Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
(1)inspire v． 鼓舞，鼓励；启发，赋予灵感
inspire sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
(2)inspired adj． 能力卓越的
inspiration n． 灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事物
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Now I will share with you his inspiring(inspire) and powerful success techniques．
②The golden autumn light provided the inspiration(inspire) for the painting．
③在学校，所有的老师都鼓励我们树立信心并且激励我们提高学习成绩。
At school，all the teachers encourage us to build up our confidence and inspire us to get better grades．
2．pour v．灌，注，倒
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
pour in 涌入
pour out 倾诉，倾吐；表露无遗
pour out one's heart/soul 敞开心扉
pour cold water on 向……泼冷水
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Soon after I left school，heavy rain came pouring down．
②If you want to go to Germany for the summer，don't let your family pour cold water on the idea．
③我多么希望有一天能进入你的梦境，向你倾诉我的心里话。
How I wish I could enter your dreamland someday and poured out my heart/soul to you．
3．patience n．耐心
(1)have/lose patience with 对……有/失去耐心
with patience 耐心地
(2)patient adj． 有耐心的；能忍耐的
n． 病人
be patient with sb． 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth． 忍耐某事
(3)impatience n． 不耐烦
impatient adj． 不耐烦的；没有耐心的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out with patience．
②With the teacher patiently(patient) helping him，the boy has made progress steadily．
③他是一个对学生有耐心的老师，因此他赢得了所有学生的尊敬。
He is a teacher who has patience/is patient with his students，so he wins the respect of all the students．(含定语从句的复合句)
4．anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的；渴望的
(1)be anxious for/about... 为……担心(忧虑)
be anxious for 渴望得到
be (too) anxious (for sb．) to do sth．
(非常)渴望(某人)做某事
(2)anxiety n． 焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv． 焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The old woman was waiting for the return of her son anxiously(anxious)．
②If you're worried about your health，share your anxieties(anxiety) with your doctor．
③我渴望自己爬出去，但之前无数次的失败阻止了我再次挣扎。
I was anxious to climb out by myself，but countless previous failures stopped me from struggling again．
5．distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离；远处；冷淡
(1)distance oneself from 使自己与……保持距离；撇清自己与……的关系
(2)in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 从远处；隔一段距离
at a distance of 在……远的地方
keep one's distance from...＝keep...at a distance
与……保持距离
(3)distant adj． 遥远的；冷淡的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Take your time—it's just a short distance from here to the restaurant．
②That lovely summer holiday in Beijing already feels like a distant(distance) memory．
③令我们特别高兴的是，远处的水声吸引了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。
Much to our delight，the sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drew us to the river bank．
P54
1．have a hearing problem 有听力问题
2．allow me to “speak” with my hands 让我用手“说话”
3．ask Lucy for help 求助于露西
4．enjoy sharing moments of my life 喜欢分享我的生活片段
P55
1．love walking and making new friends 喜欢散步和结交新朋友
2．be open to new members 向新成员开放
3．come along and join the fun 快来加入快乐行列
4．keywords of friendship 友谊的关键词
5．work out the meaning of the words 弄清这些单词的含义
6．won't fail to make you smile 一定会让你微笑
7．feel down 感到失落
P56
1．offer help to others 主动帮助别人
2．come up with 想出，提出
P57
1．postpone their trip 推迟他们的旅行
2．agree on a plan 商定一项计划
3．come up 发生，出现
4．make a suggestion 提出建议
5．make a statement 作出声明
6．give an order 发号施令
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、定语从句的基本概述
1．定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．定语从句的分类
(1)限制性定语从句：从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义，从句和主句不用逗号分开。
(2)非限制性定语从句：从句用来补充说明先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思依然完整，从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。
3．关系词的作用
(1)连接主句和从句。
(2)指代先行词。
(3)在从句中充当句子成分。
4．关系词的分类
(1)关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as。
(2)关系副词：when，where，why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代 在从句中所作的成分 是否省略
who 人 主语、宾语 作主语和定语时不能省略。作宾语和表语时可以省略
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人/物 定语
She is the girl who/that lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She wants to find the kid (who/whom) she met yesterday．
她想找到昨天她遇见的那个孩子。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她就是我的班里书法最好的学生。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green．
请递给我那本绿色封皮的书。
The letter (that/which) I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
China is a country that/which has a long history．
中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
[名师点津] 关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[误]The book (that/which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting．
[正]The book (that/which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting．
昨天你借给我的那本书非常有趣。
[即时训练1] 用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
①I have a friend．He likes listening to classical music．
→I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music．
②The film was quite interesting．We saw it last night．
→The film (that/which) we saw last night was quite interesting．
③Mr Chen is a good listener．You can share your secrets with him．
→Mr Chen is a good listener (who/whom/that) you can share your secrets with．
④The man is talking with my father．He is a policeman．
→The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman．
⑤We are collecting money for the old couple．Their house has burnt down in a big fire．
→We are collecting money for the old couple whose house has burnt down in a big fire．
三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况
1．先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时。
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
2．先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰时。
I have read all the books that were borrowed from others．
我已经读了从别人那里借来的所有书。
3．先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时。
This is the very bus that I am waiting for．
这正是我正在等的公交车。
4．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。
5．先行词既指人又指物时。
Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
6．先行词在主句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be．
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
7．关系代词在定语从句中作状语时。
This is the reason that I did it．
这就是我这样做的原因。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①The house that/which stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago．
②All the money that they had collected was given to the poor girl．
③This is the longest and widest street that has been built so far in our town．
④The man is talking about the teachers and things that encouraged him greatly in school．
⑤The river that/which runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasure．
用适当的关系代词完成短文
A real friend is someone 1．who/that walks in when the rest of the world walks out．A real friend is someone 2．whose support we can depend on．A real friend is someone 3．who/that sees our true self，not just the face 4．that/which we show to the world．Yet these days，the modern tools 5．that/which keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship．We may be able to meet many friends online，but these friendships may not be true．Social media(媒体) has come between us and the friends 6．who/whom/that we love．Texting and messaging can't take the place of face-to-face chatting．“Sharing” our experience on social media is not enough to express the values 7．that/which matter most to us．“Liking” our friends' photos online doesn't develop the connection 8．that/which we share．To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①be set in 以……为背景
②check v．检查，审查(此处可引申为“巡逻”)
③go up to 向……走去
④scar n．伤疤
⑤have a chat 聊天
⑥dine v．进餐
⑦chum n．好朋友
⑧chap n．小伙子，家伙
⑨fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款
make one's fortune 发财
⑩drag v．拖，拉
drag...out of...将……从……处拉出来
condition n．情况，境况；条件
distance n．距离，间距
figure v．认为
figure that...认为……
ought to 应该，应当
destiny n．命运，天命
work out 起作用
rather adv．相当
though adv．可是，不过，然而
hear from 收到某人的来信；得到某人的消息
correspond v．通信
proposition n．事业，生意
hustle v．拼命干，努力干
staunch adj．坚定的，忠实可靠的
be worth it 值得
partner n．伙伴，搭档
turn up (意外地或终于)出现
excerpt n．摘录，节录
AFTER TWENTY YEARS
The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in① New York on a cold，dark night．Most people have left work to go home，and this part of the city is now quiet．A policeman who is checking② the area[1] sees a man outside a shop．He goes up to③ the man and finds he has a scar④ on his face．They have a chat⑤ and the man starts to tell his story．
[1]who is checking the area为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词A policeman，who在从句中作主语。
“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man，“I dined⑥ here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady's with Jimmy Wells，my best chum⑦，and the finest chap⑧ in the world．He and I were raised here in New York，just like two brothers，together．I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty．The next morning I was to start for the West[2] to make my fortune⑨．You couldn't have dragged⑩[3] Jimmy out of New York；he thought it was the only place on earth．Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come[4]．We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made[5]，whatever they were going to be[6]．”
[2]was to start for the West为句式be to do sth．，表示“按照计划将要做某事”。
[3]couldn't have dragged为句式couldn't/can't have done sth．，表示“不可能做过某事”。
[4]no matter what our conditions might be为“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……”。
[5]have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made为句式have sth．done，表示“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。
[6]whatever they were going to be为whatever引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman．“Rather a long time between meets，though ，it seems to me．Haven't you heard from your friend since you left？”
“Well，yes，for a time we corresponded ，”said the other．“But after a year or two we lost track of each other．You see，the West is a pretty big proposition ，and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive，for he always was the truest，staunchest old chap in the world．[7]He'll never forget．I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight，and it's worth it if my old partner turns up ．”
(Excerpts from “After Twenty Years” by O．Henry)
[7]if he's alive为if引导的条件状语从句，句中for是并列连词，连接表示原因的并列分句。
二十年后
短篇小说《二十年后》开始于纽约一个寒冷而又黑暗的夜晚。大部分人已经下班回家，城市的这个角落静悄悄的。一名正在该地区巡逻的警察看到一个男人站在商店外面。警察走近男人，发现他的脸上有一道伤疤。他们开始聊天，男人开始讲述自己的故事。
“二十年前的今晚，”男人说，“我和吉米·韦尔斯——我最好的朋友，也是这世上最棒的小伙子——在这儿的‘乔老大’布雷迪餐厅吃饭。我们俩在纽约一起长大，就像亲兄弟一样。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。可你没法把吉米拖出纽约，他觉得地球上只有(纽约)这么一个地方。反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再聚。我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。”
“听起来挺有意思，”警察说，“但我觉得，你们这两次见面间隔太久了。你离开后，没有你朋友的消息吗？”
“嗯，不是的。我们联系过一段时间，”男人说。“但是一两年后，我们彼此失去了联系。你知道，西部很大，我不停地四处奔波、忙东忙西。但是我知道，只要吉米还活着，他就会来这儿和我见面，因为他一直是这世界上最真诚、最可靠的老伙计。他绝对不会忘记我们的约定。今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。”
(节选自欧·亨利的《二十年后》)(共41张PPT)
Period 4
Unit 4 Friends forever
主题语境
人与社会之良好的人际关系与社会交往
(1)inspire v． 鼓舞，鼓励；启发，赋予灵感
inspire sb．to do sth． 激励某人做某事
(2)inspired adj． 能力卓越的
inspiration n． 灵感；鼓舞人心的人或事物
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Now I will share with you his _________(inspire) and powerful success techniques．
②The golden autumn light provided the ___________(inspire) for the painting．
③在学校，所有的老师都鼓励我们树立信心并且激励我们提高学习成绩。
At school，all the teachers encourage us to build up our confidence and __________________________．
inspiring
inspiration
inspire us to get better grades
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
pour in 涌入
pour out 倾诉，倾吐；表露无遗
pour out one's heart/soul 敞开心扉
pour cold water on 向……泼冷水
2．pour v．灌，注，倒
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Soon after I left school，heavy rain came pouring ______．
②If you want to go to Germany for the summer，don't let your family pour cold water __ the idea．
③我多么希望有一天能进入你的梦境，向你倾诉我的心里话。
How I wish I could enter your dreamland someday and _____________________________．
down
on
poured out my
heart/soul to you
(1)have/lose patience with 对……有/失去耐心
with patience 耐心地
(2)patient adj． 有耐心的；能忍耐的
n． 病人
be patient with sb． 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth． 忍耐某事
(3)impatience n． 不耐烦
impatient adj． 不耐烦的；没有耐心的
3．patience n．耐心
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Whenever I made mistakes，the teacher pointed them out ______ patience．
②With the teacher _________(patient) helping him，the boy has made progress steadily．
③他是一个对学生有耐心的老师，因此他赢得了所有学生的尊敬。
He is a teacher ________________________________________，so he wins the respect of all the students．(含定语从句的复合句)
with
patiently
who has patience/is patient with his students
(1)be anxious for/about... 为……担心(忧虑)
be anxious for 渴望得到
be (too) anxious (for sb．) to do sth．(非常)渴望(某人)做某事
(2)anxiety n． 焦虑，忧虑，担心
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv． 焦急地，忧虑地，渴望地
4．anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的；渴望的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The old woman was waiting for the return of her son _________ (anxious)．
②If you're worried about your health，share your _________(anxiety) with your doctor．
③我渴望自己爬出去，但之前无数次的失败阻止了我再次挣扎。
I ______________________________，but countless previous failures stopped me from struggling again．
anxiously
anxieties
was anxious to climb out by myself
(1)distance oneself from 使自己与……保持距离；
撇清自己与……的关系
(2)in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 从远处；隔一段距离
at a distance of 在……远的地方
keep one's distance from...＝keep...at a distance
与……保持距离
(3)distant adj． 遥远的；冷淡的
5．distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系 n．距离；远处；冷淡
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Take your time—it's just __ short distance from here to the restaurant．
②That lovely summer holiday in Beijing already feels like a _______ (distance) memory．
③令我们特别高兴的是，远处的水声吸引了我们的注意，把我们引到了河边。
Much to our delight，____________________________ caught our attention and drew us to the river bank．
a
distant
the sound of water in the distance
P54
1．___________________ 有听力问题
2．________________________________ 让我用手“说话”
3．_______________ 求助于露西
4．___________________________ 喜欢分享我的生活片段
have a hearing problem
allow me to “speak” with my hands
ask Lucy for help
enjoy sharing moments of my life
P55
1．_______________________________ 喜欢散步和结交新朋友
2．_____________________ 向新成员开放
3．_______________________ 快来加入快乐行列
4．____________________ 友谊的关键词
5．____________________________ 弄清这些单词的含义
6．________________________ 一定会让你微笑
7．________ 感到失落
love walking and making new friends
be open to new members
come along and join the fun
keywords of friendship
work out the meaning of the words
won't fail to make you smile
feel down
P56
1．_________________ 主动帮助别人
2．____________ 想出，提出
P57
1．________________ 推迟他们的旅行
2．_____________ 商定一项计划
3．_______ 发生，出现
4．________________ 提出建议
5．_______________ 作出声明
6．___________ 发号施令
offer help to others
come up with
postpone their trip
agree on a plan
come up
make a suggestion
make a statement
give an order
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、定语从句的基本概述
1．定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．定语从句的分类
(1)限制性定语从句：从句在意义上不可缺少，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义，从句和主句不用逗号分开。
(2)非限制性定语从句：从句用来补充说明先行词，如果去掉，主句的意思依然完整，从句和主句往往用逗号隔开。
3．关系词的作用
(1)连接主句和从句。
(2)指代先行词。
(3)在从句中充当句子成分。
4．关系词的分类
(1)关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as。
(2)关系副词：when，where，why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 指代 在从句中所作的成分 是否省略
who 人 主语、宾语 作主语和定语时不能省略。作宾语和表语时可以省略
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人/物 定语
She is the girl who/that lives next door．
她就是住在隔壁的女孩。
She wants to find the kid (who/whom) she met yesterday．
她想找到昨天她遇见的那个孩子。
She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class．
她就是我的班里书法最好的学生。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green．
请递给我那本绿色封皮的书。
The letter (that/which) I received yesterday was from my father．
昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。
China is a country that/which has a long history．
中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
[名师点津] 关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[误]The book (that/which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting．
[正]The book (that/which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting．
昨天你借给我的那本书非常有趣。
[即时训练1] 用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
①I have a friend．He likes listening to classical music．
→______________________________________________________
②The film was quite interesting．We saw it last night．
→_________________________________________________________
I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music．
The film (that/which) we saw last night was quite interesting．
③Mr Chen is a good listener．You can share your secrets with him．
→____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
④The man is talking with my father．He is a policeman．
→_________________________________________________________
⑤We are collecting money for the old couple．Their house has burnt down in a big fire．
→____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mr．Chen is a good listener (who/whom/that) you can share your
secrets with．
The man who/that is talking with my father is a policeman．
We are collecting money for the old couple whose house has burnt
down in a big fire．
三、关系代词只用that不用which的情况
1．先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时。
We should do everything that is useful to the people．
我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
2．先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰时。
I have read all the books that were borrowed from others．
我已经读了从别人那里借来的所有书。
3．先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时。
This is the very bus that I am waiting for．
这正是我正在等的公交车。
4．当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now．
这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。
5．先行词既指人又指物时。
Do you know the persons and things that they are talking about
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
6．先行词在主句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be．
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
7．关系代词在定语从句中作状语时。
This is the reason that I did it．
这就是我这样做的原因。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空
①The house ___________ stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago．
②All the money ____ they had collected was given to the poor girl．
③This is the longest and widest street ____ has been built so far in our town．
④The man is talking about the teachers and things ____ encouraged him greatly in school．
⑤The river ___________ runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasure．
that/which
that
that
that
that/which
用适当的关系代词完成短文
A real friend is someone 1．_________ walks in when the rest of the world walks out．A real friend is someone 2．_____ support we can depend on．A real friend is someone 3．_________ sees our true self，not just the face 4．___________ we show to the world．Yet these days，the modern tools 5．___________ keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship．We may be able to meet many friends
who/that
whose
who/that
that/which
that/which
online，but these friendships may not be true．Social media(媒体) has come between us and the friends 6．_______________ we love．
Texting and messaging can't take the place of face-to-face chatting．
“Sharing” our experience on social media is not enough to express the values 7．___________ matter most to us．“Liking” our friends' photos online doesn't develop the connection 8．___________ we share．To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person．
who/whom/that
that/which
that/which
①be set in 以……为背景
②check v．检查，审查(此处可引申为“巡逻”)
③go up to 向……走去
④scar n．伤疤
⑤have a chat 聊天
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑥dine v．进餐
⑦chum n．好朋友
⑧chap n．小伙子，家伙
⑨fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款
make one's fortune 发财
⑩drag v．拖，拉
drag...out of...将……从……处拉出来
condition n．情况，境况；条件
distance n．距离，间距
figure v．认为
figure that...认为……
ought to 应该，应当
destiny n．命运，天命
work out 起作用
rather adv．相当
though adv．可是，不过，然而
hear from 收到某人的来信；得到某人的消息
correspond v．通信
proposition n．事业，生意
hustle v．拼命干，努力干
staunch adj．坚定的，忠实可靠的
be worth it 值得
partner n．伙伴，搭档
turn up (意外地或终于)出现
excerpt n．摘录，节录
AFTER TWENTY YEARS
The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in① New York on a cold，dark night．Most people have left work to go home，and this part of the city is now quiet．A policeman who is checking② the area[1] sees a man outside a shop．He goes up to③ the man and finds he has a scar④ on his face．They have a chat ⑤ and the man starts to tell his story．
[1]who is checking the area为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词A policeman，who在从句中作主语。
“Twenty years ago tonight，” said the man，“I dined⑥ here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady's with Jimmy Wells，my best chum⑦，and the finest chap⑧ in the world．He and I were raised here in New York，just like two brothers，together．I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty．The next morning I was to start for the West[2] to make my fortune⑨．You couldn't have dragged⑩[3] Jimmy out of New York；he thought it was the only place on earth．Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come[4]．We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made[5]，whatever they were going to be[6]．”
[2]was to start for the West为句式be to do sth．，表示“按照计划将要做某事”。
[3]couldn't have dragged为句式couldn't/can't have done sth．，表示“不可能做过某事”。
[4]no matter what our conditions might be为“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……”。
[5]have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made为句式have sth．done，表示“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。
[6]whatever they were going to be为whatever引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
“It sounds pretty interesting，” said the policeman．“Rather a long time between meets，though ，it seems to me．Haven't you heard from your friend since you left？”
“Well，yes，for a time we corresponded ，”said the other．“But after a year or two we lost track of each other．You see，the West is a pretty big proposition ，and I kept hustling around over it pretty lively．But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive，for he always was the truest，staunchest old chap in the world．[7]He'll never forget．I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight，and it's worth it if my old partner turns up ．”
(Excerpts from “After Twenty Years” by O.Henry)
[7]if he's alive为if引导的条件状语从句，句中for是并列连词，连接表示原因的并列分句。
二十年后
短篇小说《二十年后》开始于纽约一个寒冷而又黑暗的夜晚。大部分人已经下班回家，城市的这个角落静悄悄的。一名正在该地区巡逻的警察看到一个男人站在商店外面。警察走近男人，发现他的脸上有一道伤疤。他们开始聊天，男人开始讲述自己的故事。
“二十年前的今晚，”男人说，“我和吉米·韦尔斯——我最好的朋友，也是这世上最棒的小伙子——在这儿的‘乔老大’布雷迪餐厅吃饭。我们俩在纽约一起长大，就像亲兄弟一样。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天一早我就要去西部赚大钱了。可你没法把吉米拖出纽约，他觉得地球上只有(纽约)这么一个地方。反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再聚。我们当时觉得，不管要做什么，二十年的时间足够自己找到出路、挣到钱。”
“听起来挺有意思，”警察说，“但我觉得，你们这两次见面间隔太久了。你离开后，没有你朋友的消息吗？”
“嗯，不是的。我们联系过一段时间，”男人说。“但是一两年后，我们彼此失去了联系。你知道，西部很大，我不停地四处奔波、忙东忙西。但是我知道，只要吉米还活着，他就会来这儿和我见面，因为他一直是这世界上最真诚、最可靠的老伙计。他绝对不会忘记我们的约定。今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。”
(节选自欧·亨利的《二十年后》)
