Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．debate n．& v．讨论，辩论
(1)have a debate with sb．about/on/over sth．
与某人就某事辩论
under debate 正在辩论/讨论中
a heated debate 激烈的辩论
beyond debate 无可争辩
(2)debate with sb．about/on/over sth． 与某人就某事辩论
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime cause．
②We must debate about the question with the rest members．
③那名作家与那位专家就引起2亿年前大灭绝的原因进行了辩论。
The writer and the professor have a debate about/on/over the reasons caused the massive extinction 200 million years ago．
2．argue v．争论，争辩
(1)argue with sb．about/over sth． 与某人辩论某事
argue for/against sth． 赞成/反对某事
argue sb．into/out of doing sth． 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张，认为……
(2)argument n． 争论，争辩
beyond argument 无可争辩
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I managed to argue her into taking a walk with me after supper．
②They were in the middle of an argument(argue) but broke off when someone came into the room．
③每个人都有保护环境的责任，这是无可争辩的事实。
It is beyond argument that everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment．
3．sharp adj．敏锐的，聪明的；锋利的；急剧的；(常指受伤似的)剧烈的；尖锐的
[一词多义]——写出下列句中sharp的含义
①Just then，the man dived into his pocket and took out a sharp knife． 锋利的
②One morning，Tom woke up with a sharp pain in his head． 剧烈的
③She came back at the speaker with some sharp questions． 尖锐的
④This month's figures show a sharp drop in unemployment． 急剧的
(1)be sharp with sb． 对某人严厉
(2)sharpen v． (使)变得锋利；(使)提高
sharply adv． 严厉地；急剧地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
⑤The course will help students sharpen(sharp) their writing skills．
⑥女孩看到蛇很害怕，因此她发出了一声尖叫。
The girl was frightened to see the snake，and as a result she let out a sharp cry．
4．apply v．申请；使用；应用；勤奋工作；努力学习；涂；敷
(1)apply (to sb．) for (向某人)申请……
apply...to... 把……应用于……；把……涂在……
apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于
(2)application n． 请求；申请，申请表；应用
applicant n． 申请人
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm writing to apply for the voluntary job，which I think I am suitable for．
②Since last year，he has been applying himself to studying(study) traditional Chinese medical science．
③他在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。
He applied some medicine to Jeff's hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast．
P6
1．give me a smile 对我笑了笑
2．make me a lot more relaxed 使我放松多了
3．pass him a book 递给他一本书
4．look after her sister patiently 耐心地照顾她的妹妹
P7
1．stay fit and healthy 保持健康
2．play the piano 弹钢琴
3．come along 一起来；一起去
P8
1．take part in various after-school activities参加各种各样的课外活动
2．gain more skills 获得更多的技能
3．care about others 关心他人
4．play a part 起作用
5．take up a lot of time 占用很多时间
P9
1．at a time 一次
2．make notes of key information 记下关键信息
一、句子的基本成分
1．主语——句子的主体
主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)或从句等充当。
The peasants are celebrating a good harvest．
农民们正在庆祝大丰收。
Learning English well isn't as hard as you think．
学好英语并不像你想的那么难。
2．谓语——主语的行为
谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语。
We may have different opinions in organising class activities．
对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。
You can keep the book for two weeks．
这本书你可以借两周。
3．宾语——动作的对象
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)和从句等。
The two boys often exchange places in class．
这两个男孩经常在课堂上交换座位。
He decided to take a job in Beijing．
他决定在北京找份工作。
4．表语——主语的特征
表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、过去分词(短语)、介词短语和从句等。
Another suggestion is to practice speaking．
另一个建议是练习说话。
The answer seemed a little strange．
这个答案看上去有些奇怪。
5．定语——名词的修饰语
定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、过去分词(短语)、介词短语和从句等。
We may have various ways to deal with such a situation．
我们可能有各种各样的方式来处理这种情况。
Is there any difference between spoken English and written English
英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同呢？
6．状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语
状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：名词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。
They held a meeting in the hall yesterday．
他们昨天在大厅里开了一个会议。
He was late for school because of the heavy rain．
他由于这场大雨而上学迟到了。
7．补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明
补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语；补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：名词、形容词、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和介词短语等。
Therefore，don't let your children grow up in the greenhouse．
因此，不要让你的孩子在温室里成长。
We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful．
我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。
[即时训练1] 写出下列句子中黑体部分在句中所作的成分
①The teachers should encourage their students to think differently． 谓语
②This book gives you some ideas on how to make friends． 宾语
③Developing a good habit of learning can help you improve your learning effectively． 主语
④Faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help． 状语
⑤The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital． 表语
⑥I'd like to advise you to communicate with your friends in English． 宾语补足语
⑦To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible． 定语
二、句子的基本结构
1．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
此句式中谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词。
The baby is sleeping．
婴儿正在睡觉。
The sun has risen．
太阳已经升起来了。
2．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
此句式中谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。
I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement．
我感谢数学老师对我的表扬和鼓励。
People in many big cities live a fast-paced life．
许多大城市的人们过着快节奏的生活。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语
此句式就是常说的主系表结构，侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样。由于系动词本身不能表达完整的意思，必须跟表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
In my opinion，a person without friends can never be happy．
在我来看，一个没有朋友的人绝不会幸福。
My life will be much richer and more colorful．
我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。
4．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
此句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。
He showed me how to run the machine．
他教我如何操作这台机器。
My mother has bought me a dictionary．
妈妈已经给我买了一本词典。
5．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
此句式中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。
They found the room empty．
他们发现房子里空无一人。
I consider English a very important subject．
我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
6．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语
在很多情况下，作谓语的不及物动词后需跟上状语意思才完整。
In order to keep fit，we should exercise regularly．
为了保持健康，我们应该经常锻炼。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years．
最近十年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
7．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋状语
有些及物动词作谓语时，加上宾语意思仍然不够完整，需要加上状语意思才更完整。
My sister is writing a letter at this moment．
我姐姐此刻正在写信。
I will spend the summer holidays in the countryside．
我将在农村过暑假。
8．there be句型
there be后面的部分为句子的主语，此句型中的be也可以用live，exist，stand，lie等动词替代。句型结构为：there＋存在类动词＋主语。
There are too many cars on the road．
路上的汽车太多了。
There stands an ancient tower on the top of the hill．
在山顶矗立着一座古塔。
[即时训练2] 用所给的句子结构完成句子
①听到没获奖的消息，他的心都沉下来了。(主语＋谓语)
His heart sank when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize．
②作为一名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)
As an outgoing girl，I get along well with my classmates．
③总而言之，乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
In a word，country life is more beneficial to health than city life．
④格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们做一场报告。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)
Mr Green will give us a talk on how to learn English well．
⑤不幸的是，我无法使他改变想法。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Unfortunately，I couldn't make him change his mind．
⑥沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。(主语＋谓语＋状语)
Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy．
⑦两人紧握着彼此的手，他们的眼中含着泪水。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语)
The two held each other's hands tightly with tears in their eyes．
⑧从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。(there be句型)
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea．
将短文中的黑体部分与框中句子基本结构分类相匹配
A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓宾宾 E．主谓宾补 F．主谓状 G．主谓宾状
Setting goals is the first step in achieving them．(1)The tips below may help you．Set goals that can be achieved．Don't push yourself to achieve more than what is possible．Instead，you should set goals based on your abilities and skills．Break big goals down into small ones．When you do so，(2)they will seem easier to reach．You will be proud of yourself when you realise each small goal．(3)This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal．
Write your goals on paper．It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them．(4)You can place the list on your bedside table．Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall．This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused．
After you set a goal，it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it．(5)You may find achieving goals difficult．But (6)you should not give up．Instead，stay positive and confident．(7)You will succeed in the end．
[答案] (1)B (2)C (3)D (4)G (5)E (6)A (7)F
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①hint n．有益的建议
②subscribe v．订阅(报纸或杂志)
③view n．(一次)观看
④former adj．从前的
⑤graduate v．毕业
graduate from 从……毕业
⑥be about to do sth．即将做某事
⑦thank sb．for doing sth．感谢某人做某事
⑧share sth．with sb．与某人分享某物
⑨Orientation Day 迎新日
orientation n．(新工作或学习课程开始前一段时间的)培训，迎新
⑩fantastic adj．极好的，了不起的
opportunity n．机会，时机
keep an open mind 保持开放的心态
take part in 参加
as much as possible 尽可能多地
sound adj．明智的，合理的，正确的
for sure 肯定地
deal with 处理，对付
frightened adj．受惊的，害怕的
sight n．看到，看见
at the sight of 一看到
figure v．认为，以为
go all out 全力以赴，竭尽全力
hold up 举起，抬起
hold one's head up 高昂着头
moment n．时刻
select v．挑选，选择
at first 起初
teammate n．队友
particular n．细节
in particular 尤其，特别
look back on 回顾
rainbow n．彩虹
give sb．a hand 帮助某人
neat adj．好的，令人愉快的
good luck 好运，祝(您)好运
High School Hints①
School Talk
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Published on 10 July 2017
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Interviewer：Hello and welcome to School Talk! Today I'm joined by a former④ student of our school，Lisa Osborne．Lisa graduated⑤ from our school last June and is about to go⑥ to college in New York．Lisa，thank you for coming⑦ to share your suggestions for high school with⑧ us．
Lisa：Hi，everybody．I'm very glad to be back．I feel as if high school was only yesterday！[1]
[1]as if可引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
Interviewer：So what helped when you first started high school
Lisa：Orientation Day⑨ was really helpful．It's a fantastic⑩ opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students．I even made some new friends! Just keep an open mind and take part in as much as possible ．
Interviewer：That's sound advice for sure ．But how did you deal with new challenges，like starting a new course
Lisa：I had a chemistry test right at the end of the first week．I was frightened at the sight of the test paper．But then I figured I'd better just go all out and see what happens．If you fail，no problem—next time you can fail better!
Interviewer：So，hold your head up ，then．But life is not always easy．[2] You must have had some moments when you were disappointed．[3] If so，how did you deal with them？[4]
[2]not always 并不总是，表示部分否定。
[3]must have done为“情态动词＋have done”，表示“一定做过某事”。
[4]if so是省略结构，其完整形式是if it is so。
Lisa：As a member of the school volleyball team，I wasn't selected for the end-of-year competition．At first I was really sad，but later I realized that I joined the team for the love of the sport．It wasn't just about winning．So I kept working hard to support my teammates during our training．There's always a way to be part of something you love[5]，isn't there
[5]you love为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。
Interviewer：Yes，I totally agree．Is there anything else in particular that you'd like to share with us[6]
[6]that you'd like to share with us为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词anything else。
Lisa：Looking back on my high school life，the most important advice I'd give[7] is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou．She said，“Be a rainbow in somebody else's cloud．” So，give your friends a hand when they need it．And this will make you feel good[8]，too．
[7]I'd give是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the most important advice。
[8]make you feel good是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，不带to的不定式短语作宾语补足语。
Interviewer：Neat ！ Well，thanks again for coming to speak to us，Lisa．And good luck with college!
Lisa：Thank you．
高中生活指南
学校访谈
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发表于2017年7月10日
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采访人：大家好，欢迎收看《校园访谈》！本期嘉宾是我校校友莉萨·奥斯本。莉萨今年六月从我校毕业，即将前往纽约上大学。莉萨，感谢你来与我们分享高中生活的一些建议。
莉萨：大家好。非常高兴回到母校。我觉得高中生活就像昨天发生的事一样历历在目！
采访人：那么，刚上高中时，有哪些事对你有所帮助？
莉萨：迎新日真的非常有用。这是新生了解学校和认识同学的绝好机会。我那天还交了一些新朋友呢！只管敞开心扉，尽可能地参与其中。
采访人：这的确是个好建议。不过，你是如何应对全新挑战的呢？比如学习一门新课程？
莉萨：开学第一周才刚结束的时候，我就有一场化学考试。我看到试卷的时候好害怕。不过接着我就觉得，最好还是全力以赴考考看。这次考不好，没关系的——下次你会做得更好！
采访人：也就是说，诀窍就是永不气馁。可是生活并非总是一帆风顺。你肯定也经历过灰心丧气的时刻。在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？
莉萨：我是学校排球队的一员，可年终赛却没有选我参加。开始我非常沮丧，但是后来我意识到，我是因为热爱这项运动才加入球队的，与我(是不是能上场)赢球无关。所以，在后来的训练中我一直努力支持我的队友。对于自己热爱的事情，总是有办法参与其中的，不是吗？
采访人：没错，我完全赞同。你还有没有其他想和大家特别分享的事情呢？
莉萨：回顾高中生活，我能给大家最重要的建议是作家玛雅·安吉罗的一句精彩名言。她说：“要成为别人云朵中的一道彩虹。”所以，在朋友需要帮助时要施以援手，这也会让你觉得很开心。
采访人：太棒了！好的，再次感谢您今天来和大家分享，莉萨。祝你在大学一切顺利！
莉萨：谢谢。(共54张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 1 A new start
主题语境
人与自我之学校生活
(1)have a debate with sb．about/on/over sth．
与某人就某事辩论
under debate 正在辩论/讨论中
a heated debate 激烈的辩论
beyond debate 无可争辩
(2)debate with sb．about/on/over sth． 与某人就某事辩论
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．debate n．& v．讨论，辩论
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①One of the questions _____ debate is whether education is a lifetime cause．
②We must debate about the question ____ the rest members．
③那名作家与那位专家就引起2亿年前大灭绝的原因进行了辩论。
The writer and the professor _______________________________ the reasons caused the massive extinction 200 million years ago．
under
with
had a heated debate about/on/over
(1)argue with sb．about/over sth． 与某人辩论某事
argue for/against sth． 赞成/反对某事
argue sb．into/out of doing sth． 说服某人做/不做某事
argue that... 主张，认为……
(2)argument n． 争论，争辩
beyond argument 无可争辩
2．argue v．争论，争辩
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I managed to argue her ____ taking a walk with me after supper．
②They were in the middle of an ________(argue) but broke off when someone came into the room．
③每个人都有保护环境的责任，这是无可争辩的事实。
_______________________ everyone has the responsibility to protect the environment．
into
argument
It is beyond argument that
[一词多义]——写出下列句中sharp的含义
①Just then，the man dived into his pocket and took out a sharp knife．
______
②One morning，Tom woke up with a sharp pain in his head． ______
③She came back at the speaker with some sharp questions． ______
④This month's figures show a sharp drop in unemployment． ______
3．sharp adj．敏锐的，聪明的；锋利的；急剧的；(常指受伤似的)剧烈的；尖锐的
锋利的
剧烈的
尖锐的
急剧的
(1)be sharp with sb． 对某人严厉
(2)sharpen v． (使)变得锋利；(使)提高
sharply adv． 严厉地；急剧地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
⑤The course will help students _______(sharp) their writing skills．
⑥女孩看到蛇很害怕，因此她发出了一声尖叫。
The girl was frightened to see the snake，and as a result she _________
___________．
sharpen
let out a
sharp cry
(1)apply (to sb．) for (向某人)申请……
apply...to... 把……应用于……；把……涂在……
apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于
(2)application n． 请求；申请，申请表；应用
applicant n． 申请人
4．apply v．申请；使用；应用；勤奋工作；努力学习；涂；敷
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'm writing to apply ______ the voluntary job，which I think I am suitable for．
②Since last year，he has been applying himself to ________(study) traditional Chinese medical science．
③他在杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们收拾残局，扔掉烤焦的面包片。
He _____________________ Jeff's hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast．
for
studying
applied some medicine to
P6
1．_______________ 对我笑了笑
2．_______________________ 使我放松多了
3．______________ 递给他一本书
4．___________________________ 耐心地照顾她的妹妹
give me a smile
make me a lot more relaxed
pass him a book
look after her sister patiently
P7
1．_________________ 保持健康
2．____________ 弹钢琴
3．__________ 一起来；一起去
stay fit and healthy
play the piano
come along
P8
1．__________________________________参加各种各样的课外活动
2．______________ 获得更多的技能
3．_______________ 关心他人
4．_________ 起作用
5．__________________ 占用很多时间
P9
1．_______ 一次
2．_________________________ 记下关键信息
take part in various after school activities
gain more skills
care about others
play a part
take up a lot of time
at a time
make notes of key information
一、句子的基本成分
1．主语——句子的主体
主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)或从句等充当。
The peasants are celebrating a good harvest．
农民们正在庆祝大丰收。
Learning English well isn't as hard as you think．
学好英语并不像你想的那么难。
2．谓语——主语的行为
谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化；系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓语；助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语。
We may have different opinions in organising class activities．
对于组织课堂活动，我们可能有不同的观点。
You can keep the book for two weeks．
这本书你可以借两周。
3．宾语——动作的对象
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)和从句等。
The two boys often exchange places in class．
这两个男孩经常在课堂上交换座位。
He decided to take a job in Beijing．
他决定在北京找份工作。
4．表语——主语的特征
表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、过去分词(短语)、介词短语和从句等。
Another suggestion is to practice speaking．
另一个建议是练习说话。
The answer seemed a little strange．
这个答案看上去有些奇怪。
5．定语——名词的修饰语
定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、过去分词(短语)、介词短语和从句等。
We may have various ways to deal with such a situation．
我们可能有各种各样的方式来处理这种情况。
Is there any difference between spoken English and written English
英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同呢？
6．状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语
状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：名词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。
They held a meeting in the hall yesterday．
他们昨天在大厅里开了一个会议。
He was late for school because of the heavy rain．
他由于这场大雨而上学迟到了。
7．补足语——宾语或主语的补充说明
补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语；补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫作主语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：名词、形容词、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)和介词短语等。
Therefore，don't let your children grow up in the greenhouse．
因此，不要让你的孩子在温室里成长。
We'll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful．
我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。
[即时训练1] 写出下列句子中黑体部分在句中所作的成分
①The teachers should encourage their students to think differently．
____
②This book gives you some ideas on how to make friends． ____
③Developing a good habit of learning can help you improve your learning effectively． ____
④Faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help． ____
谓语
宾语
主语
状语
⑤The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital．
____
⑥I'd like to advise you to communicate with your friends in English．
__________
⑦To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible． ____
表语
宾语补足语
定语
二、句子的基本结构
1．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
此句式中谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词。
The baby is sleeping．
婴儿正在睡觉。
The sun has risen．
太阳已经升起来了。
2．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
此句式中谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。
I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement．
我感谢数学老师对我的表扬和鼓励。
People in many big cities live a fast-paced life．
许多大城市的人们过着快节奏的生活。
3．主语＋系动词＋表语
此句式就是常说的主系表结构，侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样。由于系动词本身不能表达完整的意思，必须跟表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
In my opinion，a person without friends can never be happy．
在我来看，一个没有朋友的人绝不会幸福。
My life will be much richer and more colorful．
我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。
4．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
此句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。
He showed me how to run the machine．
他教我如何操作这台机器。
My mother has bought me a dictionary．
妈妈已经给我买了一本词典。
5．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
此句式中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。
They found the room empty．
他们发现房子里空无一人。
I consider English a very important subject．
我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
6．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语
在很多情况下，作谓语的不及物动词后需跟上状语意思才完整。
In order to keep fit，we should exercise regularly．
为了保持健康，我们应该经常锻炼。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years．
最近十年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
7．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋状语
有些及物动词作谓语时，加上宾语意思仍然不够完整，需要加上状语意思才更完整。
My sister is writing a letter at this moment．
我姐姐此刻正在写信。
I will spend the summer holidays in the countryside．
我将在农村过暑假。
8．there be句型
there be后面的部分为句子的主语，此句型中的be也可以用live，exist，stand，lie等动词替代。句型结构为：there＋存在类动词＋主语。
There are too many cars on the road．
路上的汽车太多了。
There stands an ancient tower on the top of the hill．
在山顶矗立着一座古塔。
[即时训练2] 用所给的句子结构完成句子
①听到没获奖的消息，他的心都沉下来了。(主语＋谓语)
_____________ when he heard the news that he failed to win a prize．
②作为一名外向的女孩，我和同学们相处得很好。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)
As an outgoing girl，______________________________．
③总而言之，乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。(主语＋系动词＋表语)
In a word，___________________________ to health than city life．
His heart sank
I get along well with my classmates
country life is more beneficial
④格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们做一场报告。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)
_______________________ on how to learn English well．
⑤不幸的是，我无法使他改变想法。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Unfortunately，_______________________________．
⑥沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。(主语＋谓语＋状语)
Bathed in the sunshine，___________________________．
Mr Green will give us a talk
I couldn't make him change his mind
we jumped and cheered with joy
⑦两人紧握着彼此的手，他们的眼中含着泪水。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语)
__________________________________ with tears in their eyes．
⑧从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。(there be句型)
Once upon a time ________________________ in a village by the sea．
The two held each other's hands tightly
there lived an old fisherman
将短文中的黑体部分与框中句子基本结构分类相匹配
A．主谓 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓宾宾
E．主谓宾补 F．主谓状 G．主谓宾状
Setting goals is the first step in achieving them．(1)The tips below may help you．Set goals that can be achieved．Don't push yourself to achieve more than what is possible．Instead，you should set goals based on your abilities and skills．Break big goals down into small ones．When you do so，(2)they will seem easier to reach．You will be proud of yourself when you realise each small goal．(3)This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal．
Write your goals on paper．It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them．(4)You can place the list on your bedside table．Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall．This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused．
After you set a goal，it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it．(5)You may find achieving goals difficult．But (6)you should not give up．Instead，stay positive and confident．(7)You will succeed in the end．
[答案] (1)__ (2)__ (3)__ (4)__ (5)__ (6)__ (7)___
B
C
D
G
E
A
F
①hint n．有益的建议
②subscribe v．订阅(报纸或杂志)
③view n．(一次)观看
④former adj．从前的
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑤graduate v．毕业 graduate from 从……毕业
⑥be about to do sth．即将做某事
⑦thank sb．for doing sth．感谢某人做某事
⑧share sth．with sb．与某人分享某物
⑨Orientation Day 迎新日
orientation n．(新工作或学习课程开始前一段时间的)培训，迎新
⑩fantastic adj．极好的，了不起的
opportunity n．机会，时机
keep an open mind 保持开放的心态
take part in 参加
as much as possible 尽可能多地
sound adj．明智的，合理的，正确的
for sure 肯定地
deal with 处理，对付
frightened adj．受惊的，害怕的
sight n．看到，看见
at the sight of 一看到
figure v．认为，以为
go all out 全力以赴，竭尽全力
hold up 举起，抬起
hold one's head up 高昂着头
moment n．时刻
select v．挑选，选择
at first 起初
teammate n．队友
particular n．细节
in particular 尤其，特别
look back on 回顾
rainbow n．彩虹
give sb．a hand 帮助某人
neat adj．好的，令人愉快的
good luck 好运，祝(您)好运
High School Hints①
School Talk
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Published on 10 July 2017
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Interviewer：Hello and welcome to School Talk! Today I'm joined by a former④ student of our school，Lisa Osborne．Lisa graduated⑤ from our school last June and is about to go⑥ to college in New York．Lisa，thank you for coming⑦ to share your suggestions for high school with⑧ us．
Lisa：Hi，everybody．I'm very glad to be back．I feel as if high school was only yesterday！[1]
[1]as if 可引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
Interviewer：So what helped when you first started high school
Lisa：Orientation Day⑨ was really helpful．It's a fantastic⑩ opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students．I even made some new friends! Just keep an open mind and take part in as much as possible ．
Interviewer：That's sound advice for sure ．But how did you deal with new challenges，like starting a new course
Lisa：I had a chemistry test right at the end of the first week．I was frightened at the sight of the test paper．But then I figured I'd better just go all out and see what happens．If you fail，no problem—next time you can fail better!
Interviewer：So，hold your head up ，then．But life is not always easy．[2] You must have had some moments when you were disappointed．[3] If so，how did you deal with them？[4]
[2]not always 并不总是，表示部分否定。
[3]must have done为“情态动词＋have done”，表示“一定做过某事”。
[4]if so是省略结构，其完整形式是if it is so。
Lisa：As a member of the school volleyball team，I wasn't selected for the end-of-year competition．At first I was really sad，but later I realized that I joined the team for the love of the sport．It wasn't just about winning．So I kept working hard to support my teammates during our training．There's always a way to be part of something you love[5]，isn't there
[5]you love为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词something。
Interviewer：Yes，I totally agree．Is there anything else in particular that you'd like to share with us[6]
[6]that you'd like to share with us为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词anything else。
Lisa：Looking back on my high school life，the most important advice I'd give[7] is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou．She said，“Be a rainbow in somebody else's cloud．” So，give your friends a hand when they need it．
And this will make you feel good[8]，too．
[7]I'd give是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the most important advice。
[8]make you feel good是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，不带to的不定式短语作宾语补足语。
Interviewer：Neat ！ Well，thanks again for coming to speak to us，Lisa．And good luck with college!
Lisa：Thank you．
高中生活指南
学校访谈
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发表于2017年7月10日
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采访人：大家好，欢迎收看《校园访谈》！本期嘉宾是我校校友莉萨·奥斯本。莉萨今年六月从我校毕业，即将前往纽约上大学。莉萨，感谢你来与我们分享高中生活的一些建议。
莉萨：大家好。非常高兴回到母校。我觉得高中生活就像昨天发生的事一样历历在目！
采访人：那么，刚上高中时，有哪些事对你有所帮助？
莉萨：迎新日真的非常有用。这是新生了解学校和认识同学的绝好机会。我那天还交了一些新朋友呢！只管敞开心扉，尽可能地参与其中。
采访人：这的确是个好建议。不过，你是如何应对全新挑战的呢？比如学习一门新课程？
莉萨：开学第一周才刚结束的时候，我就有一场化学考试。我看到试卷的时候好害怕。不过接着我就觉得，最好还是全力以赴考考看。这次考不好，没关系的——下次你会做得更好！
采访人：也就是说，诀窍就是永不气馁。可是生活并非总是一帆风顺。你肯定也经历过灰心丧气的时刻。在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？
莉萨：我是学校排球队的一员，可年终赛却没有选我参加。开始我非常沮丧，但是后来我意识到，我是因为热爱这项运动才加入球队的，与我(是不是能上场)赢球无关。所以，在后来的训练中我一直努力支持我的队友。对于自己热爱的事情，总是有办法参与其中的，不是吗？
采访人：没错，我完全赞同。你还有没有其他想和大家特别分享的事情呢？
莉萨：回顾高中生活，我能给大家最重要的建议是作家玛雅·安吉罗的一句精彩名言。她说：“要成为别人云朵中的一道彩虹。”所以，在朋友需要帮助时要施以援手，这也会让你觉得很开心。
采访人：太棒了！好的，再次感谢您今天来和大家分享，莉萨。祝你在大学一切顺利！
莉萨：谢谢。
