.crop n. 26.riddle n. 27.autonomous adj. 28.costume n. 29.firecracker n. 30.lantern n. 31.firework n. (pl.) 32.tent n. 33.eagle n.
词 汇 拓 展 1.respect n.&vt. 尊敬;尊重→ adj. 有礼貌的;尊重别人的→ adj. 受人尊重的→ adj. 体面的;得体的;值得尊敬的 2.congratulate v. 向(某人)道贺;(因某事)为自己感到自豪→ n. 祝贺;庆祝 3.occasion n. 特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会→ adj. 偶尔的,偶然的→ adv. 偶尔,有时 4.decorate vt. 装饰;装潢→ n.装饰;装饰品 5.reflect vt. 显示;反映;反射→ n. 映像;反映;反射 6. n. 信仰;信心;信任→believe v.相信→(反) n. 不相信;怀疑 7.significant adj. 有重大意义的;显著的→ n.重要性;意义→ adv. 有重大意义地;显著地 8.joy n. 高兴;喜悦→ adj. 高兴的;快乐的 9.represent vt. 象征;代表;相当于→ n.描绘;代表→ n.代表;代表性人物 adj. 典型的;有代表性的 10.grace n. 优美;优雅;高雅→ adj. 优美的;高雅的→ adv. 优美地;高雅地 11.brief adj. 简洁的;简单的;短暂的→ adv. 简洁地;简单地;短暂地 12.religion n. 宗教;宗教信仰→ adj. 宗教的;笃信宗教的 13.origin n. 起源;起因;出身→ adj. 原来的;起初的→ adv. 原来;起初 14. adj. 典型的;有代表性的;平常的→ adv. 典型地;代表性地 15. adv. 绝对地;完全地→ adj. 绝对的;完全的 16. adj. 令人震惊的;恐怖的;极坏的→ adv. 令人震惊地;恐怖地;极坏地→horror n.震惊;恐惧 17.faith n. 宗教信仰;信任;相信→ adj. 忠实的;守信的→ adv. 忠实地 18.charm n. 魅力;迷人的特征;咒语→ adj. 迷人的;吸引人的 19. adj. 高兴的;满意的→please vt.使愉快;使满意→ adj. 令人愉快的→ adj. 令人愉快的;宜人的→pleasure n.愉快;高兴;乐事 20.frank adj. 坦率的;直率的→ adv. 坦率地;直率地 21. adj. 农业(劳动/生产)→agriculture n. 农业;农艺 22.commercial adj. 商业(化)的;以获利为目的的→ vt. 使商业化;利用……牟利→ n. 商业化 23. n. 摔跤运动→wrestle vi.&vt. 摔跤;奋力对付→ n. 摔跤运动员
重 点 短 语 1．_________________穿上盛装；装扮 2．_________________毕竟；别忘了 3．_________________包括从……到……之间 4．_________________逐渐消失；(身体)变得虚弱 5．_________________不管；尽管 6．_________________利用；欺骗；占……的便宜7．_________________(兴趣、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征 8．_________________坦白说；坦率地说 9．_________________爆炸；走火；离开 10．_________________除……之外 11．_________________出发；动身；启程
重 点 句 型 1．However，_______________________________，all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy，gratitude，love，or peace is common in all festivals. 然而，不论它们看起来多么不同，世界各地分享快乐、感恩、爱或者和平的精神在所有的节日中是一样的。 2．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，______________________________________________________________. 因为商家利用庆祝活动，所以节日变得越来越商业化。 3．Online shopping websites and social media apps _____________________________________________________________________________________________. 网上的购物网站和社交媒体的应用程序使人们更加容易地花更多的钱为他们所爱的人购买礼物。 4．I heard _______________________________children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther. 我听说那是因为孩子们比较轻，马可以跑得更快更远。 5．I’m finally back home now，_______________________________，but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. 现在我终于回到家了，感到十分疲倦，但是和我的朋友一起欢度“那达慕”大会是完全值得的。
课文语法填空
Today’s festivals have 1 wide range of origins, 2 (include) the seasons of the year, famous figures, important events, and religions. All festivals have the spirit of 3 (share) joy, gratitude, love, or peace in common.
The harvest festival is one of the 4 (much) popular festivals and is celebrated in many cultures. In China, families gather 5 (admire) the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Customs play a significant role in festivals, 6 they can change over time. For example, some Chinese cities no longer allow firecrackers during the Spring Festival, as they can increase air 7 (pollute). However, these days, festivals 8 (become) more and more commercial, with people 9 (spend) more money on gifts, which results in different opinions.
Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are 10 (occasion) that allow us to relax and enjoy life.
知识点
1.congratulation n.祝贺;恭喜
[教材原句] receive congratulations from...(P2) 收到……的祝贺
【考点必记】
(1)offer/send one’s congratulations to sb向某人致以祝贺
make congratulations to sb on sth祝贺某人某事
a letter of congratulation祝贺信
(2)congratulate vt.祝贺
congratulate sb on (doing) sth就(做)某事祝贺某人
[名师点津]
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时,通常用复数形式;作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时,通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
【即时练】[单句语法填空]
(1)The two sportsmen congratulated each other _______winning the match by shaking hands.
(2)You can congratulate_______ (you) on having done a good job.
③I sincerely express my _______ (congratulate) on your graduating from Beijing University.
④_______ (congratulate)on your happy marriage!
[小情境写作]
(5)我谨对你获得英语演讲比赛一等奖向你表示祝贺。
I would like to _____________________________________ of the English speech contest.
2.range n. 一系列;范围、界限 vi.包括;(在一定范围内)变化
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
【词块必记】
(1)a full/wide range of ... 一系列……；各种各样的…… in/within the range of ... 在射程以内；在……范围内 out of range 在……范围外 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 (2)range from ... to ... 包括从……到……之间 range between ... and ... 在……和……范围内变动
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①There will be an increase in ________ range of 0 to 3 per cent.
②Wang Yuanyuan, the scenic area's brand manager, said the ages of its visitors range ________ 20 to 45, and most of them are parents with children.
③This car is ________ the range of most people's pockets; we can't afford it either.
④She puts the picture ________the baby's range of vision.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)In any given office, employees can range from age 22________ 70.
⑥Prices of these toys range________$7 and $10.
⑦The team will hold________ range of activities, including some training and matches.
[佳句背诵]
With the stadium set up,a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
随着体育馆的建立,各种体育赛事得以举行。
3.figure n．人物；数字；身材；画像；雕像vt.认为；认定；计算；描绘
[教材原句] They have a wide range of origins,such as the seasons of the year,religions,famous figures,and important events.(P4) 节日的由来五花八门,比如时节、宗教、著名人物及重要事件。
[用法感知] (写出下列句中figure的含义)
①Can you read this figure Is it a three or an eight？_______
②The medical scientist, is a leading figure in the battles against SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020._______
③This is the figure of Lu Xun, painted by himself._______
④They figured it was better to stay where they were._______
归纳点拨 (1)figure out 计算出；解决；理解；弄清楚 figure in 把……包括在内/计算在内 (2)keep one's figure 保持身材
【即时练】[小话题写作]
(5)说到中国著名的历史人物,我非常钦佩张骞。
_____________________ in Chinese history,I admire Zhang Qian very much.
⑥If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you _____________________.
如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。
⑦I'm dieting to ________________.
我正在节食以保持身材。
4..significant adj.有重大意义的;显著的
[教材原句] Customs play a significant role in festivals,but sometimes they can change over time.(P4) 风俗习惯在节日中起着重要的作用,但有时会随着时间的推移而变化。
【词块必记】
(1)It is significant that ... ＝significantly 很明显……；重要的是…… (2)significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 the significance of ... ……的重要性/意义 be of (great/no/little) significance to ... 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to ... 认为……(很)重要 (3)significantly adv. 显著地；明显地；有重大意义地
【即时练】 (单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)儒家传统特别重视教育,部分原因是它证明了改变生活的潜力。
Confucian traditions _____________________,in part because it has proved life-changing potential.
(2)我们应该牢记合作对社会和我们自己都非常重要。
We should bear in mind that _____________________ both our society and ourselves.
③Your success today may be _______ (significance) to your whole future.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and _______(significant) improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries special _______ (significant)．
5.typical adj.典型的;有代表性的;平常的
[教材原句] One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year.(P4) 中国春节燃放鞭炮以驱恶鬼、贺新年这一典型风俗就是一个例子。
【考点必记】
(1)be typical of...是……的典型/特点
it is typical of sb to do sth做某事是某人特有的做法
(2)typically adv.代表性地;典型地
[用法感知] I don't like the type of person.It is typical of her to complain about everything.
我不喜欢这种人。她一向对任何事都抱怨。
【即时练】
[单句语法填空]
(1)It is typical of thousands of young teachers _______(quit) their jobs in search of more well-paid work.
(2)It’s about a Chinese romantic story,typical _______ Chinese culture.
(3)His day _______ (typical) begins with a call from some media house,asking for the latest photograph of the Hukou Waterfall.
6.occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);(适当的)机会
[教材原句] They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life,and forget about our work for a little while.(P5) 这些场合让我们放松和享受生活,暂时忘记工作。
【词块必记】
(1)on occasion(s) 有时；间或 on this/that occasion 这/那次；在这种/那种场合 on the occasion of ... 在……之际 have occasion to do sth. 有理由做某事；有机会做某事 (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 occasionally adv. 偶然地；有时
[名师点津]
occasion作定语从句的先行词时,如果表示时间,意为“时刻;机会”,关系副词在句中作时间状语用when;如果表示地点,意为“场合”,关系副词在句中作地点状语用where。
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It was really a wonderful occasion _______ not only gave us relaxation, but also got us closer to nature.
②I'd like to give my thanks to all of you _______ this special occasion.
③I go_______( occasion) when there's a game on near home, but usually I watch it on TV.
④He has been known _______ occasion to lose his temper.
⑤I have had no occasion _______ (visit) him recently.
⑥Have you ever met with the occasion_____________________
你曾遇到过被人误解的场合吗？
⑦It's a cheerful occasion _____________________.
我的生日来临的时候是个快乐的时刻。
7.represent vt.象征;代表;相当于；描绘
[教材原句] Naadam means “games” in Mongolian,and it is represented by three events: horse racing,wrestling,and archery,which are all so exciting to watch!(P8) 那达慕在蒙古语中是“游戏”的意思,它有三个项目:赛马、摔跤和射箭,这三个项目都很令人兴奋!
【词块必记】
(1)represent...as/to be...宣称……为……;把……描绘成……
represent sth to sb向某人说明某事;向某人传达某事
represent sb to do sth代表某人做某事
represent oneself as/to be...自称是……
(2)representative n.代表 adj.典型的;有代表性的
a representative of...……的典型代表
(3)representation n.表现;代表;代理
【即时练】(单句语法填空/完成句子)
(1)She represents her mother _______ the kindest mother in the world.
(2)He represented our school _______ (take) part in the competition and all of us were proud of him.
(3)Our student _______ (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
④Yesterday, another student and I, _______ (represent)our university's student association, went to the airport to meet this year's international students.
⑤He represented _______ (he) to be a friend of my father's, but now we knew the truth.
⑥他自称是个专家，可是他一窍不通。
He ____________________________， but he knows nothing.
⑦Let me represent my ideas_______ you in an easy way.
[佳句背诵]
Sports represent the pursuit of breakthroughs in physical strength while music stands for the outburst of passion from inside the heart.
体育运动代表着对体力突破的追求,而音乐则代表着内心激情的迸发。
8.respect n. & vt.尊敬;尊重
[教材原句] It is a day for people in China to show respect to seniors.(P10)在中国,这是一个尊敬老人的日子。
【词块必记】
(1)respect...as...尊敬某人为……
respect sb for sth因某事而尊重某人
have/show respect for sb尊重某人
give/send one’s respects to sb向某人表示敬意
out of respect (for...)出于(对……的)尊敬
in all/many respects在各个方面/在许多方面
in respect of=with respect to关于;就……而言
(3)respectable adj.值得尊敬的
respectful adj.对人尊重的
respective adj.各自的
[名师点津]
respect表示“尊重;敬重”时为不可数名词;表示“细节;方面”时为可数名词;表示“敬意;问候”时,多用复数形式。
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ________ (respect) Flora's space.
②(朗文当代)Old people deserve to be treated ________ respect.
③(牛津高阶)She has a healthy respect ________ her rival's talents.
（单句表达）
④(中国日报)为全面建成小康社会，2015年，中央加大了全国脱贫攻坚力度。
To build a moderately prosperous society ____________， the central government stepped up its nationwide campaign to eliminate poverty in 2015.
⑤(剑桥高阶)新教师必须要赢得学生的尊重。
New teachers have to ____________________ their students.
9.dress (sb) up穿上盛裝;装扮
[教材原句] dress up in carnival costumes (P2) 穿上狂欢节的服装
归纳点拨 (1)dress sb.up/dress up sb. 打扮某人；为某人化妆 dress up sth./dress sth.up 掩盖某事；修饰/美化某物 (2)dress sb./oneself up as ...把某人/自己打扮成…… (3)be dressed in 穿着
【即时练】
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①_______ (dress) in a red coat, she looks more beautiful.
②I just love the fun of dressing ________ in another era's clothing.
③(牛津高阶)他不知道如何穿着得体。
He has no idea of ______________________．
④They tried to dress him up_______ a “national hero”．
⑤She likes to______________ nicely for a party.
她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加晚会。
⑥It's no use trying to ______________.
试图掩盖事实是没有用的。
10.after all毕竟;别忘了
[教材原句] I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.After all,as you know,I love to dance!(P3) 我认为里约狂欢节会是最令人兴奋的。毕竟,你知道我爱跳舞!
[用法感知] (写出下列句中after all的含义)
①I think we should let her go there alone.After all, she is eighteen. She's not a child any longer.________
②I thought I was going to fail the exam, but I passed it after all.________
③It's not surprising you are tired.After all, you stayed up until three last night.________
[归纳点拨]
in all 总共 at all 丝毫；根本 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 first of all 首先；第一 all in all 总而言之；总的来说
[名师点津]
after all置于句首,意为“别忘了”,常用来引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由;置于句末,意为“毕竟,到底”,表示“虽然有前面说过的话”或“和预料中的情况相反”。
【即时练】 (选用上述短语填空)
④Why are you so anxious？________, it isn't your problem.
⑤They spent 500,000 yuan________ advertising their new products.
⑥In my opinion, you must be smart, confident, and ________, honest.
⑦He is honest. He doesn't like making up an excuse for his failure ________.
⑧________, the conference was a great success.
11.set off出发；动身；启程；使爆炸；引起
[教材原句]On the first day, I set off to the games early with my friend Burin.(那达慕大会的)第一天，我和好友布林早早出发来到了会场。
[用法感知] (写出下列句中set off的含义)
①Be careful that you don't set the fireworks off by mistake.________
②We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.________
③That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.________
[归纳点拨]
set up 建立；创立 set out (to do) 开始(做) set aside 把……放在一边；留出；不理会 set down 写下；记下 set about doing 开始做
【即时练】 (单句语法填空)
④The moment she arrived home, she set out________(clean) the house.
⑤The child asked his father how he should set about ________ (do) the work.
12.with复合结构表示状态或背景，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语
[教材原句]Festivals are becoming more and more commercial，with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.
节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。
[归纳点拨]
句中的“with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations”为with复合结构作状语。with复合结构的常见构成如下： with＋宾语＋
【即时练】
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)With the homework ________ (finish), the boy went out to play.
②(牛津高阶)Don't stand ________ your hands in your pockets.
③(2022·全国乙卷)That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones ________ (assist) the crews' efforts.
【单句表达】
④(剑桥高阶)随着考试的临近，复习一下你的课堂笔记是个不错的主意。
________________， it's a good idea to review your class notes.
⑤(牛津高阶)天气若不很冷，我总开着窗户睡觉。
I sleep ______________________ unless it's really cold.
⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) I sensed that his dilemma gave way to trust in me, __________________ with determination and hope.
我感觉到他的窘境转化为对我的信任，他的眼里闪烁着决心和希望。
13.it is great fun doing/to do sth做某事非常有趣
[教材原句] It was great fun walking along the streets,enjoying the relaxing atmosphere!(P6) 沿街而行享受令人放松的氛围是很有趣的!
【词块必记】
It is no use doing sth.做某事没有用
It is no good/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没乐趣
It is a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间
【即时练】
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
(1)It is no fun _______ (walk) alone in the park.
(2)It is no use _______ (explain) the reason to him.
(3)It is no good _______ (quarrel) with him about it.
14.动词ing形式作定语
[教材原句] During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
在中国的中秋节，家家户户欢聚一堂，观赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。
[归纳点拨]
1．动名词作定语修饰名词，说明被修饰名词的某种性能或用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋for＋doing”。
2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示所修饰词的性质或特征等。
3．单个的现在分词作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；现在分词短语作定语时常放在被修饰词后作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
[名师点津] 现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
【即时练】(单句语法填空)
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It is also being used to help patients _______ (suffer) dementia, a serious illness of the mind.
②(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)200 students from all grades were involved in this _______ (run) race.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The most _______ (puzzle) thing is that our tone is too monotonous to present the character's inner heart fully.
④Spring Festival couplets use some positive words _______ (show) wishes for love, health, success and so on.
⑤I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work _______ (do)．
⑥Our school went on an _______ (organize) trip last week.
语法点
Grammar 动词-ing形式作定语和表语
语法点拨
动词-ing由“动词原形＋-ing”构成。动词-ing形式可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
Ⅰ．动词-ing形式作定语
1．位置：单个动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing形式短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。
2．形式：动词-ing形式作定语(以do为例)有doing、形容词化的doing和being done三种形式。具体用法如下：
(1)doing作定语
①doing作定语，do与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的主动动作。例如：
boiling water开水
a barking dog狂吠的狗
a developing country一个发展中国家
Don’t wake up the sleeping child.
不要吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子。
Phoebe received an e-mail the other day saying her uncle was coming to visit her.
菲比前几天收到一封电子邮件，说她叔叔要来看她。
②doing作定语，还可表示被修饰词的用途或属性，常在句中作前置定语。例如：
a fishing net(＝a net for fishing)渔网
a walking stick(＝a stick for walking)拐棍
a reading room(＝a room for reading)阅览室
a living room(＝a room for living)起居室，客厅
a writing desk(＝a desk for writing)书桌
She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.
她每周在当地的游泳池训练五次。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。
(2)形容词化的doing形式作定语，相当于形容词，表示中心词的性质，意为“令人……的”；形容词化的done形式作定语，常表示“感到……的”。试比较：
an exciting story令人兴奋的故事
an excited voice兴奋的声音
a puzzling question令人困惑的问题
a puzzled expression困惑的表情
(3)being done作定语
do与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示正在进行的被动动作。
The house being built here belongs to John.
这里正在建的那所房子是约翰的。
The meeting being held now is so important that no one is absent.
现在正在召开的会议很重要，所以没有人缺席。
3．扩展成句：动词-ing形式短语作后置定语时可以扩展成定语从句。
The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.
(＝The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.)
正和我们校长谈话的那个人是汤姆的父亲。
名师点津
1．表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语时，表示“令人……的”，此类动词-ed形式作定语时，表示“感到……的”。
2．动词-ing形式作定语如果与被修饰的词之间是被动关系，且强调动作正在进行就用动词-ing形式的被动式，即being done的形式。
Ⅱ．动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
My favorite sport is swimming while my sister’s is playing tennis.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳，而我姐姐最喜欢的运动是打网球。
My full-time job is teaching English, which means I make a living by teaching.
我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。
2．动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式作表语有时相当于形容词，表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。
The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news.
这个消息太令人兴奋了，我们听到这个消息都很兴奋。
The snake looked quite frightening and the lady let out a cry of scream at the sight of it.
那条蛇看起来很吓人，那位女士一看到它就发出一声尖叫。
They are satisfied with their present job.
他们对现在的工作很满意。
单句语法填空
1. It was ______ (astonish) to everyone that the court had made such a decision.
2. By far, there are many problems ______ (remain) to be solved.
3. The woman ______ (look) at her map is a relative of my mothers.
4. Have you got some ______ (interest) storybooks for children
5. Give me the blue raincoat, please, the one ______ (hang) behind the door.
6. Our school went on an ______ (organize) trip last week.
7. I can’t go with you, for I have a lot of work ______ (do).
8. There’s a note pinned to the door ______ (say) when the shop will open again.
9. All customers ______ (travel) on Translink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.
10. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的）, an ______ (age) write looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.
11. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be soften with an ______ (encourage) smile.
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