(共12张PPT)
初中英语·语法趣讲
FROM NEWBIE TO MASTER
教师______
英语组
学校______
助动词&情态动词
何为 助动词？
助 + 动词：帮助 【动词】 的词
英语中的助动词有be，do，have，shall，will等。助动词本身一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，其作用是同其他动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气，构成疑问或否定形式。
何为 助动词？
助 + 动词：帮助 【动词】 的词
Tom goes to school every day.
Tom doesn`t go to school every day.
Does Tom go to school every day
肯
否
疑
常见 助动词
be: am is are; was were
have: have has; had
do: do dose; did
will: would
助动词 的 应用
Does Tom go to school every day
Tom has finished his homework.
Tom will go on a picnic tomorrow.
Tom is playing football.
何为 情态动词？
情态 + 动词
用于 【动词】 前，表达 情感、语气 状态
Tom goes to school today.
Tom must go to school today.
1
2
何为 情态动词？
情态动词本身有意义，表示说话人的某种语气、态度或看法。情态动词不能单独作谓语，要同行为动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。
情态 + 动词
用于 【动词】 前，表达 情感、语气 状态
常见 情态动词
现在式（原形）
过去式
can
may
must
shall
will
could
might
must
should
would
词义
能够
可以，或许
必须，不得不
应该
将要，愿意
I can do it.
I may be late, so don`t wait for me.
You must get to school on time.
情态动词 的 应用
常见 情态动词
现在式（原形）
过去式
can
may
must
shall
will
could
might
must
should
would
词义
能够
可以，或许
必须，不得不
应该
将要，愿意
Could you please give me a book
Would you like some tea
Might I borrow your pen
情态动词 的 应用(共45张PPT)
初中英语·语法趣讲
FROM NEWBIE TO MASTER
教师______
英语组
学校______
There be 句型
科普 There be
科普 There be
What`s the meaning of
there be
There be 的结构
肯
否
疑
There 的 be
There be 考点
时
间
转
换
就近原则
not
和
no
一
些
特殊疑问
There be 的 时间转换
There is a pig in the tree.
现
There ___ a pig in the tree.
过
There ____ ____ a pig in the tree.
将
was
will
be
There __________ a pig in the tree.
将
is going to be
There be 考点
时
态
转
换
就近原则
not
和
no
一
些
特殊疑问
There be 的 就近原则
There is a pig and two sheep
in the tree.
单
There are two sheep and a pig
in the tree.
复
就近原则：there be 的be动词单复数取决于
离 be 最近的那个名词
There is a pig and two sheep
in the tree.
单
There are two sheep and a pig
in the tree.
复
对
VS
比
Two sheep and a pig ____ eating
ice cream.
A pig and two sheep ____ eating
ice cream.
are
are
There be 考点
时
态
转
换
就近原则
not
和
no
一
些
特殊疑问
There be 的 一些
There are some pigs in the tree.
肯
There aren’t ___ pigs in the tree.
否
any
There be 考点
时
态
转
换
就近原则
not
和
no
一
些
特殊疑问
There be 的 特殊疑问句
There are ten pigs in the tree.
（对划线部分提问）
How many pigs are there in the tree
There be 的 特殊疑问句
There is some milk in the cup.
（对划线部分提问）
How much milk is there in the cup
There be 考点
时
态
转
换
就近原则
not
和
no
一
些
特殊疑问
There be 的 no & not
There is not a pig in the tree.
There is no pig in the tree.
not
no
There be 的 no & not
There is not a pig in the tree.
There is no pig in the tree.
not
no
There is not any pig in the tree.
There is no pig in the tree.
not
no
There were a lot of small shops near our school two years ago.（变为否定形式）
There was ______ small shop near our school
two years ago.
小试牛刀
no
根据所给汉语完成句子
1． 钱包里有些钱。 There ____ some money in the picture.
2． 在 Jim 的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
3． 里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it
4． 树上没有鸟。There _____ ______ birds in the tree.
5． 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
Keys: 1. is 2. There are 3. Is there 4. is no 5. is
小试牛刀
1 . -Are there ______ houses near the river
-Yes. There are______.
A ．some, some B ．any, some C ．any, any D ．some, any
2 ．There aren’t ______ trees near the house. There is only one.
A ．any B ．some C ．many D ．much
3 ．How many _______ are there in the picture
A ．woman B ．women C ．bread D ．milk
4 ．There ______ two bowls of rice on the table.
A ．is B ．have C ．has D ．are
BCBD
小试牛刀
SUMMARY
感 叹 句
感 叹 词
What
How
What
What a pretty girl she is!
What pretty girls they are!
What sweet milk this is!
What + a/ an + 形 + 可名单 + 主语 + 谓语！
What + 形 + 可名复 + 主语 + 谓语！
What + 形 + 不可数名+ 主语 + 谓语！
How
How pretty she is!
How quickly they run!
How pretty a girl she is!
How + 形容词 + 主 + 谓！
How + 副词 + 主 + 谓语！
How + 形 + a/ an + 可名单 + 主 + 谓！
How pretty a girl she is!
How + 形 + a/ an + 可名单 + 主 + 谓！
What a pretty girl she is!
What + a/ an + 形 + 可名单 + 主语 + 谓语！
对
VS
比
Tips
注：此技巧只适用于初中阶段
感叹句中如果有副词，感叹词只能用 how
感叹句中如果形容词和名词紧挨着，
感叹词只能用 what，反之
感叹词后如果紧挨着 a/an，那么这个感叹词
必是 what
特殊疑问句
科普 There be
科普 特殊疑问句
What`s the meaning of
SQS
Play Games
更特殊 的 特殊疑问句
What
How
What
考点
What do you do
What is your job
What does she look like
她长什么样子？
How
考点
How much
How much is that book
一般情况，问价格
How much milk is there
on the table
二般情况，问不可数名词数量
How
考点
How many
How old
How many books do you have
How many books are there
on the table
How old are you
问可数名词数量
问年龄
How
How long
How long
How far
How long did you stay here
How long is the pencil
How far is it from London
to New York
问物体长度
问时间多长
问距离多远
How
How often
How soon
How often do you go swimming
How soon will you come back
问 还需要多久？
问 多久一次
用于将来时，一般用 in + 一段时间 回答
I will come back in ten days.
一般指 频率
Why
为什么不 …
Why don’t you have a try
Why _____ have a try
How ____did you live in China
How ____ do you watch a movie
How ____ will you finish your homework
How ____is it from here to the park
long soon far often
小试牛刀
HOMEWORK
一、 、 用正确的 be 动词的正确形式填空
1 ．There _______________ a bird in the tree.
2 ．There _______________ a little girl in the room.
3 ．There _______________ lots of books in our library.
4 ．There _______________ a car in front of the house.
5 ．There _______________some pictures on the wall.
6 ．There _______________ four children on the playground.
1 ．is 2 ．is 3 ．are 4 ．is 5 ．are 6 ．are
1 ．----- Is there a tiger in the zoo
-----__________________.
A ．Yes, there are. B ．No, there is. C ．Yes, there is. D ．No, there are.
2 ．There _______________ ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them.
A ．are B ．is C ．has D ．have
3 ．How many _____________ are there in the room
A ．apple B ．students C ．milk D ．paper
4 ．How many boys _______________ there in Class One
A ．be B ．is C ．are D ．am
5 ．There ______________ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
A ．is a B ．are some C ．has a D ．have some
C A B C A
1． 你们多久举行一次英语派对？
________________you have an English party
2． 再过多久音乐会就要开始了？
____________the concert begin
3． 你买了多少肉？
_____________ did you buy
4． 他们在上海 么？
_____________________Shanghai
1 ．How often do
2 ．How soon will
3 ．How much meat
4 ．Are they in
用 what, what a, what an, how 填空
1 ．____________ hot the weather is!
2 ．____________ strong wind!
3 ．____________ long way it is from Guangdong to Paris!
4 ．____________ exciting life we have!
5 ．____________ delicious mooncakes!
1 ．How 2 ．What 3 ．What a 4 ．What an 5 ．What
将下列陈述句变为感叹句
1 ．We have fine weather today.
__________ __________ weather we have today!
2 ．The children are working hard.
__________ __________ the children are working!
3 ．She played basketball wonderfully.
__________ __________ she played basketball!
4 ．The fish is very lovely.
__________ __________ the fish is!
Keys:
1 ．What fine 2 ．How hard 3 ．How wonderfully 4 ．How lovely
You can’t sell the cow
and drink the milk
鱼与熊掌
不可兼得(共13张PPT)
初中英语·语法趣讲
FROM NEWBIE TO MASTER
教师______
英语组
学校______
五大陈述句
何为 陈述句？
主语
谓语
前
后
I miss you.
Tom runs quickly.
Mike goes to school every day.
谓语
主语
前
后
Here comes the bus.
Do I know you
What are you doing
助系情+主语
谓语
陈述句 的 应用
造句
分析句子
英语中有5种基本的简单陈述句型，不论多么复杂的
句子，基本上都是这5种简单陈述句演变而来。
五
大
基
本
陈
述
句
主 + 谓
主 + 谓 + 宾
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补
1
2
3
4
5
五
大
基
本
陈
述
句
主 谓 宾 补 定 状
主要成分
次要成分（修饰）
Tom eats apples.
Tom eats delicious apples every day.
五大基本 陈述句
主 + 谓
1
该句型的谓语动词是不及物动词（intransitive verb），
所表示的动作没有作用对象，其本身的意思完整，其后不需带宾语。
在词典中表示为vi.。我们以下句为例来进行思维分析：
He died.
The bus is coming.
He runs quickly.
They work hard.
五大基本 陈述句
主 + 谓 + 宾
2
该句型的谓语动词是及物动词（transitive verb），这种动词告诉我们
由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是什么，这里所作用的对象就是我们通
常称之为宾语的，即宾语是主语动作的承受对象，因此这类动词是带有
宾语的。英文中的绝大多数动词都是及物动词，在词典中标为vt.。
我们以下句为例来进行思维分析：
I love you.
He saw a bird in the tree.
My sister enjoys the song very well.
Tom is playing football now.
I like playing games on the Internet.
五大基本 陈述句
主 + 系 + 表
3
该句型的谓语动词是系动词（如be 或其他系动词）。
所谓系动词，又叫联系动词（linking verb），顾名思义，这种动词
并不表示具体的动作，而只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用。这种
动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点，表明主语的性质特征
的，因此我们称之为主语补足语，或表语（能表示主语特征的成
分）。我们以下句为例来进行思维分析：
【谓系动词】：be (am, is, are) 感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
【变化系动词】：become, get, turn, grow
I am a boy.
Tom is happy.
She looks beautiful.
The sky turns red.
五大基本 陈述句
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾
4
该句型的谓语动词是双宾动词（dative verb），这种动词的后面所接成分有“人”又有“物”。一般来讲，这里的“人”表示动作的接受者，称作
间接宾语（indirect object）。“物”表示动作作用的对象，是动作的承受者，称作直接宾语（direct object）。间接宾语和直接宾语合起来叫做双宾语。
请看例句：
I gave him a book.
Lucy told me a story.
Chatting online will bring you a lot of fun.
五大基本 陈述句
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 补
5
该句型中的谓语动词是宾补动词（factitive verb），这种动词的后面接宾语，而此宾语的后面又接补充说明宾语的补足语（object complement）。
宾语和宾语补足语合起来叫做复合宾语。请看例句：
You make me happy.
I found this answer wrong.
You can make the door open.
五大基本 陈述句
分析以下句子结构
Time flies quickly.
I can`t read the book.
I sent you an E-mail.
It cost me 3 dollars.
He speaks English well.
Teacher will make your English better.
That will save you a lot of time.
五大基本 陈述句
分析以下句子结构
They found the dead boy.
They found the boy dead.
I found the book easily.
I found the book easy.
Lucy is a happy girl.
I`m not at home.
I have lunch at home.(共30张PPT)
初中英语 语法趣讲
FROM THE NEWBIE TO THE MASTER
教师__________
英语组
学校__________
被动语态
Rome wasn’t built
in a day.
主动语态&被动语态
They respect him.
He is respected by them.
如何将主动语态变为被动语态
主动① ② ③ ，被动③ ② ①
I eat an apple every day.
An apple is eaten by me every day.
如何将主动语态变为被动语态
主动① ② ③ ，被动③ ② ①
Tom caught Jerry.
Jerry was caught by Tom.
The fish will be eaten by the cat.
如何将主动语态变为被动语态
主动① ② ③ ，被动③ ② ①
The cat will eat the fish.
被动语态 的 时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
含有情态动词
am/is/ are ＋done
was/ were ＋done
will ＋be done
am/ is/ are ＋being done
was/ were ＋being done
have/ has ＋been done
can/ may/ must ＋be done
The toilet is cleaned by me.
You are respected by me.
By 并不能成为判断主被动语态的标志
A man was killed at night yesterday.
English ___________(speak) in Australia.
一般现在时的被动语态
Jim was criticized by his mother.
一般过去时的被动语态
Jim was bitten by a dog.
Jim was hit by a car.
Jim被一只狗咬了
Jim被一辆车撞了
Tom is being caught by Jerry.
现在进行时的被动语态
Jim is being bitten by a dog.
The new city is being built.
Jim正在被一只狗咬
这座新城正在被建造
A cartoon was being watched by Tom at this time yesterday.
过去进行时的被动语态
Jim was being bitten at nine o’clock last night.
Jim在昨天晚上9点正在被一只狗咬着
You will be eaten by me!
一般将来时的被动语态
Jim will be bitten by a dog tomorrow night.
Jim明天晚上将会被一只狗咬
The film has been seen by me.
现在完成时的被动语态
Jim has been bitten by a dog.
Jim已经被一只狗咬了
The butterfly can be caught by me.
含有情态动词的被动语态
Jim should be bitten by a dog.
Jim应该被一只狗咬
Summary
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
含有情态动词
am/is/ are ＋done
was/ were ＋done
will ＋be done
am/ is/ are ＋being done
was/ were ＋being done
have/ has ＋been done
can/ may/ must ＋be done
Homework
1 ．I have bought a nice bicycle.
A nice bicycle __________________ by me.
2 ．The professor is translating the famous book now.
The famous book __________________ by the professor now.
3 ．You should make a plan before going travelling.
A plan _______________________ before going travelling.
4 ．A car hit Jim yesterday.
Jim _____________ by a car yesterday.
5 ．People all over the world know the Great Wall.
The Great Wall __________________ by people all over the world.
Transformation
has been bought
is being translated
should be made by you
was hit
is known
1 ．English __________ (speak) in Australia.
2 ．No notes should ______________ (bring) to the English exam, boys and girls!
3 ．These books _________________ (send) to Hope Primary School already.
have been sent
Transformation
is spoken
be brought
1 ．This painting __________ to a museum in New York in 1997.
A ．sells B ．sold C ．was sold D ．is sold
2 ．Do you think that the bridge _________ in a year
A ．was completed B ．will be completed
C ．had been completed D ．is being completed
3 ．--- Did you go to Lucy’s party
--- No. I ____________ .
A ．am not invited B ．wasn’t invited
C ．haven’t invited D ．didn’t invite
Selection
4 ．I have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ at the garage.
A ．will be repaired B ．is repaired
C ．is being repaired D ．has been repaired
5 ．The mistakes in exercises will __________ the teacher.
A ．cross B ．be crossing C ．be crossed by D ．cross by
6 ．The person under 16 years old shouldn’t ________ to go to the Internet bar.
A ．be allowed B ．be allowing C ．allow D ．to allow
Selection
8. The boy __________ to cook dinner after school.
A ．were told B ．is telling
C ．was told D ．tells
Selection
7. The hotel is only a stone throw away, you ________ a bus.
not can took B. can took
C. can be taken D. can take
1 ．He was making a cake at this time yesterday.
A cake ______________ by him at this time yesterday.
2 ．People usually plant trees in spring.
Trees __________________ in spring.
3 ．We’ll build a new railway next year.
A new railway ___________________ next year.
transformation
was being made
are usually planted
will be built by us
1 ．A new hospital will _________ in this area.
A ．be built B ．build
C ．is built D ．was built
2 ．This book mustn’t _________ from the library.
A ．take away B ．taken away
C ．are taken away D ．be taken away
3 ．A talk on Chinese history _________ in the school next week.
A ．be given B ．has been given
C ．will be given D ．will give
4 ．Stars _________ at night.
A ．can’t be see B ．can seen
C ．can be seen D ．can’t seen
Selection
5 ．These photos ______ on the Great Wall.
A ．are take B ．taken
C ．were taken D ．is taken
6 ．The Olympics Games _________ every four years.
A ．are held B ．were hold
C ．are holding D ．will hold
7 ．A model plane __________ Jack now.
A ．is made for B ．is being made
C ．is being made to D ．is being made for
8 ．The window ___________ by the children last Tuesday.
A ．was broke B ．was broken
C ．is broken D ．broken
Selection
Review
1. No one knows how the huge rocks _____and_____without our modern machine eight
hundred years ago.
A ．are cut, moved B ．were cut, move
C ．are cut, moving D ．were cut, moved
2. The new hall is the tallest building in the town. ___from here
A ．Can it see B ．Can it be seen C ．Can it seen D ．Can see
3. The mouse _______ the cat just now.
A ．caught B ．is caught C ．was caught by
4. I ________ the dog.
A ．bit B ．bitten C ．am bitten by
Selection
6. Children_______by her these days.
A. are being taken care
B. are taking care of
C. are being taken care of (动词词组)
7. My brother and I have_____her birthday party.
been invited B. invited to C. been invited to
8. He _________ by the audience.
wasn’t laughed B. didn’t laugh at C. wasn’t laughed at
5. My car ________ in the garage at the moment.
A ．is washing B ．was washed
C ．is being washed D ．have washed
Selection
Paper______wood.
A ．is made from B ．made from
C ．is made of D ．made of
Selection
be made of （容易看出原材料）
be made from （不容易看出原材料）
be made in (地点)
be made for （为某人制作）(共20张PPT)
初中英语 语法趣讲
FROM THE NEWBIE TO THE MASTER
教师__________
英语组
学校__________
反义疑问句
Lucy is clever, isn’t she
前肯后否
Yes, she is. 她聪明
No, she isn’t. 她不聪明
They are thieves, aren’t they
Mike was in Hong Kong last summer, wasn’t she
You will read that book, won’t you
小试牛刀
The farmers are having a party right now,
aren’t they
The ducks were dancing at this time yesterday, weren’t they
You have just come back from Yunnan,
haven’t you
The dog can open the door by himself, can’t it
小试牛刀
You like the film Kung Fu Panda, don’t you
He has 5 animals, doesn’t he
They stole the money, didn’t they
小试牛刀
Yes, she is. 她笨
前否后肯
Lucy isn’t stupid, is she
No, she isn’t. 她不笨
Da Cong isn’t a careless boy, is he
He wasn’t there, was he
They don’t go to school on Saturdays, do they
Mike doesn’t have any money, does he
小试牛刀
no
never
seldom
hardly
few
超级考点：表达否定意义的词
There is little water, is there
little
none
nobody
nothing
neither
He can hardly finish homework
by himself,can he
Do it yourself, will you
Be an honest man, will you
Don’t be late next time, will you
Let us sit together, will you
Let’s go shopping, shall we
祈使句的反意疑问句
Review
1 ．--- Beginning of The Great Revival is on at the cinema.
Let’s go to see it,（ ）
--- OK. Let’s go.
A ．will you B ．shall we C ．won’t we D ．don’t you
2 ．He has never ridden a horse before,（ ）
A ．does he B ．has he
C ．hasn’t he D ．doesn’t he
小试牛刀
3 ．— He seldom came here,（ ）
— Yes sir.
A ．didn’t he B ．does he
C ．doesn’t he D ．did he
4 ．Everything seems all right, （ ）
A ．does it B ．don’t they
C ．won’t it D ．doesn’t it
小试牛刀
5 ．No one failed in the exam,（ ）
A ．was he B ．did one C ．did they D ．didn’t he
6 ．— Pass me the dictionary, （ ）
— Yes, with pleasure.
A ．would you B ．will you
C ．won’t you D ．wouldn’t you
7 ．There won’t be any concert this Saturday evening, （ ）
A. will there not B. will there C. is there D. won’t
小试牛刀
1 ．There is little we can do about it, _________
2 ．Linda ate nothing this morning, __________
3 ．Kate’s hardly late for school, _____________
小试牛刀
is there
did she
is she
4 ．Don’t forget to wake me up at six tomorrow morning, _________
5 ．They had a good time at her birthday party, __________
6 ．These tools are useless now, ____________
小试牛刀
will you
didn’t they
aren’t they
Homework
1 ．Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, __________
A ．don’t they B ．didn’t they C ．did they D ．do they
2 ．---You’ve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you
---__________. I wish to visit Dinosaur World.
A ．Yes, I have. B ．No, I haven’t
C ．Of course, I haven’t D ．Certainly, I have
3 ．His sister had a bad cough, __________ she
A ．wasn’t B ．hasn’t C ．doesn’t D ．didn’t
Selection
4. The lady couldn’t say a word when she saw the snake, _______
A ．could the lady B ．couldn’t the lady
C ．could she D ．couldn’t she
5. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, __________
A ．do you B ．will you C ．can you D ．shall we
6. John can hardly understand any Chinese, _______
A ．can’t he B ．doesn’t he C ．can he D ．does he
Selection(共25张PPT)
初中英语 语法趣讲
FROM THE NEWBIE TO THE MASTER
教师__________
英语组
学校__________
现在完成时
现在 完成时
Luffy has eaten three pigs.
主
谓
宾
现在 进行时
Luffy are eating three pigs.
一般 将来时
Luffy will eat three pigs.
has/ have
助动词
主语 + have/ has + 动词 过去分词
现在完成时 句型转换
肯
否
转
Luffy has eaten three pigs.
Luffy hasn`t eaten three pigs .
现在完成时 句型转换
肯
疑
转
Luffy has eaten three pigs.
Has Luffy eaten three pigs
答
Yes, he has.
No, he hasn’t.
应用场景
现在 完成时
I have finished my homework.
过去发生的对现在造成影响的动作；
过去发生的，并且一直持续到现在的
主语 + have/ has + 动词 过去分词
SUMMARY
过去发生的，并且一直持续到现在的
I have watched this movie for two hours.
I have watched this movie since 9:00.
I watched this movie two hours ago.
It`s 11 o`clock now.
如
何
用
Since
接
时
间
段
？
I have lived in London for 10 years.
I have lived in London since 2009.
I have watched this movie for two hours.
I have watched this movie since 9:00.
I have lived in London since 10 years ___ .
I have watched this movie since two hours ___ .
ago
ago
造句练习
一、连词成句
1．you ; your ; Have ; homework; finished
__________________________________________________
2．had; I ; nice ; two ; have ; this ; years; for; watch
______________________________________________________.
I have had this nice watch for two years
小试牛刀
Have you finished your homework
二、翻译句子
1．从1972年起他就住在这里。
________________________________________.
2．我成为工程师已经5年了。
________________________________________.
3．这部电影我看过7次。
________________________________________.
I have seen the film 7 times.
小试牛刀
He has lived here since 1972.
I have been an engineer for 5 years.
2017·中考真题
Some boys in our class __________ the football club for a year. They are crazy about playing football now.
A. joined
B. have joined
C. have been in
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
瞬间性动词 & 延续性动词
catch a cold have a cold
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in
leave be away
arrive/reach be
瞬间性动词 & 延续性动词
marry be married
瞬间性动词 & 延续性动词
Jenny has married for two years.
Jenny has married.
Jenny has been married for two years.
marry be married
瞬间性动词 & 延续性动词
Jenny has married for two years.
Jenny has married.
It is two years since Jenny married.
应用场景
标志词
since + 时间点
since + 一段时间 + ago
for + 一段时间
yet
( already, ever, never, just, before)
in the last … years
In the past … years
现在 完成时
He has written the letter.
过去发生的对现在造成影响的动作；
过去发生的，并且一直持续到现在的
Jim and Lily have known each other for two years.
Lily likes Jim a lot, but she knows
that getting married is
a serious matter,
so she is going to wait and see
before she makes a final decision.
They have talked about getting married since last year.
However, Lily has not really made up her
mind about him yet.
Story
超级考点
have been in 在哪儿待了多长时间
I have been to New York three times.
have been to 去而已归
have gone to 去而未归
I have gone to New York.
I have been in New York for two years.
I have never eaten dinosaur meat.
还没有做或从来未做过的事情
自从出生以来，我从未做过作业。
_________________________________
I have never done homework since I was born.
I have seen that movie twice.
一件事做过几次
I have been to the toilet five times.
我已经去了5次厕所了。
_________________________________
He is the best man I have ever seen.
见过、听过、吃过等等，最………的
这是我听过最美的音乐。
This is the most beautiful music I have ever heard.
It is the most delicious food I have ever eaten.
它是我吃过最美味的食物。
1．--- ______ have you been an actor
--- For three years.
A．When B．How C．How long D．Why
2．They have ______ gone to Tibet.
A．yet B．just now C．already D．Still
3．You don’t need to describe her. I ______ her several times.
A．had met B．have met C．met D．Meet
4．Lucy isn’t here. He ______ to England.
A．has been B．have been C．has gone D．have gone
5．Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou ______ 1992.
A．since B．from C．for D．in
小试牛刀
Xiao Pang has lived in Beijing for 10 years.
I have just lost my history book.
I have never been to the farm.
Have you seen the film
He is the most careful boy I have ever seen.
小试牛刀
1．小胖已经在北京住了10年了。
2．我刚刚丢了我的历史书。
3．我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4．你已经看过这部电影了吗？
5．他是我见过的最仔细的男孩(共25张PPT)
初中英语 语法趣讲
FROM THE NEWBIE TO THE MASTER
教师__________
英语组
学校__________
过去进行时
Past
Future
Now
ABOUT TIME
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + be过 + 动词ing + 其他 They were watching TV at 9:00 yesterday.
否定句 主语 + be过 + not + 动词ing + 其他 They ___ ____ ______TV at 9:00 yesterday.
were not = weren`t
was not = wasn`t
疑问句 及 回答 Be过 + 主语 + 动词ing + 其他 ？ Who/ what/ where + be过 + 主语 + 动词ing + 其他 ___ ____ ______ TV
at 9:00 yesterday
Yes, _____ _____.
No, _____ _____.
was / were
was / were
was / were
was
were
【过去进行时】· 结构
Xiao Pang was sleeping at this time
on June 6th.
v.ing
主
What were they doing at 10:00 yesterday
What are they doing now
【现在进行时】VS 【过去进行时】
Now
10:00 Yesterday
Past
Future
①描述过去某个“时间点”正在进行的动作
标志词
at this time yesterday （过去的某个时间点）
At 9pm the day before yesterday
（过去的某个时间点）
Tom was catching Jerry at this time yesterday.
【过去进行时】·使用场景
②描述过去某个“时段”正在进行的动作
标志词
the whole morning
all day yesterday
from nine to ten last night
I was reading Harry Potter all day yesterday.
They were singing from nine to ten last night.
【过去进行时】·使用场景
关键词
时间状语： at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday
过去 进行时
He was writing a letter at 6 p.m. yesterday.
状语从句： when…
while…
I was reading at 9 o`clock yesterday.
陈述句&否定句&疑问句
I wasn`t reading at 9 o`clock yesterday.
Were you reading at 9 o`clock yesterday
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn`t.
肯
否
疑
动词 ing 形式 形态的变化
一 般
直接加 ing
二 般
去 e ，加 ing
live write dance
动词 ing 形式 形态的变化
三 般
重读辅元辅，双写尾字母
begin sit swim plan
四 特
die tie lie
When: at or during the time that something happens
While: during the time that something is happening
When the thief came in, I was sleeping.
The thief came in, when I was sleeping.
The thief came in, while I was sleeping.
一般情况下
while之后只可接【进行时】，when可接可不接
陈述句&否定句&疑问句
While the thief was carrying the TV out, I was sleeping.
The thief was carrying the TV out, while I was sleeping.
若主句&从句都是【进行时】，只能用while
陈述句&否定句&疑问句
The thief came in, ______I was sleeping.
填 空
While grandma ______the newspaper, grandpa _______the flowers.
A．read, was writing B．was reading, wrote
C．was reading, was writing D．read, wrote
While grandma ______the newspaper, she _______asleep.
A．read, was falling B．was reading, fell
C．was reading, was falling D．read, fell
practice
1．She ____ the guitar from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon.
A．was playing B．played
C．is playing D．Plays
2．My brother ____ while he_____ his bicycle.
A．fell, was riding B．fell, were riding
C．had fallen, rode D．falls, was riding
3．I _____ my breakfast when the morning post came.
A．had B．am having
C．have had D．was having
4．Jack ______ football at the moment.
A．was playing B．is playing
C．plays D．played
Keys: AADB
小试牛刀
1．He was listening to music at this time the day before yesterday. (改为否定句)
2．We were having a party yesterday evening. (改为一般疑问句)
小试牛刀
1．昨天的这个时候我在看电影。
2．上周的这个时候谷老师在干什么？
3．昨天当妈妈回到家的时候，孩子们在睡觉。
小试牛刀
Homework
一、用括号里动词的适当形式填空
1．At this time yesterday Jack________(mend) his bike.
2．I________(write) a letter at ten last night.
3．While my mother ________(watch) TV, I________(make) a kite.
4．When you________(knock) at the door yesterday, I (do) some washing.
5．-What________ you ________(do) at ten o'clock yesterday？
- I ________(study) in class．
Keys:
1．was mending 2．was writing 3．was watching ; was making 4．knocked; was doing
5．were ; doing ; was studying
二、单选
1．His family________TV from ten to twelve last night.
A．watched B．were watching C．had watched D．was watching
2．When I went to say goodbye to Ann, she________the piano.
A．is playing B．plays C．was playing D．played
3．While I________with my friend, she came in.
A．am talking B．was talking
C．talked D．am going to talk
B C B
4．What________your grandfather at this time yesterday
A．is; doing B．was; doing C．did ; do D．had; done
5．________ you________ a meeting at four yesterday afternoon
A．Were; having B．Was; having C．Did; have D．Do; have
6．I ________ my homework while my grandparents________TV last night.
A．did; have watched B．was doing ; were watching
C．had done D．would do; were watching
B A B(共23张PPT)
初中英语 语法趣讲
FROM THE NEWBIE TO THE MASTER
教师__________
英语组
学校__________
定语从句
Sometimes you have to do things
that you don`t like.
And Sometimes you have to suck it up
and finish what you start.
It`s party of life.
Tony Stark
定语从句
从句的结构
关系副词
关系代词
限定&非限定
何为定语
从句 = 引导词 + 陈述句（完整/不完整）
Sometimes you have to do things
that you don`t like.
何为从句？
1
2
语序
2
陈述语序
一般疑问
特殊疑问
I love you.
Do I love you
Who do I love
1
引导词
关系词
定从
引导词
连接词
宾从
定语从句
从句的结构
关系副词
关系代词
限定&非限定
何为定语
何为 定语 ？
修饰【名词】的成分
单词
短语
句子
定语 的 表现形式
beautiful girls
The boy in red is my son.
Tom is the boy who can swim.
何为 定语从句 ？
当句子中修饰名词的
“定语成分”
是一个句子，
这个句子则被叫做
【定语从句】
被修饰的名词叫做“先行词”
何
为
定
语
从
句
定义：在 整个句子 中充当 定语 的 从句
结构 主语 + 谓语 + 先行词 + 关系词 + 陈述句
主句部分
从句部分
主从复合句
He is the man who stole my purse.
1
何
为
定
语
从
句
定义：在 整个句子 中充当 定语 的 从句
结构 主语 + 谓语 + 先行词 + 关系词 + 陈述句
Lucy is a girl whom everyone respect.
China is a country which has a long history.
Superman is a hero who is very popular.
That`s a book which I like.
关系代词
1
何
为
定
语
从
句
当先行词是“人”时，关系代词主格who；宾格whom/who
当先行词是“物”时，关系代词用which
1
2
关系代词在从句中充当句子成分——主语/宾语/表语，
3
换言之，当定语从句不完整时，就要用关系代词来补充
Lucy is a girl whom everyone respect.
China is a country which has a long history.
Superman is a hero who is very popular.
That`s a book which I like.
that 都可以
何
为
定
语
从
句
定义：在 整个句子 中充当 定语 的 从句
结构 先行词 + 关系词 + 陈述句+ 谓语 + 其他
2
主句部分
从句部分
主从复合句
The boy who can speak 6 languages is my brother.
何
为
定
语
从
句
定义：在 整个句子 中充当 定语 的 从句
结构 先行词 + 关系词 + 陈述句+ 谓语 + 其他
2
The man whom they are talking about
is a criminal.
The dog which is running is mine.
定语从句
从句的结构
关系副词
关系代词
限定&非限定
何为定语
定语从句丨关系代词
当关系代词作宾语时，可省略
关系代词·主 who/ that
关系代词·宾 whom/ who/ that
物
关系代词 which/ that
先行词-人
先行词-物
Summary
She is the girl ___________ called me five times yesterday.
小试牛刀
She is the girl ____________ I called six times yesterday.
who
that
/
whom
That
/
who
/
定语从句
从句的结构
关系副词
关系代词
限定&非限定
何为定语
定语从句丨关系副词
This is the station ________ I met you.
This is the city ________ I live in.
This is the day __________ I met you.
I don’t know the reason ________ he cried.
which
at which
on which
for which
where
where
when
why
in
定语从句丨关系副词
in/ at/ on which
for which
where
when
why
in/ at/ on which
关系副词 引导的陈述句结构都是完整的
Summary
定语从句
从句的结构
关系副词
关系代词
限定&非限定
何为定语
限定&非限定性定语从句
She is my mother who teaches English.
She is my mother, who teaches English.
限定
非限定(共16张PPT)
初中英语 语法趣讲
FROM THE NEWBIE TO THE MASTER
教师__________
英语组
学校__________
定语从句 续
Sometimes you have to do things
that you don`t like.
And Sometimes you have to suck it up
and finish what you start.
It`s party of life.
Tony Stark
定语从句丨that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
人：在定语从句中，that可以代替who作为关系代词
Sometimes you have to bear the students
that you don`t like.
定语从句丨that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
物：在定语从句中，that可以代替which作为关系代词
Sometimes you have to do things
that you don`t like.
定语从句丨that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
绝：当先行词含有“绝对化的概念”时，定从只能由 that 引导。（the only, the very, first, best, all, no,
the last, every, one of …）
Lucy is the most gorgeous teacher ______ I`ve ever seen.
Forrest Gump is the first film ______ I like.
that
that
定语从句丨that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
不：当先行词是“不定代词”时，定从只能由 that 引导。（everything, something, all, none …）
You should check out everything that you meet.
You can do something that you like.
定语从句丨that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
不：当先行词是“不定代词”时，定从只能由 that 引导。（everything, something, all, none …）
I need a story _____________ is funny.
that
I need something ___________ is funny.
that
/
which
定语从句丨that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
避：在疑问句中，为了避免和句首的疑问词重复,
定从只能由 that 引导；有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个只能用that
Who is the man ______ is so handsome？
that
定语从句丨that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
人物：当先行词既有人又有物时,
定从只能由 that 引导。
The girl and the dog ______ I saw in the street were lovely.
that
人，物，绝，不，避，人物
小试牛刀
I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else's fault.
A. who B. that C. as D. what
B
Which of the two sheep ______ you keep produces more milk
A. that B. which C. what D. they
A
定语从句丨that
不可用that的情况
在引导定语从句时，
that 不可以直接放在介词后使用。
This is the story in that I believe.
This is the story that I believe in.
This is the story in which I believe.
定语从句丨that
不可用that的情况
that 不能引导
“非限定性定语从句”
She is my mother who teaches English.
She is my mother, who teaches English.
限定
非限定
定语从句丨that
不可用that
that 不能引导
“非限定性定语从句”
可以or只能
用that
人，物
绝，不，避
人物
介词后
小试牛刀
This is the best hotel in the city ______ I know.
A. it B. where C. that D. which
Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burning.
A. it B. which C. / D. that
My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
C
D
A
