2023-2024学年福建省泉州市三校高二下学期7月期末英语试题（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2023-2024学年福建省泉州市三校高二下学期7月期末英语试题（含解析） |  | |
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2023-2024学年福建省泉州市三校高二下学期7月期末英语试题
考试科目：英语 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which language can Robert speak well
A. Russian. B. German. C. French.
2. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend.
3. What is the time now
A About 10:05 B. About 10:10. C. About 10:15.
4. Where is the woman
A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home.
5. What does the man own
A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about buying the car
A. She doesn’t like the car B. The price is not reasonable. C. She doesn’t have enough money.
7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager.
A. To get the price down another $500.
B. To get the price down another $1,000.
C. To get the price down another $2,000.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning.
A. Pat in the restaurant. B. Go to the local beach. C. Go to the amusement park.
9. Where is the Natural History. Museum
A. Near the beach. B. Next to the restaurant. C. By the amusement park.
10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s impossible.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who is the man
A. The interviewer B. The manager. C. The shop owner.
12. What does the man say about the job
A. It is interesting. B. It is well paid. C. It is poorly paid.
13. What do we know about the woman getting the job
A. She will not get the job. B. She has already got the job. C. She will probably get the job.
听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。
14. When does he girt think about seeing a movie
A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Wednesday evening. C. On Wednesday after school.
15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night
A. The girl has piano lessons. B. The girl has to babysit. C. The show time is too late.
16. Which movie showing can the girl see
A. The five o’clock showing. B. The seven o’clock showing. C. The nine o’clock showing.
17. When does the conversation probably take place
A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When do swallows return
A. At the end of March. B. At the beginning of summer. C. On the same date of the year.
19. Where are swallows in December
A. In Argentina. B. In San Diego. C. In San Juan Capistrano.
20. Why are people happy when robins return
A. They can watch birds again. B. They know spring is coming. C. They know there will be snow soon.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you’re hiking through Yellowstone or camping in the Ozarks, choosing the best backpacking stove (炉子) to take with you can make a big difference. Read on for some of our top picks.
Soto Windmaster 4Flex
Backpackers love its convenient built-in igniter (点火器), powerful heat output, and four-pronged (四管的) pot stabilizer, which provides a more stable platform for cooking than three-pronged stoves.
Buy it now at REI
Solo Stove Titan
The Solo Titan burns twigs, pine cones, leaves, and any other biofuels you may find out in nature, offering a safe and natural alternative to burning gas. The Titan is considered mid-size, ideal for cooking for several people.
Buy it now at SoloStove
Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System
Based on hundreds of reviews, hikers say they’re impressed by this gas-powered stove’s easy setup. The Star X2 also features Heat Exchange Technology, which the company says provides superior wind-resistance in different weather environments, helping to reduce overall boil time.
Buy it now on Amazon
Soto Amicus
Weighing just 2.9 ounces, the Soto Amicus is well known for its light weight and attractive appearance. Multiple Amazon reviewers praise this backpacking stove’s easy setup and four integrated pot stabilizers, which create a stable base for cooking in the wilderness.
Buy it now on Amazon or REI
1. Which stove suits you best if you want a quick meal
A. Soto Amicus. B. Solo Stove Titan.
C. Soto Windmaster 4Flex. D. Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System.
2. What feature do Soto Windmaster 4Flex and Soto Amicus have in common
A. Easy setup. B. Wind resistance.
C. Relative stability. D. Attractive appearance.
3. What is the text
A. An adventure travel report. B. An outdoor travel guide.
C. An advertisement for facilities. D. A cookbook for easy meals.
B
As a mushroom scientist, you are vastly outnumbered, with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌), the majority of which are yet to be identified. However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries. One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood, a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer.
In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature. His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots.
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye.
A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart.
4. What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1
A. They keep close track of the growth of fungi.
B. They help identify new species of mushroom.
C. They replace professional scientists in the field.
D. They classify the majority of mushroom species.
5 What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms
A. His desire for knowledge.
B. His curiosity about nature.
C. The beauty of nearby mushrooms.
D. The appeal of outdoor photography.
6. Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3
A. Skilled and observant.
B. Focused and flexible.
C. Talented and optimistic.
D. Organized and responsible.
7. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms
A. To improve his photography techniques.
B. To capture dynamic life in an artistic way.
C. To collect biological data for deeper research.
D. To use a new approach to scientific studies.
C
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM 2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years. For the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study.
The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “If there were policies friendly to them currently, they would have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers.
“The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.”
Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
8. What’s the greatest advantage of the study
A. Tracking each student for 18 years.
B. Collecting more comprehensive data.
C. Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely.
D. Building links between air pollution and test scores.
9. According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls____.
A have policies friendly to them currency
B. benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution
C. lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution
D. have the lowest test scores due to their special identities
10. What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3
A. Giving a prediction. B. Raising a doubt.
C. Making a comparison. D. Offering a suggestion.
11. What might be the focus of the follow-up studies
A. Applicability of the findings to other regions.
B. Ways to address racial and sexual differences.
C. Long-term impacts of air pollution on children.
D. Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children.
D
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12. What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with
A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly.
B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor.
C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill.
D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood.
13. The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________.
A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new
14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example
A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society.
B He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research.
C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support.
D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some theories. B. To stress genetic factors.
C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist, says the complicated mental multi-tasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time, leading to the strengthening of neural (神经系统的) connections across different regions. ____16____. “It’s socially, cognitively and physically demanding,” she says.
Anyone who’s ever felt the irresistible urge to dance to a favorite song knows that combining music and movement can lift your mood and melt away stress. But there’s a lot more happening in your brain when you’re trying to follow even the easiest choreography (编舞). ____17____. Tasks like getting around the kitchen or walking to the bus stop can become more attainable if regarded as choreography.
To learn how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, researchers conducted MRI scans on older adults who engaged in either dance or a traditional exercise program over six months. ____18____, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes.
The researchers assume that these brain changes contribute to more neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and pathways. ____19____. Brain plasticity is similar to the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs.
____20____. A Finnish study of people with severe brain injuries showed that dance-based recovery might improve mobility, cognition and overall well-being. Additionally, research shows that dancing can reduce the risk of brain-related diseases such as dementia (痴呆).
A. Moreover, dancing can help prevent brain injuries
B. In addition to the physical and neurological benefits
C. The effect extends beyond dancing to the real world
D. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness
E. Dancing might even help people with brain injuries and diseases
F. Imagine your brain is like a city with loads of roads and pathways
G. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than commonly believed
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Jose Moncayo found himself dealing with a traffic ticket at the Utah County courthouse. Normally, that’s a situation you face alone, but not when you’re a(n) ____21____ dad with a two-year-old daughter named Abi. He tried to find a babysitter but came up ____22____.
When the courtroom doors invited Jose inside, he faced an impossible choice. Abi couldn’t ____23____ him, and he couldn’t leave her alone. That’s when, like a(n) ____24____ from a heartwarming movie, policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene. Norris had been ____25____ the two while waiting to give his own testimony (证词). Seeing their trouble, he didn’t ___26___ to offer a helping hand, ____27____ volunteering to babysit Abi.
He didn’t just ____28____ her; he made sure her time was enjoyable. They explored the building together. What could have been a(n) ____29____ situation for Abi turned into a day filled with _____30_____ and kindness.
When Jose finally _____31_____ from the courtroom, he was met with a heartwarming _____32_____: his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer. _____33_____ the experience, Norris summed it up, “We’re not just officers who are out there to _____34_____ people. We’re also there to make our community a better place.”
In a world sometimes _____35_____ by negativity, this story shines as a lighthouse of hope and reminds us that small acts of kindness can make the world a warmer, better place.
21. A. experienced B. committed C. entertaining D. inspiring
22. A. empty-handed B. warm-hearted C. carefree D. bittersweet
23. A. recognize B. persuade C. consult D. accompany
24. A. appointment B. movement C. character D. soundtrack
25. A. encouraging B. recording C. requesting D. observing
26. A. hesitate B. ignore C. hurry D. guarantee
27. A. financially B. generously C. unwillingly D. purposefully
28. A. bring up B. look for C. watch over D. take in
29. A. stressful B. dangerous C. urgent D. merciful
30. A. shelter B. adventure C. competition D. bravery
31. A. escaped B. benefited C. emerged D. disappeared
32. A. behavior B. sentence C. sight D. phenomenon
33. A. Reflecting on B. Touched by C. Thankful for D. Making up
34. A. disturb B. arrest C. assist D. educate
35. A. refused B. destroyed C. changed D. clouded
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and ____36____ (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites ____37____ World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity.
Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, ____38____ increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, ____39____ (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it ____40____ (take) measures to change the current situation.
In 2017, the park made history with its ____41____ (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts ____42____ (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. ____43____ (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy ____44____ aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities _____45_____ (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你李华，近期你在图书馆借阅图书时，发现一些问题。请你给图书管理员写一封信，内容包括：
(1) 有人看书会聊天，垃圾没带走；归还书时需排长队
(2) 提出解决方法。
注意：
(1) 写作词数应为80个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mai Lin wasn’t doing well enough at school, or at least she wasn’t satisfied with herself. She wished she could do better.
“Let’s review the material we learned in the last unit,” the history teacher said. “Who can tell us what caused the War of 1812 ” Mai Lin sat at her desk, staring ahead. She hoped the teacher wouldn’t call her name. They hadn’t studied the War of 1812 at her old school and she didn’t know the answer.
“Alison ” the teacher asked instead. Oh, perfect, Mai Lin thought. Of course Alison would have the answer. She seemed to have all the answers. Alison was the most popular girl in school – always surrounded by millions of boyfriends, best friends, and others. She was like a brilliant sun.
Mai Lin hadn’t made one or two friends of her own so far. Her old school was small and low-key, but a shy person like Mai Lin had a chance there. This new school, however, seemed as big as an airport to Mai Lin, and it seemed very hard to get around in it. She still got lost sometimes in the school.
Mai Lin frowned (皱眉) as Alison answered the teacher’s question. Alison probably never got lost, Mai Lin thought to herself. You could probably put Alison down in the middle of a desert, and within five minutes she’d be able to tell you the best way to get home.
History class finally ended, and Mai Lin headed for the gym. The class had been playing basketball. Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive as a tree, was very good at it. Beside her, Mai Lin felt like a very small and foolish ant. Today, however, the gym teacher pointed to a thick rope hanging from the ceiling and said, “Everybody! You’re going to climb this rope today.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope.
2023-2024学年福建省泉州市三校高二下学期7月期末英语题
答案版
考试科目：英语 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which language can Robert speak well
A. Russian. B. German. C. French.
2. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend.
3. What is the time now
A About 10:05. B. About 10:10. C. About 10:15.
4. Where is the woman
A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home.
5. What does the man own
A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about buying the car
A. She doesn’t like the car B. The price is not reasonable. C. She doesn’t have enough money.
7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager.
A. To get the price down another $500.
B. To get the price down another $1,000.
C. To get the price down another $2,000.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning.
A. Pat in the restaurant. B. Go to the local beach. C. Go to the amusement park.
9. Where is the Natural History. Museum
A. Near the beach. B. Next to the restaurant. C. By the amusement park.
10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s impossible.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11 Who is the man
A. The interviewer B. The manager. C. The shop owner.
12. What does the man say about the job
A. It is interesting. B. It is well paid. C. It is poorly paid.
13. What do we know about the woman getting the job
A. She will not get the job. B. She has already got the job. C. She will probably get the job.
听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。
14 When does he girt think about seeing a movie
A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Wednesday evening. C. On Wednesday after school.
15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night
A. The girl has piano lessons. B. The girl has to babysit. C. The show time is too late.
16 Which movie showing can the girl see
A. The five o’clock showing. B. The seven o’clock showing. C. The nine o’clock showing.
17. When does the conversation probably take place
A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When do swallows return
A. At the end of March. B. At the beginning of summer. C. On the same date of the year.
19. Where are swallows in December
A. In Argentina. B. In San Diego. C. In San Juan Capistrano.
20. Why are people happy when robins return
A. They can watch birds again. B. They know spring is coming. C. They know there will be snow soon.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you’re hiking through Yellowstone or camping in the Ozarks, choosing the best backpacking stove (炉子) to take with you can make a big difference. Read on for some of our top picks.
Soto Windmaster 4Flex
Backpackers love its convenient built-in igniter (点火器), powerful heat output, and four-pronged (四管的) pot stabilizer, which provides a more stable platform for cooking than three-pronged stoves.
Buy it now at REI
Solo Stove Titan
The Solo Titan burns twigs, pine cones, leaves, and any other biofuels you may find out in nature, offering a safe and natural alternative to burning gas. The Titan is considered mid-size, ideal for cooking for several people.
Buy it now at SoloStove
Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System
Based on hundreds of reviews, hikers say they’re impressed by this gas-powered stove’s easy setup. The Star X2 also features Heat Exchange Technology, which the company says provides superior wind-resistance in different weather environments, helping to reduce overall boil time.
Buy it now on Amazon
Soto Amicus
Weighing just 2.9 ounces, the Soto Amicus is well known for its light weight and attractive appearance. Multiple Amazon reviewers praise this backpacking stove’s easy setup and four integrated pot stabilizers, which create a stable base for cooking in the wilderness.
Buy it now on Amazon or REI
1. Which stove suits you best if you want a quick meal
A. Soto Amicus. B. Solo Stove Titan.
C. Soto Windmaster 4Flex. D. Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System.
2. What feature do Soto Windmaster 4Flex and Soto Amicus have in common
A. Easy setup. B. Wind resistance.
C. Relative stability. D. Attractive appearance.
3. What is the text
A. An adventure travel report. B. An outdoor travel guide.
C. An advertisement for facilities. D. A cookbook for easy meals.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
B
As a mushroom scientist, you are vastly outnumbered, with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌), the majority of which are yet to be identified. However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries. One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood, a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer.
In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature. His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots.
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye.
A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart.
4. What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1
A. They keep close track of the growth of fungi.
B. They help identify new species of mushroom.
C. They replace professional scientists in the field.
D. They classify the majority of mushroom species.
5. What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms
A. His desire for knowledge.
B. His curiosity about nature.
C. The beauty of nearby mushrooms.
D. The appeal of outdoor photography.
6. Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3
A. Skilled and observant.
B. Focused and flexible.
C. Talented and optimistic.
D. Organized and responsible.
7. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms
A. To improve his photography techniques.
B. To capture dynamic life in an artistic way.
C. To collect biological data for deeper research.
D. To use a new approach to scientific studies.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B
C
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM 2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years. For the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study.
The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “If there were policies friendly to them currently, they would have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers.
“The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.”
Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
8. What’s the greatest advantage of the study
A. Tracking each student for 18 years.
B. Collecting more comprehensive data.
C. Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely.
D. Building links between air pollution and test scores.
9. According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls____.
A. have policies friendly to them currency
B. benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution
C. lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution
D. have the lowest test scores due to their special identities
10. What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3
A. Giving a prediction. B. Raising a doubt.
C. Making a comparison. D. Offering a suggestion.
11. What might be the focus of the follow-up studies
A. Applicability of the findings to other regions.
B. Ways to address racial and sexual differences.
C. Long-term impacts of air pollution on children.
D. Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
D
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12. What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with
A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly.
B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor.
C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill.
D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood.
13 The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________.
A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new
14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example
A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society.
B. He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research.
C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support.
D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some theories. B. To stress genetic factors.
C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist, says the complicated mental multi-tasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time, leading to the strengthening of neural (神经系统的) connections across different regions. ____16____. “It’s socially, cognitively and physically demanding,” she says.
Anyone who’s ever felt the irresistible urge to dance to a favorite song knows that combining music and movement can lift your mood and melt away stress. But there’s a lot more happening in your brain when you’re trying to follow even the easiest choreography (编舞). ____17____. Tasks like getting around the kitchen or walking to the bus stop can become more attainable if regarded as choreography.
To learn how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, researchers conducted MRI scans on older adults who engaged in either dance or a traditional exercise program over six months. ____18____, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes.
The researchers assume that these brain changes contribute to more neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and pathways. ____19____. Brain plasticity is similar to the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs.
____20____. A Finnish study of people with severe brain injuries showed that dance-based recovery might improve mobility, cognition and overall well-being. Additionally, research shows that dancing can reduce the risk of brain-related diseases such as dementia (痴呆).
A. Moreover, dancing can help prevent brain injuries
B. In addition to the physical and neurological benefits
C. The effect extends beyond dancing to the real world
D. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness
E. Dancing might even help people with brain injuries and diseases
F. Imagine your brain is like a city with loads of roads and pathways
G. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than commonly believed
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. E
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Jose Moncayo found himself dealing with a traffic ticket at the Utah County courthouse. Normally, that’s a situation you face alone, but not when you’re a(n) ____21____ dad with a two-year-old daughter named Abi. He tried to find a babysitter but came up ____22____.
When the courtroom doors invited Jose inside, he faced an impossible choice. Abi couldn’t ____23____ him, and he couldn’t leave her alone. That’s when, like a(n) ____24____ from a heartwarming movie, policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene. Norris had been ____25____ the two while waiting to give his own testimony (证词). Seeing their trouble, he didn’t ___26___ to offer a helping hand, ____27____ volunteering to babysit Abi.
He didn’t just ____28____ her; he made sure her time was enjoyable. They explored the building together. What could have been a(n) ____29____ situation for Abi turned into a day filled with _____30_____ and kindness.
When Jose finally _____31_____ from the courtroom, he was met with a heartwarming _____32_____: his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer. _____33_____ the experience, Norris summed it up, “We’re not just officers who are out there to _____34_____ people. We’re also there to make our community a better place.”
In a world sometimes _____35_____ by negativity, this story shines as a lighthouse of hope and reminds us that small acts of kindness can make the world a warmer, better place.
21. A. experienced B. committed C. entertaining D. inspiring
22. A. empty-handed B. warm-hearted C. carefree D. bittersweet
23. A. recognize B. persuade C. consult D. accompany
24. A. appointment B. movement C. character D. soundtrack
25. A. encouraging B. recording C. requesting D. observing
26. A. hesitate B. ignore C. hurry D. guarantee
27. A. financially B. generously C. unwillingly D. purposefully
28. A. bring up B. look for C. watch over D. take in
29. A. stressful B. dangerous C. urgent D. merciful
30. A. shelter B. adventure C. competition D. bravery
31. A. escaped B. benefited C. emerged D. disappeared
32. A. behavior B. sentence C. sight D. phenomenon
33. A. Reflecting on B. Touched by C. Thankful for D. Making up
34. A. disturb B. arrest C. assist D. educate
35. A. refused B. destroyed C. changed D. clouded
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and ____36____ (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites ____37____ World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity.
Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, ____38____ increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, ____39____ (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it ____40____ (take) measures to change the current situation.
In 2017, the park made history with its ____41____ (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts ____42____ (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. ____43____ (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy ____44____ aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities _____45_____ (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape.
【答案】36. to preserve
37. as 38. an
39. coupled
40. would take
41. removal
42. had been devoted
43. Effective
44. whose 45. hugely
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，近期你在图书馆借阅图书时，发现一些问题。请你给图书管理员写一封信，内容包括：
(1) 有人看书会聊天，垃圾没带走；归还书时需排长队
(2) 提出解决方法。
注意：
(1) 写作词数应为80个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Li Hua. Recently, I found some problems when borrowing books in the library. Some people chat while reading and leave their garbage. Also, there is always a long queue when returning books.
I suggest putting up some signs to remind readers to keep quiet and take away the garbage. For example, the signs could say “Please keep silent”, which can effectively make them aware of the need for quietness. We could also have a volunteer patrol the area from time to time to enforce the quiet rule.
To solve the problem of the long queue for returning books, more staff could be arranged to handle the returns during peak hours. Or a self-service book return machine could be installed to speed up the process.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mai Lin wasn’t doing well enough at school, or at least she wasn’t satisfied with herself. She wished she could do better.
“Let’s review the material we learned in the last unit,” the history teacher said. “Who can tell us what caused the War of 1812 ” Mai Lin sat at her desk, staring ahead. She hoped the teacher wouldn’t call her name. They hadn’t studied the War of 1812 at her old school and she didn’t know the answer.
“Alison ” the teacher asked instead. Oh, perfect, Mai Lin thought. Of course Alison would have the answer. She seemed to have all the answers. Alison was the most popular girl in school – always surrounded by millions of boyfriends, best friends, and others. She was like a brilliant sun.
Mai Lin hadn’t made one or two friends of her own so far. Her old school was small and low-key, but a shy person like Mai Lin had a chance there. This new school, however, seemed as big as an airport to Mai Lin, and it seemed very hard to get around in it. She still got lost sometimes in the school.
Mai Lin frowned (皱眉) as Alison answered the teacher’s question. Alison probably never got lost, Mai Lin thought to herself. You could probably put Alison down in the middle of a desert, and within five minutes she’d be able to tell you the best way to get home.
History class finally ended, and Mai Lin headed for the gym. The class had been playing basketball. Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive as a tree, was very good at it. Beside her, Mai Lin felt like a very small and foolish ant. Today, however, the gym teacher pointed to a thick rope hanging from the ceiling and said, “Everybody! You’re going to climb this rope today.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled. She knew what was coming. They’d done lots of physical fitness training at her old school and she was quite good at rope climbing. “Who’s first ” the teacher asked. “Alison ” To Mai Lin’s surprise, Alison turned as pale as the moon and shook her head. “She’s scared,” Mai Lin thought. “Perfect Alison was scared.” Suddenly Mai Lin heard her own voice saying, “I’ll do it.” Alison looked up at Mai Lin in great surprise, and all the other classmates seemed surprised, too. The teacher nodded and told Mai Lin to climb.
Paragraph 2:
Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope. She appeared calm but was extremely excited. She climbed the rope very fast and reached the ceiling within what seemed a few seconds, effortlessly. As she reached the top, she glanced down at her fellow students below. Now it was Alison who appeared like a small ant. She saw Alison looking up, eyes wide with admiration. Mai Lin clung to the top of the rope for a moment longer and then headed down to join the class. Once she got on the ground, everybody cheered. Mai Lin knew she would be different from that day on.
考试科目：英语 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which language can Robert speak well
A. Russian. B. German. C. French.
2. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend.
3. What is the time now
A About 10:05 B. About 10:10. C. About 10:15.
4. Where is the woman
A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home.
5. What does the man own
A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about buying the car
A. She doesn’t like the car B. The price is not reasonable. C. She doesn’t have enough money.
7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager.
A. To get the price down another $500.
B. To get the price down another $1,000.
C. To get the price down another $2,000.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning.
A. Pat in the restaurant. B. Go to the local beach. C. Go to the amusement park.
9. Where is the Natural History. Museum
A. Near the beach. B. Next to the restaurant. C. By the amusement park.
10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s impossible.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who is the man
A. The interviewer B. The manager. C. The shop owner.
12. What does the man say about the job
A. It is interesting. B. It is well paid. C. It is poorly paid.
13. What do we know about the woman getting the job
A. She will not get the job. B. She has already got the job. C. She will probably get the job.
听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。
14. When does he girt think about seeing a movie
A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Wednesday evening. C. On Wednesday after school.
15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night
A. The girl has piano lessons. B. The girl has to babysit. C. The show time is too late.
16. Which movie showing can the girl see
A. The five o’clock showing. B. The seven o’clock showing. C. The nine o’clock showing.
17. When does the conversation probably take place
A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When do swallows return
A. At the end of March. B. At the beginning of summer. C. On the same date of the year.
19. Where are swallows in December
A. In Argentina. B. In San Diego. C. In San Juan Capistrano.
20. Why are people happy when robins return
A. They can watch birds again. B. They know spring is coming. C. They know there will be snow soon.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you’re hiking through Yellowstone or camping in the Ozarks, choosing the best backpacking stove (炉子) to take with you can make a big difference. Read on for some of our top picks.
Soto Windmaster 4Flex
Backpackers love its convenient built-in igniter (点火器), powerful heat output, and four-pronged (四管的) pot stabilizer, which provides a more stable platform for cooking than three-pronged stoves.
Buy it now at REI
Solo Stove Titan
The Solo Titan burns twigs, pine cones, leaves, and any other biofuels you may find out in nature, offering a safe and natural alternative to burning gas. The Titan is considered mid-size, ideal for cooking for several people.
Buy it now at SoloStove
Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System
Based on hundreds of reviews, hikers say they’re impressed by this gas-powered stove’s easy setup. The Star X2 also features Heat Exchange Technology, which the company says provides superior wind-resistance in different weather environments, helping to reduce overall boil time.
Buy it now on Amazon
Soto Amicus
Weighing just 2.9 ounces, the Soto Amicus is well known for its light weight and attractive appearance. Multiple Amazon reviewers praise this backpacking stove’s easy setup and four integrated pot stabilizers, which create a stable base for cooking in the wilderness.
Buy it now on Amazon or REI
1. Which stove suits you best if you want a quick meal
A. Soto Amicus. B. Solo Stove Titan.
C. Soto Windmaster 4Flex. D. Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System.
2. What feature do Soto Windmaster 4Flex and Soto Amicus have in common
A. Easy setup. B. Wind resistance.
C. Relative stability. D. Attractive appearance.
3. What is the text
A. An adventure travel report. B. An outdoor travel guide.
C. An advertisement for facilities. D. A cookbook for easy meals.
B
As a mushroom scientist, you are vastly outnumbered, with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌), the majority of which are yet to be identified. However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries. One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood, a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer.
In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature. His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots.
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye.
A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart.
4. What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1
A. They keep close track of the growth of fungi.
B. They help identify new species of mushroom.
C. They replace professional scientists in the field.
D. They classify the majority of mushroom species.
5 What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms
A. His desire for knowledge.
B. His curiosity about nature.
C. The beauty of nearby mushrooms.
D. The appeal of outdoor photography.
6. Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3
A. Skilled and observant.
B. Focused and flexible.
C. Talented and optimistic.
D. Organized and responsible.
7. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms
A. To improve his photography techniques.
B. To capture dynamic life in an artistic way.
C. To collect biological data for deeper research.
D. To use a new approach to scientific studies.
C
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM 2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years. For the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study.
The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “If there were policies friendly to them currently, they would have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers.
“The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.”
Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
8. What’s the greatest advantage of the study
A. Tracking each student for 18 years.
B. Collecting more comprehensive data.
C. Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely.
D. Building links between air pollution and test scores.
9. According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls____.
A have policies friendly to them currency
B. benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution
C. lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution
D. have the lowest test scores due to their special identities
10. What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3
A. Giving a prediction. B. Raising a doubt.
C. Making a comparison. D. Offering a suggestion.
11. What might be the focus of the follow-up studies
A. Applicability of the findings to other regions.
B. Ways to address racial and sexual differences.
C. Long-term impacts of air pollution on children.
D. Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children.
D
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12. What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with
A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly.
B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor.
C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill.
D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood.
13. The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________.
A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new
14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example
A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society.
B He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research.
C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support.
D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some theories. B. To stress genetic factors.
C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist, says the complicated mental multi-tasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time, leading to the strengthening of neural (神经系统的) connections across different regions. ____16____. “It’s socially, cognitively and physically demanding,” she says.
Anyone who’s ever felt the irresistible urge to dance to a favorite song knows that combining music and movement can lift your mood and melt away stress. But there’s a lot more happening in your brain when you’re trying to follow even the easiest choreography (编舞). ____17____. Tasks like getting around the kitchen or walking to the bus stop can become more attainable if regarded as choreography.
To learn how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, researchers conducted MRI scans on older adults who engaged in either dance or a traditional exercise program over six months. ____18____, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes.
The researchers assume that these brain changes contribute to more neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and pathways. ____19____. Brain plasticity is similar to the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs.
____20____. A Finnish study of people with severe brain injuries showed that dance-based recovery might improve mobility, cognition and overall well-being. Additionally, research shows that dancing can reduce the risk of brain-related diseases such as dementia (痴呆).
A. Moreover, dancing can help prevent brain injuries
B. In addition to the physical and neurological benefits
C. The effect extends beyond dancing to the real world
D. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness
E. Dancing might even help people with brain injuries and diseases
F. Imagine your brain is like a city with loads of roads and pathways
G. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than commonly believed
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Jose Moncayo found himself dealing with a traffic ticket at the Utah County courthouse. Normally, that’s a situation you face alone, but not when you’re a(n) ____21____ dad with a two-year-old daughter named Abi. He tried to find a babysitter but came up ____22____.
When the courtroom doors invited Jose inside, he faced an impossible choice. Abi couldn’t ____23____ him, and he couldn’t leave her alone. That’s when, like a(n) ____24____ from a heartwarming movie, policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene. Norris had been ____25____ the two while waiting to give his own testimony (证词). Seeing their trouble, he didn’t ___26___ to offer a helping hand, ____27____ volunteering to babysit Abi.
He didn’t just ____28____ her; he made sure her time was enjoyable. They explored the building together. What could have been a(n) ____29____ situation for Abi turned into a day filled with _____30_____ and kindness.
When Jose finally _____31_____ from the courtroom, he was met with a heartwarming _____32_____: his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer. _____33_____ the experience, Norris summed it up, “We’re not just officers who are out there to _____34_____ people. We’re also there to make our community a better place.”
In a world sometimes _____35_____ by negativity, this story shines as a lighthouse of hope and reminds us that small acts of kindness can make the world a warmer, better place.
21. A. experienced B. committed C. entertaining D. inspiring
22. A. empty-handed B. warm-hearted C. carefree D. bittersweet
23. A. recognize B. persuade C. consult D. accompany
24. A. appointment B. movement C. character D. soundtrack
25. A. encouraging B. recording C. requesting D. observing
26. A. hesitate B. ignore C. hurry D. guarantee
27. A. financially B. generously C. unwillingly D. purposefully
28. A. bring up B. look for C. watch over D. take in
29. A. stressful B. dangerous C. urgent D. merciful
30. A. shelter B. adventure C. competition D. bravery
31. A. escaped B. benefited C. emerged D. disappeared
32. A. behavior B. sentence C. sight D. phenomenon
33. A. Reflecting on B. Touched by C. Thankful for D. Making up
34. A. disturb B. arrest C. assist D. educate
35. A. refused B. destroyed C. changed D. clouded
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and ____36____ (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites ____37____ World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity.
Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, ____38____ increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, ____39____ (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it ____40____ (take) measures to change the current situation.
In 2017, the park made history with its ____41____ (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts ____42____ (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. ____43____ (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy ____44____ aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities _____45_____ (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你李华，近期你在图书馆借阅图书时，发现一些问题。请你给图书管理员写一封信，内容包括：
(1) 有人看书会聊天，垃圾没带走；归还书时需排长队
(2) 提出解决方法。
注意：
(1) 写作词数应为80个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mai Lin wasn’t doing well enough at school, or at least she wasn’t satisfied with herself. She wished she could do better.
“Let’s review the material we learned in the last unit,” the history teacher said. “Who can tell us what caused the War of 1812 ” Mai Lin sat at her desk, staring ahead. She hoped the teacher wouldn’t call her name. They hadn’t studied the War of 1812 at her old school and she didn’t know the answer.
“Alison ” the teacher asked instead. Oh, perfect, Mai Lin thought. Of course Alison would have the answer. She seemed to have all the answers. Alison was the most popular girl in school – always surrounded by millions of boyfriends, best friends, and others. She was like a brilliant sun.
Mai Lin hadn’t made one or two friends of her own so far. Her old school was small and low-key, but a shy person like Mai Lin had a chance there. This new school, however, seemed as big as an airport to Mai Lin, and it seemed very hard to get around in it. She still got lost sometimes in the school.
Mai Lin frowned (皱眉) as Alison answered the teacher’s question. Alison probably never got lost, Mai Lin thought to herself. You could probably put Alison down in the middle of a desert, and within five minutes she’d be able to tell you the best way to get home.
History class finally ended, and Mai Lin headed for the gym. The class had been playing basketball. Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive as a tree, was very good at it. Beside her, Mai Lin felt like a very small and foolish ant. Today, however, the gym teacher pointed to a thick rope hanging from the ceiling and said, “Everybody! You’re going to climb this rope today.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope.
2023-2024学年福建省泉州市三校高二下学期7月期末英语题
答案版
考试科目：英语 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Which language can Robert speak well
A. Russian. B. German. C. French.
2. What are the speakers probably talking about
A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend.
3. What is the time now
A About 10:05. B. About 10:10. C. About 10:15.
4. Where is the woman
A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home.
5. What does the man own
A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about buying the car
A. She doesn’t like the car B. The price is not reasonable. C. She doesn’t have enough money.
7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager.
A. To get the price down another $500.
B. To get the price down another $1,000.
C. To get the price down another $2,000.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning.
A. Pat in the restaurant. B. Go to the local beach. C. Go to the amusement park.
9. Where is the Natural History. Museum
A. Near the beach. B. Next to the restaurant. C. By the amusement park.
10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s impossible.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11 Who is the man
A. The interviewer B. The manager. C. The shop owner.
12. What does the man say about the job
A. It is interesting. B. It is well paid. C. It is poorly paid.
13. What do we know about the woman getting the job
A. She will not get the job. B. She has already got the job. C. She will probably get the job.
听第9段材料、回答第14至17题。
14 When does he girt think about seeing a movie
A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Wednesday evening. C. On Wednesday after school.
15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night
A. The girl has piano lessons. B. The girl has to babysit. C. The show time is too late.
16 Which movie showing can the girl see
A. The five o’clock showing. B. The seven o’clock showing. C. The nine o’clock showing.
17. When does the conversation probably take place
A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When do swallows return
A. At the end of March. B. At the beginning of summer. C. On the same date of the year.
19. Where are swallows in December
A. In Argentina. B. In San Diego. C. In San Juan Capistrano.
20. Why are people happy when robins return
A. They can watch birds again. B. They know spring is coming. C. They know there will be snow soon.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether you’re hiking through Yellowstone or camping in the Ozarks, choosing the best backpacking stove (炉子) to take with you can make a big difference. Read on for some of our top picks.
Soto Windmaster 4Flex
Backpackers love its convenient built-in igniter (点火器), powerful heat output, and four-pronged (四管的) pot stabilizer, which provides a more stable platform for cooking than three-pronged stoves.
Buy it now at REI
Solo Stove Titan
The Solo Titan burns twigs, pine cones, leaves, and any other biofuels you may find out in nature, offering a safe and natural alternative to burning gas. The Titan is considered mid-size, ideal for cooking for several people.
Buy it now at SoloStove
Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System
Based on hundreds of reviews, hikers say they’re impressed by this gas-powered stove’s easy setup. The Star X2 also features Heat Exchange Technology, which the company says provides superior wind-resistance in different weather environments, helping to reduce overall boil time.
Buy it now on Amazon
Soto Amicus
Weighing just 2.9 ounces, the Soto Amicus is well known for its light weight and attractive appearance. Multiple Amazon reviewers praise this backpacking stove’s easy setup and four integrated pot stabilizers, which create a stable base for cooking in the wilderness.
Buy it now on Amazon or REI
1. Which stove suits you best if you want a quick meal
A. Soto Amicus. B. Solo Stove Titan.
C. Soto Windmaster 4Flex. D. Fire Maple Star X2 Cooking System.
2. What feature do Soto Windmaster 4Flex and Soto Amicus have in common
A. Easy setup. B. Wind resistance.
C. Relative stability. D. Attractive appearance.
3. What is the text
A. An adventure travel report. B. An outdoor travel guide.
C. An advertisement for facilities. D. A cookbook for easy meals.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
B
As a mushroom scientist, you are vastly outnumbered, with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌), the majority of which are yet to be identified. However, professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species. An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged, bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals. These amateurs have even made significant discoveries. One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood, a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer.
In 1984, while living on the Mendocino coast of California, Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms. “Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms,” he says. “And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said, ‘Taylor, go out and tell the world how pretty we are.’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature. His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots.
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye.
A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart.
4. What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1
A. They keep close track of the growth of fungi.
B. They help identify new species of mushroom.
C. They replace professional scientists in the field.
D. They classify the majority of mushroom species.
5. What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms
A. His desire for knowledge.
B. His curiosity about nature.
C. The beauty of nearby mushrooms.
D. The appeal of outdoor photography.
6. Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3
A. Skilled and observant.
B. Focused and flexible.
C. Talented and optimistic.
D. Organized and responsible.
7. Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms
A. To improve his photography techniques.
B. To capture dynamic life in an artistic way.
C. To collect biological data for deeper research.
D. To use a new approach to scientific studies.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B
C
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to PM 2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North Carolina in those years. For the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor of the study.
The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地) impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “If there were policies friendly to them currently, they would have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers.
“The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.”
Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
8. What’s the greatest advantage of the study
A. Tracking each student for 18 years.
B. Collecting more comprehensive data.
C. Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely.
D. Building links between air pollution and test scores.
9. According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls____.
A. have policies friendly to them currency
B. benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution
C. lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution
D. have the lowest test scores due to their special identities
10. What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3
A. Giving a prediction. B. Raising a doubt.
C. Making a comparison. D. Offering a suggestion.
11. What might be the focus of the follow-up studies
A. Applicability of the findings to other regions.
B. Ways to address racial and sexual differences.
C. Long-term impacts of air pollution on children.
D. Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A
D
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between supporters of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. E. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, human beings remain unchanged unless stimulated by the environmental factors.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12. What will the supporters of the “nurture” theory agree with
A. Peter loves talking to strangers because he is friendly.
B. Peter loves maths because his father is a maths professor.
C. Peter loves detective stories because he enjoys suspense and thrill.
D. Peter loves tea because his mother gave it to him since childhood.
13 The underlined word “mechanistic” in paragraph 4 means ________.
A. flexible B. rigid C. common D. new
14. Why did the author cite the blacks in the US as an example
A. He wanted to show how the theories have deeply affected the society.
B. He tried to prove that both theories need further discussion and research.
C. He intended to demonstrate why the blacks need more education and support.
D. He attempted to introduce the result of intelligence tests from blacks and whites.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some theories. B. To stress genetic factors.
C. To solve a racial problem. D. To give further suggestions.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Helena Blumen, a cognitive (认知的) scientist, says the complicated mental multi-tasking that dancing requires engages various parts of the brain at the same time, leading to the strengthening of neural (神经系统的) connections across different regions. ____16____. “It’s socially, cognitively and physically demanding,” she says.
Anyone who’s ever felt the irresistible urge to dance to a favorite song knows that combining music and movement can lift your mood and melt away stress. But there’s a lot more happening in your brain when you’re trying to follow even the easiest choreography (编舞). ____17____. Tasks like getting around the kitchen or walking to the bus stop can become more attainable if regarded as choreography.
To learn how the mechanisms of dancing work in the brain, researchers conducted MRI scans on older adults who engaged in either dance or a traditional exercise program over six months. ____18____, the dancers grew more white and gray matter in the parts of the brain responsible for cognitive processes.
The researchers assume that these brain changes contribute to more neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and pathways. ____19____. Brain plasticity is similar to the city’s ability to build new roads, repair old ones or even change the direction of traffic based on how often the routes are used and what the city needs.
____20____. A Finnish study of people with severe brain injuries showed that dance-based recovery might improve mobility, cognition and overall well-being. Additionally, research shows that dancing can reduce the risk of brain-related diseases such as dementia (痴呆).
A. Moreover, dancing can help prevent brain injuries
B. In addition to the physical and neurological benefits
C. The effect extends beyond dancing to the real world
D. While both groups improved their level of physical fitness
E. Dancing might even help people with brain injuries and diseases
F. Imagine your brain is like a city with loads of roads and pathways
G. Basically, dancing requires more brain power than commonly believed
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. E
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Jose Moncayo found himself dealing with a traffic ticket at the Utah County courthouse. Normally, that’s a situation you face alone, but not when you’re a(n) ____21____ dad with a two-year-old daughter named Abi. He tried to find a babysitter but came up ____22____.
When the courtroom doors invited Jose inside, he faced an impossible choice. Abi couldn’t ____23____ him, and he couldn’t leave her alone. That’s when, like a(n) ____24____ from a heartwarming movie, policeman Kevin Norris entered the scene. Norris had been ____25____ the two while waiting to give his own testimony (证词). Seeing their trouble, he didn’t ___26___ to offer a helping hand, ____27____ volunteering to babysit Abi.
He didn’t just ____28____ her; he made sure her time was enjoyable. They explored the building together. What could have been a(n) ____29____ situation for Abi turned into a day filled with _____30_____ and kindness.
When Jose finally _____31_____ from the courtroom, he was met with a heartwarming _____32_____: his daughter sound asleep in the arms of the officer. _____33_____ the experience, Norris summed it up, “We’re not just officers who are out there to _____34_____ people. We’re also there to make our community a better place.”
In a world sometimes _____35_____ by negativity, this story shines as a lighthouse of hope and reminds us that small acts of kindness can make the world a warmer, better place.
21. A. experienced B. committed C. entertaining D. inspiring
22. A. empty-handed B. warm-hearted C. carefree D. bittersweet
23. A. recognize B. persuade C. consult D. accompany
24. A. appointment B. movement C. character D. soundtrack
25. A. encouraging B. recording C. requesting D. observing
26. A. hesitate B. ignore C. hurry D. guarantee
27. A. financially B. generously C. unwillingly D. purposefully
28. A. bring up B. look for C. watch over D. take in
29. A. stressful B. dangerous C. urgent D. merciful
30. A. shelter B. adventure C. competition D. bravery
31. A. escaped B. benefited C. emerged D. disappeared
32. A. behavior B. sentence C. sight D. phenomenon
33. A. Reflecting on B. Touched by C. Thankful for D. Making up
34. A. disturb B. arrest C. assist D. educate
35. A. refused B. destroyed C. changed D. clouded
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Wild lands across Africa are home to many rare, threatened, and endangered species. Having recognized their extraordinary value and ____36____ (preserve) their ecological wealth, the UNESCO classified some of these sites ____37____ World Hertage sites. Unfortunately, the ecological integrity of many significant landscapes is under the influence of human activity.
Let’s take the example of Ethiopia’s Simien Mountains National Park. In 1996 when it entered the list of World Heritage In Danger, ____38____ increasing number of human settlements around the park over the years, ____39____ (couple) with unsustainable farming practices and overgrazing (过度放牧), had worsened the conditions of all important wildlife habitats. Fortunately, in 2000, the authority of Ethiopia announced that it ____40____ (take) measures to change the current situation.
In 2017, the park made history with its ____41____ (remove) from the list, a significant and remarkable achievement of the Government of Ethiopia. By then various efforts ____42____ (devote) to achieving this. In 2003, the Government reestablished the limits of the park, adding the Mesarerya and Limalimo Wildlife Reserves. ____43____ (effect) community-driven conservation strategies are instrumental in preventing further ecological loss. The authorities have developed a grazing strategy ____44____ aim is to greatly reduce the grazing pressure on the park. Plus, alternative livelihoods through tourism assisted communities _____45_____ (huge) in developing conservation-friendly economies in the landscape.
【答案】36. to preserve
37. as 38. an
39. coupled
40. would take
41. removal
42. had been devoted
43. Effective
44. whose 45. hugely
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，近期你在图书馆借阅图书时，发现一些问题。请你给图书管理员写一封信，内容包括：
(1) 有人看书会聊天，垃圾没带走；归还书时需排长队
(2) 提出解决方法。
注意：
(1) 写作词数应为80个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Li Hua. Recently, I found some problems when borrowing books in the library. Some people chat while reading and leave their garbage. Also, there is always a long queue when returning books.
I suggest putting up some signs to remind readers to keep quiet and take away the garbage. For example, the signs could say “Please keep silent”, which can effectively make them aware of the need for quietness. We could also have a volunteer patrol the area from time to time to enforce the quiet rule.
To solve the problem of the long queue for returning books, more staff could be arranged to handle the returns during peak hours. Or a self-service book return machine could be installed to speed up the process.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mai Lin wasn’t doing well enough at school, or at least she wasn’t satisfied with herself. She wished she could do better.
“Let’s review the material we learned in the last unit,” the history teacher said. “Who can tell us what caused the War of 1812 ” Mai Lin sat at her desk, staring ahead. She hoped the teacher wouldn’t call her name. They hadn’t studied the War of 1812 at her old school and she didn’t know the answer.
“Alison ” the teacher asked instead. Oh, perfect, Mai Lin thought. Of course Alison would have the answer. She seemed to have all the answers. Alison was the most popular girl in school – always surrounded by millions of boyfriends, best friends, and others. She was like a brilliant sun.
Mai Lin hadn’t made one or two friends of her own so far. Her old school was small and low-key, but a shy person like Mai Lin had a chance there. This new school, however, seemed as big as an airport to Mai Lin, and it seemed very hard to get around in it. She still got lost sometimes in the school.
Mai Lin frowned (皱眉) as Alison answered the teacher’s question. Alison probably never got lost, Mai Lin thought to herself. You could probably put Alison down in the middle of a desert, and within five minutes she’d be able to tell you the best way to get home.
History class finally ended, and Mai Lin headed for the gym. The class had been playing basketball. Alison, who was as tall and thin and attractive as a tree, was very good at it. Beside her, Mai Lin felt like a very small and foolish ant. Today, however, the gym teacher pointed to a thick rope hanging from the ceiling and said, “Everybody! You’re going to climb this rope today.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Hearing the teacher’s words, Mai Lin smiled. She knew what was coming. They’d done lots of physical fitness training at her old school and she was quite good at rope climbing. “Who’s first ” the teacher asked. “Alison ” To Mai Lin’s surprise, Alison turned as pale as the moon and shook her head. “She’s scared,” Mai Lin thought. “Perfect Alison was scared.” Suddenly Mai Lin heard her own voice saying, “I’ll do it.” Alison looked up at Mai Lin in great surprise, and all the other classmates seemed surprised, too. The teacher nodded and told Mai Lin to climb.
Paragraph 2:
Mai Lin stepped forward and got close to the rope. She appeared calm but was extremely excited. She climbed the rope very fast and reached the ceiling within what seemed a few seconds, effortlessly. As she reached the top, she glanced down at her fellow students below. Now it was Alison who appeared like a small ant. She saw Alison looking up, eyes wide with admiration. Mai Lin clung to the top of the rope for a moment longer and then headed down to join the class. Once she got on the ground, everybody cheered. Mai Lin knew she would be different from that day on.
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