Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．come across 偶然发现；偶遇
come about 发生
come up 走近；被提出
come up with 提出；想出
come on 赶快；开始运行
come out 出现；出版
come to 被想出；达到；总数为
when it comes to... 当谈到……时
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning．
②Now he is still busy writing his new book，but I have no idea when it will come out．
③当谈到我最喜欢的季节时，我马上会想到夏天。
When it comes to the season I like best，summer will always occur to me in no time．
2．contact v．& n．联系，联络
get in contact with＝make contact with
与……取得联系
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
lose contact with 与……失去联系
be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①You'd better get in contact with him as soon as possible．
②During the war many people lost contact with their relatives．
③现在我们的大部分同学都是通过社交媒体保持联系的。
Now most of our classmates keep in contact through social media．
3．likely adj．可能的，可能发生的 adv．很可能
be likely to do sth． 很可能做某事
It is likely that... 很可能……
not likely 绝不可能；绝对不会
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①We are likely to make(make) mistakes when we are absent-minded．
②It is not likely that he will come at this time of the day．
③如果一个人面试时迟到，他/她就不可能得到这份工作。
a．If one is late for a job interview，he/she is not likely to get the job．
b．If one is late for a job interview，it is not likely that he/she will get the job．
4．addition n．增加物，添加物；增加，添加
(1)in addition 除此之外，另外
in addition to 除……之外(还)
(2)add v． 加；增加；补充说
add to 增加；增添
add up 把……加起来
add up to 总共是；总计为
add (that)... 补充说/继续说……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①In addition，we should learn how to get along well with others．
②Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money．
③Add up all the money you've received this month，and you will find you can afford a new computer．
④除学习外，我还参与了很多社会活动。
In addition to studies，I got involved in lots of social activities．
P22
1．change the part of speech 改变词性
2．a bit scary 有点儿可怕
3．make great improvement 取得很大进步
4．the other way round 颠倒，相反
5．be made up of 由……组成/构成
6．be referred to as 被称为
7．be short for 是……的简称/缩写
P23
1．come up with 想出，提出
2．as many words as possible 尽可能多的单词
P24
1．in common international use 国际通用
2．be different from 与……不同
3．in several ways 在几个方面
4．not as confusing as it seems 并不像看上去那么难懂
5．stop them having a friendly argument 阻止他们进行友好的辩论
6．a photograph that you take of yourself 自拍照
P25
1．care about others 关心他人
2．if necessary 如果必要的话
英语构词法主要有四种：合成法、派生法、转化法和缩略法。
一、合成法
合成法就是将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法。有的直接写在一起，有的用连词符号“-”连接，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如guidebook，face-to-face，sleeping pill等。
1．合成名词的主要构成法
构成方式 例词
名词＋名词 weekend 周末；suitcase 手提箱
形容词＋名词 greenhouse 温室；gentleman 绅士
动词＋名词 playground 操场；postcard 明信片
动词-ing＋名词 wedding dress婚纱
名词＋动词 sunshine 阳光；daybreak 黎明，破晓
名词＋动词-ing handwriting 书法；sightseeing 观光
副词＋动词 outbreak 爆发；downfall 垮台
其他 passer-by 路人；looker-on 旁观者；well-being 健康；grown-up 成年人；brother-in-law 姐/妹夫
[名师点津] (1)“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词变复数时，一般情况下，主体名词变成相应的复数形式，例如boy student→boy students；但是如果名词man/woman后跟其他名词，则前后两个名词都用复数形式，例如woman scientist→women scientists。
(2)有些复合名词无主体名词，则在最后一个词的词尾加-s或-es，例如grown-up→grown-ups。
2．合成形容词的主要构成法
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词-ed warm-hearted 善良诚恳的；good-tempered 脾气好的
数词＋名词-ed four-legged 四条腿的；five-storied 五层楼的
形容词＋动词-ing good-looking 漂亮的；easy-going 随和的
副词＋动词-ing hard-working 勤劳的；far-reaching 影响深远的
名词＋动词-ing peace-loving 爱好和平的；English-speaking 讲英语的
名词＋过去分词 sunburnt 晒伤的；snow-covered 被雪覆盖的
副词＋过去分词 well known 著名的；widespread 广泛的
形容词＋名词 high-class 高级的；full-time 全职的
数词＋名词 million-pound 百万英镑的；first-class 头等的
名词＋形容词 worldwide 世界各地的；snow-white 雪白的
数词＋名词＋形容词 eight-year-old 八岁的；five-meter-long 五米长的
3．合成动词的主要构成法
构成方式 例词
名词＋动词 sleepwalk 梦游；sunbathe 沐日光浴
副词＋动词 download 下载；undergo 经历
形容词＋动词 whitewash 粉刷；broadcast 广播
此外还有合成副词(everywhere 到处；however 不管怎样；forever 永远)；合成介词(within 在……之内；outside 在……外面)；合成代词(herself 她自己；anything 任何东西)等。
[即时训练1] 写出下列黑体词的含义
①After work，the saleswoman didn't head straight home． 女售货员
②The middle-aged woman is going to visit her mother this afternoon． 中年的
③They decided to have another paper-making factory set up in this town． 造纸的
④There are more newly-built houses in this village than in that one． 新建的
⑤It's a good idea to start a part-time job to make extra money． 业余的
二、派生法
派生法是指给单词加上前缀或后缀构成新的单词的方法。
(一)常见前缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
前缀 例词
un- uncomfortable 不舒服的；unnecessary 没有必要的
dis- discourage使泄气；dishonest不诚实的
in- informal 非正式的；incorrect 不正确的
im- impossible 不可能的；impatient 不耐烦的
il- illegal 不合法的；illogical 不合逻辑的
ir- irregular 不规则的；irresponsible 不负责任的
mis- mislead误导；misunderstand误会
non- non-stop 直达的；non-profit 非营利的
2．表示其他意义的前缀
前缀 含义 例词
en- 使 enrich 使丰富；enlarge 使扩大
re- 再，又 retell 复述；rebuild 重建
inter- 互相 interact 相互作用；international 国际的
co- 共同 co-worker 同事；cooperate 合作
anti- 反对；防止 anti-war 反战的；anti-gas 防毒气的
mid- 在中间 midnight 午夜；mid-autumn 中秋
over- 过于 overload 使超载；overweight 超重的
(二)常见后缀
1．常见名词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-er 人 leader 领袖；founder 奠基者
-or 人 educator 教育者；inventor 发明者
-ian/ant 人 musician音乐家；applicant申请人
-ist 人 scientist 科学家；artist艺术家
-ness 性质、状态 kindness善良；darkness黑暗
-ment 状态、结果 development 发展；achievement 成就
-tion/ -sion 情况、状态 introduction 介绍；discussion 讨论
-th 性质、状态 growth成长；warmth温暖
-y 性质、状态 honesty 诚实；difficulty 困难
2．常见形容词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-ful 充满……的 hopeful 满怀希望的；successful 成功的
-less 没有……的 homeless 无家可归的；endless 无休止的
-al 有……性质的 professional 专业的；natural 自然的
-en 有……性质的 wooden木头的；woolen羊毛的
-able/ ible 可……的 changeable可能变化的；accessible 可到达的
-ive 有……作用的 attractive 吸引人的；impressive 令人赞叹的
-ous 充满……的 dangerous 危险的；humorous 幽默的
-ed ……的 experienced 有经验的；limited 有限的
-ly 每……的 weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的
3．常见动词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-en 使，变得 strengthen 加强；deepen(使)变深
-fy 使……化 beautify美化；simplify使简化
-ize 使…… realize 意识到；memorize 记住
4．常见副词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-ly 以……方式 slowly 缓慢地；totally 完全地
-ward(s) 朝……方向 backward(s) 向后；eastward(s) 向东
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①All of a sudden，my heart was filled with warmth(warm)．
②I'm so thankful(thank) that we had candles on hand that dark night．
③She promised to crack down on illegal(legal) immigration．
④It was such a shock when they announced the winner(win) was Jim．
⑤It's natural that young people are often uncomfortable(comfortable) when they are with their parents．
⑥With the development(develop) of technology，our mobiles are becoming smaller and smaller．
⑦When they heard it，they immediately(immediate) came to my help．
⑧The great society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich(rich) their mind．
三、转化法
转化法是由一种词类转化为另一种或几种词类的构词方法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。
(一)名词用作动词
1．表示身体部位的名词
I'd like to live in a room whose window faces south．
我想居住在窗子朝南的屋子里。
Many of his friends backed his plan．
他的很多朋友支持他的计划。
2．表示职业、身份的名词
She nursed her husband back to health．
她照料丈夫恢复了健康。
Although I am no longer a child，Mother still mothers me．
尽管我已经不是小孩了，但母亲对我依然悉心照料。
3．表示工具、装置的名词
She penned a few words of thanks．
她写了几句致谢的话。
These oranges were boxed and sent off quickly．
这些橘子被装箱，然后迅速地被发走了。
4．物质名词
These trees need to be watered．
这些树需要浇水。
It was raining heavily when we arrived there．
当我们到达那里时正在下大雨。
5．抽象名词
Their words angered me greatly．
他们的话使我非常愤怒。
(二)其他几种转化
1．动词转化为名词
Let's go out for a walk．
我们出去散散步吧。
2．形容词转化为名词
The girl in red looks very beautiful．
那个穿红色衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。
3．形容词转化为动词
She emptied the water out of the vase．
她把水从花瓶里倒了出来。
[即时训练3] 写出下列黑体词的含义
①He decided to shoulder the burden of his family． 担负，承担
②You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us． 设想，想象
③From her eyes，we can see that the little girl is hungering for education． 渴望得到
④Julia sat there，eyeing her mother making a toy for her． 注视
四、缩略法
常见的缩略法
构成方式 例词
首字母 缩略法 IT—Information Technology 信息技术 WTO—World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 UNESCO—United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
截头法 airplane→plane；telephone→phone
去尾法 photograph→photo；laboratory→lab
[即时训练4] 写出下列词汇的缩略词及意思
①examination→exam；考试
②United Nations→UN；联合国
③Very Important Person→VIP；贵宾
④World Health Organization→WHO；世界卫生组织
⑤Do It Yourself→ DIY；自己动手做
根据构词法完成下列短文
For many people，punctuality(准时) is a big issue．Parents are often keen to impress upon their children the 1．importance(important) of being punctual because they see it as an aspect of 2．politeness(polite) and 3．consideration(consider) for others．It is also a quality that every 4．employer(employ) regards as very positive，and those who are usually late may end up being 5．unsuccessful(successful) in their careers as a result．
It may be，however，that less punctual people have chosen a more 6．relaxing(relax) lifestyle than those who always arrive on time．They may find it stressful when so much emphasis is placed on timekeeping．Indeed，if some people get 7．impatient(patient) when they are late for appointments，this may not seem 8．reasonable(reason) for them．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①misadventure n．事故，灾难
adventure n．冒险，冒险经历
②forum n．(因特网上的)论坛，讨论区
③expect to do sth．期待做某事
④favourite n．特别喜爱的东西 adj．最喜爱的
⑤remind v．提醒，使……想起
⑥rather adv．相当，颇
⑦play safe 谨慎行事；避免冒险
⑧have a frog in one's throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
frog n．蛙，青蛙
throat n．喉咙，咽喉
⑨poor adj．可怜的，不幸的
⑩downtown adj．在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的
boot n．靴子
entrance n．大门(口)，入口(处)
at the entrance 在入口处
section n．区域
exit n．出口
actually adv．事实上，实际上
downstairs adv．在楼下
wicked adj．缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的
odd adj．奇特的，古怪的
negative adj．消极的，负面的
positive adj．好的，积极的
standard n．标准
exchange n．(学生、教师等的)互访，交换
an exchange student 一名交换生
spend time (in) doing sth．花费时间做某事
paper n．研究报告，论文
look forward to 期待，盼望
error n．错误，谬误
Misadventures① in English
Last week，our forum② asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English[1]．We didn't expect to get③ so many posts! Here are some of our favourites④，to remind⑤ us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather⑥ different from the English in the outside world！[2]
[1]此处是if引导的宾语从句，作asked的宾语，if意为“是否”。
[2]句中Here are some of our favourites是完全倒装句，remind后用that引导宾语从句，其中we learn in the classroom为省略关系代词的定语从句。
Yancy
People say that the British always play safe⑦ with what they eat[3]．Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie．One day，a different teacher took our class．He told us that Maggie couldn't teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat⑧．Poor⑨ Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog
[3]what they eat是what引导的宾语从句，作介词with的宾语。
Sophie
When I first visited New York，I went to a downtown⑩ shopping centre to buy some winter boots ．At the information desk at the entrance ，I asked a lady where the shoe section was[4]．She said that it was on the first floor．So I went up to the first floor，but couldn't find any shoes．I decided to leave．When I was looking for the exit ，I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor，not the first floor．Why did she give me the wrong information X－(
[4]where the shoe section was为where引导的宾语从句，作asked的宾语。
Julien
I've got an English penfriend，who I finally got to meet in London this summer[5]．He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked ”．But when I met his grandfather，I liked him a lot．I found it very odd ．Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man
[5]who I finally got to meet in London this summer为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词penfriend。
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards ．I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China．I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper ．I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment．When I got the paper back，I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad！” Not bad But there weren't any errors in my paper．∶－(
英语尴尬事
上个星期，我们在论坛里问大家在使用英语时有没有遇到过什么搞笑或者离奇的事情。我们没想到会收到这么多回帖！以下是我们最喜欢的几篇，它们让我们意识到，有些在课堂上学到的英语和在课堂之外使用的英语真是太不一样了！
扬西
都说英国人吃东西很谨慎。才不是呢！我在曼彻斯特参加过一个暑期培训班，我的英语老师叫玛吉。有一天，另外一个老师来给我们代课。他说玛吉老师没法来上课，因为她的喉咙里卡了一只青蛙。可怜的玛吉老师——可是她为什么要吃那么大的青蛙呢？
索菲
第一次去纽约的时候，我去市中心一家购物中心买冬靴。我在入口处问服务台的女士卖鞋的地方在哪里。她告诉我在二楼。于是我上到二楼，但是我并没有找到鞋，所以决定离开。就在我找出口的时候，我发现鞋区是在一楼，不在二楼。她为什么告诉我错误的信息呢？X－(
朱利恩
我有个英国笔友，今年夏天我们终于在伦敦见面了。他以前跟我说他的爷爷“很邪恶”。可我一见到他的爷爷就很喜欢他。我觉得好奇怪。我的朋友为什么用一个贬义词来形容这么好的人呢？
郑旭
英国人的标准一定很高很高。我在中国上的大学和英国的一所大学有一个交换项目，我作为交换生到英国学习。我的第一篇英语论文，从准备到写作花了若干天时间。我知道自己写得很好，也期待着老师积极的评价。可是论文发下来后，我发现老师的评语竟然是“不算差！”。不算差？可是我的论文里什么错误也没有呀。∶－((共57张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 2 Exploring English
主题语境
人与自我之语言学习的规律、方法等
come about 发生
come up 走近；被提出
come up with 提出；想出
come on 赶快；开始运行
come out 出现；出版
come to 被想出；达到；总数为
when it comes to... 当谈到……时
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．come across 偶然发现；偶遇
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I came ______ an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning．
②Now he is still busy writing his new book，but I have no idea when it will come ___．
③当谈到我最喜欢的季节时，我马上会想到夏天。
________________________________，summer will always occur to me in no time．
across
out
When it comes to the season I like best
get in contact with＝make contact with
与……取得联系
keep in contact with 与……保持联系
lose contact with 与……失去联系
be in/out of contact with 与……有/没有联系
2．contact v．& n．联系，联络
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①You'd better get __ contact with him as soon as possible．
②During the war many people lost contact ____ their relatives．
③现在我们的大部分同学都是通过社交媒体保持联系的。
Now most of our classmates _____________ through social media．
in
with
keep in contact
be likely to do sth． 很可能做某事
It is likely that... 很可能……
not likely 绝不可能；绝对不会
3．likely adj．可能的，可能发生的 adv．很可能
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①We are likely ________(make) mistakes when we are absent-minded．
②It is not likely ____ he will come at this time of the day．
③如果一个人面试时迟到，他/她就不可能得到这份工作。
a．If one is late for a job interview，he/she is ___________________．
b．If one is late for a job interview，it _______________ he/she will get the job．
to make
that
not likely to get the job
is not likely that
(1)in addition 除此之外，另外
in addition to 除……之外(还)
(2)add v． 加；增加；补充说
add to 增加；增添
add up 把……加起来
add up to 总共是；总计为
add (that)... 补充说/继续说……
4．addition n．增加物，添加物；增加，添加
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①___ addition，we should learn how to get along well with others．
②Perhaps you think you could easily add __ your happiness with more money．
③Add __ all the money you've received this month，and you will find you can afford a new computer．
④除学习外，我还参与了很多社会活动。
____________________，I got involved in lots of social activities．
In
to
up
In addition to studies
P22
1．_____________________ 改变词性
2．_________ 有点儿可怕
3．______________________ 取得很大进步
4．_________________ 颠倒，相反
5．_____________ 由……组成/构成
6．______________ 被称为
7．__________ 是……的简称/缩写
change the part of speech
a bit scary
make great improvement
the other way round
be made up of
be referred to as
be short for
P23
1．____________ 想出，提出
2．______________________ 尽可能多的单词
P24
1．________________________ 国际通用
2．_______________ 与……不同
3．_____________ 在几个方面
4．_______________________ 并不像看上去那么难懂
5．_______________________________ 阻止他们进行友好的辩论
6．________________________________ 自拍照
come up with
as many words as possible
in common international use
be different from
in several ways
not as confusing as it seems
stop them having a friendly argument
a photograph that you take of yourself
P25
1．_______________ 关心他人
2．___________ 如果必要的话
care about others
if necessary
英语构词法主要有四种：合成法、派生法、转化法和缩略法。
一、合成法
合成法就是将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法。有的直接写在一起，有的用连词符号“-”连接，还有的由分开的两个词构成。如guidebook，face-to-face，sleeping pill等。
1．合成名词的主要构成法
构成方式 例词
名词＋名词 weekend 周末；suitcase 手提箱
形容词＋名词 greenhouse 温室；gentleman 绅士
动词＋名词 playground 操场；postcard 明信片
动词-ing＋名词 wedding dress婚纱
构成方式 例词
名词＋动词 sunshine 阳光；daybreak 黎明，破晓
名词＋动词-ing handwriting 书法；sightseeing 观光
副词＋动词 outbreak 爆发；downfall 垮台
其他 passer-by 路人；looker-on 旁观者；well-being 健康；grown-up 成年人；brother-in-law 姐/妹夫
[名师点津] (1)“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词变复数时，一般情况下，主体名词变成相应的复数形式，例如boy student→boy students；但是如果名词man/woman后跟其他名词，则前后两个名词都用复数形式，例如woman scientist→women scientists。
(2)有些复合名词无主体名词，则在最后一个词的词尾加-s或-es，例如grown-up→grown-ups。
2．合成形容词的主要构成法
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词-ed warm-hearted 善良诚恳的；good-tempered 脾气好的
数词＋名词-ed four-legged 四条腿的；five-storied 五层楼的
形容词＋动词-ing good-looking 漂亮的；easy-going 随和的
构成方式 例词
副词＋动词-ing hard-working 勤劳的；far-reaching 影响深远的
名词＋动词-ing peace-loving 爱好和平的；English-speaking 讲英语的
名词＋过去分词 sunburnt 晒伤的；snow-covered 被雪覆盖的
副词＋过去分词 well known 著名的；widespread 广泛的
构成方式 例词
形容词＋名词 high-class 高级的；full-time 全职的
数词＋名词 million-pound 百万英镑的；first-class 头等的
名词＋形容词 worldwide 世界各地的；snow-white 雪白的
数词＋名词＋形容词 eight-year-old 八岁的；five-meter-long 五米长的
3．合成动词的主要构成法
构成方式 例词
名词＋动词 sleepwalk 梦游；sunbathe 沐日光浴
副词＋动词 download 下载；undergo 经历
形容词＋动词 whitewash 粉刷；broadcast 广播
此外还有合成副词(everywhere 到处；however 不管怎样；forever 永远)；合成介词(within 在……之内；outside 在……外面)；合成代词(herself 她自己；anything 任何东西)等。
[即时训练1] 写出下列黑体词的含义
①After work，the saleswoman didn't head straight home． ________
②The middle-aged woman is going to visit her mother this afternoon．
______
③They decided to have another paper-making factory set up in this town． ______
④There are more newly-built houses in this village than in that one．
______
⑤It's a good idea to start a part-time job to make extra money． ______
女售货员
中年的
造纸的
新建的
业余的
二、派生法
派生法是指给单词加上前缀或后缀构成新的单词的方法。
(一)常见前缀
1．表示否定意义的前缀
前缀 例词
un- uncomfortable 不舒服的；unnecessary 没有必要的
dis- discourage使泄气；dishonest不诚实的
in- informal 非正式的；incorrect 不正确的
前缀 例词
im- impossible 不可能的；impatient 不耐烦的
il- illegal 不合法的；illogical 不合逻辑的
ir- irregular 不规则的；irresponsible 不负责任的
mis- mislead误导；misunderstand误会
non- non-stop 直达的；non-profit 非营利的
2．表示其他意义的前缀
前缀 含义 例词
en- 使 enrich 使丰富；enlarge 使扩大
re- 再，又 retell 复述；rebuild 重建
inter- 互相 interact 相互作用；international 国际的
co- 共同 co-worker 同事；cooperate 合作
anti- 反对；防止 anti-war 反战的；anti-gas 防毒气的
mid- 在中间 midnight 午夜；mid-autumn 中秋
over- 过于 overload 使超载；overweight 超重的
(二)常见后缀
1．常见名词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-er 人 leader 领袖；founder 奠基者
-or 人 educator 教育者；inventor 发明者
-ian/ant 人 musician音乐家；applicant申请人
-ist 人 scientist 科学家；artist艺术家
后缀 含义 例词
-ness 性质、状态 kindness善良；darkness黑暗
-ment 状态、结果 development 发展；achievement 成就
-tion/
-sion 情况、状态 introduction 介绍；discussion 讨论
-th 性质、状态 growth成长；warmth温暖
-y 性质、状态 honesty 诚实；difficulty 困难
2．常见形容词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-ful 充满……的 hopeful 满怀希望的；successful 成功的
-less 没有……的 homeless 无家可归的；endless 无休止的
-al 有……性质的 professional 专业的；natural 自然的
-en 有……性质的 wooden木头的；woolen羊毛的
后缀 含义 例词
-able/ible 可……的 changeable可能变化的；accessible 可到达的
-ive 有……作用的 attractive 吸引人的；impressive 令人赞叹的
-ous 充满……的 dangerous 危险的；humorous 幽默的
-ed ……的 experienced 有经验的；limited 有限的
-ly 每……的 weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的
3．常见动词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-en 使，变得 strengthen 加强；deepen(使)变深
-fy 使……化 beautify美化；simplify使简化
-ize 使…… realize 意识到；memorize 记住
4．常见副词后缀
后缀 含义 例词
-ly 以……方式 slowly 缓慢地；totally 完全地
-ward(s) 朝……方向 backward(s) 向后；eastward(s) 向东
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①All of a sudden，my heart was filled with _______(warm)．
②I'm so ________(thank) that we had candles on hand that dark night．
③She promised to crack down on _______(legal) immigration．
④It was such a shock when they announced the ______(win) was Jim．
⑤It's natural that young people are often _____________(comfortable) when they are with their parents．
warmth
thankful
illegal
winner
uncomfortable
⑥With the ___________(develop) of technology，our mobiles are becoming smaller and smaller．
⑦When they heard it，they __________(immediate) came to my help．
⑧The great society is a place where every child can find knowledge to ______(rich) their mind．
development
immediately
enrich
三、转化法
转化法是由一种词类转化为另一种或几种词类的构词方法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。
(一)名词用作动词
1．表示身体部位的名词
I'd like to live in a room whose window faces south．
我想居住在窗子朝南的屋子里。
Many of his friends backed his plan．
他的很多朋友支持他的计划。
2．表示职业、身份的名词
She nursed her husband back to health．
她照料丈夫恢复了健康。
Although I am no longer a child，Mother still mothers me．
尽管我已经不是小孩了，但母亲对我依然悉心照料。
3．表示工具、装置的名词
She penned a few words of thanks．
她写了几句致谢的话。
These oranges were boxed and sent off quickly．
这些橘子被装箱，然后迅速地被发走了。
4．物质名词
These trees need to be watered．
这些树需要浇水。
It was raining heavily when we arrived there．
当我们到达那里时正在下大雨。
5．抽象名词
Their words angered me greatly．
他们的话使我非常愤怒。
(二)其他几种转化
1．动词转化为名词
Let's go out for a walk．
我们出去散散步吧。
2．形容词转化为名词
The girl in red looks very beautiful．
那个穿红色衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。
3．形容词转化为动词
She emptied the water out of the vase．
她把水从花瓶里倒了出来。
[即时训练3] 写出下列黑体词的含义
①He decided to shoulder the burden of his family． __________
②You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us．
__________
③From her eyes，we can see that the little girl is hungering for education． ________
④Julia sat there，eyeing her mother making a toy for her． ____
担负，承担
设想，想象
渴望得到
注视
四、缩略法
常见的缩略法
构成方式 例词
首字母
缩略法 IT—Information Technology 信息技术
WTO—World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
UNESCO—United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织
截头法 airplane→plane；telephone→phone
去尾法 photograph→photo；laboratory→lab
[即时训练4] 写出下列词汇的缩略词及意思
①examination→____；____
②United Nations→____；______
③Very Important Person→_____；____
④World Health Organization→_____；____________
⑤Do It Yourself→ ______；__________
exam
考试
UN
联合国
VIP
贵宾
WHO
世界卫生组织
DIY
自己动手做
根据构词法完成下列短文
For many people，punctuality(准时) is a big issue．Parents are often keen to impress upon their children the 1．__________(important) of being punctual because they see it as an aspect of 2．_____________
(polite) and 3．_____________(consider) for others．It is also a quality that every 4．________(employ) regards as very positive，and those who are usually late may end up being 5．____________(successful) in their careers as a result．
importance
politeness
consideration
employer
unsuccessful
It may be，however，that less punctual people have chosen a more 6．________(relax) lifestyle than those who always arrive on time．They may find it stressful when so much emphasis is placed on timekeeping．
Indeed，if some people get 7．_________(patient) when they are late for appointments，this may not seem 8．_________(reason) for them．
relaxing
impatient
reasonable
①misadventure n．事故，灾难
adventure n．冒险，冒险经历
②forum n．(因特网上的)论坛，讨论区
③expect to do sth．期待做某事
④favourite n．特别喜爱的东西 adj．最喜爱的
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑤remind v．提醒，使……想起
⑥rather adv．相当，颇
⑦play safe 谨慎行事；避免冒险
⑧have a frog in one's throat (尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
frog n．蛙，青蛙
throat n．喉咙，咽喉
⑨poor adj．可怜的，不幸的
⑩downtown adj．在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的
boot n．靴子
entrance n．大门(口)，入口(处)
at the entrance 在入口处
section n．区域
exit n．出口
actually adv．事实上，实际上
downstairs adv．在楼下
wicked adj．缺德的，邪恶的；很棒的，极好的
odd adj．奇特的，古怪的
negative adj．消极的，负面的
positive adj．好的，积极的
standard n．标准
exchange n．(学生、教师等的)互访，交换
an exchange student 一名交换生
spend time (in) doing sth．花费时间做某事
paper n．研究报告，论文
look forward to 期待，盼望
error n．错误，谬误
Misadventures① in English
Last week，our forum② asked if you had any funny or strange stories about using English[1]．We didn't expect to get③ so many posts! Here are some of our favourites④，to remind⑤ us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather⑥ different from the English in the outside world！[2]
[1]此处是if引导的宾语从句，作asked的宾语，if意为“是否”。
[2]句中Here are some of our favourites是完全倒装句，remind后用that引导宾语从句，其中we learn in the classroom为省略关系代词的定语从句。
Yancy
People say that the British always play safe⑦ with what they eat[3]．Not true! I went to a summer school in Manchester and my English teacher was called Maggie．One day，a different teacher took our class．He told us that Maggie couldn't teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat⑧．Poor⑨ Maggie—but why did she try to eat such a big frog
[3]what they eat是what引导的宾语从句，作介词with的宾语。
Sophie
When I first visited New York，I went to a downtown⑩ shopping centre to buy some winter boots ．At the information desk at the entrance ，I asked a lady where the shoe section was[4]．She said that it was on the first floor．So I went up to the first floor，but couldn't find any shoes．I decided to leave．When I was looking for the exit ，I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor，not the first floor．Why did she give me the wrong information X－(
[4]where the shoe section was为where引导的宾语从句，作asked的宾语。
Julien
I've got an English penfriend，who I finally got to meet in London this summer[5]．He had told me that his grandfather was “really wicked ”．But when I met his grandfather，I liked him a lot．I found it very odd ．Why did my friend use a negative word about such a nice man
[5]who I finally got to meet in London this summer为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词penfriend。
Zheng Xu
The British must have really high standards ．I was part of a student exchange programme between a university in England and my university in China．I spent days preparing and writing my first English paper ．I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting a positive comment．When I got the paper back，I found my teacher had written the comment “Not bad！” Not bad But there weren't any errors in my paper．∶－(
英语尴尬事
上个星期，我们在论坛里问大家在使用英语时有没有遇到过什么搞笑或者离奇的事情。我们没想到会收到这么多回帖！以下是我们最喜欢的几篇，它们让我们意识到，有些在课堂上学到的英语和在课堂之外使用的英语真是太不一样了！
扬西
都说英国人吃东西很谨慎。才不是呢！我在曼彻斯特参加过一个暑期培训班，我的英语老师叫玛吉。有一天，另外一个老师来给我们代课。他说玛吉老师没法来上课，因为她的喉咙里卡了一只青蛙。可怜的玛吉老师——可是她为什么要吃那么大的青蛙呢？
索菲
第一次去纽约的时候，我去市中心一家购物中心买冬靴。我在入口处问服务台的女士卖鞋的地方在哪里。她告诉我在二楼。于是我上到二楼，但是我并没有找到鞋，所以决定离开。就在我找出口的时候，我发现鞋区是在一楼，不在二楼。她为什么告诉我错误的信息呢？X－(
朱利恩
我有个英国笔友，今年夏天我们终于在伦敦见面了。他以前跟我说他的爷爷“很邪恶”。可我一见到他的爷爷就很喜欢他。我觉得好奇怪。我的朋友为什么用一个贬义词来形容这么好的人呢？
郑旭
英国人的标准一定很高很高。我在中国上的大学和英国的一所大学有一个交换项目，我作为交换生到英国学习。我的第一篇英语论文，从准备到写作花了若干天时间。我知道自己写得很好，也期待着老师积极的评价。可是论文发下来后，我发现老师的评语竟然是“不算差！”。不算差？可是我的论文里什么错误也没有呀。∶－(
