【名词】
定义:
名词是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词。它在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语等成分。
作主语:
The dog is very cute. (“dog”是名词,作主语)
作宾语:
I like apples. (“apples”是名词,作宾语)
作定语:
The shoe factory is over there. (“shoe”是名词,作定语修饰“factory”)
温馨提醒:
1. 注意可数名词和不可数名词的区分。比如“water(水)”是不可数名词,不能说“a water”或“waters”;而“apple(苹果)”是可数名词,可以说“an apple”或“apples”。
2. 可数名词复数形式的变化规则要牢记。像“man”的复数是“men”,“child”的复数是“children”,这些是不规则变化,要特别留意。
3. 有些名词在不同的语境中,可能既是可数名词,又是不可数名词。例如“room”,表示“房间”时是可数名词,“a room”;表示“空间”时是不可数名词,“There isn't enough room.”
4. 名词所有格的用法要清晰。比如“Lucy's book”表示“露西的书”,“teachers' office”表示“教师办公室”。
5. 注意一些集合名词,如“family”,既可以表示“家庭”(整体),也可以表示“家庭成员”(个体),要根据语境判断其单复数形式。
练习题:单项选择50题(真题+模拟+日常练习)
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5
)中考复习*语法专练
10 道与初中名词相关的中考真题:
1. (2024·四川凉山·中考真题)—Here is my family ______. We took it last month. —What a happy family!
A. photo B. name C. member
2. (2024·福建·统考中考真题)It is a good ______ to do some reading before you go to bed every day.
A. result B. excuse C. habit
3. (2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题)Of all the ______, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.
A. seasons B. subjects C. colors D. hobbies
4. (2024·天津·中考真题)Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ______ down.
A. body B. voice C. interest D. service
5. (2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)For your own ______, please do not smoke inside the plane.
A. seat B. safety C. score
6. (2024·湖北省武汉·中考真题)—Have you set a ______ on your new phone —Certainly. I have to protect my personal information.
A. date B. lock C. wallpaper D. language
7. (2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题)Put________first and be careful while riding on the road!
A. interest B. money C. knowledge D. safety
8. (2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题)—What’s your secret of writing so well —I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong________on me as a child.
A. difference B. attention C. situation D. influence
9. (2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题)—Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team. —His height gives him a big________.
A. situation B. challenge C. advantage D. achievement
10. (2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful________in China this year.
A. city B. cities C. citys
10 道与初中名词相关的中考模拟:
1. (2024 年·北京模拟)In the library, which has many books, there are all kinds of wonderful and interesting ___ for us to read.
A. reports B. poems C. novels D. diaries
2. (2023 年·上海模拟)The ___ of this new machine is quite not easy.
A. function B. structure C. operation D. system
3. (2024 年·天津模拟)Some shy and quiet ___ who don't have confidence are afraid of giving public speeches.
A. actors B. students C. workers D. people
4. (2023 年·重庆模拟)The ___ from different countries and with different cultural backgrounds have different customs.
A. tourists B. visitors C. guests D. travellers
5. (2024 年·广东深圳模拟)Correct and proper ___ that express our emotions clearly are important for us to show our feelings.
A. Languages B. Words C. Sentences D. Phrases
6. (2023 年·浙江宁波模拟)The ___ of this city, including its buildings and views, has changed a lot over the years.
A. economy B. environment C. population D. look
7. (2024 年·江苏苏州模拟)This is my sister's room. The beautiful and artistic ___ that show different scenes are hers.
A. clocks B. maps C. pictures D. cups
8. (2023 年·山东青岛模拟)Those are the shiny and fashionable ___ bikes which are over there.
A. girls' B. girls C. girl's D. girl
9. The influence of the ___ simple style on modern literature is great.
A. writer's B. writers' C. writer
10. (2023 年·湖南湘潭模拟)The nice and attractive ___ of this song that touches people's hearts makes it popular among people.
A. melody B. lyric C. rhythm D. harmony
30 道与初中名词相关的日常练习题 :
简单等级:
1. We need two ___ of milk.
A. bottle B. bottles C. a bottle
2. There are many ___ in the forest.
A. bird B. birds C. a bird
3. My ___ bike is blue.
A. friend's B. friend C. friends'
4. These ___ are from China.
A. student B. students’ C. students
5. I have five ___.
A. pen B. pens C. a pen
6. The ___ of the car is black.
A. color B. colors C. a color
7. That is ___ dress.
A. Mary B. Mary's C. Marys'
8. Do you like ___
A. orange B. oranges C. an orange
9. There is ___ on the desk.
A. book B. books C. a book
10. My sister has three ___.
A. cat B. cats C. a cat
中等难度:
1. The ___ of these books are very useful.
A. content B. contents C. a content
2. Those are my ___ friends' bags.
A. sister B. sister's C. sisters'
3. We need a lot of ___ to finish this project.
A. information B. informations C. an information
4. There are several ___ in the library.
A. librarian B. librarians C. a librarian
5. The ___ of this country has changed a lot.
A. culture B. cultures C. a culture
6. I have eaten two ___ of bread.
A. loaf B. loaves C. a loaf
7. That is the ___ computer.
A. teacher B. teacher's C. teachers'
8. Do you have enough ___ to solve this problem
A. energy B. energies C. an energy
9. There are different kinds of ___ in the museum.
A. exhibition B. exhibitions C. an exhibition
10. My father reads many ___ every day.
A. newspaper B. a newspaper C. newspapers
困难等级:
1. The proper ________ of your spare time will make your life colorful.
A. date B. use C. name D. cause
2. All in all, ________ with friends is the best medicine for your mental health.
A. communication B. information C. instruction
3. —Kevin,could you pass me some ________ It’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A. rice B. bread C. water D. chicken
4. —What’s your favorite______
—Apples. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. fruit B. drink C. job
5. The development of the ___ new products' selling plans needs careful thought.
A. company B. companies'
C. companies D. company's
6. —How did you fix up the machine,dad
—It’s easy. I just followed the ________.
A. instructions B. inventions C. interviews D. influences
7. Before flying a plane,a ________ must take a lot of training.
A. policeman B. musician C. nurse D. pilot
8. —What goes up,but never comes down
—Your ________,of course.
A. age B. wealth C. weight D. temperature
9. Of all the ________, I love summer best.
A. colours B. subjects C. seasons D. hobbies
10. Mary’s parents are interested in ________, so they often take her to concerts.
A. sports B. music C. science D. movies
答案及解析:
中考真题:
1. 答案:A
解析:“Here is my family photo.”意为“这是我的家庭照片”。“photo”表示“照片”,B 选项“name”是“名字”,C 选项“member”是“成员”,均不符合“took it”(拍摄它)的语境,所以选 A 选项。
2. 答案:C
解析:“It is a good habit to do some reading before you go to bed every day.”表示“每天睡前读书是个好习惯”。A 选项“result”是“结果”,B 选项“excuse”是“借口”,都不符合,C 选项“habit”是“习惯”,符合语境,故选 C。
3. 答案:A
解析:“Of all the seasons, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.”意思是“在所有季节中,我最爱春天因为它是生命的象征”。B 选项“subjects”是“学科”,C 选项“colors”是“颜色”,D 选项“hobbies”是“爱好”,A 选项“seasons”是“季节”,符合句意,故选 A。
4. 答案:B
解析:“Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your voice down.”意思是“在公交车上别大声说话,你应该压低声音”。A 选项“body”是“身体”,C 选项“interest”是“兴趣”,D 选项“service”是“服务”,B 选项“voice”是“声音”,符合语境,故选 B。
5. 答案:B
解析:“For your own safety, please do not smoke inside the plane.”意为“为了你自身的安全,请不要在飞机内吸烟”。A 选项“seat”是“座位”,C 选项“score”是“分数”,B 选项“safety”是“安全”,符合句意,故选 B。
6. 答案:B
解析:“Have you set a lock on your new phone ”意思是“你给你的新手机设置锁了吗?”。A 选项“date”是“日期”,C 选项“wallpaper”是“壁纸”,D 选项“language”是“语言”,B 选项“lock”是“锁”,符合语境,故选 B。
7. 答案:D
解析:“Put safety first and be careful while riding on the road!”意思是“在路上骑车要把安全放在首位并且小心”。A 选项“interest”是“兴趣”,B 选项“money”是“钱”,C 选项“knowledge”是“知识”,D 选项“safety”是“安全”,符合句意,故选 D。
8. 答案:D
解析:“I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong influence on me as a child.”意思是“我读了很多书,鲁迅的作品在我小时候对我有很大的影响”。A 选项“difference”是“差异”,B 选项“attention”是“注意”,C 选项“situation”是“情况”,D 选项“influence”是“影响”,符合语境,故选 D。
9. 答案:C
解析:“His height gives him a big advantage.”意思是“他的身高给了他很大的优势”。A 选项“situation”是“情况”,B 选项“challenge”是“挑战”,C 选项“advantage”是“优势”,D 选项“achievement”是“成就”,C 选项符合句意,故选 C。
10. 答案:B
解析:“one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最......之一”,city 的复数是 cities,故选 B。
中考模拟:
1. 答案:C
解析:在图书馆有各种可供阅读的东西,A 选项“reports”(报告),B 选项“poems”(诗歌),C 选项“novels”(小说),D 选项“diaries”(日记),小说通常更具有吸引力和故事性,更适合在图书馆阅读,故选 C。
2. 答案:C
解析:这台新机器的操作不太容易。A 选项“function”(功能),B 选项“structure”(结构),C 选项“operation”(操作),D 选项“system”(系统),操作更符合语境,故选 C。
3. 答案:B
解析:一些害羞和安静且没有信心的学生害怕公开演讲。A 选项“actors”(演员),C 选项“workers”(工人),D 选项“people”(人们),根据“giving public speeches”(公开演讲),可推测是学生,故选 B。
4. 答案:A
解析:来自不同国家和具有不同文化背景的游客有不同的习俗。A 选项“tourists”(游客),侧重于旅游观光;B 选项“visitors”(访问者、参观者);C 选项“guests”(客人);D 选项“travellers”(旅行者),侧重于旅行的过程。这里指旅游的游客,故选 A。
5. 答案:B
解析:正确和恰当的表达我们情感的词语对我们展示情感很重要。A 选项“Languages”(语言);C 选项“Sentences”(句子);D 选项“Phrases”(短语),B 选项“Words”(词语)更符合表达情感的基本单位,故选 B。
6. 答案:D
解析:这些年来这个城市的外观,包括它的建筑和景色,发生了很大变化。A 选项“economy”(经济);B 选项“environment”(环境);C 选项“population”(人口);D 选项“look”(外观),根据“including its buildings and views”(包括它的建筑和景色)可知是城市的外观,故选 D。
7. 答案:C
解析:这是我姐姐的房间。展示不同场景的漂亮和艺术的图片是她的。A 选项“clocks”(钟表);B 选项“maps”(地图);C 选项“pictures”(图片、图画);D 选项“cups”(杯子),根据“show different scenes”(展示不同场景)可知是图片,故选 C。
8. 答案:A
解析:那些是在那边的闪亮时尚的女孩们的自行车。“girls'”表示“女孩们的”,故选 A。
9. 答案:A
解析:这位作家简单的风格对现代文学的影响很大。“writer's”表示“作家的”,故选 A。
10. 答案:A
解析:这首歌好听且吸引人的旋律触动了人们的心灵,使它在人们中间流行起来。A 选项“melody”(旋律);B 选项“lyric”(歌词);C 选项“rhythm”(节奏);D 选项“harmony”(和声),根据“touches people's hearts”(触动人们的心灵)可知是旋律,故选 A。
日常练习题:
简单等级:
1. 答案:B
解析:two 表示“两个”,后面接名词复数,bottle 的复数是 bottles,故选 B。
2. 答案:B
解析:many 表示“许多”,后面接名词复数,bird 的复数是 birds,故选 B。
3. 答案:A
解析:“我朋友的自行车”,要用名词所有格,friend 是单数,其所有格是 friend's,故选 A。
4. 答案:C
解析:these 表示“这些”,后面接名词复数,student 的复数是 students,故选 C。
5. 答案:B
解析:five 表示“五个”,后面接名词复数,pen 的复数是 pens,故选 B。
6. 答案:A
解析:the 后面接名词,color 表示“颜色”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故选 A。
7. 答案:B
解析:“玛丽的裙子”,要用名词所有格,Mary 的所有格是 Mary's,故选 B。
8. 答案:B
解析:orange 作“橙子”讲时是可数名词,这里没有冠词,要用复数 oranges,故选 B。
9. 答案:C
解析:There is 后面接名词单数或不可数名词,book 是可数名词单数,前面要加不定冠词 a,故选 C。
10. 答案:B
解析:three 表示“三个”,后面接名词复数,cat 的复数是 cats,故选 B。
中等难度:
1. 答案:B
解析:content 表示“内容”,是可数名词,these 表示“这些”,后面接名词复数,故选 B。
2. 答案:C
解析:“我妹妹的朋友们的包”,要用复数名词的所有格 sisters',故选 C。
3. 答案:A
解析:information 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故选 A。
4. 答案:B
解析:several 表示“几个”,后面接名词复数,librarian 的复数是 librarians,故选 B。
5. 答案:A
解析:culture 表示“文化”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故选 A。
6. 答案:B
解析:two 表示“两个”,后面接名词复数,loaf 的复数是 loaves,故选 B。
7. 答案:B
解析:“老师的电脑”,要用名词所有格,teacher 是单数,其所有格是 teacher's,故选 B。
8. 答案:A
解析:energy 是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故选 A。
9. 答案:B
解析:different kinds of 表示“不同种类的”,后面接名词复数,exhibition 的复数是 exhibitions,故选 B。
10. 答案:C
解析:many 表示“许多”,后面接名词复数,newspaper 的复数是 newspapers,故选 C。
困难等级:
1. 答案:B
解析:“The proper use of your spare time will make your life colorful.”意思是“合理利用你的业余时间会让你的生活丰富多彩”。A 选项“date”(日期);C 选项“name”(名字);D 选项“cause”(原因),都不符合句意,B 选项“use”(使用、利用)符合,故选 B。
2. 答案:A
解析:“All in all, communication with friends is the best medicine for your mental health.”意思是“总之,和朋友交流是保持心理健康的最佳良药”。B 选项“information”(信息);C 选项“instruction”(指示、说明),都不符合句意,A 选项“communication”(交流)符合,故选 A。
3. 答案:C
解析:根据“I’m really thirsty.”(我真的很渴。)可知需要的是水,A 选项“rice”(米饭);B 选项“bread”(面包);C 选项“water”(水);D 选项“chicken”(鸡肉),故选 C。
4. 答案:A
解析:根据“Apples.”可知问的是最喜欢的水果,A 选项“fruit”(水果);B 选项“drink”(饮料);C 选项“job”(工作),故选 A。
5. 答案:D
解析:“The development of the company's new products' selling plans needs careful thought.”意思是“公司新产品销售计划的发展需要仔细考虑”。A 选项“company”(公司);B 选项“companies'”(公司们的);C 选项“companies”(公司,复数),都不符合句意,D 选项“company's”(公司的)符合,故选 D。
6. 答案:A
解析:“I just followed the instructions.”意思是“我只是按照说明操作”。A 选项“instructions”(说明、指示);B 选项“inventions”(发明);C 选项“interviews”(采访、面试);D 选项“influences”(影响),故选 A。
7. 答案:D
解析:在飞行前需要大量训练的是飞行员,A 选项“policeman”(警察);B 选项“musician”(音乐家);C 选项“nurse”(护士);D 选项“pilot”(飞行员),故选 D。
8. 答案:A
解析:“What goes up, but never comes down —Your age, of course.”意思是“什么只升不降?——当然是你的年龄”。A 选项“age”(年龄);B 选项“wealth”(财富);C 选项“weight”(体重);D 选项“temperature”(温度),故选 A。
9. 答案:C
解析:“Of all the seasons, I love summer best.”意思是“在所有季节中,我最喜欢夏天”。A 选项“colours”(颜色);B 选项“subjects”(科目);C 选项“seasons”(季节);D 选项“hobbies”(爱好),故选 C。
10. 答案:B
解析:根据“so they often take her to concerts.”(所以他们经常带她去音乐会)可知对音乐感兴趣,A 选项“sports”(运动);B 选项“music”(音乐);C 选项“science”(科学);D 选项“movies”(电影),故选 B。