人教版（2019）必修 第三册重难点 动词时态,语态,定语从句,谓语和非谓语动词综合练习 （含解析）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第三册重难点 动词时态,语态,定语从句,谓语和非谓语动词综合练习 （含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-08-08 16:34:02 | ||
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动词时态,语态,定语从句,谓语和非谓语动词综合练习
1．Robert is said (study) abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
2．Scientists work hard (find) out the secrets of the universe.
3．Perhaps she knows she is in the wrong and wants (apology), or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behavior.
4．The festivals is (hold) next Friday.
5．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day.
6．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements.
7．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees.
8．She heard someone (knock) at the door.
9．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher.
10．The kids sat around in groups and had a heated discussion about the questions， (feel )very interested.
11． (judge) from her accent, she must come from Fujian Province.
12．When (complete), the task would be made public.
13． (base) on their demands, the government has taken effective measures.
14．I have no idea about the different types of calligraphy and the meanings (hide) behind each one.
15．She still couldn’t make herself (understand) in English .
16．Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.
17．Jiangsu automatic (自动的) test of listening and speaking (hold) in April every year.
18．Mr. Smith’s strong love for his country (reflect) in his recently published novel.
19．Having written a number of poems, he (regard) as one of the greatest poets in the world.
20．For that reason, it (select) by Time magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010.
21．Right now more than 9, 800 companies are providing such services, of which over 1,800 (establish) last year.
22．After Lincoln (elect) President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and sold most of their furniture.
23．Our headteacher as well as five student representatives (invite) to deliver a speech at
yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony.
24．Not only the students but also the teacher (invite) yesterday.
25．Currently, Porter is translating more poems by Tao Yuanming, and his translation work Poems of the Masters (publish) in China soon.
26．While many people turn to computer for movies and news, it doesn’t mean that the TV set (replace) in the near future.
27．Over the past eighty years, Jane Eyre (translate) into more than 50 languages.
28．Over the past few decades, the air pollution of the city (reduce) by20% thanks to the strict measures taken by the government.
29．So far such behaviors （observe）in dogs, elephants, chimps, and other animals.
30．More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
31．Art, along with music and poetry, (regard) as something inspiring since the Renaissance(文艺复兴).
32．The number of traffic accidents caused by drunk driving (account) for 13% of the total every year.
33．John (contribute) to the local charity by volunteering his time every weekend.
34．The concert began with a piece of relaxing music and (conclude)with a piece of soft music.
35．We (seek) long and hard but found no answer in the past.
36．He (graduate) from New York University with a degree in medicine in 2018.
37．Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.
38．So far some states in the USA (introduce) a new way to avoid this — Traffic School.
39．The government (launch) an advertising campaign to encourage to vote so far.
40．The poor lady had her money (steal) on the bus when coming home.
41． (inspire) by real life, the author wrote a book called Guidelines and Tips for Residents’ Behavior.
42．The play to be produced next month aims mainly (promote) the local culture.
43．Professor Edward was regarded as the best teacher in teaching the students how (revise) essays.
44．The chairman referred to many factors (relate) to the failure of the plan.
45．With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese (appreciate) China’s culture and history.
46．Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, (follow) by the
vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
47．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required.
48．In the US, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband founded Heritage Farm, a place people can store and trade seeds.
49．The app does this by monitoring their time the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning.
50．Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin’s notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of contains Darwin’s “Tree of Life” sketch.
51．The character “three” is shaped like a book, represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai.
52．Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, ChopValue seeks to create one transforms waste into a usable resource.
53．The 1960s was a difficult time Chinese scientists like Tu Youyou had very limited resources and poor technological support.
54．An increasing number of Junior 3 students now decide to further their education in SDSZ students are offered opportunities to harvest growth and explore their passion for life.
55．The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, has been officially listed as a UN floating holiday in its calendar of conferences from 2024, is welcomed by the UN’s member countries.
56．We aim to create a working atmosphere all employees work together to create win-win situations.
57．The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through he could see what is happening outside.
58．Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics. For example, our country has many nationalities, dances, crafts and other traditions are also very important.
59．During my stay in America, I lived in university accommodation with other international students, allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
60．Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of have emotional control issues.
61．With the development of tourism, security is becoming a key point tourists are concerned about.
62．There are some cases many students find themselves hard to get used to so many challenges.
63．Some people intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income,
believing that is where their happiness lies.
64．Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether the north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you’ll notice small stands some crispy and delicious nang is sold.
65．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with expects in the field from she gained a deep knowledge.
66．On the National Day of one year, we went to the lake to set off fireworks. My mother’s house was far away from the spot we would light the fireworks. So we thought the noise might not scare the dogs.
67．After graduation, he joined the very organization was set up to help the seniors.
68．Karen is a passionate supporter of the environmental reform requires large enterprises to stop overusing non-renewable natural resources.
69．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals.
70．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking.
71．I showed great concern for those people lives were greatly affected by the flood.
72．A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event usually causes great damage and can ruin many people’s lives.
73．The teacher is talking to the student homework hasn’t been turned in.
74．There are some apps can help to connect people with similar interests.
75．They were impressed by the schools they had visited in the poor village and decided to help them.
76．On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple (date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
77．A few weeks into this school year, Lisa and I had co-authored a play (base) on our favourite novel, Little Women.
78．Don’t hesitate (tell) your parents how you love and miss them.
79．In Chinese culture, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong”, the image of which appears on many cultural artifacts (pass) down through Chinese history.
80．However, after learning for about six months, I was asked to perform something at the year-end concert (arrange) by my teacher.
参考答案：
1．to have studied
【详解】考查动词不定式的完成式。句意：据说罗伯特在国外学习过，但我不知道他在哪个国家学习过。根据句意和句子结构，此处考查be said后接动词不定式，意为“据说做某事”，根据下文的studied可知，study这一动作先于say这一动作发生，故设空处应用完成式，study与逻辑主语Robert之间为主动关系，用主动语态。故填to have studied。
2．to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们努力工作以发现宇宙的秘密。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用find的不定式形式。故填to find。
3．to apologize/to apologise
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：或许，她知道自己错了，想要道歉，或许她对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。固定搭配wants to do sth. (想要做某事)，动词apologize/apologise用不定式形式，作宾语。故填to apologize/apologise。
4．to be held
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：节日定于下周五举行。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，The festivals与hold为被动关系，再由next Friday可知，这里应用不定式被动语态作表语。故填to be held。
5．chatting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子每天花几个小时在电话上和她的朋友聊天。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.，此处为动名词作宾语，表示花费时间聊天。故填chatting。
6．being influenced
【详解】考查动名词。句意：没有人能避免受到广告的影响。分析句子可知，本句的谓语动词是avoid，所以设空处应该填入名词或动名词作动词avoid的宾语。又因为主语No one与influence之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being influenced。故填being influenced。
7．being caught
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。
8．knocking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她听到有人敲门。本句谓语为heard，此处为非谓语动词，hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”，本空用knock“敲”的现在分词，作宾补。故填knocking。
9．standing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在那里手里拿着一本书的那个人是我的英语老师。此处stand与man为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填standing。
10．feeling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们围坐在一起，对问题进行了热烈的讨论，感到非常感兴趣。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语The kids与feel之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填feeling。
11．Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从她的口音判断，她一定是福建人。本句谓语为must come from，此处为非谓语动词。judging from为固定搭配，意为“根据……判断”，作状语，judging位于句首，首字母大写。故填Judging。
12．completed
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：任务完成后，将向公众公布。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。“When _______ (complete)”是时间状语从句，原句为“When the task was completed”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略the task was后，应保留过去分词completed。故填completed。
13．Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据他们的要求，政府采取了有效措施。be based on“以……为依据”，为固定短语，使用过去分词作状语。故填Based。
14．hidden
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我对不同种类的书法以及每种书法背后隐藏的意义一无所知。本句谓语为have，此处为非谓语动词，且meanings与hide“隐藏”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰meanings。故填hidden。
15．understood
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她仍然不能用英语使自己被别人理解。空处需要非谓动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语herself之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填
understood。
16．are passed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：幸运的是，许多传统艺术形式，如无锡戏曲，被传承下来并保持了活力。pass (传承)是句中谓语动词，与主语many traditional art forms之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are passed。
17．is held
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：江苏的听力和口语自动化测试每年4月举行。由every year可知，句子陈述习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，Jiangsu automatic test of listening and speaking是被举办的，应用被动语态，test是单数形式，be动词使用is。故填is held。
18．is reflected
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：史密斯先生对祖国的强烈热爱反映在他最近出版的小说中。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时态，且该动词和主语Mr. Smith’s strong love之间为被动关系，所以该句子为一般现在时态的被动语态。故填is reflected。
19．is regarded
【详解】考查时态、语态以及主谓一致。句意：他写了许多诗，被认为是世界上最伟大的诗人之一。分析句子可知，此空需要填一个谓语动词；主语he和谓语动词regard之间为被动关系；再根据句意，判断此句为一般现在时。综上，此空应填一般现在时的被动语态。故填is regarded。
20．was selected
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：因此，它被《时代》杂志选为2010年世界上十大最危险的建筑之一。根据“in 2010”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词select意为“挑选”，根据“by Time magazine”可知，此处应用被动语态。主语为第三人称单数。故填was selected。
21．were established
【详解】动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：目前有9800多家公司提供这类服务，其中1800多家是去年成立的。of which引导非限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作谓语，主语over 1, 800 (companies)与动词establish之间为被动关系，且主语表示复数概念，又根据后面的时间状语last year可知此从句应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were established。
22．was elected
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了这所房子，卖掉了大部分家具。根据in 1861可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且Lincoln与elect“选举”为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Lincoln为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was elected。
23．was invited
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我们的校长和五位学生代表应邀在昨天的成人典礼上致辞。校长和五位学生代表是被邀请，由at yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个并列的名词时，谓语动词根据前面的主语来确定，即根据Our headteacher来确定，Our headteacher是单数，因此空格处是was invited。故填was invited。
24．was invited
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天不仅学生们被邀请了，老师也被邀请了。根据yesterday可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语students和teacher与invite之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；not only...but also...并列两个名词作主语时，适用就近原则，即谓语动词的形式和最近的主语保持一致，本句和teacher保持一致，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填was invited。
25．will be published
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：目前，波特正在翻译更多的陶渊明的诗歌，他的翻译作品《大师的诗》即将在中国出版。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意及时间状语soon可知，此处应为一般将来时，且publish与主语his translation work Poems of the Masters之间为被动关系，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be published。
26．will be replaced
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：虽然许多人转向电脑看电影和新闻，但这并不意味着电视机将在不久的将来被取代。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，结合时间状语in the near future可知，时态应用一般将来时，replace“替代，取代”和主语the TV set之间是被动的关系，应用被动语态，因此空处应用will be done的形式。故填will be replaced。
27．has been translated
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的八十年，《简爱》已经被翻译成了50多种语言。此空作谓语动词，Jane Eyre作主语，为单数，根据时间状语可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语与translate之间为被动关系，故填has been translated。
28．has been reduced
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：过去的几十年，在政府采取的严格的措施下，城市的空气污染减少了20%。此处作谓语动词，主语为the air pollution，为单数，与reduce之间为被动关系，且时间状语为over the past few years，故应用现在完成时的被动，故填has been reduced。
29．have been observed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，这种行为已经在狗、大象、黑猩猩和其他动物身上观察到。根据So far可知，本句为现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故填have been observed。
30．have been collected
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自两兄弟成立该组织以来，已经收集了5000多辆旧自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句since可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语More than 5,000 used bikes为复数名词和动词collect为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been collected。
31．has been regarded
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：自文艺复兴以来，艺术、音乐和诗歌一直被视为鼓舞人心的东西。根据时间状语since the Renaissance可知，本句为现在完成时，主语Art与谓语为被动关系，且为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has been regarded。
32．accounts
【详解】考查时态。句意：每年因酒后驾车造成的交通事故占交通事故总数的13%。根据句意可知，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，the number of+可数名词，谓语动词为单数，account for“（在数量、比例上）占”。故填accounts。
33．contributes
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：约翰每周末自愿抽出时间为当地的慈善机构做贡献。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语every weekend可知，本句陈述习惯性发生的动作，应用一般现在时，主语John是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填contributes。
34．concluded
【详解】考查时态。句意：音乐会以一首轻松的音乐开始，并以一首柔和的音乐结束。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填concluded。
35．sought
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们寻找了很长时间，但在过去没有找到答案。由found可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式sought，故填sought。
36．graduated
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他2018年毕业于纽约大学，获得医学学位。根据时间状语in 2018可知，本句的时态要用一般过去时，所以谓语动词要用动词的过去式形式。故填graduated。
37．have organized/have been organizing
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。根据“Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去，主语为all government units, organizations and streets communities，助动词用have。故填have organized/have been organizing。
38．have introduced
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，美国的一些州已经引入了一种新的方法来避免这种情况——交通学校。根据时间状语So far可知，谓语动词introduce应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语states为复数，主谓一致，故填have introduced。
39．has launched
【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，政府已经发起了一场鼓励投票的广告活动。根据“so far.”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为单数，助动词使用has。故填has launched。
40．stolen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位可怜的女士在回家的公共汽车上被人偷了钱。steal(偷)作使役动词had后宾语her money的补足语，与其逻辑主语her money之间是被动关系，用过去分词stolen表被动。故填stolen。
41．Inspired
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：受到真实生活的启示，作者写了一本叫做《居民行为准则和建议》的书。此处作状语，主语the author与inspire之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故填Inspired。
42．to promote
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月将要上演的这部剧主要旨在推广当地文化。aim to do
sth.“目标是做某事”，所以空处需要动词不定式作宾语。故填to promote。
43．to revise
【详解】考查不定式。句意：Edward教授被誉为教学生如何修改论文的最好的老师。此处为“疑问词how+to do”作宾语，故填to revise。
44．related
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：主席提到了许多与计划失败有关的因素。relate不是谓语动词，它和factors之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语，relate...to...：与……有关。故填related。
45．to appreciate
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语，以欣赏中国的文化和历史。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to appreciate。
46．followed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行，随后玉兔号月球车被送往月球研究其表面。空处需要非谓语动词作状语，该动词和其逻辑主语“Shenzhou 6 and 7”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填followed。
47．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 pounds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。
48．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在美国，黛安·奥特·惠里和她的丈夫创立了传统农场，人们可以在这里储存和交易种子。定语从句修饰先行词place，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
49．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该应用程序通过监测用户睡觉的时间来实现这一点，这意味着每天早上醒来时你会感觉不那么困了。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词time，先行词指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
50．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记本从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本里有达尔文的“生命之树”草图。空处位于that引导的宾语从句中，根据空前谓语动词had been missing和空后谓语动词contains，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two of Charles Darwin’s notebooks，构成“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
51．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“三”字形似书，代表了荣宝斋悠久的历史传统。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且空处在定语从句中作主语，指代主句“The character “three” is shaped like a book”，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
52．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：ChopValue追求的不是典型的“开采-制造-废弃”经济模式，而是打造一个将废弃物转化为可用资源的经济模式。根据空前谓语动词seeks和空后谓语动词transforms，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，one指代an economy model，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，one为不定代词，其后定语从句不宜用which引导，应用关系代词that。故填that。
53．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪60年代是一个艰难的时期，像屠呦呦这样的中国科学家资源非常有限，技术支持也很差。定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
54．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的初三学生选择在SDSZ继续他们的教育，在这里，学生们有机会收获成长，探索他们对生活的热情。空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词SDSZ作地点状语。故填where。
55．which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：农历新年或春节从2024年起已正式被列为联合国会议日历中的一个浮动假日，这被联合国成员国所欢迎。横线前有名词，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句，横线在从句中作主语，指代整个句子，故填which。
56．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的目标是创造一个所有员工共同努力，创造双赢的工作
氛围。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为atmosphere，看作地点，作定语从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
57．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个顽皮的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到外面发生的事情。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词through+关系代词引导的定语从句，代替先行词hole在从句中作through的宾语成分，应用关系代词which。故填which。
58．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：文化遗产不仅仅是文物。例如，我国有许多民族，他们的舞蹈、手工艺和其他传统也很重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词many nationalities与空后的“dances, crafts and other traditions”之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose。故填whose。
59．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在美国期间，我和其他国际学生一起住在大学宿舍，这让我可以接触到来自不同文化背景的人。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代前文I lived in university accommodation with other international students这个事实，引导词在从句中作主语，故使用which。故填which。
60．whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。分析句子可知，空处和空前的many of搭配，构成“many of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词students作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语，关系代词应用whom。故填whom。
61．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着旅游业的发展，安全问题日益成为游客关注的重点。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词point在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which作引导词。故填that/which。
62．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在某些情况下，许多学生发现自己很难适应这么多的挑战。先行词为cases ，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
63．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些意图赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，认为这就是他
们的幸福所在。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为Some people，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰intention，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
64．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：无论你走到新疆的哪个地方，无论是天山的北部还是南部，你都会注意到卖酥脆可口馕的小摊。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stands，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词where。故填where。
65．whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是expects，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。
66．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一年的国庆节，我们去湖边放烟花。我母亲的房子离我们要放烟花的地方很远。所以我们认为噪音可能不会吓到狗。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词是the spot，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where 引导从句。故填where。
67．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业后，他加入了为帮助老年人而成立的组织。空处引导定语从句，先行词是organization，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语且先行词被the very修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
68．which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Karen是环保改革的热心支持者，环保改革要求大型企业停止过度使用不可再生的自然资源。空处引导定语从句，先行词为reform，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
69．who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
70．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剧本朗读并不是帮助学生提高口语的唯一有效练习。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词practice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，并且先行词前面有the only
修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。
71．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常关心那些生活受到洪水严重影响的人们。先行词为 those people，在定语从句中作定语，表示“......的”，关系代词为whose。故填whose。
72．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：灾难是一种非常严重的事故或突发事件，通常会造成巨大的破坏，并可能毁掉许多人的生活。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
73．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师正在和那个没有交作业的学生谈话。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是“student”，关系词在从句中作定语，和“homework”之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。
74．which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一些应用程序可以帮助将有相似兴趣的人联系起来。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是some apps，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
75．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们参观过的贫困村的学校给他们留下了深刻的印象，于是决定帮助他们。“________they had visited in the poor village”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the schools，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
76．dating
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：山顶上矗立着一座可以追溯到唐朝的古庙。an ancient temple与date之间为主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填dating。
77．based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：开学几周后，丽莎和我合写了一部以我们最喜欢的小说《小妇人》为基础的剧本。根据句子的谓语动词“had co-authored”可知，空处应用非谓语形式作后置定语，修饰名词“play”，play与base之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式based，“based on”是一个常见短语，表示“基于；以……为根据”。故填based。
78．to tell
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要犹豫，告诉你的父母你是多么爱他们，多么想念他们。根据谓语动词“hesitate”可知，空处应为非谓语动词形式，作宾语；动词短语hesitate to do sth表示“犹豫做某事”，符合句意。故填to tell。
79．passed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，2024年是龙年，许多中国历史上流传下来的文物上都有龙年的形象。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语cultural artifacts之间为动宾关系，因此用过去分词，本句中为过去分词作后置定语。故填passed。
80．arranged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在学习了大约六个月后，我被要求在老师筹备在年终音乐会上表演一些东西。“(arrange) by my teacher”作后置定语，arrange(筹备)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语concert之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填arranged。
1．Robert is said (study) abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
2．Scientists work hard (find) out the secrets of the universe.
3．Perhaps she knows she is in the wrong and wants (apology), or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behavior.
4．The festivals is (hold) next Friday.
5．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day.
6．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements.
7．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees.
8．She heard someone (knock) at the door.
9．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher.
10．The kids sat around in groups and had a heated discussion about the questions， (feel )very interested.
11． (judge) from her accent, she must come from Fujian Province.
12．When (complete), the task would be made public.
13． (base) on their demands, the government has taken effective measures.
14．I have no idea about the different types of calligraphy and the meanings (hide) behind each one.
15．She still couldn’t make herself (understand) in English .
16．Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.
17．Jiangsu automatic (自动的) test of listening and speaking (hold) in April every year.
18．Mr. Smith’s strong love for his country (reflect) in his recently published novel.
19．Having written a number of poems, he (regard) as one of the greatest poets in the world.
20．For that reason, it (select) by Time magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010.
21．Right now more than 9, 800 companies are providing such services, of which over 1,800 (establish) last year.
22．After Lincoln (elect) President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and sold most of their furniture.
23．Our headteacher as well as five student representatives (invite) to deliver a speech at
yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony.
24．Not only the students but also the teacher (invite) yesterday.
25．Currently, Porter is translating more poems by Tao Yuanming, and his translation work Poems of the Masters (publish) in China soon.
26．While many people turn to computer for movies and news, it doesn’t mean that the TV set (replace) in the near future.
27．Over the past eighty years, Jane Eyre (translate) into more than 50 languages.
28．Over the past few decades, the air pollution of the city (reduce) by20% thanks to the strict measures taken by the government.
29．So far such behaviors （observe）in dogs, elephants, chimps, and other animals.
30．More than 5,000 used bikes (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation.
31．Art, along with music and poetry, (regard) as something inspiring since the Renaissance(文艺复兴).
32．The number of traffic accidents caused by drunk driving (account) for 13% of the total every year.
33．John (contribute) to the local charity by volunteering his time every weekend.
34．The concert began with a piece of relaxing music and (conclude)with a piece of soft music.
35．We (seek) long and hard but found no answer in the past.
36．He (graduate) from New York University with a degree in medicine in 2018.
37．Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.
38．So far some states in the USA (introduce) a new way to avoid this — Traffic School.
39．The government (launch) an advertising campaign to encourage to vote so far.
40．The poor lady had her money (steal) on the bus when coming home.
41． (inspire) by real life, the author wrote a book called Guidelines and Tips for Residents’ Behavior.
42．The play to be produced next month aims mainly (promote) the local culture.
43．Professor Edward was regarded as the best teacher in teaching the students how (revise) essays.
44．The chairman referred to many factors (relate) to the failure of the plan.
45．With China playing a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese (appreciate) China’s culture and history.
46．Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, (follow) by the
vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
47．He used the donated fund and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child the British government required.
48．In the US, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband founded Heritage Farm, a place people can store and trade seeds.
49．The app does this by monitoring their time the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning.
50．Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin’s notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of contains Darwin’s “Tree of Life” sketch.
51．The character “three” is shaped like a book, represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai.
52．Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, ChopValue seeks to create one transforms waste into a usable resource.
53．The 1960s was a difficult time Chinese scientists like Tu Youyou had very limited resources and poor technological support.
54．An increasing number of Junior 3 students now decide to further their education in SDSZ students are offered opportunities to harvest growth and explore their passion for life.
55．The Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, has been officially listed as a UN floating holiday in its calendar of conferences from 2024, is welcomed by the UN’s member countries.
56．We aim to create a working atmosphere all employees work together to create win-win situations.
57．The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through he could see what is happening outside.
58．Cultural heritage is a lot more than just relics. For example, our country has many nationalities, dances, crafts and other traditions are also very important.
59．During my stay in America, I lived in university accommodation with other international students, allows me to meet people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
60．Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of have emotional control issues.
61．With the development of tourism, security is becoming a key point tourists are concerned about.
62．There are some cases many students find themselves hard to get used to so many challenges.
63．Some people intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income,
believing that is where their happiness lies.
64．Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether the north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you’ll notice small stands some crispy and delicious nang is sold.
65．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with expects in the field from she gained a deep knowledge.
66．On the National Day of one year, we went to the lake to set off fireworks. My mother’s house was far away from the spot we would light the fireworks. So we thought the noise might not scare the dogs.
67．After graduation, he joined the very organization was set up to help the seniors.
68．Karen is a passionate supporter of the environmental reform requires large enterprises to stop overusing non-renewable natural resources.
69．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals.
70．Table read is not the only effective practice helps students improve their speaking.
71．I showed great concern for those people lives were greatly affected by the flood.
72．A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event usually causes great damage and can ruin many people’s lives.
73．The teacher is talking to the student homework hasn’t been turned in.
74．There are some apps can help to connect people with similar interests.
75．They were impressed by the schools they had visited in the poor village and decided to help them.
76．On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple (date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
77．A few weeks into this school year, Lisa and I had co-authored a play (base) on our favourite novel, Little Women.
78．Don’t hesitate (tell) your parents how you love and miss them.
79．In Chinese culture, 2024 is the Year of the Dragon, or “loong”, the image of which appears on many cultural artifacts (pass) down through Chinese history.
80．However, after learning for about six months, I was asked to perform something at the year-end concert (arrange) by my teacher.
参考答案：
1．to have studied
【详解】考查动词不定式的完成式。句意：据说罗伯特在国外学习过，但我不知道他在哪个国家学习过。根据句意和句子结构，此处考查be said后接动词不定式，意为“据说做某事”，根据下文的studied可知，study这一动作先于say这一动作发生，故设空处应用完成式，study与逻辑主语Robert之间为主动关系，用主动语态。故填to have studied。
2．to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们努力工作以发现宇宙的秘密。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用find的不定式形式。故填to find。
3．to apologize/to apologise
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：或许，她知道自己错了，想要道歉，或许她对自己的行为有一个简单的解释。固定搭配wants to do sth. (想要做某事)，动词apologize/apologise用不定式形式，作宾语。故填to apologize/apologise。
4．to be held
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：节日定于下周五举行。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，The festivals与hold为被动关系，再由next Friday可知，这里应用不定式被动语态作表语。故填to be held。
5．chatting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子每天花几个小时在电话上和她的朋友聊天。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.，此处为动名词作宾语，表示花费时间聊天。故填chatting。
6．being influenced
【详解】考查动名词。句意：没有人能避免受到广告的影响。分析句子可知，本句的谓语动词是avoid，所以设空处应该填入名词或动名词作动词avoid的宾语。又因为主语No one与influence之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being influenced。故填being influenced。
7．being caught
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。
8．knocking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她听到有人敲门。本句谓语为heard，此处为非谓语动词，hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”，本空用knock“敲”的现在分词，作宾补。故填knocking。
9．standing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在那里手里拿着一本书的那个人是我的英语老师。此处stand与man为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填standing。
10．feeling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们围坐在一起，对问题进行了热烈的讨论，感到非常感兴趣。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语The kids与feel之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填feeling。
11．Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从她的口音判断，她一定是福建人。本句谓语为must come from，此处为非谓语动词。judging from为固定搭配，意为“根据……判断”，作状语，judging位于句首，首字母大写。故填Judging。
12．completed
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：任务完成后，将向公众公布。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。“When _______ (complete)”是时间状语从句，原句为“When the task was completed”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略the task was后，应保留过去分词completed。故填completed。
13．Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据他们的要求，政府采取了有效措施。be based on“以……为依据”，为固定短语，使用过去分词作状语。故填Based。
14．hidden
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我对不同种类的书法以及每种书法背后隐藏的意义一无所知。本句谓语为have，此处为非谓语动词，且meanings与hide“隐藏”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰meanings。故填hidden。
15．understood
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她仍然不能用英语使自己被别人理解。空处需要非谓动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语herself之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填
understood。
16．are passed
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：幸运的是，许多传统艺术形式，如无锡戏曲，被传承下来并保持了活力。pass (传承)是句中谓语动词，与主语many traditional art forms之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are passed。
17．is held
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：江苏的听力和口语自动化测试每年4月举行。由every year可知，句子陈述习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，Jiangsu automatic test of listening and speaking是被举办的，应用被动语态，test是单数形式，be动词使用is。故填is held。
18．is reflected
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：史密斯先生对祖国的强烈热爱反映在他最近出版的小说中。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时态，且该动词和主语Mr. Smith’s strong love之间为被动关系，所以该句子为一般现在时态的被动语态。故填is reflected。
19．is regarded
【详解】考查时态、语态以及主谓一致。句意：他写了许多诗，被认为是世界上最伟大的诗人之一。分析句子可知，此空需要填一个谓语动词；主语he和谓语动词regard之间为被动关系；再根据句意，判断此句为一般现在时。综上，此空应填一般现在时的被动语态。故填is regarded。
20．was selected
【详解】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：因此，它被《时代》杂志选为2010年世界上十大最危险的建筑之一。根据“in 2010”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词select意为“挑选”，根据“by Time magazine”可知，此处应用被动语态。主语为第三人称单数。故填was selected。
21．were established
【详解】动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：目前有9800多家公司提供这类服务，其中1800多家是去年成立的。of which引导非限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作谓语，主语over 1, 800 (companies)与动词establish之间为被动关系，且主语表示复数概念，又根据后面的时间状语last year可知此从句应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were established。
22．was elected
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了这所房子，卖掉了大部分家具。根据in 1861可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且Lincoln与elect“选举”为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语Lincoln为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was elected。
23．was invited
【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我们的校长和五位学生代表应邀在昨天的成人典礼上致辞。校长和五位学生代表是被邀请，由at yesterday’s coming-of-age ceremony可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个并列的名词时，谓语动词根据前面的主语来确定，即根据Our headteacher来确定，Our headteacher是单数，因此空格处是was invited。故填was invited。
24．was invited
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天不仅学生们被邀请了，老师也被邀请了。根据yesterday可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语students和teacher与invite之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；not only...but also...并列两个名词作主语时，适用就近原则，即谓语动词的形式和最近的主语保持一致，本句和teacher保持一致，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填was invited。
25．will be published
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：目前，波特正在翻译更多的陶渊明的诗歌，他的翻译作品《大师的诗》即将在中国出版。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意及时间状语soon可知，此处应为一般将来时，且publish与主语his translation work Poems of the Masters之间为被动关系，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be published。
26．will be replaced
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：虽然许多人转向电脑看电影和新闻，但这并不意味着电视机将在不久的将来被取代。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，结合时间状语in the near future可知，时态应用一般将来时，replace“替代，取代”和主语the TV set之间是被动的关系，应用被动语态，因此空处应用will be done的形式。故填will be replaced。
27．has been translated
【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的八十年，《简爱》已经被翻译成了50多种语言。此空作谓语动词，Jane Eyre作主语，为单数，根据时间状语可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语与translate之间为被动关系，故填has been translated。
28．has been reduced
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：过去的几十年，在政府采取的严格的措施下，城市的空气污染减少了20%。此处作谓语动词，主语为the air pollution，为单数，与reduce之间为被动关系，且时间状语为over the past few years，故应用现在完成时的被动，故填has been reduced。
29．have been observed
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，这种行为已经在狗、大象、黑猩猩和其他动物身上观察到。根据So far可知，本句为现在完成时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故填have been observed。
30．have been collected
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自两兄弟成立该组织以来，已经收集了5000多辆旧自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句since可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语More than 5,000 used bikes为复数名词和动词collect为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been collected。
31．has been regarded
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：自文艺复兴以来，艺术、音乐和诗歌一直被视为鼓舞人心的东西。根据时间状语since the Renaissance可知，本句为现在完成时，主语Art与谓语为被动关系，且为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填has been regarded。
32．accounts
【详解】考查时态。句意：每年因酒后驾车造成的交通事故占交通事故总数的13%。根据句意可知，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，the number of+可数名词，谓语动词为单数，account for“（在数量、比例上）占”。故填accounts。
33．contributes
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：约翰每周末自愿抽出时间为当地的慈善机构做贡献。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语every weekend可知，本句陈述习惯性发生的动作，应用一般现在时，主语John是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填contributes。
34．concluded
【详解】考查时态。句意：音乐会以一首轻松的音乐开始，并以一首柔和的音乐结束。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填concluded。
35．sought
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们寻找了很长时间，但在过去没有找到答案。由found可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式sought，故填sought。
36．graduated
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他2018年毕业于纽约大学，获得医学学位。根据时间状语in 2018可知，本句的时态要用一般过去时，所以谓语动词要用动词的过去式形式。故填graduated。
37．have organized/have been organizing
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。根据“Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去，主语为all government units, organizations and streets communities，助动词用have。故填have organized/have been organizing。
38．have introduced
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，美国的一些州已经引入了一种新的方法来避免这种情况——交通学校。根据时间状语So far可知，谓语动词introduce应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语states为复数，主谓一致，故填have introduced。
39．has launched
【详解】考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，政府已经发起了一场鼓励投票的广告活动。根据“so far.”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为单数，助动词使用has。故填has launched。
40．stolen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位可怜的女士在回家的公共汽车上被人偷了钱。steal(偷)作使役动词had后宾语her money的补足语，与其逻辑主语her money之间是被动关系，用过去分词stolen表被动。故填stolen。
41．Inspired
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：受到真实生活的启示，作者写了一本叫做《居民行为准则和建议》的书。此处作状语，主语the author与inspire之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故填Inspired。
42．to promote
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月将要上演的这部剧主要旨在推广当地文化。aim to do
sth.“目标是做某事”，所以空处需要动词不定式作宾语。故填to promote。
43．to revise
【详解】考查不定式。句意：Edward教授被誉为教学生如何修改论文的最好的老师。此处为“疑问词how+to do”作宾语，故填to revise。
44．related
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：主席提到了许多与计划失败有关的因素。relate不是谓语动词，它和factors之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语，relate...to...：与……有关。故填related。
45．to appreciate
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语，以欣赏中国的文化和历史。此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故填to appreciate。
46．followed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：神舟六号和七号完成了第二次载人轨道飞行，随后玉兔号月球车被送往月球研究其表面。空处需要非谓语动词作状语，该动词和其逻辑主语“Shenzhou 6 and 7”之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填followed。
47．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑。先行词为50 pounds ，作定语从句中required的宾语，关系代词为that或者which。故填that/which。
48．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在美国，黛安·奥特·惠里和她的丈夫创立了传统农场，人们可以在这里储存和交易种子。定语从句修饰先行词place，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
49．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该应用程序通过监测用户睡觉的时间来实现这一点，这意味着每天早上醒来时你会感觉不那么困了。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词time，先行词指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
50．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记本从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本里有达尔文的“生命之树”草图。空处位于that引导的宾语从句中，根据空前谓语动词had been missing和空后谓语动词contains，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two of Charles Darwin’s notebooks，构成“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
51．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“三”字形似书，代表了荣宝斋悠久的历史传统。分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且空处在定语从句中作主语，指代主句“The character “three” is shaped like a book”，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
52．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：ChopValue追求的不是典型的“开采-制造-废弃”经济模式，而是打造一个将废弃物转化为可用资源的经济模式。根据空前谓语动词seeks和空后谓语动词transforms，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，one指代an economy model，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，one为不定代词，其后定语从句不宜用which引导，应用关系代词that。故填that。
53．when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：20世纪60年代是一个艰难的时期，像屠呦呦这样的中国科学家资源非常有限，技术支持也很差。定语从句修饰先行词time，在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
54．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的初三学生选择在SDSZ继续他们的教育，在这里，学生们有机会收获成长，探索他们对生活的热情。空处引导定语从句，关系词指代先行词SDSZ作地点状语。故填where。
55．which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：农历新年或春节从2024年起已正式被列为联合国会议日历中的一个浮动假日，这被联合国成员国所欢迎。横线前有名词，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句，横线在从句中作主语，指代整个句子，故填which。
56．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的目标是创造一个所有员工共同努力，创造双赢的工作
氛围。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为atmosphere，看作地点，作定语从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
57．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个顽皮的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到外面发生的事情。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词through+关系代词引导的定语从句，代替先行词hole在从句中作through的宾语成分，应用关系代词which。故填which。
58．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：文化遗产不仅仅是文物。例如，我国有许多民族，他们的舞蹈、手工艺和其他传统也很重要。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词many nationalities与空后的“dances, crafts and other traditions”之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose。故填whose。
59．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在美国期间，我和其他国际学生一起住在大学宿舍，这让我可以接触到来自不同文化背景的人。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代前文I lived in university accommodation with other international students这个事实，引导词在从句中作主语，故使用which。故填which。
60．whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。分析句子可知，空处和空前的many of搭配，构成“many of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词students作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语，关系代词应用whom。故填whom。
61．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：随着旅游业的发展，安全问题日益成为游客关注的重点。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词point在从句中作宾语，用关系代词that/which作引导词。故填that/which。
62．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在某些情况下，许多学生发现自己很难适应这么多的挑战。先行词为cases ，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
63．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些意图赚大钱的人很感激有机会增加收入，认为这就是他
们的幸福所在。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为Some people，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰intention，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
64．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：无论你走到新疆的哪个地方，无论是天山的北部还是南部，你都会注意到卖酥脆可口馕的小摊。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stands，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词where。故填where。
65．whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是expects，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。
66．where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一年的国庆节，我们去湖边放烟花。我母亲的房子离我们要放烟花的地方很远。所以我们认为噪音可能不会吓到狗。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词是the spot，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where 引导从句。故填where。
67．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：毕业后，他加入了为帮助老年人而成立的组织。空处引导定语从句，先行词是organization，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语且先行词被the very修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
68．which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Karen是环保改革的热心支持者，环保改革要求大型企业停止过度使用不可再生的自然资源。空处引导定语从句，先行词为reform，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
69．who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
70．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：剧本朗读并不是帮助学生提高口语的唯一有效练习。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词practice，指物，在定语从句中作主语，并且先行词前面有the only
修饰，需用关系代词that引导。故填that。
71．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常关心那些生活受到洪水严重影响的人们。先行词为 those people，在定语从句中作定语，表示“......的”，关系代词为whose。故填whose。
72．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：灾难是一种非常严重的事故或突发事件，通常会造成巨大的破坏，并可能毁掉许多人的生活。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
73．whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师正在和那个没有交作业的学生谈话。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是“student”，关系词在从句中作定语，和“homework”之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。
74．which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有一些应用程序可以帮助将有相似兴趣的人联系起来。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是some apps，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
75．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们参观过的贫困村的学校给他们留下了深刻的印象，于是决定帮助他们。“________they had visited in the poor village”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the schools，指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，应用that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
76．dating
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：山顶上矗立着一座可以追溯到唐朝的古庙。an ancient temple与date之间为主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填dating。
77．based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：开学几周后，丽莎和我合写了一部以我们最喜欢的小说《小妇人》为基础的剧本。根据句子的谓语动词“had co-authored”可知，空处应用非谓语形式作后置定语，修饰名词“play”，play与base之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式based，“based on”是一个常见短语，表示“基于；以……为根据”。故填based。
78．to tell
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要犹豫，告诉你的父母你是多么爱他们，多么想念他们。根据谓语动词“hesitate”可知，空处应为非谓语动词形式，作宾语；动词短语hesitate to do sth表示“犹豫做某事”，符合句意。故填to tell。
79．passed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，2024年是龙年，许多中国历史上流传下来的文物上都有龙年的形象。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语cultural artifacts之间为动宾关系，因此用过去分词，本句中为过去分词作后置定语。故填passed。
80．arranged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在学习了大约六个月后，我被要求在老师筹备在年终音乐会上表演一些东西。“(arrange) by my teacher”作后置定语，arrange(筹备)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语concert之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填arranged。