Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures整体教学
动词ing形式作主语
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
语法规则
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1．动词-ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法
功能：动词-ing形式作主语时， 多表示经常性、习惯性的动作， 谓语动词多用单数形式。
Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
散步对于年轻人和老年人来说都是一种好的锻炼方式。
[名师点津] 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时， 谓语动词需用复数形式。
Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有意义的经历。
Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English.
听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。
2．形式主语it代替动名词(短语)作主语。
为保持句子结构前后平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把作主语的动名词(短语)后置。此类句式常见的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth.
浪费时间做某事
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.
做某事没用/是值得的
It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth.
做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It's no use complaining without taking action.
不行动只抱怨是没有用的。
It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
3．句型“There be no＋动名词(短语)”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词(短语)形式作主语。
There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse here.
不能否认这里的环境状况正在逐步恶化。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
[巧学活用1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①It is no use ________ (write) to him; he never answers letters.
②________ (catch) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.
③ ________ (play)computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
④________ (educate) in Beijing University is the dream of many students.
⑤________ (take)a walk after supper is good for your health.
二、动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not, 带有逻辑主语时， not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.
不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。
Not having done his homework makes the teacher angry.
未完成他的作业让老师很生气。
三、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing, 即“sb./sb.'s＋
doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：
①形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing
②名词所有格＋动词-ing
③代词宾格＋动词-ing
④名词＋动词-ing
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
Mary's being ill made her mother upset.
玛丽病了， 这使她妈妈很着急。
[名师点津] 动词-ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时， 不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。
[巧学活用2] 补全句子
①________________ made his teacher very angry.
他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。
②__________________ caused so much trouble.
简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。
四、动词-ing形式的时态和语态
时态 语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
Sometimes being punished may be a good thing.
有时被惩罚可能是一件好事。
Having been given a toy car as a gift made the boy laugh.
那男孩收到一辆玩具汽车作为礼物， 笑了。
[巧学活用3] 补全句子
①____________________ for a long time does great harm to your skin.
暴露在阳光下太长时间会对你的皮肤造成极大伤害。
②____________________ is still embarrassing to him.
他被解雇了， 对此他仍然感到很难堪。
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．_______________ (talk)with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2．It is no use _______________ (regret)your past mistakes.
3．Wesley's _______________ (return)so soon surprised me.
4．Seeing _______________ (be)believing.
5．It is no good _______________(cry)over spilt milk.
6．Their _______________(come)to help was a great encouragement to us.
7．His not _______________(know)English brought him a lot of inconvenience.
8．_______________(read)in bed is bad for your eyes.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。
_______________ is usually a nervous experience for beginners.
2．总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。
In a word, _______________ is considered an important thing.
3．在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
_______________ is not a pleasure but a suffer.
4．躺着晒太阳是很舒服的。
It is pleasant _______________．
5．和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is fun _______________．
能力提升 突破考点
语法填空
1． (surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．It is no use (advocate) improving public transport unless we can pay for it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Nowadays （掌握）a foreign language is necessary. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
5． (nod) the head means saying “yes” in China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6． money on himself means very little to Yuan Longping. (spend) (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．While (be) knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of emphathy should not be understated. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8． (raise) in a family of movie lovers has given me plenty of opportunities to watch movies, especially Hong Kong movies, since I was a little boy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．We think it is no good (allow) children to chat online without any restriction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10． (know) a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11． (cooperate) with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different (angle), thus giving us more insight into our own culture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．In our daily life, (adopt) a positive attitude is of great importance to us. （所给词的适当形式填空）
13． (accompany) her daughter on the piano, when she was available, was a good opportunity to display her talent for music. （所给词的适当形式填空）
14．As the educator puts it, (expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Facing up to your problems rather than (pretend) not to see them is the best approach to working things out. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．It is worthwhile (make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．It is a waste of time (try) to explain the problem to him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．It is well-known that (expose) to the sun too much in the summer will do great harm to your skin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．It is worthwhile (spend) time learning a new language because it broadens your perspective. (所给
词的适当形式填空)
20．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
完成句子
1． , I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much money on it.
尽管旅游能够使我增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的金钱不是一个好主意。
2．Having to school everyday and (必须通过考试) sound bit too much for her. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
3．Under any circumstances, (对……残忍) animals is unacceptable. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
4． the arts may help people live longer.（接触）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
5．把自己暴露在阳光下太久会对你的皮肤有害。(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
will be harmful to your skin.
6．让学生掌握实际的急救技能是非常重要的。非常感谢您的考虑! (动名词作主语)
. Your consideration would be highly appreciated!
7．了解急救技术也意味着在紧急情况下有信心帮助患者。(动名词短语作主语)
also means that one .
8．及时实施急救可以帮助缓解情况的严重性，防止健康状况恶化，甚至挽救生命。(动名词短语作主语)
, prevent health conditions getting worse and even save a life.
9．当你申请这份工作时，有一些相关经验将会有帮助。
when you apply for the job.
10．There is no doubt that poisonous or radioactive minerals can do harm to your health.
毫无疑问，接触有毒或放射性矿物质会损害你的健康。
翻译
1．随意浏览可能是快乐的消遣，却不适合大多数人。(汉译英)
2．学习这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。(study;make＋宾语 ＋宾语补足语)(汉译英)
3．在很多西方国家，在公共场合谈论金钱是不礼貌的。(汉译英)
4．在光线不好的地方看书，肯定对眼睛不好。(汉译英)
5．稍微了解一下英国的历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。(动名词短语作主语）（汉译英）
6．沉迷于刷网红短视频使她学习时总心不在焉。(distract) (汉译英)
7．请记住，保持平衡的生活状态是避免紧张的最好方式。(bear) (汉译英)
8．信不信由你，培养一项实用的技能会让你终身受用。(develop) (汉译英)
9．Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. (英译汉)
10．这家面包房因为使用劣质面粉而成为众矢之的。(target) （汉译英）Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures整体教学
动词ing形式作主语
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
语法规则
一、动词-ing形式作主语
1．动词-ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法
功能：动词-ing形式作主语时， 多表示经常性、习惯性的动作， 谓语动词多用单数形式。
Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
散步对于年轻人和老年人来说都是一种好的锻炼方式。
[名师点津] 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；意义不同的两个动词-ing形式并列作主语时， 谓语动词需用复数形式。
Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有意义的经历。
Listening to the English tapes and watching English films are good ways to learn English.
听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。
2．形式主语it代替动名词(短语)作主语。
为保持句子结构前后平衡，常用it作形式主语，而把作主语的动名词(短语)后置。此类句式常见的有：
It's a waste of time doing sth.
浪费时间做某事
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.
做某事没用/是值得的
It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth.
做某事没好处/没用/没意思
It's no use complaining without taking action.
不行动只抱怨是没有用的。
It is a waste of time talking about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
3．句型“There be no＋动名词(短语)”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词(短语)形式作主语。
There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse here.
不能否认这里的环境状况正在逐步恶化。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
[巧学活用1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①It is no use ________ (write) to him; he never answers letters.
②________ (catch) in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.
③ ________ (play)computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
④________ (educate) in Beijing University is the dream of many students.
⑤________ (take)a walk after supper is good for your health.
二、动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not, 带有逻辑主语时， not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
Not knowing how to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.
不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。
Not having done his homework makes the teacher angry.
未完成他的作业让老师很生气。
三、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词-ing, 即“sb./sb.'s＋
doing”构成。动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：
①形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing
②名词所有格＋动词-ing
③代词宾格＋动词-ing
④名词＋动词-ing
Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
Mary's being ill made her mother upset.
玛丽病了， 这使她妈妈很着急。
[名师点津] 动词-ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时， 不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。
[巧学活用2] 补全句子
①________________ made his teacher very angry.
他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。
②__________________ caused so much trouble.
简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。
四、动词-ing形式的时态和语态
时态 语态
主动语态 被动语态
一般时 doing being done
完成时 having done having been done
Sometimes being punished may be a good thing.
有时被惩罚可能是一件好事。
Having been given a toy car as a gift made the boy laugh.
那男孩收到一辆玩具汽车作为礼物， 笑了。
[巧学活用3] 补全句子
①____________________ for a long time does great harm to your skin.
暴露在阳光下太长时间会对你的皮肤造成极大伤害。
②____________________ is still embarrassing to him.
他被解雇了， 对此他仍然感到很难堪。
【答案】
巧学活用1 ①writing ②Being caught ③Playing ④Being educated ⑤Taking
巧学活用2 ①His being late again; ②Jane's being careless
巧学活用3 ①Being exposed in the sun; ②Having been fired from his job
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．_______________ (talk)with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2．It is no use _______________ (regret)your past mistakes.
3．Wesley's _______________ (return)so soon surprised me.
4．Seeing _______________ (be)believing.
5．It is no good _______________(cry)over spilt milk.
6．Their _______________(come)to help was a great encouragement to us.
7．His not _______________(know)English brought him a lot of inconvenience.
8．_______________(read)in bed is bad for your eyes.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．对于初学者来说，学习驾驶通常是一次紧张的经历。
_______________ is usually a nervous experience for beginners.
2．总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。
In a word, _______________ is considered an important thing.
3．在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。
_______________ is not a pleasure but a suffer.
4．躺着晒太阳是很舒服的。
It is pleasant _______________．
5．和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is fun _______________．
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
Talking
regretting
returning
is
crying
coming
knowing
Reading
Ⅱ. 完成句子
Learning to drive
getting along well with your classmates
Working in these conditions
lying in the sun
playing with children
能力提升 突破考点
语法填空
1． (surround) yourself with positive and admirable people will result in you adopting positive values. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Surrounding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周围都是积极的、令人钦佩的人，这会让你树立积极的价值观。本句谓语为will result，此处为非谓语动词，用surround“围住，围绕，喜欢结交（某类人）”的动名词，作主语。故填Surrounding。
2．It is no use (advocate) improving public transport unless we can pay for it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】advocating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非我们付得起钱，否则提倡改善公共交通是没有用的。此处是固定句型：it is no use doing sth.意为“做某事没有用”，it作形式主语，动名词形式作真正的主语。故填advocating。
3．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of
times. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】quitting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。空格处用动名词quitting作that引导的宾语从句中的主语，故填quitting。
4．Nowadays （掌握）a foreign language is necessary. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】mastering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今掌握一门外语是有必要的。根据汉语意思可知，此处需要填入“掌握”；master意为“掌握”。分析句子结构可知，用动名词作主语。故填mastering。
5． (nod) the head means saying “yes” in China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Nodding
【详解】考查动名词。句意：点头在中国意味着说“是”。分析句子可知，空处应用动词nod“点头”的动名词形式nodding作主语，位于句首首字母大写。故填Nodding。
6． money on himself means very little to Yuan Longping. (spend) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Spending
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：花钱在自己身上，对于袁隆平来说意义不大。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词means，这里使用非谓语动词形式，且空处位于主语位置，因此使用spend的动名词spending形式作主语，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Spending。
7．While (be) knowledgeable about body language is vital, the value of emphathy should not be understated. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being
【详解】考查动名词。句意：虽然了解肢体语言是至关重要的，但同理心的价值也不应被低估。“_____ (be) knowledgeable about body language”在从句中作主语，be动词用动名词形式，故填being。
8． (raise) in a family of movie lovers has given me plenty of opportunities to watch movies, especially Hong Kong movies, since I was a little boy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Being raised
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个电影爱好者的家庭中长大，让我从小就有很多机会看电影，尤其是香港电影。分析句子可知，空处和空后的in a family of movie lovers搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语动词，且此处介绍的是一件已知的事情，因此应用raise的动名词形式，因raise“抚养，养育”和隐藏的逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Being raised。
9．We think it is no good (allow) children to chat online without any restriction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】allowing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们认为不加限制地让孩子在网上聊天是不好的。it is no good doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事没有好处”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词，因此空格处是allowing。故填allowing。
10． (know) a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Knowing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：对许多你感兴趣的事情了解一点，可以使你的整个生活更加丰富多彩。空格处用动名词knowing作主语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Knowing。
11． (cooperate) with people from diverse cultural backgrounds helps us view the world from different (angle), thus giving us more insight into our own culture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 Cooperating angles
【详解】考查动名词和名词。句意：与来自不同文化背景的人合作可以帮助我们从不同的角度看世界，从而让我们对自己的文化有更多的了解。分析句子可知，该句第一空应为动名词短语作主语， 该句第二空由空前different可知，应为复数名词形式。故分别填Cooperating；angles。
12．In our daily life, (adopt) a positive attitude is of great importance to us. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】adopting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们的日常生活中，采取积极的态度对我们是非常重要的。is为谓语动词，空处需填动名词adopting，作主语。故填adopting。
13． (accompany) her daughter on the piano, when she was available, was a good opportunity to display her talent for music. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Accompanying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她有空的时候，用钢琴为女儿伴奏是一个展示她音乐才能的好机会。此处作句子的主语应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Accompanying。
14．As the educator puts it, (expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expanding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正如教育家所说，通过多读书来扩大知识是一个明智的选择。根据句中谓语动词“is”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作主语，表示一般行为，应用动名词形式。故填expanding。
15．Facing up to your problems rather than (pretend) not to see them is the best approach to working things out. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】pretending
【详解】考查动名词。句意：直面你的问题而不是假装看不到它们，这才是解决问题的最佳方法。pretend“假装”。rather than为连词，连接facing up to和本空，故本空用动名词pretending，作主语。故填pretending。
16．It is worthwhile (make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making/to make
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：努力提高公众的环境保护意识是很值得的。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词作主语。固定句式It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事，故填making/to make。
17．It is a waste of time (try) to explain the problem to him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】trying
【详解】考查动名词。句意：向他解释这个问题是浪费时间。此句为固定句型It is a waste of time doing sth.(做某事是浪费时间)，句中it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，故填trying。
18．It is well-known that (expose) to the sun too much in the summer will do great harm to your skin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being exposed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，夏天过多地暴露在阳光下会对你的皮肤造成很大的伤害。be exposed to为固定搭配，意为“暴露在”，此处作that引导的主语从句的主语，需用动名词形式。故填being exposed。
19．It is worthwhile (spend) time learning a new language because it broadens your perspective. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to spend/spending
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：花时间学习一门新语言是值得的，因为它能开阔你的视野。此处为固定句型：it is worthwhile to do/doing sth.“做某事是值得的”，it是形式主语，不定式或动名词为真正的主语。
故填to spend/spending。
20．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being touched
【详解】考查动名词。句意：这包括阻止原始环境被接触。设空处接在介词from后，应用动名词作宾语，和它的逻辑主语the original environment之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动语态，故填being touched。
完成句子
1． , I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much money on it.
尽管旅游能够使我增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的金钱不是一个好主意。
【答案】While travelling can broaden my mind
【详解】考查让步状语从句，情态动词，名词。根据汉语意思可知，本句为让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句的连词可以用while，表示“虽然，尽管”；“旅行”为travel，在本句中作主语，所以用动名词；表示“能够”用can，情态动词后加动词原形，表示“增长”用broaden，“见识”用mind，“我的”用my。故答案为While travelling can broaden my mind。
2．Having to school everyday and (必须通过考试) sound bit too much for her. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】having to pass exams
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：每天都要上学，还必须通过考试，这对她来说有点太过分了。表示“必须通过考试”为动词短语have to pass exams，have to do sth表示“必须做某事”，根据句子结构和前文Having to school everyday可知，应用动名词形式和前文并列作主语。故填having to pass exams。
3．Under any circumstances, (对……残忍) animals is unacceptable. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】 being cruel to
【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：在任何情况下，虐待动物都是不可接受的。表示“对……残忍”用be cruel to，分析句子可知，此处为动名词作主语。故填①being②cruel③to。
4． the arts may help people live longer.（接触）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】Being exposed to
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语。句意：接触艺术可以帮助人们长寿。根据汉语提示可知短语为be exposed
to，作句子主语应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Being exposed to。
5．把自己暴露在阳光下太久会对你的皮肤有害。(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
will be harmful to your skin.
【答案】Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long
【详解】考查动名词作主语。分析句子可知，表示“把自己暴露在阳光下太久”应用短语expose yourself to the sunlight for too long，其中expose oneself to表“暴露于”，为固定搭配，再由句意可知，这里应用动名词短语作主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long。
6．让学生掌握实际的急救技能是非常重要的。非常感谢您的考虑! (动名词作主语)
. Your consideration would be highly appreciated!
【答案】Equipping students with practical first aid skills is extremely significant
【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词时态和形容词。“让学生掌握”可以用短语equip students with，“实际的”是practical，作定语，修饰“急救技能”first aid skills，使用动名词短语作句子主语，句子描述事实用一般现在时，be动词使用is，表语“重要的”使用形容词significant，副词extremely作状语，表示“非常”。故填Equipping students with practical first aid skills is extremely significant。
7．了解急救技术也意味着在紧急情况下有信心帮助患者。(动名词短语作主语)
also means that one .
【答案】 Knowing of first aid techniques will be confident in helping victims in an emergency
【详解】考查动名词，时态和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“了解急救技术”，第二空意为“在紧急情况下有信心帮助患者”，“了解”是know of，用动名词作主语，“急救技术”是first aid technique，technique要用复数形式表示泛指，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，因此第一空是Knowing of first aid techniques；“在紧急情况下有信心帮助患者”表示将来的事情，时态用一般将来时，是will do，“有信心做某事”是be confident in doing sth.，“帮助”是help，用动名词作宾语，“患者”是victim，要用复数形式表示泛指，“在紧急情况下”是in an emergency，因此第二空是will be confident in helping victims in an emergency。故填①Knowing of first aid techniques，②will be confident in helping victims in an emergency。
8．及时实施急救可以帮助缓解情况的严重性，防止健康状况恶化，甚至挽救生命。(动名词短语作主语)
, prevent health conditions getting worse and even save a life.
【答案】Performing first aid without delay can help ease the seriousness of a situation
【详解】考查非谓语动词、情态动词和介词短语。“实施急救”可以用Perform first aid 表示，动名词作主语，“可以”用情态动词can，后用动词原形，“帮助”help，“缓解”是ease，“及时”是介词短语without
delay ，“情况的严重性”表示为the seriousness of a situation，故答案为Performing first aid without delay can help ease the seriousness of a situation。
9．当你申请这份工作时，有一些相关经验将会有帮助。
when you apply for the job.
【答案】Having some relevant experience will be helpful
【详解】考查非谓语动词。“有一些相关经验”使用动词短语have some relevant experience，用动名词作主语，“有帮助”使用形容词helpful作表语，根据句中的“将会”可知此处应用一般将来时，故填Having some relevant experience will be helpful。
10．There is no doubt that poisonous or radioactive minerals can do harm to your health.
毫无疑问，接触有毒或放射性矿物质会损害你的健康。
【答案】 being exposed to
【详解】考查动名词短语作主语。表示“接触……”应用短语be exposed to...，由句意此处应用动名词短语作主语，表示习惯性、经常性的动作。故答案为being exposed to。
翻译
1．随意浏览可能是快乐的消遣，却不适合大多数人。(汉译英)
【答案】Browsing at random can be an enjoyable pastime, but it will not be for the majority of the public.
【详解】考查动名词短语、形容词短语、连词、固定句型和名词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，表示“随意浏览”应为动名词短语Browsing at random作句子的主语成分；表示“快乐的消遣”应为形容词短语enjoyable pastime；后接连词but表示“但是”的并列句；表示“不适合……”应为固定句型it will not be for…；表示“大多数人”应为名词短语the majority of the pubic。故翻译为：Browsing at random can be an enjoyable pastime, but it will not be for the majority of the public.
2．学习这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。(study;make＋宾语 ＋宾语补足语)(汉译英)
【答案】Studying the history of the country will make your visit/trip/travel/journey much more enjoyable.
【详解】考查动名词作主语、时态和形容词作宾语补足语。表示“学习这个国家的历史”应用动词短语study the history of the country，由句意此处应用动名词形式作主语，表示“使；让；叫”应用动词make，作谓语动词，此处应用一般将来时，表示“旅行”应用名词travel/trip/visit/journey，作宾语，表示“令人愉快的”应
用形容词enjoyable，其比较级为more enjoyable，作宾语补足语，表示“更加”修饰其比较级应用副词much，故翻译为Studying the history of the country will make your visit/trip/travel/journey much more enjoyable。
3．在很多西方国家，在公共场合谈论金钱是不礼貌的。(汉译英)
【答案】In many Western countries, talking about money in public is not that polite.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。“在很多西方国家”译为in many Western countries，“谈论金钱”使用动词短语talk about money，作主语，应用动名词形式，“在公共场合”使用介词短语in public，“礼貌的”使用形容词polite，that表示“那么”，修饰polite，使用否定词not表示否定意义，not that polite作表语，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词短语作主语，be动词用is。故翻译为：In many Western countries, talking about money in public is not that polite.
4．在光线不好的地方看书，肯定对眼睛不好。(汉译英)
【答案】Reading in a place with poor light is definitely not good for the eyes.
【详解】考查短语、时态和非谓语动词。“在光线不好的地方看书”翻译为read in a place with poor light；“对……有好处”用短语be good for；“眼睛”翻译为eye，用复数形式。句中缺少主语，用动名词作主语；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为Reading in a place with poor light is definitely not good for the eyes.
5．稍微了解一下英国的历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。(动名词短语作主语）（汉译英）
【答案】Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。表示“稍微了解一下英国的历史”应用get to know a little bit about British history，此处用动名词短语作主语；表示“帮助某人做某事”应用help sb do，此处使用一般将来时；表示“你”应用you；表示“解决”应用solve，使用动词原形；表示“这个谜题”应用this puzzle。故翻译成：Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.。
6．沉迷于刷网红短视频使她学习时总心不在焉。(distract) (汉译英)
【答案】Being addicted to watching short videos of online celebrities always distracts her while studying.
【详解】考查固定短语，动名词和时态。表示沉迷于译为“be addicted to”，作主语，应用动名词形式，表示刷网红短视频译为“watch short videos of online celebrities”，接在介词to后，应用动名词，表示使某人分心译为“distract”，作谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语动名词，谓语用第三人称单数，总译为“always”，表示她译为“her”，作宾语，学习时译为“while studying”，故翻译为Being addicted to watching short videos of online celebrities always distracts her while studying.
7．请记住，保持平衡的生活状态是避免紧张的最好方式。(bear) (汉译英)
【答案】Bear in mind that maintaining a balanced lifestyle is the best way to avoid stress.
【详解】考查宾语从句、非谓语动词、祈使句。表示“请记住”用祈使句结构，动词原形开头，翻译为bear in mind，后面用that引出宾语从句，“保持平衡的生活状态”为从句主语，用maintain a balanced lifestyle，动名词作主语放在句首，表示“是……的最好方式”用is the best way to do，一般现在时，表示“避免紧张”用avoid stress。故翻译为Bear in mind that maintaining a balanced lifestyle is the best way to avoid stress.
8．信不信由你，培养一项实用的技能会让你终身受用。(develop) (汉译英)
【答案】Believe it or not, developing a practical skill will benefit you for life.
【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“信不信由你”短语为believe it or not；表示“培养一项实用的技能会”应用动名词短语developing a practical skill，作主语；表示“让你终身受用”应用benefit you for life，结合句意可知句子时态为一般将来时。故翻译为Believe it or not, developing a practical skill will benefit you for life.
9．Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. (英译汉)
【答案】最后，应该指出，享受人群的陪伴并不等同于与朋友在一起。
【详解】考查被动语态、非谓语动词、固定句型和固定搭配。分析句子结构，it should be pointed out that...为固定句式，其中主句使用了被动语态，翻译为可译为主动形式，it是形式主语，that为主语从句，翻译时it可忽略不译，且pointed out可翻译为“指出”，为固定搭配，所以该句型可翻译为“应该指出……”；enjoying the company of a crowd为动名词短语作主语，可翻译为“享受人群的陪伴”；the same as为固定搭配，可翻译为“并不等同于”；being with friends为动名词短语作宾语，可翻译为“与朋友在一起”。故本句可翻译为：最后，应该指出，享受人群的陪伴并不等同于与朋友在一起。
10．这家面包房因为使用劣质面粉而成为众矢之的。(target) （汉译英）
【答案】The bakery became the target of criticism for having used the flour of inferior quality.
【详解】考查名词、时态和非谓语动词。句意阐述过去的事情，表示“成为”应该用动词become的一般过去式形式 became ；“众矢之的”可以理解为“批评的目标”，名词target意为“目标”，名词criticism 意为“批评”，“众矢之的”翻译为：the target of criticism ；表示“因为”应该用介词for，后面跟名词短语；表示“使用劣质面粉”应该用动名词的完成时having used the flour of inferior quality.故翻译为The bakery became the target of criticism for having used the flour of inferior quality.
