2025届高考英语考点剖析精创专题卷 专题十四 语法填空说明类专练(含解析）

专题十四 语法填空说明类专练——2025届高考英语考点剖析精创专题卷
考点01：冠词（第一大题⑦，第二大题③，第四大题⑩，第五大题⑨，第六大题①）
考点02：代词（第三大题⑥，第六大题⑩）
考点03：介词和介词短语（第一大题⑧，第三大题⑩，第四大题④，第五大题①③，第六大题⑨）
考点04：名词（第一大题⑨，第三大题①⑧，第四大题⑧，第五大题，第六大题②）
考点05：形容词和副词（第一大题①④，第二大题⑦⑧，第三大题④⑦，第四大题⑥⑨，第五大题，第六大题③④⑤）
考点06：非谓语动词（第一大题⑤⑥，第二大题④⑩，第三大题②⑨，第四大题⑤，第五大题⑤⑧）
考点07：动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（第一大题②，第二大题①⑨，第四大题③⑦，第五大题④⑥⑩，第六大题⑧）
考点08：定语从句（第六大题⑥）
考点09：名词性从句（第二大题⑥，第四大题①，第五大题②，第六大题⑦）
考点10：连词（第一大题③，第二大题②，第三大题③）
考点11：状语从句（第四大题②）
一、
Yungang Grottoes(石窟) in Datong, Shanxi Province, are a world cultural heritage site with a history that goes back more than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes, ①________(rough) 59,000 figures of the Buddha ②_______(be) a priceless treasure of human culture.
③________ because of the effects of climate change and natural disasters, the grottoes face damage year after year. Thanks to ④________(advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating (复制)” the Yungang Grottoes in an attempt ⑤________(preserve) the precious cultural relics. ⑥________(employ) 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers digitally record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce them by using 3D printing technology.
⑦________ new technology could enable more people to have access to the cultural relics ⑧________ the distance. In June, 2020, the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grottoes Research Institute together “copied and pasted” Cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for exhibition in Hangzhou. There, people could see the world’s first 3D-printed l: l “copy” of a grotto.
The Yungang ⑨________(researcher)attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage. It is hoped ⑩________ the new digitized technologies will facilitate the “rebirth” of the cultural relics, and bring them to more places worldwide.
二、
Although picture quality ①________ (improve) greatly with the development of flat-screen televisions, sound has taken a dive. The problem is that televisions with slimmed-down screens have insufficient room for decent speakers to be fitted to them, either at the back ②_______ in the frame (框). Such televisions are usually connected to ③_______ external sound system, such as a sound bar or a home-cinema system, ④________ (make) their audio quality better.
The loudspeakers of early televisions were as big as the screen, but engineers have got good at making speakers smaller and putting them into ⑤________ (tight) spaces. Sony is the first company to develop ⑥________ it calls Acoustic Surface.
Unlike ⑦________ (tradition) ones, this screen gives off the light directly. This means it is able to vibrate (振动) more ⑧________ (flexible). This vibration is invisible to the viewer and does not affect picture quality. One beneficial consequence is that a program’s music ⑨ ________ (broadcast) directly at the viewer instead of from the side. It is also possible to create stereo (立体的) effects by ⑩ ______ (move) the sound’s point of origin across the screen.
三、
There have been many false dawns for the electric car. France and the UK were among the ①_____(pioneer) of electric vehicles in the late 19th century, with wealthy customers ②_____(use) them for short trips around cities. By the early 1900s, ③_____, the discovery of abundant oil reserves and larger road networks had helped to ruin the use of electric cars in favour of petrol.
Today, more than a century later, polluting petrol cars still dominate sales ④_____(global) but there are encouraging signs of 2021 possibly being the start of a lasting electric future.
Norway, a nation whose wealth ⑤_____(base) on fossil fuels, last year became the first country in the world where the sales of electric cars overtook ⑥_____ powered by petrol engines. Britain's Boris Johnson last year promised to end the sale of new petrol cars by 2030. The target is ⑦_____(admire) but only achievable if accompanied by an ⑧_____(improve) of the existing charging services for EVs.
Ultimately, the goal must be for EVs ⑨_____(become) commercial in their own right. A key turning point will come when they cost as much to produce ⑩_____ conventional vehicles.
四、
Chinese taikonauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, and Ye Guangfu, conducted the science lecture
400 kilometers above Earth. They interacted with students from five classrooms across China and showed viewers ①______ they live and work inside the space station.
When ②______(reply)to a Hong Kong student's question about water, Wang explained that the water they drink ③______(recycle), noting that there is no difference in taste ④______ regular water and recycled water and every drop of water is made full use of there. In an experiment, she created a water film using a metal ring and a bag ⑤______(fill) with water. Then she placed on the water film a paper flower bud(花蕾)prepared by her daughter and her before the journey. The bud turned around ⑥______(magical)on the film and "blossomed."
Zhai ⑦______(introduce)the "penguin jumpsuit" Ye was wearing during the class. The suit has multiple flexible bands inside to help the astronauts maintain their muscle ⑧______(strong).
Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in the ⑨______(weight)environment in space. They compared ⑩______ growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing rules and mechanisms.
五、
Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ①__________, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ②__________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person ③__________ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food ④__________ (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ⑤__________ (change) lives.
By about 6000 BC, people ⑥__________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the ⑦__________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, ⑧__________ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ⑨__________ rise of science, changes began. New methods ⑩__________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers (化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
六、
Winter sports were already popular in China a thousand years ago in the form of Bingxi(冰嬉), or play on ice. Bingxi as ①_____ form of performance for the court began in the Song Dynasty and reached its peak during Qing. A Bingxi painting in the collection of the Palace Museum portrays scenes of Bingxi during the Qing Dynasty. A closer look at the painting will show that there are many ②_____ (similarity) between how ancient Chinese people enjoyed games on ice and modern day ③_____ (compete) events at the Winter Olympic Games.
In the painting, the emperor, ④_____ (seat) inside his ice bed, was watching skaters compete ⑤_____ (fierce). Three types of ice skating were performed, the first one of ⑥_____ is speed race, similar to modern speed skating. Participants raced to the emperor’s ice bed from 2 to 3 kilometers away. ⑦_____reached the emperor first won first prize. The second is figure skating. Jumps, spins and pair work moves common in modern day figure skating can all be found in the painting. The third is the soccer on ice. Participants in two teams skated, kicked and tried to score goals. If the “tool” for scoring goals ⑧_____ (change) from legs to sticks, it is highly comparable to hockey.
To this day, the interest ⑨_____ winter sports in Chinese people has never decreased. Each winter, in Beihai and Shichahai of Beijing, people are still enjoying ⑩_____ (they) forms of Bingxi.
答案以及解析
一、
答案：①roughly ②are ③But ④advanced ⑤to preserve ⑥Employing ⑦The ⑧despite ⑨researchers’ ⑩that
解析：①考查副词。句意:云冈的45个大石窗和200多个小石窗中,大约有5.9万尊佛像,是人类文化中无价的财富。修饰后文59,000 figures of the Buddha表示“大约”应用副词roughly.故填roughly。
②考查主谓一致。句意:云冈的45个大石室和200多个小石窟中,大约有5.9万尊佛像,是人类文化中无价的财富。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为“45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes”,谓语动词用复数。故填are。
③考查连词。句意:但是由于气候变化和自然灾难的影响,石窟一年年地面临着破坏。上文提到石窟的价值,结合空后“石窟一年年地面临着破坏”可知,上下文是转折关系,应用but,句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。
④考查形容词。句意:由于先进的数字技术,研究人员正忙于“复制”云冈石窟,试图保护珍贵的文物。修饰后文名词短语 digital technology,应用形容词advanced,作定语。故填 advanced。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意:由于先进的数字技术,研究人员正忙于“复制”云冈石皇,试图保护珍贵的文物。短语 in an attempt to do sth.表示“试图做某事”。故填 to preserve。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意:利用3D激光扫描技术,研究人员用数字技术记录了石窟的形状、颜色和其他细节,然后用3D打印技术重现它们。分析句子结构可知employ与逻辑主语researchers构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写,故填Employing。
⑦考查冠词。句意:这项新技术可以使更多的人接触到文物,尽管距离很远。此处为特指应用定冠词,句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。
⑧考查介词。句意:这项新技术可以使更多的人接触到文物,尽管距离很远,结合句意表示“尽管”应用介词despite.故填despite。
⑨考查名词的数和所有格。句意:云冈研究人员的尝试是科技帮助保护文化遗产的一个很好的例子,根据上文these可知researcher应用复数,且与后文名词attempt构成所属关系,故应用名词所有格。故填researchers'。
⑩考查周定句型。句意:人们希望新的数字化技术能够促进文物的“重生”,并将其带到世界更多地方。结合句意表示“人们希望……”句型为it is hoped that, it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语。故填that。
二、
答案：①has improved ②or ③an ④to make ⑤tighter ⑥what ⑦traditional ⑧flexibly ⑨is broadcast/is broadcasted ⑩moving
解析：①考查时态。句意:尽管随着平板电视的发展,西面质量有了很大的提高,但声音却下降了。空处为状语从句的谓语动词,结合语境和主句渭语动词has taken判断为现在完成时, improve一般用主动形式表被动意义,主语quality不可数,助动词用has.故填has improved.
②考查连词。句意:问题是,屏幕变薄的电视没有足够的空间安装像样的扬声器,无论是在背面还是在边框。结合句意表达"要么……要么……",用either...or…,故填or。
③考查冠词。句意:这种电视通常连接到外部声音系统,例如声音酒吧或家庭影院系统,以使其音频质量更好。system"系统"是可数名词,此处为泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且external的发音是元音音素开头,故填an。
④考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句子谓语动词是are connected to,且无连词,故空处为非谓语动词:结合句意表示目的用不定式。故填to make。
⑤考查比较级。句意:早期电视的扬声器和屏幕一样大,但工程师们已经很擅长将扬声器变小,并将其放入更紧凑的空间。结合上文smaller可知,此处是指更紧凑的空间,应用比较级tighter修饰名词spaces.故填tighter。
⑥考查宾语从句。句意:索尼是第一家开发"声学表面"的公司。空处引导宾语从句,从句谓语动词calls后缺少间接宾语,指代事物,应用连接代词what。故填what。
⑦考查形容词。句意:不像传统的屏幕,这个屏幕直接发光。修饰ones应用所给词的形容词形式,故填traditional。
⑧考查副词。句意:这意味着它能够更灵活地振动。修饰动词vibrate应用所给词的副词形式。故填flexibly。
⑨考查时态语态。句意:一个有益的结果是,节目的音乐直接向观众而不是从侧面播放。空处为表语从句的谓语动词,陈述客观事实,且主语music和broadcast是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态, 主语是单数,故填is broadcast/broadcasted.
⑩考查动名词。句意:它也可以通过移动声音的原点在屏幕上产生立体声效果。介词by后应用move的动名词形式作宾语。故填moving。
三、
答案：①pioneers ②using ③however ④globally ⑤is based ⑥those ⑦admirable ⑧improvement ⑨to become ⑩as
解析：①考查名词复数。句意:19世纪末,法国和英国是电动汽车的先驱之一,富有的客户在城市短途旅行时使用电动汽车。在介词among后应用可数名词复数。故填pioneers。
②考查现在分词。句意:19世纪末,法国和英国是电动汽车的先驱之一,富有的客户在城市短途旅行时使用电动汽车。在“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构中,动词use和逻辑主语customers构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词作宾补。故填using。
③考查连词。句意:然而,到20世纪初,丰富的石油储量和更大的公路网的发现,帮助人们减少对电动汽车的使用,转而使用以汽油为燃料的汽车。后文"the discovery of abundant oil reserves and larger road networks had helped to ruin the use of electric cars in favour of petrol"和前文构成转折关系,且此处有逗号,所以应用表示转折的副词however。故填however。
④考查副词。句意:一个多世纪后的今天,污染严重的汽油车仍在全球销售中占主导地位,但有令人鼓舞的迹象表明,2021年可能将开启持久的电动汽车未来。修饰动词dominate应用副词。故填globally。
⑤考查固定短语和时态。句意:以化石燃料为财富基础的挪威,去年成为世界上第一个电动汽车销量超过汽油发动机汽车的国家此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时。be based on意为做……基础,为固定搭配。故填is based。
⑥考查代词。句意:以化石燃料为财富基础的挪威,去年成为世界上第一个电动汽车销量超过汽油发动机汽车的国家。此处指代和前文提到的cars同类型的事物,应用those。故填those。
⑦考查形容词。句意:这目标令人钦佩,但只有在改善现有电动汽车充电服务的情况下才能实现。此处缺少形容词作表语,故填admirable。
⑧考查名词。句意:这一目标令人钦佩,但只有在改善现有电动汽车充电服务的情况下才能实现。不定冠词an后应用名词单数作介词by的宾语。名词improvement意为"改善"。故填improvement。
⑨考查不定式。句意:最终的目标必须是让电动汽车凭借自己的能力实现商业化。主语是goal,应用不定式作表语。故填to become。
⑩考查介词。句意:当它们的生产成本与传统汽车相当时,一个关键的转折点就会到来。as much as意为“和......一样多”,为固定.搭配。故填as。
四、
答案：①how ②replying ③is recycled ④between ⑤filled ⑥magically ⑦introduced ⑧strength ⑨weightless ⑩the
解析：①考查名词性从句。句意：他们与来自中国五个教室的学生进行了互动并向观众们展示他们是如何在太空站生活与工作的。分析句子结构可知,"_____they live and work inside the space station."作动词showed(展示)的宾语,是宾语从句,结合句意分析从句结构，从句中缺少方式状语，表示"如何"，应用连接副词how来引导。故填how。
②考查状语从句的省略。句意：对于香港学生提出的有关水的问题，他解释说："他们喝的水是循环利用的。普通水和循环利用水的味道没有区别,而且每一滴水都得到了充分利用。"在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略从句中跟主句一致的主语和be动词,结合句意,分析子可知, "When______ (reply) to a Hong Kong student's question about water, "是时间状语从句， 原句为"When Wang is replying to a Hong Kong student's question about water,"，符合状语从句省略条件，省略Wang is后，应保留现在分词replying。故填replying。
③考查动词时态语态。句意：对于香港学生提出的有关水的问题，他解释说："他们喝的水是循环利用的。普通水和循环利用水的味道没有区别，而且每一滴水都得到了充分利用。"分析句子可知，recycle(循环利用）是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语the water之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语the water是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is recycled。
④考查介词。句意：对于香港学生提出的有关水的问题，他解释说："他们喝的水是循环利用的。普通水和循环利用水的味道没有区别，而且每一滴水都得到了充分利用。"。between...and...为固定搭配，意为"……与……之间"。故填between。
⑤考查非谓语动词，句意：在一次实验中，她用一个金属环和一个装满水的袋子制作了一种水膜。分析句子可知，fill（装满）作后置定语修饰名词bag，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语bag之间是被动关系，且"装满水"这一动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词，表示被动和完成。故填filled。
⑥考查副词。句意：花蕾在胶片上神奇地转了个身，开花了。根据句意可知，提示词修饰动词短语turned around，应用副词形式magically,意为"神奇地"。故填magically。
⑦考查动词时态。句意：翟老师介绍了叶老师上课时穿的企鹅连体衣。分析句子可知，introduce（介绍）是句中谓语动词，与主语Zhai之间是主动关系，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填introduced。
⑧考查名词。句意：宇航服内部有多个可弯曲的带，以帮助宇航员保持他们的肌肉强度。根据句意和空格前形容词性物主代词their可知，应填入名词strength构成名词词组muscle strength作宾语，意为"肌肉强度"。故填strength。
⑨考查形容词。句意：叶教授演示了在太空失重环境下细胞生长的相关实验。根据句意可知，提示词作定语修饰名词environment(环境)，应用形容词形式，结合常识，此处表示"失重的环境"，应用形容词weightless。故填weightless。
⑩考查冠词。句意：他们比较了人工重力和零重力条件下细胞的生长和形状，以研究它们的变化规律和机制。句中指人工重力和零重力条件下细胞的"生长和形状"，特指，用定冠词the限定。故填the。
五、
答案：in; what; than; was needed; to change ; had discovered; seasons; making; the; meant
解析：本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会进步。文章介绍了从人类逐渐减少依靠狩猎生活,逐步发展起农业,到使用新型机械和人工肥料的现代农业的过程。本文旨在增加人们对人类文明和社会进步的了解。
①考查介词。句意:公元前10,000年以后的一段时间,人类首次尝试通过农业来控制他们生活的世界。根据文章中句子的结构可知,they lived ________为限制性定语从句,先行词为world。将先行词代入定语从句后,应为they lived in the world,故填in。
②考查宾语从句。经过了几千年,他们开始较少地依靠狩猎或是野外采集食物。根据句子结构可知设空处引导介词后的宾语从句,且设空处在从句中作主语,表示“什么”,故填what。
③考查介词。句意:每个人在耕种时比在狩猎和采集中生产更多的食物,所以人们可以养更多的孩子。题干中的"more"有比较含义,故填than。
④考查时态和语态。句意:随着更多的孩子出生,(人们)需要更多的食物。主语与谓语之间是被动关系,并且讲述的是过去的事情,故填was needed。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到了改变生活的科技的力量。此处不定式作定语,修饰power,根据the power to do sth.可知此处填不定式。故填to change。
⑥考查时态。句意:到了大约公元前6000年,人们就已经发现了最好的去种植的作物和养殖的动物。根据By about 6000 BC可知应用过去完成时,故填had discovered。
⑦考查名词复数。后来他们学着随着季节的变更劳作。根据句意,一年有四季,可知此处该填名词复数。故填seasons。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学着随着季节的变更劳作,在合适的时间种植,在干旱的地区,充分利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。句中已经有了谓语动词learned, make和句子的主语they是主动关系,故填making。
⑨考查冠词。句意:然后随着科学的发展,变化产生了。设空处特指科学的发展,故填the。
⑩考查时态。句意:新的方法意味着更少的人从事农业。设空处讲述的是过去的事情,故填meant。
六、
答案：①a ②similarities ③competitive ④seated ⑤fiercely ⑥which ⑦Whoever ⑧is changed ⑨in ⑩their
解析：①考查冠词。句意：冰嬉作为一种宫廷表演的形式始于宋代，在清代达到顶峰，根据句意可知，句中泛指一种宫廷表演的形式，故空格处应用不定冠词，“form”单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”，“a form of...”意为“一种……的形式”。故填a。
②考查名词。句意：仔细观察这幅画可以发现，古代中国人在冰上玩游戏的方式与现代冬奥会的竞技项目有很多相似之处。分析句子可知，句子为“there be”句型，空格处应用名词，作主语，“similarity”意为“相似点，类似的地方”，为可数名词，“many”后接可数名词复数， 故空格处应用“similarity”的复数形式“similarities”。 故填similarities。
③考查形容词。句意：仔细观察这幅画可以发现，古代中国人在冰上玩游戏的方式与现代冬奥会的竟技项目有很多相似之处，分析句子可知，句中“events”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，“compete”意为“竞争”，动词词性，对应的形容词为“competitive”，意为“竞争的”，作定语。故填competitive。
④考查形容词，句意：在这幅画中，皇帝坐在他的冰床里，看着滑冰运动员激烈地比赛。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“was watching”其句中无连词，故空格处应用形容词作状语，描述主语的状态，“seat”意为“座位”，名词词性，“seated”意为“就座的，坐下来的”，形容词词性。故填seated。
⑤考查副词。句意：在这幅画中，皇帝坐在他的冰床里，看着滑冰运动员激烈地比赛。分析句子可知，句中“compete”为动词，应用副词修饰，“fierce”意为“激烈的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“fiercely”，意为“激烈地”，作状语，故填fiercely。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：共进行了三种类型的滑冰，第一种是速度赛，与现代速度滑冰相似。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Three types of ice skating”，指物，在从句中作介词“of”的宾语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
⑦考查主语从句。句意：无论是谁先到达皇帝那里，就得了一等奖，分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”，故应用“whoever”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whoever。
⑧考查时态和语态。句意：如果得分的“工具”从腿变成了棍子，那么它与曲棍球具有很强的可比性。分析句子可知，句子为“If”引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，“tool”与“change”之间为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，“tool”与“is”连用，“change”的过去分词为“changed”，故空格处应填“is changed”。故填is changed。
⑨考查介词。句意：时至今日，中国人对冬季运动的兴趣从未减弱。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“the interest in...”，意为“对……的兴题”，故空格处应用介词“in”。故填in。
⑩考查代词。句意：每年冬天，在北京的北海和什刹海，人们仍在享受他们的冰嬉形式，分析句子可知，句中“forms”为名词，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they”对应的形容词性物主代词为“their”，意为“他们的”。故填their。