Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures整体教学
非限制定语从句
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开， 是对先行词的附加说明， 即使去掉， 主句的意思仍然完整。
The children, who wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
那些想旅行的孩子， 都因旅行的取消而感到失望。
That they will get married, which has not been announced, has spread around.
他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布， 却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词， 也可为整个句子或其中一部分， 且常译成与主句并列的句子。
We'll graduate in July, when we will be free. (先行词为名词)
我们将于七月份毕业， 到那时我们就自由了。
He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.(关系词指代整个主句的内容)
他经常上课迟到， 这使得他的老师很生气。
[学以致用1] 单句语法填空
①In 1844 they bought it for $1, 200 and some land from Charles Dresser, ________ performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
②I am glad to invite you to a music festival, ________ will take place in the music hall of our school.
③Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
④We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
①which指物， 在从句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语或表语；
②who/whom指人， who在从句中作主语， 而whom在从句中作宾语；
③as引导非限制性定语从句时， 指代主句的内容， 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；
④whose既可指人也可指物， 在从句中作定语。
Our country has sent up another man－made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.
报纸上报道， 我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
金先生的腿受了重伤， 他很快就被送去医院了。
2．关系副词
when指代时间， 在从句中充当时间状语， 可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点， 在从句中充当地点状语， 可与“介词＋which”互换。
I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home.
我星期日离开的， 当时人人都在家。
Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
昨天， 他们出去在公园里野餐了， 在那里他们玩得很开心。
[名师点津] (1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
(2)非限制性定语从句中， 不用why引导， 用for which代替why。
He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
他一整个假期都忙于工作， 这令他的女朋友很不高兴。
The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given.
他为何缺席会议， 没有给出理由。
[学以致用2] (用恰当的关系词填空)
①There was a man sick in bed, his wife, ________ took care of him and their little boy, could not go out to work.
②Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, ________ a conference was to be held.
③I am going to the airport to meet my uncle tomorrow morning, ________ he will be back from abroad.
④________ is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently.
⑤The newly-built cafe, ________ walls are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
1．as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语， 这个定语从句说明整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之后， 也可以放在主句之前， 还可放在主句之中， 有“像……一样， 正如， 正像”的意思。
As we all know, he studies very hard.(as作宾语)
我们都知道他学习很用功。
As is known to all, he is the tallest student in our class.(as作主语)
众所周知， 他是我们班最高的学生。
Taiwan, as is known to all, is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语)
大家都知道， 台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
2．which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容， 也可指代某个词或词组， 但是不能放于句首。
He was late for the meeting, which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)
他开会迟到了， 主席为此非常生气。
I want to buy the house, which has a garden.(which指代the house)
我想买这座房子， 它带有一个花园。
[学以致用3] 选词填空(as/which)
①________ is known to all, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize twice for her scientific discoveries.
②Dorothy was always showing off her clothes, ________， of course, made us a little annoyed.
③________ the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
④The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用， 指特定的人或物， 仅作补充或说明， 若去掉从句，
从句不可省略， 否则原句意思不完整 主句意思完整
结构 要求 紧跟先行词， 从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句
引导 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词， 但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
我们的向导， 一个法裔加拿大人， 擅长烹调。
They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing.
他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景， 在那里他们还爬了山。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village.
这部电影使我回想起在那个遥远的村庄里受到悉心照料的时光。
[巧学助记]
定从分类有奥妙， 限与非限看逗号；
定前必有先行词， 名代两类最适宜；
定从先行很紧密， 代副两词拉关系。
[学以致用4] 翻译句子
①我建议他们乘坐20路公交车， 它能直接把他们带到那里。
I advised them to take Bus No.20, ________________________________．
②据报道， 在我的家乡正建设的两所学校将于明年开学。
It is reported that two schools, __________________________________， will open next year.
③我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》， 这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。
I borrowed the book SherlockHolmes from the library last week, ________________________．
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been
proved.
2．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to children.
3．I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.
6．Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
7．The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.
8．Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.
9．There was a net bar around here, I remember.
10．He changed his mind again, made us all angry.
Ⅱ. 短文语法填空 (用适当的关系词填空)
The very film 1.________ is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.________ is popular with the public, 3.________ hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose is a young beautiful woman with 4.________ her mother went to America.Jack, 5.________ won a ship ticket by playing cards, is a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6.________ they had a happy time.Sadly, the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg, 7.________ Jack lost his life for saving Rose (everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8.________ most people can't behave in real life)．Before Jack left Rose forever, he encouraged Rose to live well for him.9.________ is known to all, love is the strongest strength.And that's the reason 10.________ Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.
能力提升 突破考点
单句语法填空
1．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. (用适当的词填空)
2．He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. (用适当的词填空)
3．Later, she studied Chinese medicine for many years with experts in the field, from she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. (用适当的词填空)
4．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window. (用适当的词填空)
5．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空)
6．Weifang kites, themes are extremely rich, are popular with people at home and abroad. (用适当的词填空)
7．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空)
8．Our boss is said to come back next week, our task will have been finished. (用适当的词填空)
9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空）
10．Daniel, you have met somewhere, dropped in on me last Friday.
11．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so occupied with our work. (用适当的词填空)
12．He is good at creating a lovely atmosphere his students learn actively. (用适当的词填空)
13．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空)
14．We finally got to the village, we saw a number of newly-built houses. (用适当的词填空)
15．The custom is particularly popular in the vast countryside, every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking colorful pictures or paper cuttings on their doors, windows and walls. (用适当的词填空)
16．Beijing, the Summer Games were held in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games. (用适当的词填空)
17．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空)
18．Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning, most people were still fast asleep. (用适当的词填空)
19．I will never forget May 1st 2021, I was admitted into Peking University. (用适当的词填空)
20．Here in the mountains, every sunrise starts, I’ll heal my heart for a while. (用适当的词填空)
II. 句子翻译
1．他想为那些想学习英语的孩子树立一个好榜样。(使用定语从句) (汉译英)
2．众所周知，书籍是知识的源泉，我们可以从中受益匪浅。（benefit，定语从句）（汉译英）
3．这家公司由许多小分公司组成，它们在市场上很有竞争力。(汉译英)
4．该课程寓教于乐，适合五岁以下儿童。(汉译英)
5．学生们能够获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习有益处。(access，非限定性定语从句)(汉译英)
6．这个组合发行了他们的第一支单曲，并使他们一夜成名。(汉译英)
7．天气开始好转，这让村民们欣喜若狂。 (which) (汉译英)
8．比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖，这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的。（汉译英）
9．我妈妈带我去了花店，在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草。(where引导的定语从句)(汉译英)
10．当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日，这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现。（desire）(汉译英)
III. 完成句子
1．In our class there are 50 students, (其中一半人戴眼镜) . （定语从句）(根据汉语提示完成句子)
2．我的眼镜掉在地上摔碎了，没有它我就像个瞎子。
My glasses, I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
3．众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。(as引导定语从句)
, great changes have taken place in China.
4．The selection of astronauts is quite , all the applicants will be interviewed.
航天员的选拔是一个相当复杂的过程, 在此过程中所有的申请者都将接受面试。
5． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
6．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。
I stood at the top of the tower, .
7．我们计划游览校园，在此期间你可以欣赏美景，了解我校的历史。
A tour of our campus is scheduled, and get to know the history of our school.
8．这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。
a． , the farm has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits. (过去分词作状语)
b．The farm, , has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits.(定语从句)
9．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。
Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time.
10．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。
In our school, there are about 200 teachers, .Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures整体教学
非限制定语从句
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开， 是对先行词的附加说明， 即使去掉， 主句的意思仍然完整。
The children, who wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled.
那些想旅行的孩子， 都因旅行的取消而感到失望。
That they will get married, which has not been announced, has spread around.
他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布， 却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词， 也可为整个句子或其中一部分， 且常译成与主句并列的句子。
We'll graduate in July, when we will be free. (先行词为名词)
我们将于七月份毕业， 到那时我们就自由了。
He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.(关系词指代整个主句的内容)
他经常上课迟到， 这使得他的老师很生气。
[学以致用1] 单句语法填空
①In 1844 they bought it for $1, 200 and some land from Charles Dresser, ________ performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
②I am glad to invite you to a music festival, ________ will take place in the music hall of our school.
③Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.
④We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
①which指物， 在从句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语或表语；
②who/whom指人， who在从句中作主语， 而whom在从句中作宾语；
③as引导非限制性定语从句时， 指代主句的内容， 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；
④whose既可指人也可指物， 在从句中作定语。
Our country has sent up another man－made earth satellite, as is reported in the papers.
报纸上报道， 我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
金先生的腿受了重伤， 他很快就被送去医院了。
2．关系副词
when指代时间， 在从句中充当时间状语， 可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点， 在从句中充当地点状语， 可与“介词＋which”互换。
I left on Sunday, when/on which everyone was at home.
我星期日离开的， 当时人人都在家。
Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time.
昨天， 他们出去在公园里野餐了， 在那里他们玩得很开心。
[名师点津] (1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
(2)非限制性定语从句中， 不用why引导， 用for which代替why。
He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
他一整个假期都忙于工作， 这令他的女朋友很不高兴。
The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given.
他为何缺席会议， 没有给出理由。
[学以致用2] (用恰当的关系词填空)
①There was a man sick in bed, his wife, ________ took care of him and their little boy, could not go out to work.
②Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, ________ a conference was to be held.
③I am going to the airport to meet my uncle tomorrow morning, ________ he will be back from abroad.
④________ is reported in the newspaper, a serious accident has happened recently.
⑤The newly-built cafe, ________ walls are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
1．as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语， 这个定语从句说明整个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之后， 也可以放在主句之前， 还可放在主句之中， 有“像……一样， 正如， 正像”的意思。
As we all know, he studies very hard.(as作宾语)
我们都知道他学习很用功。
As is known to all, he is the tallest student in our class.(as作主语)
众所周知， 他是我们班最高的学生。
Taiwan, as is known to all, is an inseparable part of China.(as作主语)
大家都知道， 台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。
2．which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容， 也可指代某个词或词组， 但是不能放于句首。
He was late for the meeting, which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)
他开会迟到了， 主席为此非常生气。
I want to buy the house, which has a garden.(which指代the house)
我想买这座房子， 它带有一个花园。
[学以致用3] 选词填空(as/which)
①________ is known to all, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize twice for her scientific discoveries.
②Dorothy was always showing off her clothes, ________， of course, made us a little annoyed.
③________ the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
④The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用， 指特定的人或物， 从句不可省略， 否则原句意思不完整 仅作补充或说明， 若去掉从句， 主句意思完整
结构 要求 紧跟先行词， 从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开
功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句
引导 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词， 但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外
Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.
我们的向导， 一个法裔加拿大人， 擅长烹调。
They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing.
他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景， 在那里他们还爬了山。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village.
这部电影使我回想起在那个遥远的村庄里受到悉心照料的时光。
[巧学助记]
定从分类有奥妙， 限与非限看逗号；
定前必有先行词， 名代两类最适宜；
定从先行很紧密， 代副两词拉关系。
[学以致用4] 翻译句子
①我建议他们乘坐20路公交车， 它能直接把他们带到那里。
I advised them to take Bus No.20, ________________________________．
②据报道， 在我的家乡正建设的两所学校将于明年开学。
It is reported that two schools, __________________________________， will open next year.
③我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》， 这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。
I borrowed the book SherlockHolmes from the library last week, ________________________．
【答案】
学以致用1 ①who ②which ③which ④when
学以致用2 ①who ②where ③when ④As ⑤whose
学以致用3 ①As ②which ③As ④which
学以致用4 ①which could take them there directly
②both of which are being built in my hometown
③which my classmates recommended to me
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.
2．She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to children.
3．I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
4．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
5．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.
6．Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
7．The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.
8．Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.
9．There was a net bar around here, I remember.
10．He changed his mind again, made us all angry.
【答案】
1.which 2.which 3.whose 4.when 5.that 6.who 7.which 8.who 9.as 10．which
Ⅱ. 短文语法填空 (用适当的关系词填空)
The very film 1.________ is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.________ is popular with the public, 3.________ hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose is a young beautiful woman with 4.________ her mother went to America.Jack, 5.________ won a ship ticket by playing cards, is a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6.________ they had a happy time.Sadly, the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg, 7.________ Jack lost his life for saving Rose (everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8.________ most people can't behave in real life)．Before Jack left Rose forever, he encouraged Rose to live well for him.9.________ is known to all, love is the strongest strength.And that's the reason 10.________ Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.
【答案】
1.that 2.as 3.whose 4.whom 5.who 6.where 7.when 8.which 9.As 10.why
能力提升 突破考点
单句语法填空
1．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他在比赛中有坚强的决心和毅力，这使他获得了成功。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
2．He was a “cultural anthropologist”, we can thank for recording the life of a whole city and its people over half a century. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who/whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是一位“文化人类学家”，我们应该感谢他，因为他记录了半个多世纪以来整个城市及其人民的生活。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词，在从句作宾语，指人，应用who或whom。故填who/whom。
3．Later, she studied Chinese medicine for many years with experts in the field, from she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习中医多年，从他们那里她获得了对传统习俗的深刻了解。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词experts是人，从句中作介词宾语，因此空格处是whom，故填whom。
4．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当那些以前从未遇到过这种情况的男孩们开始跳出窗户时，教室变成了一个马戏团。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是boys，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。
5．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们一向这样爱他们的妈妈。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，关系词表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导。故填as。
6．Weifang kites, themes are extremely rich, are popular with people at home and abroad. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：潍坊风筝的主题极其丰富，深受国内外人民的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Weifang kites，关系词在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填 whose。
7．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她决定不和我一起去野餐，这让我很失望。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8．Our boss is said to come back next week, our task will have been finished. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】by which time
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据说我们的老板下星期回来，到那时我们的任务将已经完成。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词next week作补充说明，结合“will have been finished”可知，从句时态为将来完成时，表示到将来某一个时间点前已完成的动作，因此应用by which time“到那个时候”。故填by which time。
9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人有两个女儿，都是医生。分析可知，逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词two daughters，作介词of的宾语，所以要用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
10．Daniel, you have met somewhere, dropped in on me last Friday.
【答案】whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Daniel，那个你在某处遇见过的人，上个星期五顺道拜访了我。该空引导非限制性定语从句并且在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词Daniel，应用whom引导，在非限定性定语从句中，who不能代替whom作宾语。故填whom。
11．We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so occupied with our work. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把会议推迟到下周，那时我们的工作就不会那么忙了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词next week，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。
12．He is good at creating a lovely atmosphere his students learn actively. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他善于创造一个融洽的氛围，在这种氛围中学生积极地学习。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词atmosphere在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。
13．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最好的朋友朱莉娅明年七月会来看我，那时她不会那么忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next July，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。
14．We finally got to the village, we saw a number of newly-built houses. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们终于到了那个村子，在那里我们看到了许多新建的房子。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
15．The custom is particularly popular in the vast countryside, every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking colorful pictures or paper cuttings on their doors, windows and walls. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种风俗在广大的农村地区特别流行，每家每户都忙着打扫整座房子，在门、窗和墙上贴上彩色图画或剪纸。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the vast countryside表示地点，设空处在定语从句中作状语，需用关系副词where，故填 where。
16．Beijing, the Summer Games were held in 2008, is the first city in the world to host both editions of the Olympic Games. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：北京，2008年夏季奥运会的举办地，是世界上首个举办过两届奥运会的城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beijing。先行词在定语从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
17．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：邮局对面是一家音像店，在那里你可以买任何你喜欢的音乐CD。该空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a video shop，并且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。
18．Sometimes we had to work until the early hours of the morning, most people were still fast asleep. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有时我们不得不工作到凌晨，那时大多数人还在熟睡。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词the early hours of the morning是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。
19．I will never forget May 1st 2021, I was admitted into Peking University. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记2021年5月1日，我被北京大学录取的那一天。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词May 1st 2021，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表示“在2021年5月1日”，应使用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。
20．Here in the mountains, every sunrise starts, I’ll heal my heart for a while. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这群山中，在每一个日出开始的地方，我会暂时治愈我的心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是mountains，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
II. 句子翻译
1．他想为那些想学习英语的孩子树立一个好榜样。(使用定语从句) (汉译英)
【答案】He wants to set a good example for those children who want to learn English.
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句、时态。主语为he；表示“想要”短语为want to do sth.；表示“为……树立一个好榜样”短语为set a good example for，表示“那些孩子”为those children，后跟who引导定语从句；表示“想学习英语”翻译为want to learn English。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，先行词children作从句的主语，用who引导从句。故翻译为He wants to set a good example for those children who want to learn English.
2．众所周知，书籍是知识的源泉，我们可以从中受益匪浅。（benefit，定语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which we can benefit a lot.
【详解】考查一般现在时和定语从句。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。表示“众所周知”应用固定句式as we all know，为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句。表示“知识的源泉”应用the source of knowledge，“书籍是知识的源泉”表达为books are the source of knowledge；“我们可以从中受益匪浅”表达为非限制性定语从句，表示“从……中受益匪浅”应用动词短语benefit a lot from，在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词from后的宾语，先行词为books“书籍”，所以应用关系代词which，介词from可置于关系代词which之前，构成“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语。故翻译为：As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which we can benefit a lot.。
3．这家公司由许多小分公司组成，它们在市场上很有竞争力。(汉译英)
【答案】This company is composed of many small branches, which are very competitive in the market.
【详解】考查定语从句。“这家公司”可以翻译为“this company”，在句中作主语。“由……组成”可以用动词短语“ be composed of ”，本句话陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。“许多小分公司”可以翻译为“many small branches”；branches为先行词，后面接非限定性定语从句修饰。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。定语从句为主系表结构，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时态，be动词用are。“有竞争力的”可以用形容词“competitive ”；“在市场上”可以翻译为“in the market”。故翻译为This company is composed of many small branches, which are very competitive in the market.
4．该课程寓教于乐，适合五岁以下儿童。(汉译英)
【答案】The course combines education with entertainment, which is suitable for the children under five.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。该课程是主语，译为“the course”，寓教于乐用短语combine...with...，意为“与……结合”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the course，谓语用第三人称单数，教育是education，娱乐是entertainment，因此前半句为The course combines education with entertainment；后半句是用which引
导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代课程，be动词用is，适合译为“be suitable for”，五岁以下儿童译为“the children under five”，因此后半句为which is suitable for the children under five。故答案为The course combines education with entertainment, which is suitable for the children under five.。
5．学生们能够获得更多的阅读材料，这对他们的语言学习有益处。(access，非限定性定语从句)(汉译英)
【答案】 Students can have/get/gain access to more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study./Students can access more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study.
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“学生们”用复数名词students，在句中作主语；“获得”用动词access或短语have/get/gain access to；“更多的阅读材料”翻译为more reading materials；指代前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。“对……有益处”用短语be of benefit /be beneficial to/be good for；“他们的语言学习”翻译为their language learning/study。根据句意，故翻译为 Students can have/get/gain access to more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study./Students can access more reading materials, which is of benefit /is beneficial to/is good for their language learning/study.
6．这个组合发行了他们的第一支单曲，并使他们一夜成名。(汉译英)
【答案】The group had their first single, which earned them great fame overnight.
【详解】考查定语从句、动词和名词。根据句意，该句描述的为过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，表示“这个组合”应为the group作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“发行了他们的第一支单曲”可转述为“有了他们的第一支单曲”应为have their first single，用于一般过去时，所以谓语动词使用过去式形式had，主句应译为The group had their first single，表示“并使他们一夜成名”可使用非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词first single，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，表示“使他们一夜成名”应为earn them great fame，其中fame作宾语，从句使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词使用过去式形式earned，表示“一夜”应为overnight，所以从句应译为which earned them great fame overnight。故翻译为The group had their first single, which earned them great fame overnight.
7．天气开始好转，这让村民们欣喜若狂。 (which) (汉译英)
【答案】The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy.
【详解】考查定语从句、名词、动词（短语）和形容词。根据句意，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，表示“天气”为the weather作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“开始”为begin，用一般过去时，所以应为began作谓语，表示“好转”应为improve，根据begin to do 可知，此处使用动词不定式形式；根据提示，表示“这让村民们欣喜若狂”应为非限制性定语从句，“天气开始好转”在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which作从句的主语，表示“让”应为make，使用一般过去时，所以应为made作谓语，表示“村民们”应为the villagers作宾语，表示“欣喜若狂”应为形容词短语wild with joy作宾补。故翻译为The weather began to improve, which made the villagers wild with joy.
8．比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖，这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的。（汉译英）
【答案】The race organizers gave me a special award, which is given to the most injured runner in the race.
【详解】考查固定短语、时态、语态和定语从句。“比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖”使用主谓宾的结构，使用一般过去时。主语“比赛组织者”为“the race organizers”，动词“给”为“give”，宾语“我”为“me”，“一个特别奖”为“a special award”，则翻译为“The race organizers gave me a special award.”。翻译“这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的”使用非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a special award”，则使用which引导定语从句。“将……给……”为“give...to...”，则award与give为被动关系，“受伤最严重的运动员”为“the most injured runner”，“在比赛中”为“in the race”，从句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，则翻译为“which is given to the most injured runner in the race”。故“比赛组织者给我了一个特别奖，这是给比赛中受伤最严重的运动员的”翻译为The race organizers gave me a special award, which is given to the most injured runner in the race.
9．我妈妈带我去了花店，在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草。(where引导的定语从句)(汉译英)
【答案】My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants.
【详解】考查定语从句。该句主句部分“我妈妈带我去了花店”可使用名词短语my mother作主语，take somebody to(带某人去某地) 作谓语，使用一般过去时，宾格me作宾语，“花店”翻译为a flower shop，作介词to的宾语；表示“在那里我欣赏了各种各样的花草”可使用定语从句修饰先行词“a flower shop”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句；从句主语是I，“欣赏”是动词enjoy作谓语，描述过去发生的事，使用一般过去时态，“各种各样的花草”翻译为all kinds of flowers and plants作宾语。故翻译为My mother took me to a flower shop, where I enjoyed all kinds of flowers and plants.
10．当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日，这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现。（desire）(汉译英)
【答案】There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals, which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage.
【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。“渴望”翻译为desire，“当地民众普遍渴望振兴传统节日”翻译为“There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals”，traditional festivals为先行词后接非限制性定语从句，指物由which引导，在从句中作主语，“这些节日是他们文化遗产的重要体现”翻译为“which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage”陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，故翻译为There is a strong desire among the local population to revitalize traditional festivals, which serve as vital expressions of their cultural heritage.
III. 完成句子
1．In our class there are 50 students, (其中一半人戴眼镜) . （定语从句）(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】half of whom wear glasses
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有五十名学生，其中一半人戴眼镜。表达“一半”要用half；分析可知空格处是非限制性定语从句，students是先行词，指人；表达范围要用介词of，所以用关系代词whom指代先行词作介词of作宾语；“戴眼镜”为动宾短语wear glasses；此句陈述目前现状，要用一般现在时，故填 half of whom wear glasses。
2．我的眼镜掉在地上摔碎了，没有它我就像个瞎子。
My glasses, I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
【答案】without which
【详解】考查定语从句。表示“没有”应用介词without，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词my glasses，指物，在定语从句中作介词without的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填without which。
3．众所周知,中国发生了巨大的变化。(as引导定语从句)
, great changes have taken place in China.
【答案】As is well known/As we all know
【详解】考查固定短语。分析句子可知，表示“众所周知”可用as is well known或者as we all know，为固定搭配，均为由关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，且句首时首字母应大写。故填As is well known或者As we all know。
4．The selection of astronauts is quite , all the applicants will be
interviewed.
航天员的选拔是一个相当复杂的过程, 在此过程中所有的申请者都将接受面试。
【答案】 a complex procedure in which
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，第一空表示“一个复杂的过程”，可译为a complex procedure，根据第二空表达的意思“在此过程中”可知，第二空应为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a complex procedure，指物，第二空应为in which，故填①a complex procedure②in which。
5． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】As you can imagine
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如你想的那样，在未来的生活中会有各种各样的挑战。根据汉语提示“正如你想的那样”并分析句子结构可知，这里应用关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个主句；“想”可表示为imagine。故填As you can imagine。
6．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。
I stood at the top of the tower, .
【答案】from where I had a good view of the whole city
【详解】考查定语从句。此处为介词+关系副词构成的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the top of the tower，表示“从……”应用介词from，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句；表示“我”应用代词I,在从句中作主语；表示“看到了”应用动词have，结合句意应用一般过去时，在从句中作谓语；表示“这个城市的全景”应用名词短语a good view of the whole city，在从句中作宾语。故填：from where I had a good view of the whole city。
7．我们计划游览校园，在此期间你可以欣赏美景，了解我校的历史。
A tour of our campus is scheduled, and get to know the history of our school.
【答案】during which you can admire the beautiful scenery
【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是tour，“在……期间”使用介词during，关系词在从句中作during的宾语，应用关系代词which，“可以”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“欣赏”使用动词admire，“美景”译为beautiful scenery，句子使用一般现在时，故填during which you can admire the beautiful scenery。
8．这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。
a． , the farm has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits. (过去分词作状语)
b．The farm, , has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruits.(定语从句)
【答案】 Located/Situated in the suburb of our city which lies in/is located in/is situated in the suburb of our city
【详解】考查非谓语动词以及定语从句。be located/situated in意为“坐落于……”。分析句子结构可知，第一个空处为非谓语动词作状语，所以去掉be，剩下过去分词作状语。“我市郊区”的英文表达为“the suburb of our city”。第二个句子的主语为The farm，根据题干要求“位于我是郊区”应处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。“坐落于……”可用动词短语“lie in/be located/situated in”，该动词短语在定语从句中作谓语。句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式。故填①Located/Situated in the suburb of our city②which lies in/is located in/is situated in the suburb of our city。
9．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。
Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time.
【答案】who was in deep sorrow
【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句、时态、主谓一致、形容词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“他的父亲深陷悲痛之中”。本空为非限制性定语从句，先行词是his father，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。根据lost可知事情发生在过去，故从句时态用一般过去时，表示“悲伤”用be in sorrow，主语who指代his father，be动词用was。表示“深深的”用形容词deep，作定语，修饰名词sorrow。故填who was in deep sorrow。
10．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。
In our school, there are about 200 teachers, .
【答案】thirty percent of whom are men
【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是teachers，指人，“其中30%”使用短语thirty percent of，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，“男性”使用名词复数men，主语thirty percent of whom表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，且句子是描述一个事实，用一般现在时，故填thirty percent of whom are men。
