四川省自贡市第一中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
一、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Icehouse and ice ticket
As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty, people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. The Zhou royal court had a specialized department called "ice administration". They collected natural ice blocks each December to store in the icehouse. During the Qing Dynasty, "ice tickets" were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.
Ice container
The most commonly used cooling tool is called "Jian", which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of clay in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper (铜). The "Jian" can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.
Hiding food in the well
During the Qin and Han dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put a pot in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope.
Herbal drinks
During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.
1．What does "Jian" have the same function as
A．Container. B．Refrigerator. C．Clay. D．Copper.
2．Which of the following is unavailable to common people
A．Ice tickets. B．Ice container.
C．Hiding food in the well. D．Herbal drinks.
3．What's the common purpose of the above four ways
A．To strengthen the body. B．To keep food fresh.
C．To escape the summer heat. D．To make cold drinks.
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I set down a cup of soup in front of one of "The Party", she glanced down at it, and then frowned. "Hannah, I asked for a half cup of soup," she said, sounding angrily, "You are always so slow. I don't know how you always mess up our orders."
I politely mumbled an apology. It was only a cup of soup, and an honest mistake, but I felt like such a disaster.
The residents at the high-end senior living community, where I served as a waitress in the cafeteria, expected nothing less than a five-star dining experience and my small mistake was not to be tolerated.
When I first started working there, I was already shy and couldn't stand the idea that someone didn't like me. Early on, when residents would scold or criticize me with or without reasons, I felt like crawling under a rock.
The most difficult guests by far were a group of six women who the servers nicknamed "The Party." At first, they seemed friendly. But the truth is that they were rude and demanding. I would leave the dining room exhausted almost every night after serving them.
Somehow those rough nights started to change me to become more outgoing and self-assured. The residents gradually depend on me and my "convinced" smile. I used to have trouble speaking in front of a group and would be shy when I did. Now, I have no problem walking up to a table of fourteen people and making conversation as if I had known them my whole life.
I give credit to "The Party" for putting me in a situation where I had no choice but to smile and carry on. Today, when I see "The Party", I still flinch a little inside, but then I pull back my shoulders, lift my chin and march up to them ask, "What's it going to be today, ladies "
4．What do we know about the residents
A．They are very picky about services.
B．They all enjoy having meals in groups.
C．They all behave nicely and reasonably.
D．They all find favors in the eyes of the servers.
5．Which is the quality the author possesses now
A．Shyness. B．Confidence. C．Selfishness. D．Indifference.
6．What does the underline word "flinch" mean
A．take in. B．beat up. C．cheer up. D．draw back.
7．What moral lesson can we take from this story
A．Where there is a will, there is a way.
B．Practice makes perfect.
C．What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.
D．With great power comes great responsibility.
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Many animals depend upon sound to find food or communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. Scientists have long documented the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist in Tehran, has revealed that plants fell victim to it too.
Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species in his lab that are commonly found in urban environments. The plants were grown from seed and allowed to mature for two months in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied.
Analysis of their leaves revealed that the chemicals which are indicators of stress in plants were found at much higher levels in the species exposed to the traffic noise. The team also found that certain chemicals normally associated with healthy growth in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Even the weight of the freshly-cut leaves differed — leaves from plants exposed to noise consistently weighed less than those from plants grown in silence.
Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's findings make it clear that, though plants lack ears, the vibrations (震动) generated by the noise of traffic still bothers them enough to cause strong stress responses that are not much different to those that would be found in plants exposed to extreme conditions.
The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved to adapt to the noisy environment, which might one day be collected and transplanted in urban areas, is a mystery worth exploring.
8．What does the author stress in paragraph 1
A．The influence of noise on plants.
B．Effects motorways have on animals.
C．The importance of sound for animals.
D．Problems plants have surviving in nature.
9． How did Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi conduct the experiment
A．By choosing two rare plant species.
B．By collecting samples from old leaves.
C．By making plants grow along motorways.
D．By studying plants grown in different conditions.
10．What can we know from Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's experiment
A．Plants exposed to noise were less stressful.
B．Changes of chemicals in leaves were unclear.
C．Leaves of plants grown in silence weighed more.
D．Plants grew more slowly when grown in silence.
11．What might researchers do in the future
A．To improve the adapting ability of plants.
B．To develop new species with high survival rate.
C．To set more restrictions on urban traffic noise.
D．To find plants suitable for noisy urban areas.
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
OpenAI has announced a major upgrade to the technology that reinforces ChatGPT. If you think of ChatGPT as a car, the new language model known as GPT-4 adds a more powerful engine. It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out.
There is no better example of this than Morgan Stanley which has been using GPT-4 since last year. The bank trained GPT-4 on thousands of papers published by its analysts to create a chatbot for its own wealth advisers. About 200 staff at the bank have been using it daily. One analytics chief said the effort would also further enrich the relationship between Morgan Stanley advisors and their clients by enabling them to assist more people more quickly. How much more quickly What used to be done in half an hour can now be done in seconds.
Powerful AI systems like GPT-4 aren't going to replace large numbers of professional workers. But they will put them under greater pressure to be more productive and faster at what they do. That is what partly happened to professional translators and interpreters. As artificial intelligence tools like Google Translate and DeepL grew in popularity among business customers, many translators feared they would be replaced. Instead, they were expected to increase their output.
AI will also raise the bar on the human's performance. With the extra help, people have no excuses to leave anything out. Much of this is typical of the march of technology. Smart phones allowed us to be connected to work at all times. Slack allowed us to communicate with more people inside a company. But such tools also kept us further chained to work, squeezing (压榨) out minutes in the day that workers might have used in the past for deep-thinking or just taking a breather.
GPT-4 clearly has the potential to squeeze more value out of human workers, but it may well come at the cost of our mental energy. However brilliant these models become, watch out for how they might take you a tiny step closer to burnout.
12．What do the underlined words "a major upgrade" in paragraph 1 refer to
A．ChatGPT. B．GPT-4.
C．A new engine. D．OpenAI.
13．What is a consequence of GPT-4's introduction in Morgan Stanley
A．More staff have been laid off.
B．Advisers can have more free time.
C．The staff are pushed to work harder.
D．More papers will be published by analysts.
14．Why does the author mention smart phones and Slack in paragraph 4
A．To stress the rapid development of technology.
B．To explain why AI is universally used.
C．To promote several online working platforms.
D．To show side effects of technological advances.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．ChatGPT has a bright future in various fields.
B．Powerful AI systems are going to replace workers.
C．A new technology has been launched to improve productivity.
D．GPT-4 could turn the workplace into a productive but crazy place.
二、第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here are some tips to get your little ones to help you do housework naturally.
Expose kids to housework as much as possible
When they are young, let them watch you cook, wash clothes or walk the dog, or let them help make a bed. 16． .
Especially during the early years, give children the opportunity to wander over and watch what's going on with the adults. 17． . No lecturing or explanation is needed. This psychological integration (融入) into the family is really important for kids to learn to work together with others later in life.
18． .
A big motivating force for young children is being around their family, working on a common goal. This motivation is lost if we divide up housework so everyone is working alone. Therefore, if you're doing laundry, be sure everyone is folding everyone's clothes. If you have the children just fold their own clothes, the task becomes more about working independently.
Don't force it
Sometimes people think that to get children to do housework, the parents must be doing a really good job of controlling the kids. 19． . The aim is not to control the kids, but rather to develop the children's own initiative (主动性).
Forcing the child actually has the opposite effect. It can generate resistance.
20． . Asking a little kid "Could you help me with this " often gets them on board more often than simply saying "You must do this".
A. Actually, the opposite is true.
B. Always aim to work together.
C. The goal is to control the parents.
D. Change your mind about young children.
E. Just like adults, kids don't like being bossed around.
F. You'll be surprised by how much children learn by simply observing what you do.
G. Basically, be sure they're around anything you want them to help you later in life.
三、第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Today is really special for Tony but two years ago, when he spoke before the whole class, he always made a 21． sound while saying the letter "W". Everyone laughed at him and he hasn't spoken in class since.
But it's been going really 22． lately. When he listens to music in the background he can speak without stuttering (结巴)! That's why he 23． to talk at the science fair today. After breakfast, he got to school early to practise his speech.
Some boys were waiting by the entrance when Tony arrived. Suddenly, one of them 24． and said, "Hey, Tony, guess what " Tony didn't think. He tried to say, "What " and of course got 25． on the "W". The boys started 26． . Tony became sad, but thinking of Dad's encouragement during breakfast, he turned and ran 27． !
Unfortunately, when it was his turn to speak, he was so 28． that he chose the wrong music. So 29． Mozart, he was listening to his dance collection. 30． , when he heard dance music he couldn't help 31． with it, which sounded like he was rapping (说唱)!
Most people weren't 32． a rap in a speech. Tony could see some were whispering, but he didn't 33． . And when he finished, all stood up and 34． .
Happy and excited, he knew he had passed the 35． .
21．A． loud B． correct C． strange D． beautiful
22．A． worse B． well C． wrong D． wild
23．A． agreed B． forgot C． happened D． feared
24．A． turned up B． lay down C． showed off D． came up
25．A． noticed B． stuck C． frightened D． prepared
26．A． leaving B． running C． laughing D． praising
27．A． bravely B． slowly C． anxiously D． happily
28．A． excited B． nervous C． inspired D． angry
29．A． just like B． instead of
C． in honor of D． according to
30．A． Happily B． Hesitantly
C． Ultimately D． Surprisingly
31．A． smiling B． dancing C． talking D． beating
32．A． expecting B． planning C． learning D． recognizing
33．A． refuse B． cry C． play D． care
34．A． cheered B． left C． waited D． changed
35．A． exam B． speech C． barrier D． trick
四、第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yang Jingyu, 36． (honour) as an anti-Japanese hero by the Chinese people, was born in Henan Province in 1905. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1927. In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and 37． (fight) a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In 1938, the Japanese army offered a large sum of money 38． Yang's head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. In early 1940, facing a 39． (critic) lack of supplies, Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups, but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. After these men were killed, Yang kept on fighting alone for five days. He was 40． (eventual) tracked down on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops. He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before 41． (die) in a hail of machine gunfire. When the Japanese cut open his body, they discovered only tree bark, cotton and grassroots, 42． not a single grain of rice in his stomach.
Yang's death was 43． huge blow to his loyal troops, but they turned sorrow into 44． (angry) and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders. After the People's Republic of China (PRC) 45． (establish), Yang was reburied with full military honours, in Tonghua, Jilin Province.
五、第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）
46．（2024高二下·自贡期末） 你校正在组织以"The Most Beautiful Person I Know"为题的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛。内容包括：
1.人物描述；
2.你推荐的理由。
注意：
1.词数80字左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
六、第二节（满分25分）
47．（2024高二下·自贡期末） 读后续写
It was a hot June day in the suburb of Austin, Texas, and Sammy Armstrong couldn't wait to get in the water. The ten-year-old was on a camping trip with his mom, Kelley, his dad, Stacey, and his brothers, Ben and Willy.
Around 11 a.m., Sammy and Willy accompanied their dad to Upper Falls. Below is a swimming hole, 20 feet deep in some places.
With his father watching from the rocks above, Sammy jumped in. He was a good swimmer — he had been on the swim team in his hometown of Cypress, Texas. Sammy played in the water for a while, eventually pulling himself out of the swimming hole and onto a warm big round stone and watching a group of children struggle through the river bed above. They were summer campers from Austin who, along with their coaches, were headed back to the visitors' parking lot after a morning hike. As the kids passed Father and Willy, a tiny five-year-old girl reached down to grab a water bottle and lost her balance. In an instant, she was swept over the falls.
"A girl went over the waterfall!" Father shouted loudly. Sammy caught a glimpse（一瞥） of the girl's arm and the top of her dark head as the rapids pushed her into the hollow（洞） beneath the rock, hiding her from the crowd above. She was struggling up and down in the deep water.
His father, with Willy firmly held under one arm, walked toward the edge of the waterfall to try to locate the girl, but Sammy was the one in striking distance. "You have to get her out of there!" Father yelled down to him. Sammy was nervous, but when he saw his dad just looking at him, he understood what he had to do. In fact, years in the Boy Scouts（童子军） had taught Sammy never to enter a dangerous situation without an exit strategy.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The ten-year-old took a few seconds to consider the situation.
Soon, someone threw them a swimming board from the bank.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代人在炎炎夏日的避暑方略。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇生活类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Ice container 部分中的"The ‘Jian' can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.""Jian"可以被视为一种古老的冰箱，可以用来制作冷饮。可知，"Jian"与现在的冰箱用途一样。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据Icehouse and ice ticket 部分中的"During the Qing Dynasty, ‘ice tickets' were used and they were available only to officials and the rich."在清朝，"冰票"被使用，并且只对官员和富人开放。可知，在古代普通人无法得到冰票。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据各小标题"Icehouse and ice ticket"冰屋和冰票；"Ice container"放冰容器；"Hiding food in the well"把食物藏在井里；以及Herbal drinks部分中的"During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body."在清朝，服用中草药在北京很流行。在炎热的夏天，一些人喜欢喝冰水，一些煮熟的紫苏叶和甘草作为夏天的汤来保暖。古人也喜欢在夏天做莲子汤，以强身健体。可知，本文介绍了古人是如何避暑的，故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一个高端社区的咖啡厅里担任服务员。面对傲慢和苛刻的顾客，从害羞，尴尬到恨不得钻到石头底下，到现在无论遇到何种情况，都能与顾客轻松交谈，微笑应对。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第三段"The residents at the high-end senior living community, where I served as a waitress in the cafeteria, expected nothing less than a five-star dining experience and my small mistake was not to be tolerated."我在高端老年社区的咖啡厅担任服务员，住在这里的住户期待不亚于五星级的用餐体验，不能容忍我的一丁点小错误。可知，这里的住户非常挑剔。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"Somehow those rough nights started to change me to become more outgoing and self-assured. The residents gradually depend on me and my ‘convinced' smile. "不知怎么的，那些艰难的晚上开始改变了我，让我变得更加外向和自信。住户们都逐渐依赖我，还有我"有说服力"的笑容。可知，作者现在变得非常自信。故选B。
6．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的"but then I pull back my shoulders, lift my chin and march up to them ask, ‘What's it going to be today, ladies '"但是之后我腰背挺直，抬起下巴，到她们跟前问道，"女士们，今天怎么样，喝点什么？"可知，上下文意思相反，即面对这些挑剔苛求的女士，作者仍然想退缩，远离她们。可推知划线词flinch意为"退缩"，故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的" Early on, when residents would scold or criticize me with or without reasons, I felt like crawling under a rock."早些时候，当住户责备或者批评我时，无论是有理由还是没有源由，我都想要钻到石头底下；第五段中的"But the truth is that they were rude and demanding. I would leave the dining room exhausted almost every night after serving them."但是事实是她们非常粗鲁和苛刻。几乎每个晚上服务完她们之后，离开餐厅时我都是身心俱疲；以及第六段中的"Now, I have no problem walking up to a table of fourteen people and making conversation as if I had known them my whole life."现在，我能轻易地走到坐了14人的餐桌旁，和客人聊天，好像我跟她们非常熟。可知，作者作为一名餐厅服务员，在面对苛求的顾客时，艰难的从害羞，退缩，胆小到现在蜕变成了一个强大，冷静，喜怒不形于色的人。可推知，从这个故事中会学到"杀不死你的终使你强大"。故选C。
【答案】8．A
9．D
10．C
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了噪音也会对植物产生影响，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Many animals depend upon sound to find food or communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. Scientists have long documented the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist in Tehran, has revealed that plants fell victim to it too. "许多动物依靠声音来寻找食物或相互交流。当嘈杂的高速公路穿过它们的栖息地时，这些物种遭受痛苦是可以理解的。科学家们早就记录了噪音污染造成的生态破坏。然而，人们一直认为噪音是动物特有的问题。但德黑兰植物学家Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi的一项新研究表明，植物也成为了它的受害者。可知，作者在第一段强调了噪音对植物的影响。故选A。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied. "其中一组每天16小时暴露在来自德黑兰一条繁忙高速公路的73分贝的交通噪音中。另一组则在沉默中成长。15天后，从实验中每棵植物最年轻的完全展开的叶子上采集样本进行研究。可知，Ghotbi-Ravandi博士通过研究在不同条件下生长的植物进行实验。故选D。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Even the weight of the freshly-cut leaves differed — leaves from plants exposed to noise consistently weighed less than those from plants grown in silence. "即使是刚割下的叶子的重量也有所不同——在噪音环境中生长的植物的叶子总是比在安静环境中生长的植物的叶子轻。可知，寂静中生长的植物的叶子更重。故选C。
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Whether some plant species have evolved to adapt to the noisy environment, which might one day be collected and transplanted in urban areas, is a mystery worth exploring. "是否一些植物物种已经进化到适应嘈杂的环境，有一天可能会被收集并移植到城市地区，这是一个值得探索的谜。可知，未来研究人员可能会寻找适合嘈杂城市地区的植物。故选D。
【答案】12．B
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了GPT-4让工作变得高效，而员工却不得不疯狂地工作，以至于牺牲他们的休息和思考时间，否则他们就会面临淘汰的风险。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"If you think of ChatGPT as a car, the new language model known as GPT-4 adds a more powerful engine. It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out."如果你把ChatGPT想象成一辆汽车，那么被称为GPT-4的新语言模型增加了一个更强大的引擎。它开启了一个超高效的新时代，专业人士必须更聪明、更快地工作，否则就会被淘汰。可知，划线短语a major upgrade指的就是GPT-4。故选B。
13．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out."它开启了一个超高效的新时代，专业人士必须更聪明、更快地工作，否则就会被淘汰；以及第二段中的"There is no better example of this than Morgan Stanley, which has been using GPT-4 since last year."没有比Morgan Stanley更好的例子了，它自去年以来一直在使用GPT-4。可知，Morgan Stanley引入GPT-4的一个后果是它的员工不得不更加努力的工作。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"But such tools also kept us further chained to work, squeezing (压榨) out minutes in the day that workers might have used in the past for deep-thinking or just taking a breather."但这些工具也让我们进一步被束缚在工作上，挤出了过去员工可能用来深入思考或休息的时间。可推知，第四段提到智能手机和Slack是为了说明技术进步带来的副作用——人们被束缚在工作上，没有时间休息或思考。故选D。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"OpenAI has announced a major upgrade to the technology that reinforces ChatGPT. If you think of ChatGPT as a car, the new language model known as GPT-4 adds a more powerful engine. It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out."OpenAI宣布对增强ChatGPT的技术进行重大升级。如果你把ChatGPT想象成一辆汽车，那么被称为GPT-4的新语言模型增加了一个更强大的引擎。它开启了一个超高效的新时代，专业人士必须更聪明、更快地工作，否则就会被淘汰。可知，本文讲述GPT-4让工作变得高效，而员工却不得不疯狂地工作，以至于牺牲他们的休息和思考时间，否则他们就会面临淘汰的风险。故选D。
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．B；19．A；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何让你的孩子自然地帮助你做家务。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"When they are young, let them watch you cook, wash clothes or walk the dog, or let them help make a bed. "当他们年轻时，让他们看你做饭、洗衣服或遛狗，或者让他们帮忙铺床。举例介绍了让孩子尽可能多地看你做家务，让他们接触到家务，G. Basically, be sure they're around anything you want them to help you later in life."总的来说，确保他们在你希望他们在以后的生活中帮助你做的任何事情的周围。"是对上文的总结，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
17．根据空前"Especially during the early years, give children the opportunity to wander over and watch what's going on with the adults. "特别是在早期，给孩子们一个机会去你周围闲逛，看看大人在干什么。再次强调让孩子多观察大人在干什么，F. You'll be surprised by how much children learn by simply observing what you do."你会惊讶于孩子们仅仅通过观察你所做的事情就能学到多少东西"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
18．根据空后"A big motivating force for young children is being around their family, working on a common goal. "幼儿的一大动力是与家人在一起，为共同的目标而努力。可知，本段内容告诉我们幼儿喜欢和家人一起做一件事，为共同的目标而努力，B. Always aim to work together."始终以合作为目标。"能够概括段落主旨，符合语境。故选B。
19．根据空前"Sometimes people think that to get children to do housework, the parents must be doing a really good job of controlling the kids."有时人们认为，要让孩子做家务，父母必须在控制孩子方面做得很好。可知，上文的观点认为要让孩子做家务，父母需要控制孩子；以及空后"The aim is not to control the kids, but rather to develop the children's own initiative (主动性)."目的不是控制孩子，而是培养孩子的主动性。可知，下文观点认为要让孩子做家务，不是要控制孩子，而是培养孩子的主动性，A. Actually, the opposite is true."事实上，情况恰恰相反。"承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空后"Asking a little kid ‘Could you help me with this ' often gets them on board more often than simply saying ‘You must do this'." 问一个小孩"你能帮我一下吗？"经常能让他们参与进来，而不仅仅是简单地说"你必须这样做"。告诉我们要让一个小孩帮你做家务，不要用命令的口吻，E. Just like adults, kids don't like being bossed around."就像成年人一样，孩子们不喜欢被人指手画脚。"承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．A；24．D；25．B；26．C；27．A；28．B；29．B；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．A；35．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音并遭到嘲笑，这让他不敢在人前说话。但最终他找到了障碍的方法并获得自信。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：今天对托尼来说真的很特别，但两年前，当他在全班演讲时，他总是在说字母"W"的时候发出奇怪的声音。A. loud"响亮的"；B. correct"正确的"；C. strange"奇怪的"；D. beautiful "美丽的"。根据下文"Everyone laughed at him"可推知，托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音，所以受到嘲笑。故选C。
22．句意：但最近一切都很顺利。A. worse"更糟的"；B. well"情况良好，令人满意的"；C. wrong "错误的"；D. wild"狂野的"。根据下文"When he listens to music in the background he can speak without stuttering (结巴)!"；以及"to talk at the science fair today."可知，他找到了克服问题的办法并敢于参加演讲，所以最近一切都很顺利；go well固定短语，"进展顺利"。故选B。
23．句意：所以他才同意今天在科学展上演讲。A. agreed"同意"；B. forgot"忘记"；C. happened "发生"；D. feared"害怕"。根据下文"After breakfast, he got to school early to practise his speech."可知，他同意了在科学展上进行演讲。故选A。
24．句意：突然，其中一个走过来说："嘿，托尼，你猜怎么着 "。A. turned up"调高"；B. lay down "躺下"；C. showed off"炫耀"；D. came up"走近"。根据空后"said, ‘Hey, Tony, guess what '"可知，用一个同学走近托尼，问他问题。故选D。
25．句意：他想说："什么 "然后当然被"W"卡住了。A. noticed"注意到"；B. stuck"卡住"；C. frightened"使惊吓"；D. prepared"准备"。根据上文可知，托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音并遭到嘲笑，所以他会结巴。现在在同学的诱导下，又说了字母"W"，所以他被卡住了。故选B。
26．句意：男孩们笑了起来。A. leaving"离开"；B. running"跑"；C. laughing"笑"；D. praising "赞美"。根据下文"Tony became sad"可知，托尼又遭到了同学的嘲笑，非常难过。故选C。
27．句意：托尼很伤心，但想到爸爸在早餐时的鼓励，他转身勇敢地跑了起来! A. bravely"勇敢地"；B. slowly"慢慢地"；C. anxiously"紧张地"；D. happily"快乐地"。根据空前"but thinking of Dad's encouragement"可知，想到爸爸的鼓励，他勇敢地面对同学的嘲笑，转身跑了。故选A。
28．句意：不幸的是，轮到他发言时，他太紧张了，选错了音乐。A. excited"兴奋的"；B. nervous"紧张的"；C. inspired"受到启发的"；D. angry"生气的"。根据空后"he chose the wrong music"可知，他太紧张，以致把音乐都选错了。故选B。
29．句意：所以他不是在听莫扎特，而是在听他的舞曲合集。A. just like"就像"；B. instead of"而不是，代替"；C. in honor of"为了纪念"；D. according to"根据"。根据上文"he chose the wrong music"可知，他听到的不是自己需要的莫扎特音乐。故选B。
30．句意：令人惊讶的是，当他听到舞曲时，他忍不住跟它说起来，听起来就像他在说唱!A. Happily"高兴地"；B. Hesitantly"犹豫地"；C. Ultimately"最终"；D. Surprisingly"惊讶地"。根据空后"which sounded like he was rapping (说唱)!"可知，托尼跟着舞曲说话像在说唱，这是他没有料到的事情，让他感到惊讶。故选D。
31．句意：令人惊讶的是，当他听到舞曲时，他忍不住跟它说起来，听起来就像他在说唱!A. smiling"微笑"；B. dancing"跳舞"；C. talking"说话"；D. beating"敲击"。根据空后"sounded like he was rapping (说唱)!"可知，托尼跟着舞曲的节奏说了起来，像说唱。故选C。
32．句意：大多数人都没想到演讲中会有说唱。A. expecting"预计"；B. planning"计划"；C. learning"学习"；D. recognizing"认出"。根据上文可知，托尼本来准备的是莫扎特的音乐，却错放了舞曲，让自己的演讲变得像说唱，这是大家都没有预计到的事情。故选A。
33．句意：托尼看到有人在窃窃私语，但他不在乎。A. refuse"拒绝"；B. cry"哭"；C. play"玩"；D. care"在乎"。根据下文"when he finished"可知，托尼并没有在意别人的窃窃私语，完成了自己的表演。故选D。
34．句意：当他讲完时，所有人都站起来欢呼。A. cheered"欢呼"；B. left"离开"；C. waited"等待"；D. changed"改变"。根据空前"all stood up"；以及下文"Happy and excited"可推知，托尼演讲很成功。故选A。
35．句意：他又高兴又兴奋，知道自己已经克服了障碍。A. exam"考试"；B. speech"演讲"；C. barrier"障碍"；D. trick"诡计"。根据上文可知，托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音并遭到嘲笑，这是他的障碍，现在他成功克服了它。故选C。
【答案】36．honoured；37．fought；38．for；39．critical；40．eventually；41．dying；42．but；43．a；44．anger；45．was established
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了抗日英雄杨靖宇的英勇事迹。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，介词，形容词，副词，连词，冠词，名词，语态以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：杨靖宇1905年出生于河南省，被中国人民尊为抗日英雄。honour与Yang Jingyu在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作状语，故填honoured。
37．句意：1937年，杨成为东北抗日联军的领导人，参加了抗日游击战争。此处是谓语动词，根据上文became可知应用一般过去时。故填fought。
38．句意：1938年，日军出重金要杨氏首级，大量兵力包围了他的部下。后跟名词作宾语，表示"出重金要杨氏首级"应用介词for。故填for。
39．句意：1940年初，面对严重的物资短缺，杨决定让他的人以小组的形式突破，但他自己的60人被出卖给了日本人。修饰名词lack应用形容词critical，作定语。故填critical。
40．句意：他最终在2月23日被一大群日本军队追踪到。此处修饰动词track应用副词eventually，作状语，故填eventually。
41．句意：他杀死了20多名日本士兵，然后死于冰雹似的机关枪下。此处作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填dying。
42．句意：当日本人切开他的身体时，他们发现他的胃里只有树皮，棉花和草根，但没有一粒大米。结合前后文语境可知转折关系，故填but。
43．句意：杨的死对他忠诚的军队来说是一个巨大的打击，但他们化悲痛为愤怒，继续与侵略者进行激烈的战斗。a huge blow to固定短语，巨大的打击"，故填a。
44．句意：杨的死对他忠诚的军队来说是一个巨大的打击，但他们化悲痛为愤怒，继续与侵略者进行激烈的战斗。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词anger。故填anger。
45．句意：中华人民共和国成立后，他被重新安葬在吉林省通化市。此处是谓语动词，与主语 the People's Republic of China (PRC) 构成被动关系，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was established。
46．【答案】Speaking of the most beautiful person, different people have different opinions. In my view, my mother is the most beautiful person.
My mother works as a doctor in a hospital. As a doctor, she is very responsible for patients. During the first months of the outbreak of COVID-19, when the situation was awful, she worked day and night at the front line. What's more, she always spares no effort to help others. Whenever I'm in trouble, she always tells me nothing is impossible and encourages me to keep trying.
Thanks to her help, I have made great progress.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇短文参赛 。写作背景： 你校正在组织以"The Most Beautiful Person I Know"为题的征文比赛 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1.人物描述；2.你推荐的理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Speaking of the most beautiful person, different people have different opinions. 运用了现在分词作状语；During the first months of the outbreak of COVID-19, when the situation was awful, she worked day and night at the front line. 运用了非限制性定语从句； Whenever I'm in trouble, she always tells me nothing is impossible and encourages me to keep trying.运用了时间状语从句，宾语从句。
47．【答案】The ten-year-old took a few seconds to consider the situation. Then he dived in, cutting through the rapids of the waterfall. In a few seconds, he was next to the struggling girl. Panicking, she tried to climb on top of him. He went under for a little bit, then came back up. He stayed calm, but inside, his heart was beating wildly. An arm's length away from the girl, he asked her if she could swim. When she said no, Sammy carefully pulled her onto his back and swam toward the shore.
Soon, someone threw them a swimming board from the bank. They pulled both kids from the water. The little girl lay worn out on the ground, coughing and too frightened to cry. Then her coach rushed up, comforted her and turned to thank Sammy for saving the little girl, saying "You are really a great hero." "When I got in the water, I didn't really think about the consequences." Sammy smiled.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者和爸爸妈妈兄弟们露营玩耍的时候，遇到了露营的孩子们。一个女孩因为捡水壶而跌落瀑布的深水中，而作者勇救女孩脱离危险的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"十岁的孩子花了几秒钟来考虑这种情况"。可知，第一段可描写作者跳进水里救女孩的经过。②由第二段首句内容"不久，有人从岸边扔给他们一个游泳板"。可知，第二段可描写作者和女孩借助游泳板回到岸上的故事。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Then he dived in, cutting through the rapids of the waterfall. 运用了现在分词作状语；Panicking, she tried to climb on top of him.运用了现在分词作状语；He stayed calm, but inside, his heart was beating wildly. 运用了转折并列句；An arm's length away from the girl, he asked her if she could swim. 运用了宾语从句； When she said no, Sammy carefully pulled her onto his back and swam toward the shore.运用了时间状语从句；The little girl lay worn out on the ground, coughing and too frightened to cry. 运用了现在分词作状语；When I got in the water, I didn't really think about the consequences.运用了时间状语从句。
1 / 1四川省自贡市第一中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
一、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Icehouse and ice ticket
As early as Pre-Qin Dynasty, people used natural ice to keep food fresh and make cold drinks. The Zhou royal court had a specialized department called "ice administration". They collected natural ice blocks each December to store in the icehouse. During the Qing Dynasty, "ice tickets" were used and they were available only to officials and the rich.
Ice container
The most commonly used cooling tool is called "Jian", which is a big container filled with ice. It was made of clay in early Chinese history, and was later made of copper (铜). The "Jian" can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.
Hiding food in the well
During the Qin and Han dynasties, for common people, the most common way to cool off is by using their wells. Some families put a pot in the well as a cold closet, or put food in a basket and lowered the basket into the well with a rope.
Herbal drinks
During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body.
1．What does "Jian" have the same function as
A．Container. B．Refrigerator. C．Clay. D．Copper.
2．Which of the following is unavailable to common people
A．Ice tickets. B．Ice container.
C．Hiding food in the well. D．Herbal drinks.
3．What's the common purpose of the above four ways
A．To strengthen the body. B．To keep food fresh.
C．To escape the summer heat. D．To make cold drinks.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代人在炎炎夏日的避暑方略。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇生活类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Ice container 部分中的"The ‘Jian' can be seen as an ancient refrigerator, which can be used to make cold drinks.""Jian"可以被视为一种古老的冰箱，可以用来制作冷饮。可知，"Jian"与现在的冰箱用途一样。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据Icehouse and ice ticket 部分中的"During the Qing Dynasty, ‘ice tickets' were used and they were available only to officials and the rich."在清朝，"冰票"被使用，并且只对官员和富人开放。可知，在古代普通人无法得到冰票。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据各小标题"Icehouse and ice ticket"冰屋和冰票；"Ice container"放冰容器；"Hiding food in the well"把食物藏在井里；以及Herbal drinks部分中的"During the Qing Dynasty, taking Chinese herbal medicine was popular in Beijing. In hot summer, some people preferred to drink ice water, some boiled perilla leaves, and liquorice as summer soup to keep off the heat. Ancient people also loved to make lotus seed soup in summer for the benefit of strengthening the body."在清朝，服用中草药在北京很流行。在炎热的夏天，一些人喜欢喝冰水，一些煮熟的紫苏叶和甘草作为夏天的汤来保暖。古人也喜欢在夏天做莲子汤，以强身健体。可知，本文介绍了古人是如何避暑的，故选C。
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I set down a cup of soup in front of one of "The Party", she glanced down at it, and then frowned. "Hannah, I asked for a half cup of soup," she said, sounding angrily, "You are always so slow. I don't know how you always mess up our orders."
I politely mumbled an apology. It was only a cup of soup, and an honest mistake, but I felt like such a disaster.
The residents at the high-end senior living community, where I served as a waitress in the cafeteria, expected nothing less than a five-star dining experience and my small mistake was not to be tolerated.
When I first started working there, I was already shy and couldn't stand the idea that someone didn't like me. Early on, when residents would scold or criticize me with or without reasons, I felt like crawling under a rock.
The most difficult guests by far were a group of six women who the servers nicknamed "The Party." At first, they seemed friendly. But the truth is that they were rude and demanding. I would leave the dining room exhausted almost every night after serving them.
Somehow those rough nights started to change me to become more outgoing and self-assured. The residents gradually depend on me and my "convinced" smile. I used to have trouble speaking in front of a group and would be shy when I did. Now, I have no problem walking up to a table of fourteen people and making conversation as if I had known them my whole life.
I give credit to "The Party" for putting me in a situation where I had no choice but to smile and carry on. Today, when I see "The Party", I still flinch a little inside, but then I pull back my shoulders, lift my chin and march up to them ask, "What's it going to be today, ladies "
4．What do we know about the residents
A．They are very picky about services.
B．They all enjoy having meals in groups.
C．They all behave nicely and reasonably.
D．They all find favors in the eyes of the servers.
5．Which is the quality the author possesses now
A．Shyness. B．Confidence. C．Selfishness. D．Indifference.
6．What does the underline word "flinch" mean
A．take in. B．beat up. C．cheer up. D．draw back.
7．What moral lesson can we take from this story
A．Where there is a will, there is a way.
B．Practice makes perfect.
C．What doesn't kill you makes you stronger.
D．With great power comes great responsibility.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一个高端社区的咖啡厅里担任服务员。面对傲慢和苛刻的顾客，从害羞，尴尬到恨不得钻到石头底下，到现在无论遇到何种情况，都能与顾客轻松交谈，微笑应对。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第三段"The residents at the high-end senior living community, where I served as a waitress in the cafeteria, expected nothing less than a five-star dining experience and my small mistake was not to be tolerated."我在高端老年社区的咖啡厅担任服务员，住在这里的住户期待不亚于五星级的用餐体验，不能容忍我的一丁点小错误。可知，这里的住户非常挑剔。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"Somehow those rough nights started to change me to become more outgoing and self-assured. The residents gradually depend on me and my ‘convinced' smile. "不知怎么的，那些艰难的晚上开始改变了我，让我变得更加外向和自信。住户们都逐渐依赖我，还有我"有说服力"的笑容。可知，作者现在变得非常自信。故选B。
6．考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的"but then I pull back my shoulders, lift my chin and march up to them ask, ‘What's it going to be today, ladies '"但是之后我腰背挺直，抬起下巴，到她们跟前问道，"女士们，今天怎么样，喝点什么？"可知，上下文意思相反，即面对这些挑剔苛求的女士，作者仍然想退缩，远离她们。可推知划线词flinch意为"退缩"，故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的" Early on, when residents would scold or criticize me with or without reasons, I felt like crawling under a rock."早些时候，当住户责备或者批评我时，无论是有理由还是没有源由，我都想要钻到石头底下；第五段中的"But the truth is that they were rude and demanding. I would leave the dining room exhausted almost every night after serving them."但是事实是她们非常粗鲁和苛刻。几乎每个晚上服务完她们之后，离开餐厅时我都是身心俱疲；以及第六段中的"Now, I have no problem walking up to a table of fourteen people and making conversation as if I had known them my whole life."现在，我能轻易地走到坐了14人的餐桌旁，和客人聊天，好像我跟她们非常熟。可知，作者作为一名餐厅服务员，在面对苛求的顾客时，艰难的从害羞，退缩，胆小到现在蜕变成了一个强大，冷静，喜怒不形于色的人。可推知，从这个故事中会学到"杀不死你的终使你强大"。故选C。
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Many animals depend upon sound to find food or communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. Scientists have long documented the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist in Tehran, has revealed that plants fell victim to it too.
Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species in his lab that are commonly found in urban environments. The plants were grown from seed and allowed to mature for two months in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied.
Analysis of their leaves revealed that the chemicals which are indicators of stress in plants were found at much higher levels in the species exposed to the traffic noise. The team also found that certain chemicals normally associated with healthy growth in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Even the weight of the freshly-cut leaves differed — leaves from plants exposed to noise consistently weighed less than those from plants grown in silence.
Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's findings make it clear that, though plants lack ears, the vibrations (震动) generated by the noise of traffic still bothers them enough to cause strong stress responses that are not much different to those that would be found in plants exposed to extreme conditions.
The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved to adapt to the noisy environment, which might one day be collected and transplanted in urban areas, is a mystery worth exploring.
8．What does the author stress in paragraph 1
A．The influence of noise on plants.
B．Effects motorways have on animals.
C．The importance of sound for animals.
D．Problems plants have surviving in nature.
9． How did Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi conduct the experiment
A．By choosing two rare plant species.
B．By collecting samples from old leaves.
C．By making plants grow along motorways.
D．By studying plants grown in different conditions.
10．What can we know from Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's experiment
A．Plants exposed to noise were less stressful.
B．Changes of chemicals in leaves were unclear.
C．Leaves of plants grown in silence weighed more.
D．Plants grew more slowly when grown in silence.
11．What might researchers do in the future
A．To improve the adapting ability of plants.
B．To develop new species with high survival rate.
C．To set more restrictions on urban traffic noise.
D．To find plants suitable for noisy urban areas.
【答案】8．A
9．D
10．C
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了噪音也会对植物产生影响，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Many animals depend upon sound to find food or communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. Scientists have long documented the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist in Tehran, has revealed that plants fell victim to it too. "许多动物依靠声音来寻找食物或相互交流。当嘈杂的高速公路穿过它们的栖息地时，这些物种遭受痛苦是可以理解的。科学家们早就记录了噪音污染造成的生态破坏。然而，人们一直认为噪音是动物特有的问题。但德黑兰植物学家Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi的一项新研究表明，植物也成为了它的受害者。可知，作者在第一段强调了噪音对植物的影响。故选A。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied. "其中一组每天16小时暴露在来自德黑兰一条繁忙高速公路的73分贝的交通噪音中。另一组则在沉默中成长。15天后，从实验中每棵植物最年轻的完全展开的叶子上采集样本进行研究。可知，Ghotbi-Ravandi博士通过研究在不同条件下生长的植物进行实验。故选D。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Even the weight of the freshly-cut leaves differed — leaves from plants exposed to noise consistently weighed less than those from plants grown in silence. "即使是刚割下的叶子的重量也有所不同——在噪音环境中生长的植物的叶子总是比在安静环境中生长的植物的叶子轻。可知，寂静中生长的植物的叶子更重。故选C。
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Whether some plant species have evolved to adapt to the noisy environment, which might one day be collected and transplanted in urban areas, is a mystery worth exploring. "是否一些植物物种已经进化到适应嘈杂的环境，有一天可能会被收集并移植到城市地区，这是一个值得探索的谜。可知，未来研究人员可能会寻找适合嘈杂城市地区的植物。故选D。
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
OpenAI has announced a major upgrade to the technology that reinforces ChatGPT. If you think of ChatGPT as a car, the new language model known as GPT-4 adds a more powerful engine. It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out.
There is no better example of this than Morgan Stanley which has been using GPT-4 since last year. The bank trained GPT-4 on thousands of papers published by its analysts to create a chatbot for its own wealth advisers. About 200 staff at the bank have been using it daily. One analytics chief said the effort would also further enrich the relationship between Morgan Stanley advisors and their clients by enabling them to assist more people more quickly. How much more quickly What used to be done in half an hour can now be done in seconds.
Powerful AI systems like GPT-4 aren't going to replace large numbers of professional workers. But they will put them under greater pressure to be more productive and faster at what they do. That is what partly happened to professional translators and interpreters. As artificial intelligence tools like Google Translate and DeepL grew in popularity among business customers, many translators feared they would be replaced. Instead, they were expected to increase their output.
AI will also raise the bar on the human's performance. With the extra help, people have no excuses to leave anything out. Much of this is typical of the march of technology. Smart phones allowed us to be connected to work at all times. Slack allowed us to communicate with more people inside a company. But such tools also kept us further chained to work, squeezing (压榨) out minutes in the day that workers might have used in the past for deep-thinking or just taking a breather.
GPT-4 clearly has the potential to squeeze more value out of human workers, but it may well come at the cost of our mental energy. However brilliant these models become, watch out for how they might take you a tiny step closer to burnout.
12．What do the underlined words "a major upgrade" in paragraph 1 refer to
A．ChatGPT. B．GPT-4.
C．A new engine. D．OpenAI.
13．What is a consequence of GPT-4's introduction in Morgan Stanley
A．More staff have been laid off.
B．Advisers can have more free time.
C．The staff are pushed to work harder.
D．More papers will be published by analysts.
14．Why does the author mention smart phones and Slack in paragraph 4
A．To stress the rapid development of technology.
B．To explain why AI is universally used.
C．To promote several online working platforms.
D．To show side effects of technological advances.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．ChatGPT has a bright future in various fields.
B．Powerful AI systems are going to replace workers.
C．A new technology has been launched to improve productivity.
D．GPT-4 could turn the workplace into a productive but crazy place.
【答案】12．B
13．C
14．D
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了GPT-4让工作变得高效，而员工却不得不疯狂地工作，以至于牺牲他们的休息和思考时间，否则他们就会面临淘汰的风险。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"If you think of ChatGPT as a car, the new language model known as GPT-4 adds a more powerful engine. It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out."如果你把ChatGPT想象成一辆汽车，那么被称为GPT-4的新语言模型增加了一个更强大的引擎。它开启了一个超高效的新时代，专业人士必须更聪明、更快地工作，否则就会被淘汰。可知，划线短语a major upgrade指的就是GPT-4。故选B。
13．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out."它开启了一个超高效的新时代，专业人士必须更聪明、更快地工作，否则就会被淘汰；以及第二段中的"There is no better example of this than Morgan Stanley, which has been using GPT-4 since last year."没有比Morgan Stanley更好的例子了，它自去年以来一直在使用GPT-4。可知，Morgan Stanley引入GPT-4的一个后果是它的员工不得不更加努力的工作。故选C。
14．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"But such tools also kept us further chained to work, squeezing (压榨) out minutes in the day that workers might have used in the past for deep-thinking or just taking a breather."但这些工具也让我们进一步被束缚在工作上，挤出了过去员工可能用来深入思考或休息的时间。可推知，第四段提到智能手机和Slack是为了说明技术进步带来的副作用——人们被束缚在工作上，没有时间休息或思考。故选D。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"OpenAI has announced a major upgrade to the technology that reinforces ChatGPT. If you think of ChatGPT as a car, the new language model known as GPT-4 adds a more powerful engine. It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out."OpenAI宣布对增强ChatGPT的技术进行重大升级。如果你把ChatGPT想象成一辆汽车，那么被称为GPT-4的新语言模型增加了一个更强大的引擎。它开启了一个超高效的新时代，专业人士必须更聪明、更快地工作，否则就会被淘汰。可知，本文讲述GPT-4让工作变得高效，而员工却不得不疯狂地工作，以至于牺牲他们的休息和思考时间，否则他们就会面临淘汰的风险。故选D。
二、第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here are some tips to get your little ones to help you do housework naturally.
Expose kids to housework as much as possible
When they are young, let them watch you cook, wash clothes or walk the dog, or let them help make a bed. 16． .
Especially during the early years, give children the opportunity to wander over and watch what's going on with the adults. 17． . No lecturing or explanation is needed. This psychological integration (融入) into the family is really important for kids to learn to work together with others later in life.
18． .
A big motivating force for young children is being around their family, working on a common goal. This motivation is lost if we divide up housework so everyone is working alone. Therefore, if you're doing laundry, be sure everyone is folding everyone's clothes. If you have the children just fold their own clothes, the task becomes more about working independently.
Don't force it
Sometimes people think that to get children to do housework, the parents must be doing a really good job of controlling the kids. 19． . The aim is not to control the kids, but rather to develop the children's own initiative (主动性).
Forcing the child actually has the opposite effect. It can generate resistance.
20． . Asking a little kid "Could you help me with this " often gets them on board more often than simply saying "You must do this".
A. Actually, the opposite is true.
B. Always aim to work together.
C. The goal is to control the parents.
D. Change your mind about young children.
E. Just like adults, kids don't like being bossed around.
F. You'll be surprised by how much children learn by simply observing what you do.
G. Basically, be sure they're around anything you want them to help you later in life.
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．B；19．A；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何让你的孩子自然地帮助你做家务。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"When they are young, let them watch you cook, wash clothes or walk the dog, or let them help make a bed. "当他们年轻时，让他们看你做饭、洗衣服或遛狗，或者让他们帮忙铺床。举例介绍了让孩子尽可能多地看你做家务，让他们接触到家务，G. Basically, be sure they're around anything you want them to help you later in life."总的来说，确保他们在你希望他们在以后的生活中帮助你做的任何事情的周围。"是对上文的总结，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
17．根据空前"Especially during the early years, give children the opportunity to wander over and watch what's going on with the adults. "特别是在早期，给孩子们一个机会去你周围闲逛，看看大人在干什么。再次强调让孩子多观察大人在干什么，F. You'll be surprised by how much children learn by simply observing what you do."你会惊讶于孩子们仅仅通过观察你所做的事情就能学到多少东西"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
18．根据空后"A big motivating force for young children is being around their family, working on a common goal. "幼儿的一大动力是与家人在一起，为共同的目标而努力。可知，本段内容告诉我们幼儿喜欢和家人一起做一件事，为共同的目标而努力，B. Always aim to work together."始终以合作为目标。"能够概括段落主旨，符合语境。故选B。
19．根据空前"Sometimes people think that to get children to do housework, the parents must be doing a really good job of controlling the kids."有时人们认为，要让孩子做家务，父母必须在控制孩子方面做得很好。可知，上文的观点认为要让孩子做家务，父母需要控制孩子；以及空后"The aim is not to control the kids, but rather to develop the children's own initiative (主动性)."目的不是控制孩子，而是培养孩子的主动性。可知，下文观点认为要让孩子做家务，不是要控制孩子，而是培养孩子的主动性，A. Actually, the opposite is true."事实上，情况恰恰相反。"承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空后"Asking a little kid ‘Could you help me with this ' often gets them on board more often than simply saying ‘You must do this'." 问一个小孩"你能帮我一下吗？"经常能让他们参与进来，而不仅仅是简单地说"你必须这样做"。告诉我们要让一个小孩帮你做家务，不要用命令的口吻，E. Just like adults, kids don't like being bossed around."就像成年人一样，孩子们不喜欢被人指手画脚。"承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
三、第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Today is really special for Tony but two years ago, when he spoke before the whole class, he always made a 21． sound while saying the letter "W". Everyone laughed at him and he hasn't spoken in class since.
But it's been going really 22． lately. When he listens to music in the background he can speak without stuttering (结巴)! That's why he 23． to talk at the science fair today. After breakfast, he got to school early to practise his speech.
Some boys were waiting by the entrance when Tony arrived. Suddenly, one of them 24． and said, "Hey, Tony, guess what " Tony didn't think. He tried to say, "What " and of course got 25． on the "W". The boys started 26． . Tony became sad, but thinking of Dad's encouragement during breakfast, he turned and ran 27． !
Unfortunately, when it was his turn to speak, he was so 28． that he chose the wrong music. So 29． Mozart, he was listening to his dance collection. 30． , when he heard dance music he couldn't help 31． with it, which sounded like he was rapping (说唱)!
Most people weren't 32． a rap in a speech. Tony could see some were whispering, but he didn't 33． . And when he finished, all stood up and 34． .
Happy and excited, he knew he had passed the 35． .
21．A． loud B． correct C． strange D． beautiful
22．A． worse B． well C． wrong D． wild
23．A． agreed B． forgot C． happened D． feared
24．A． turned up B． lay down C． showed off D． came up
25．A． noticed B． stuck C． frightened D． prepared
26．A． leaving B． running C． laughing D． praising
27．A． bravely B． slowly C． anxiously D． happily
28．A． excited B． nervous C． inspired D． angry
29．A． just like B． instead of
C． in honor of D． according to
30．A． Happily B． Hesitantly
C． Ultimately D． Surprisingly
31．A． smiling B． dancing C． talking D． beating
32．A． expecting B． planning C． learning D． recognizing
33．A． refuse B． cry C． play D． care
34．A． cheered B． left C． waited D． changed
35．A． exam B． speech C． barrier D． trick
【答案】21．C；22．B；23．A；24．D；25．B；26．C；27．A；28．B；29．B；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．A；35．C
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音并遭到嘲笑，这让他不敢在人前说话。但最终他找到了障碍的方法并获得自信。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：今天对托尼来说真的很特别，但两年前，当他在全班演讲时，他总是在说字母"W"的时候发出奇怪的声音。A. loud"响亮的"；B. correct"正确的"；C. strange"奇怪的"；D. beautiful "美丽的"。根据下文"Everyone laughed at him"可推知，托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音，所以受到嘲笑。故选C。
22．句意：但最近一切都很顺利。A. worse"更糟的"；B. well"情况良好，令人满意的"；C. wrong "错误的"；D. wild"狂野的"。根据下文"When he listens to music in the background he can speak without stuttering (结巴)!"；以及"to talk at the science fair today."可知，他找到了克服问题的办法并敢于参加演讲，所以最近一切都很顺利；go well固定短语，"进展顺利"。故选B。
23．句意：所以他才同意今天在科学展上演讲。A. agreed"同意"；B. forgot"忘记"；C. happened "发生"；D. feared"害怕"。根据下文"After breakfast, he got to school early to practise his speech."可知，他同意了在科学展上进行演讲。故选A。
24．句意：突然，其中一个走过来说："嘿，托尼，你猜怎么着 "。A. turned up"调高"；B. lay down "躺下"；C. showed off"炫耀"；D. came up"走近"。根据空后"said, ‘Hey, Tony, guess what '"可知，用一个同学走近托尼，问他问题。故选D。
25．句意：他想说："什么 "然后当然被"W"卡住了。A. noticed"注意到"；B. stuck"卡住"；C. frightened"使惊吓"；D. prepared"准备"。根据上文可知，托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音并遭到嘲笑，所以他会结巴。现在在同学的诱导下，又说了字母"W"，所以他被卡住了。故选B。
26．句意：男孩们笑了起来。A. leaving"离开"；B. running"跑"；C. laughing"笑"；D. praising "赞美"。根据下文"Tony became sad"可知，托尼又遭到了同学的嘲笑，非常难过。故选C。
27．句意：托尼很伤心，但想到爸爸在早餐时的鼓励，他转身勇敢地跑了起来! A. bravely"勇敢地"；B. slowly"慢慢地"；C. anxiously"紧张地"；D. happily"快乐地"。根据空前"but thinking of Dad's encouragement"可知，想到爸爸的鼓励，他勇敢地面对同学的嘲笑，转身跑了。故选A。
28．句意：不幸的是，轮到他发言时，他太紧张了，选错了音乐。A. excited"兴奋的"；B. nervous"紧张的"；C. inspired"受到启发的"；D. angry"生气的"。根据空后"he chose the wrong music"可知，他太紧张，以致把音乐都选错了。故选B。
29．句意：所以他不是在听莫扎特，而是在听他的舞曲合集。A. just like"就像"；B. instead of"而不是，代替"；C. in honor of"为了纪念"；D. according to"根据"。根据上文"he chose the wrong music"可知，他听到的不是自己需要的莫扎特音乐。故选B。
30．句意：令人惊讶的是，当他听到舞曲时，他忍不住跟它说起来，听起来就像他在说唱!A. Happily"高兴地"；B. Hesitantly"犹豫地"；C. Ultimately"最终"；D. Surprisingly"惊讶地"。根据空后"which sounded like he was rapping (说唱)!"可知，托尼跟着舞曲说话像在说唱，这是他没有料到的事情，让他感到惊讶。故选D。
31．句意：令人惊讶的是，当他听到舞曲时，他忍不住跟它说起来，听起来就像他在说唱!A. smiling"微笑"；B. dancing"跳舞"；C. talking"说话"；D. beating"敲击"。根据空后"sounded like he was rapping (说唱)!"可知，托尼跟着舞曲的节奏说了起来，像说唱。故选C。
32．句意：大多数人都没想到演讲中会有说唱。A. expecting"预计"；B. planning"计划"；C. learning"学习"；D. recognizing"认出"。根据上文可知，托尼本来准备的是莫扎特的音乐，却错放了舞曲，让自己的演讲变得像说唱，这是大家都没有预计到的事情。故选A。
33．句意：托尼看到有人在窃窃私语，但他不在乎。A. refuse"拒绝"；B. cry"哭"；C. play"玩"；D. care"在乎"。根据下文"when he finished"可知，托尼并没有在意别人的窃窃私语，完成了自己的表演。故选D。
34．句意：当他讲完时，所有人都站起来欢呼。A. cheered"欢呼"；B. left"离开"；C. waited"等待"；D. changed"改变"。根据空前"all stood up"；以及下文"Happy and excited"可推知，托尼演讲很成功。故选A。
35．句意：他又高兴又兴奋，知道自己已经克服了障碍。A. exam"考试"；B. speech"演讲"；C. barrier"障碍"；D. trick"诡计"。根据上文可知，托尼在说字母"W"的时候会发出奇怪的声音并遭到嘲笑，这是他的障碍，现在他成功克服了它。故选C。
四、第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2024高二下·自贡期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yang Jingyu, 36． (honour) as an anti-Japanese hero by the Chinese people, was born in Henan Province in 1905. He joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1927. In 1937 Yang became leader of the North-east Anti-Japanese United Army and 37． (fight) a guerrilla war against the Japanese invaders.
In 1938, the Japanese army offered a large sum of money 38． Yang's head and a large number of troops surrounded his men. In early 1940, facing a 39． (critic) lack of supplies, Yang decided to let his men break through in small groups, but his own section of 60 men was betrayed to the Japanese. After these men were killed, Yang kept on fighting alone for five days. He was 40． (eventual) tracked down on 23 February by a large unit of Japanese troops. He killed more than 20 Japanese soldiers before 41． (die) in a hail of machine gunfire. When the Japanese cut open his body, they discovered only tree bark, cotton and grassroots, 42． not a single grain of rice in his stomach.
Yang's death was 43． huge blow to his loyal troops, but they turned sorrow into 44． (angry) and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders. After the People's Republic of China (PRC) 45． (establish), Yang was reburied with full military honours, in Tonghua, Jilin Province.
【答案】36．honoured；37．fought；38．for；39．critical；40．eventually；41．dying；42．but；43．a；44．anger；45．was established
【知识点】人物传记类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了抗日英雄杨靖宇的英勇事迹。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态，介词，形容词，副词，连词，冠词，名词，语态以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：杨靖宇1905年出生于河南省，被中国人民尊为抗日英雄。honour与Yang Jingyu在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作状语，故填honoured。
37．句意：1937年，杨成为东北抗日联军的领导人，参加了抗日游击战争。此处是谓语动词，根据上文became可知应用一般过去时。故填fought。
38．句意：1938年，日军出重金要杨氏首级，大量兵力包围了他的部下。后跟名词作宾语，表示"出重金要杨氏首级"应用介词for。故填for。
39．句意：1940年初，面对严重的物资短缺，杨决定让他的人以小组的形式突破，但他自己的60人被出卖给了日本人。修饰名词lack应用形容词critical，作定语。故填critical。
40．句意：他最终在2月23日被一大群日本军队追踪到。此处修饰动词track应用副词eventually，作状语，故填eventually。
41．句意：他杀死了20多名日本士兵，然后死于冰雹似的机关枪下。此处作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填dying。
42．句意：当日本人切开他的身体时，他们发现他的胃里只有树皮，棉花和草根，但没有一粒大米。结合前后文语境可知转折关系，故填but。
43．句意：杨的死对他忠诚的军队来说是一个巨大的打击，但他们化悲痛为愤怒，继续与侵略者进行激烈的战斗。a huge blow to固定短语，巨大的打击"，故填a。
44．句意：杨的死对他忠诚的军队来说是一个巨大的打击，但他们化悲痛为愤怒，继续与侵略者进行激烈的战斗。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词anger。故填anger。
45．句意：中华人民共和国成立后，他被重新安葬在吉林省通化市。此处是谓语动词，与主语 the People's Republic of China (PRC) 构成被动关系，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was established。
五、第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）
46．（2024高二下·自贡期末） 你校正在组织以"The Most Beautiful Person I Know"为题的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文参赛。内容包括：
1.人物描述；
2.你推荐的理由。
注意：
1.词数80字左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
【答案】Speaking of the most beautiful person, different people have different opinions. In my view, my mother is the most beautiful person.
My mother works as a doctor in a hospital. As a doctor, she is very responsible for patients. During the first months of the outbreak of COVID-19, when the situation was awful, she worked day and night at the front line. What's more, she always spares no effort to help others. Whenever I'm in trouble, she always tells me nothing is impossible and encourages me to keep trying.
Thanks to her help, I have made great progress.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一篇短文参赛 。写作背景： 你校正在组织以"The Most Beautiful Person I Know"为题的征文比赛 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1.人物描述；2.你推荐的理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Speaking of the most beautiful person, different people have different opinions. 运用了现在分词作状语；During the first months of the outbreak of COVID-19, when the situation was awful, she worked day and night at the front line. 运用了非限制性定语从句； Whenever I'm in trouble, she always tells me nothing is impossible and encourages me to keep trying.运用了时间状语从句，宾语从句。
六、第二节（满分25分）
47．（2024高二下·自贡期末） 读后续写
It was a hot June day in the suburb of Austin, Texas, and Sammy Armstrong couldn't wait to get in the water. The ten-year-old was on a camping trip with his mom, Kelley, his dad, Stacey, and his brothers, Ben and Willy.
Around 11 a.m., Sammy and Willy accompanied their dad to Upper Falls. Below is a swimming hole, 20 feet deep in some places.
With his father watching from the rocks above, Sammy jumped in. He was a good swimmer — he had been on the swim team in his hometown of Cypress, Texas. Sammy played in the water for a while, eventually pulling himself out of the swimming hole and onto a warm big round stone and watching a group of children struggle through the river bed above. They were summer campers from Austin who, along with their coaches, were headed back to the visitors' parking lot after a morning hike. As the kids passed Father and Willy, a tiny five-year-old girl reached down to grab a water bottle and lost her balance. In an instant, she was swept over the falls.
"A girl went over the waterfall!" Father shouted loudly. Sammy caught a glimpse（一瞥） of the girl's arm and the top of her dark head as the rapids pushed her into the hollow（洞） beneath the rock, hiding her from the crowd above. She was struggling up and down in the deep water.
His father, with Willy firmly held under one arm, walked toward the edge of the waterfall to try to locate the girl, but Sammy was the one in striking distance. "You have to get her out of there!" Father yelled down to him. Sammy was nervous, but when he saw his dad just looking at him, he understood what he had to do. In fact, years in the Boy Scouts（童子军） had taught Sammy never to enter a dangerous situation without an exit strategy.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The ten-year-old took a few seconds to consider the situation.
Soon, someone threw them a swimming board from the bank.
【答案】The ten-year-old took a few seconds to consider the situation. Then he dived in, cutting through the rapids of the waterfall. In a few seconds, he was next to the struggling girl. Panicking, she tried to climb on top of him. He went under for a little bit, then came back up. He stayed calm, but inside, his heart was beating wildly. An arm's length away from the girl, he asked her if she could swim. When she said no, Sammy carefully pulled her onto his back and swam toward the shore.
Soon, someone threw them a swimming board from the bank. They pulled both kids from the water. The little girl lay worn out on the ground, coughing and too frightened to cry. Then her coach rushed up, comforted her and turned to thank Sammy for saving the little girl, saying "You are really a great hero." "When I got in the water, I didn't really think about the consequences." Sammy smiled.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者和爸爸妈妈兄弟们露营玩耍的时候，遇到了露营的孩子们。一个女孩因为捡水壶而跌落瀑布的深水中，而作者勇救女孩脱离危险的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"十岁的孩子花了几秒钟来考虑这种情况"。可知，第一段可描写作者跳进水里救女孩的经过。②由第二段首句内容"不久，有人从岸边扔给他们一个游泳板"。可知，第二段可描写作者和女孩借助游泳板回到岸上的故事。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Then he dived in, cutting through the rapids of the waterfall. 运用了现在分词作状语；Panicking, she tried to climb on top of him.运用了现在分词作状语；He stayed calm, but inside, his heart was beating wildly. 运用了转折并列句；An arm's length away from the girl, he asked her if she could swim. 运用了宾语从句； When she said no, Sammy carefully pulled her onto his back and swam toward the shore.运用了时间状语从句；The little girl lay worn out on the ground, coughing and too frightened to cry. 运用了现在分词作状语；When I got in the water, I didn't really think about the consequences.运用了时间状语从句。
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