人教版（2019）必修 第二册 Unit 4 History and traditions 同步学案（含答案）

[单元主题语境]　人与社会——历史和传统
A people without the knowledge of their past history，origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树。
1．It didn't take long before I realised that military strength is of vital importance to a country.
没过多久我就意识到军事力量对一个国家而言至关重要。
2．It was the soldier's bravery and kindness that touched me deeply.
是这个战士的勇气和善良深深地打动了我。
3．Obviously，our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
显然，我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
Part Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．Confucius's philosophy 孔子的哲学
2．the meaning of the individual words单个单词的意思
3．the United Kingdom 联合王国
4．the nearby country of Wales威尔士附近的乡村
5．the same military defence相同的国防
6．the well known Battle of Hastings著名的黑斯廷斯战役
7．an ancient port city 一个古老的港口城市
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长→chiefly adv.主要地； 首要地
2．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
3．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→belongings n．财产，所有物；行李
4．defence n．防御；保卫→defend vt.防护；防卫
5．legal adj.法律的；合法的→legally adv.合法地→illegally adv.违法地；非法地→illegal adj.非法的
6．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
7．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
8．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.完成；达到
9．location n．地方；地点；位置→located adj.位于→locate vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居
10．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate vt.使着迷→fascination n．魅力
11．conquer vt.占领；征服；控制→conqueror n．占领者；征服者
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong to属于
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep your eyes open for留心；留意
6．lead to导致；造成
7．result in导致；造成
8．be referred to as被称为；被认为
9．date back to追溯到……
10．leave behind留下；丢弃
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句型公式： everywhere引导地点状语从句
教材原句：Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
翻译：几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
2．句型公式：the way后接定语从句
教材原句：They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.
翻译：他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
3．句型公式： have sth.done 使某事被别人做
教材原句：They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
翻译：他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。
Ⅰ.文本结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The main idea of the text is the history of the United Kingdom．
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
一、根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．What happened in the 19th century
A．The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
B．The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
C．The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
D．The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
2．Which of the following is different area of the four countries
A．Flag.　　　　　　　B．Currency.
C．Military defence. D．Legal systems.
3．Who conquered England after the well known Battle of Hastings
A．The Romans.
B．The Anglo Saxons.
C．The Normans.
D．The Vikings.
4．What's the author's attitude towards studying the history
A．Neutral. B．Indifferent.
C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
答案　1.C　2.D　3.C　4.C
二、根据课文内容选择最佳选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times
B．which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions
C.which resulted in the full name we have today
D．that belong to the UK
E．who took over at different times throughout history
F．which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain
1．In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK， ．
2．People from the UK are called “British” ， ．
3．The four countries work together in some areas.
4．The UK has a long history to explore， ．
5．Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people ．
答案　1.C　2.F　3.D　4.B　5.E
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
[句式分析]　这是一个主从复合句； which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是前面的句子；定语从句we have today与先行词 the full name之间省略了关系代词that/which；the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland作同位语，解释说明the full name。
[尝试翻译]　后来到了20世纪，爱尔兰南部地区从英国脱离出去，这才有了我们现在所知的英国的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
[句式分析]　本句为简单句。句中known as the Union Jack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词flag，相当于非限制性定语从句which is known as the Union Jack。as well as连接两个并列的谓语动词use和share。
[尝试翻译]　像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
3．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
[句式分析]　本句为一个简单句。had castles built为“have sth.done”结构，意为“使某事被做”， 过去分词在句中作宾语补足语。and连接两个并列谓语had和made。
[尝试翻译]　他们在英格兰到处建立城堡，而且还对法律体系做了更改。
——阅读清障——
①be confused by 对……感到迷惑
②if any如果有什么的话
③a little bit一点儿
④puzzle/?p?zl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
⑤nearby/?nI ?baI/adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
⑥Wales威尔士(英国)
⑦join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
⑧Scotland苏格兰(英国)
⑨add v．增加，增添
⑩break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
result in导致
Northern Ireland北爱尔兰(英国)
shorten vt.缩短
refer to...as...把……称为……
belong to属于
belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
area[熟词生义] n．领域，方面
as well as同(一样也)；和；还
currency/?k?r nsi/n.通货；货币
military/?mIl tri/ adj.军事的；军用的
defence/dI?fens/ n．防御；保卫
for example例如
legal adj.合法的；法律的n.法定权利
surround/s ?ra?nd/vt.围绕；包围
evidence/?evid ns/ n．证据，证明
take over接管，掌管
throughout prep.贯穿，遍及
Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
Anglo Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人
Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
leave behind留下
lots of 许多，和a lot of可换用，后跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词
as well as用作介词，意为还有，和，不但……而且……
location/l ??keI?n/n．地方；地点；位置
Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
conquer /?k??k (r)/vt.占领；征服；控制
battle/?b?tl/n.战役；博斗v.搏斗；奋斗
Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役
enter into成为……的一部分；影响
port/p??t/ n．港口(城市)
date back to(＝date from)上溯至
all the way一直
all over the UK全英国
fascinating/?f?sIneItI?/ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
keep your eyes open(for)留心；留意
be surprised to do sth.很惊奇地做某事
——教材原文——
WHAT'S IN A NAME
[1]The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by① what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them，if any②？[2]Getting to know a little bit③ about British history will help you solve this puzzle④.
[1]这是一个主从复合句。其中what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。
[2]这是一个简单句。其中Getting to know...是动名词短语，作主语。
In the 16th century，the nearby⑤country of Wales⑥ was joined to⑦ the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century，the country Scotland⑧was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added⑨ to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.[3]Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from⑩ the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK” .[4]People from the UK are called “British” ，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
[3]这是一个主从复合句。其中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中，we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the full name。
[4]这是一个主从复合句。其中，which means...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。
[5]The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas .[6]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence .However，they also have some differences.For example21，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal22 systems.They also have their own traditions，like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup！
[5]这是一个主从复合句。其中，that belong to...是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the four countries，that在从句中作主语。
[6]这是一个简单句。其中，过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰the same flag。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history.[7]Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.[8]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded23by evidence24 of four different groups of people who took over25at different times throughout26 history.The first group，the Romans27，came in the first century.They built the first towns and good roads.Next，the Anglo Saxons28 arrived in the fifth century.[9]They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.The Vikings29 came in the eighth century and left behind30 lots of 31 new vocabulary，as well as32 the names of many locations33 across the UK.The last group were the Normans34.They conquered35England after the well known Battle36 of Hastings in the 11th century.[10]They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into37 the English language.
[7]这是一个简单句。Exploring it是动名词作主语，谓语是固定结构：help sb do sth.帮助某人做某事。
[8]这是一个主从复合句。其中，．..everywhere you go in the UK是状语从句，everywhere
意为 “处处，到处” ，引导状语从句。who took over...是who引导的定语从句，修饰four different groups of people，who在从句中作主语。
[9]这是一个主从复合句。其中，the way people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way，that或in which在从句中作方式状语。
[10]这是一个简单句。其中，had castles built all around England是 “have sth.done” 结构，表示 “让某事被做” 。
[11]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.[12]Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.[13]The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port38 city that has a history dating all the way39 back to40 Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK41 .The UK is a fascinating42 mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open43 ，you will be surprised to find44 that you can see both its past and its present.
[11]这是一个简单句。其中，There is so much more to learn...是 “There be＋主语＋to do” 结构，不定式表示 “动作尚未发生” 。
[12]这是一个简单句。其中，Studying the history of the country是动名词短语，作主语。
[13]这是一个主从复合句。其中，as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词city；dating all the way...是现在分词短语，作后置定语。
——译文对释——
名字里有什么？
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——许多人对这些不同的名字的含义感到困惑。如果有区别的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。后来，在18世纪，苏格兰加入创建了大不列颠王国。在19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入创建大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国，形成了我们今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用简称： “联合王国” 或 “英国” 。来自英国的人被称为 “British” ，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。像拥有同样的货币和军事防御一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国国旗。然而，他们也有一些不同之处。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也有自己的传统，比如他们自己的节日和菜肴。他们甚至有自己的足球队，参加像世界杯这样的比赛！
英国有悠久而有趣的历史可以探索，这可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。几乎是无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。第一批人，罗马人，在公元1世纪来到这里。他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，盎格鲁—撒克逊人在5世纪来到了这里。他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人在8世纪来到了这里，留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地进入了英语。
关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。学习这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。有无数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个迷人的历史和现代文化的混合体，既有新的传统，也有古老的传统。如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的
be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
*单句语法填空
①He was studying the map and puzzling about/over the easiest way to cross the mountains.
②When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)
③He was quite puzzled (puzzle) about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help.
*单句写作
④此外，当你遇到一些令你困惑的问题时，尽管向我求助。
Furthermore, when you meet some puzzling questions, don't hesitate to turn to me.
(应用文写作之求助信)
2．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来join A to B/ join A and B 把……和……连接起来
join the party/the army/the club 入党/参军/加入俱乐部
join in (doing) (sth.) 加入(做)某事
join sb.in (doing) sth.加入某人做某事
*单句语法填空
①Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.
②In the evening there was a barbecue，with the whole village joining(join) in the fun.
③She listens but she never joins in．
*单句写作
④我相信大家都愿意和我一起感谢咱们今晚的发言人。
I'm sure you will all wish to join me in thanking our speaker tonight.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
【易混辨析】
join in/join
join in 常用于口语，表示参加别人已经在进行的小型活动，其宾语一般是谈话、竞赛、娱乐、游戏等表示活动的名词。如果表示“与某人一起做某事”，则用join sb.in doing sth.
join 通常指参加某个组织、党派、团体、军队等，并成为其中一员，宾语往往是the army，party，team，club或sb.等
3.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱break down 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
*单句语法填空
①The prisoner broke away from his guards.
②The policeman found that the house had been broken into and a quantity of jewelry stolen.
③He tried to cope with the ever increasing burden of his work, but finally his health broke down．
④It's bad manners to break in while others are speaking.
*单句写作
⑤火灾发生在凌晨3点，当时人们正在放烟花庆祝。
The fire broke out at 3 a．m.when people were celebrating with fireworks.(应用文写作之报道)
4．belong to 属于(1)belong in 适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belongings n. 财产；所有物；亲戚
*单句语法填空
①The house used to belong to him.
②These shoes don't belong in this cupboard；take them out.
③I needed to sort my belongings(belong).
*完成句子
④剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于传统的中国艺术。
Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional art in China.
5．as well as同(一样也)；和；还(1)A as well as B＝not only B but also A 不仅B而且A
as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据前者而定， 即 “就远一致” 。
as well as用于同级比较，表示 “和……一样好”，在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。
(2)as well 表示 “也；又；还” 时，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
may/might as well do sth.　倒不如做某事；不妨做某事
*单句语法填空
①I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
②Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
＝Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me.
③You look as well as you did ten years ago.
*单句写作
④我和我的同班同学都为你的成就感到骄傲。
I as well as my classmates am proud of your achievements.(应用文写作之祝贺信)
6．defence n．防御；保卫(1)in one's defence ＝ in defence of sb.为某人辩护
(2)defend vt.保卫；防守
defend...from/against保护……使不受……，为……辩护
defend oneself自卫
*单句语法填空
①The defence(defend)of the country is everyone's affair.
②He gave his life in defence of his country.
③Their duty is to defend their country against/from foreign enemies attack.
④We defended her from harm.
*完成句子
⑤全国人民要团结起来保护濒危的野生动物不受到伤害。
The whole country should unite to defend/protect the endangered wildlife from being harmed．
7．surround vt.围绕；包围(1)surround...with...用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
(3)surroundings n．环境(指周围的具体的物质环境)
*单句语法填空
①To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.
②After the explosion，the army sealed off the surrounding (surround) area.
*单句写作
③看着全新的环境，我很焦虑、很胆怯。
Looking at the totally new surroundings, I was very anxious and timid.(读后续写之心理描写)
8．evidence n．证据；证明(1)There is some/no evidence that...(没)有证据证明……
in evidence显眼；显而易见
(2)evident adj.明显的；明白的
It's evident that...很明显……
(3)evidently adv.显然；明显地；清楚地
*单句语法填空
①He evidently (evident)hated maths at school，so it's amazing he became an accountant!
②It must be evident (evidence)to all of you that he has made a mistake.
③A new study has found no evidence (evident)that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer.
*单句写作
④很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
It is evident that education of the young is vital to the future of a country.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
9．keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意keep an eye on照看，照管；留心注意
look sb.in the eye(s)直视别人
have an eye for对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的注意
*单句语法填空
①We've asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away.
②A red pencil mark on the fifth page caught his (he) eye.
③A good artist must have an eye for color.
*完成句子
④如果你想使你的旅行愉快又有意义的话，你就必须留心观察。
You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip enjoyable and worthwhile.
10．everywhere引导地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。
*完成句子
①这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
Wherever the film star goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
②你可以去任何你想去的地方。
You can go anywhere you like．
③有志者，事竟成。
Where there is a will，there is a way.
11．have sth.done 让某事被别人做当have 作“使，让”讲时， 含有 have的几个句型：
(1)have sth.done
① 使某事被做，叫或请人把某事做了(主语有意识的行为)
②经历或遭遇某事(主语无意识的行为)
(2)have sb./sth.doing
①让……一直做 (＝ keep/leave sb./sth.doing)
②允许某人做某事 (常和won't, can't等连用)
③有……在做某事
(3)have sb.do sth.
让/使/叫某人做某事(＝make/let sb.do sth.)
当have作 “有” 解讲，其句型为：
have sth.to do 有某事要做
*完成句子
①请找几个同学打扫一下餐厅。
Please have some of the students clean the dininghall.
②这故事让我们笑个不停。
The story had us laughing all the time.
③我将找人修修表。
I'll have my watch repaired．
④我不能跟你们走。我还有很多作业要做。
I can't go with you.I have a lot of homework to do．
[课 时 分 层 作 业(十)]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．From his youth, Nobel had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy (哲学).
2．It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals (个人), corporations, and other social organizations.
3．That weekend, we went to a nearby (附近的) neighborhood and gave some gifts away to the people there.
4．Are you sure these documents (文件) belong (应在)together
5．In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence (防御) and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.
6．As citizens of our country, it is our duty and responsibility to stand up for the legal (合法的) rights of our own in the election.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It was a fascinating (fascinate) painting, with clever use of color and light.
2．As your friend, I know how hard you have been studying Chinese and I am proud of your achievement (achieve).
3．It's important to remember that sharing your location (locate) with people you've never met in real life is risky.
4．It has now become evident (evidence) to us that a mistake has been made.
5．Her friends came to help her when the war broke out．
6．To explain the puzzling (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.
7．They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.
8．A good book could absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings (surround).
Ⅲ.选词填空
belong to；be surrounded by；as well as；break away from；in charge of；keep one's eyes open on；join...to
1．He is an honest man.He never takes anything that doesn't belong to him.
2．When Lincoln was elected President，the southern states broke away from the union and formed a new nation.
3．I am puzzled that the water in the lake is not clear although it is surrounded by green trees.
4．Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.
5．I can't promise you a discount.You see，I am not in charge of the sales.
6．When travelling in a foreign country, you had better keep your eyes open on the local history and tradition.
7．The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．从你回答问题的方式就知道你是一个优秀的学生。(way作先行词)
You are an excellent student from the way you answer questions．
2．不管你去哪里，都不要随处留下任何垃圾。(wherever)
Wherever you go，you should not leave behind any trash here and there.
3．很显然，他从一开始就被骗了。(evident)
It is evident that he was fooled from the beginning.
4．我要他在公园门口等我。(have sb.do)
I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
According to the British history，Wales is the first country to be joined 1.to the Kingdom of England，which happened in the 16th century.Later，Scotland and Ireland 2.were added(add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland 3.broke(break) away from the UK，4.which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，whose 5.shortened(shorten) name is“the United Kingdom” or “the UK” .The four countries of the UK use 6.the same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However，they also have some 7.differences(different)，like different legal systems.The UK's long and interesting history can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much more 8.enjoyable(enjoy).The capital city London is a great place 9.to start(start)，as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10.dating(date) all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Spring is a good time for kite flying, a popular activity in China.If you go to a park on a windy day in spring, you'll see colorful kites flying high up in the sky.They have all kinds of shapes like dragons, swallows and peaches.Dragons and swallows mean good luck and peaches bring you a long life.
Classic kites use bamboo, rattan or strong wood for the spars (骨架) and paper or silk for the sails; and then they are tied on strings.People often paint pretty pictures on kites.They seem like beautiful paintings flying in the blue sky.
The city of Weifang in Shandong is the home of kites.The city holds an international kite festival in April every year.There are competitions for kite flying skills and new styles of kites.The most famous is the competition for the “Kite King”．Thousands of kite fans from more than 30 countries take part in the competitions，or just enjoy this colorful event.
The kite was invented by Chinese people over 2，000 years ago.According to historical records, kites were first used by soldiers to send news to their friends.In the Tang Dynasty, flying kites became a popular game for everyone.Since it spread to the West in the 13th century, the kite has had a great influence on Western life.
In 1752, the lightning rod (避雷针) was invented with the help of a kite.Modern aircraft(飞行器) came from kites, too.At the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D．C. a board reads, “The earliest man made aircraft were the kites and missiles of ancient China.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的风筝。
1．What can be used to make the sails of kites
A．Strong wood.　　　 B．Paper or silk.
C．Bamboo or rattan. D．Strings.
B　[细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“paper or silk for the sails”可知，风筝面可以用纸或者丝绸制作。故选B。]
2．What can we know about the international kite festival in Weifang
A．It is held in April every two years.
B．It dates back to over 2，000 years ago.
C．It includes various competitions.
D．It is organized for skilled kite lovers.
C　[细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“There are competitions for kite flying skills and new styles of kites.”可知，潍坊国际风筝节有各种各样的比赛。故选C。]
3．Why did Chinese soldiers use kites
A．To train their flying skills.
B．To send news.
C．To spread Chinese culture.
D．To invent man made aircraft.
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“According to historical records, kites were first used by soldiers to send news to their friends.”可知，中国士兵使用风筝向朋友发送消息。故选B。]
4．In which part of a newspaper can we find this text
A．Music.　　　　 B．Lifestyle.
C．Business. D．Culture.
D　[文章出处题。文章主要介绍了中国的风筝，而风筝是中国传统文化的一部分，所以我们可以在报纸的文化板块看到这篇文章。故选D。]
【高频词汇】
1．tie v．将……系在……上；系　2.competition n．竞赛；竞争　3.take part in 参加　4.invent v．发明　5.spread v．传播；展开；(使)蔓延　6.have an influence on...对……有影响　7.date back to追溯到　8.various adj.各种各样的
B
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love sunflower seeds(瓜子) as a snack so much.“I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth.I believe that that's from cracking the seeds，” he said.
I had never noticed the habit, but once he mentioned it, I suddenly became more aware.I realized that whenever I'm watching TV or typing up a report, I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
When we were young, the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year.Then, we all lived close to one another, usually in a small city, and sometimes even neighbors would go door to door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every family was making.
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out, complete with a fancy tablecloth, ready made dumpling fillings, and dishes full of candy, fruits and sunflower seeds.Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later, while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast.I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.
I don't think it's right to criticize(批评) one's choice of food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem.
It's not only in China.When I went abroad, I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food.In Denmark, they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner, no matter how much it ruins your breath.They think it's delicious, and it's connected with their certain culture.I think it's a wonderful tradition.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者主要通过解释中国人为什么喜欢嗑瓜子来说明饮食习惯与特定的文化有关。
5．Why can't the British friend understand Chinese people's love of eating sunflower seeds
A．Because the seeds are too hard to crack.
B．Because he thinks they are harmful to teeth.
C．Because he doesn't think the seeds are worth eating.
D．Because he doesn't think the seeds are good.
C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds, and, to him, it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.”可知，作者的英国朋友认为为了得到一颗小小的瓜子而做这么多工作是没有必要的，也就是说他觉得瓜子不值得吃。故选C。]
6．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year
A．All the family get together for it.
B．Children can eat delicious food on that day.
C．The traditions of celebrating it have disappeared.
D．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
D　[推理判断题。第四段提到在作者小时候，每到除夕夜，客厅的桌子上会摆放很多美食，其中就有瓜子，小孩可以在年夜饭前吃，作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子。由此可知，作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关，故选D。]
7．What's the writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread
A．Uncaring. B．Negative.
C．Understandable. D．Doubtful.
C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“I think it's a wonderful tradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包的方式是一项美妙的传统，由此可知作者认为其可以理解，故选C。]
8．What idea does the writer want to express in this passage
A．Eating habits come from a certain culture.
B．It is good to form healthy eating habits.
C．Changing your eating habits will change your life.
D．One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“I don't think it's right to criticize (批评) one's choice of food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem.”以及最后一段中的“it's connected with their certain culture”可知，作者认为不应该批评一个人对食物的选择或者饮食习惯，这与人们的文化相关，这是作者想在这篇文章中表达的观点，故选A。]
【高频词汇】
1．aware adj.知道；意识到　2.get together聚会　3.lay out摆开；铺开　4.all sorts of各种各样的　5.be worth doing值得做
长难句
原句　I don't think it's right to criticize(批评) one's choice of food or eating habits, no matter how strange they may seem.
分析　本句为主从复合句。think后跟省略了that的宾语从句；从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to criticize one's choice...；no matter how引导让步状语从句。
译文　我认为批评一个人对食物的选择或饮食习惯是不对的，不管它们看起来多么奇怪。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I'd never been to the Day of the Dead before.As my dad and I looked around for seats, I 1 Marco, my best friend, hurrying toward us.“Hi, Mr.O'kane，” he 2 my dad.Then he turned to me and said, “Nate! Will you help me？”
“Whatever you need，” I said.
Marco threw me parts of a 3 ：Mexican sandals(凉鞋), a straw hat, a cane(手杖), a gray wig, and an “old man” mask(面具).“My cousin couldn't 4 ！” Marco's voice rang with worry.
“It's part of a traditional dance，” he said，“and we should wear the costume.”
“You expect me to dance ” I 5 ．“I don't want to dance！”
Marco smiled.“It'll be fun.And hurry! We're going to be 6 ．”
“We're going to do a lot of stomping(跺脚).Slow at first.Keep one hand 7 on your back, like an old man with an ache，” added Marco.
The speakers 8 ：“Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for The Dance of the Little Old Men！”
“Be quick，” Marco 9 to me to follow his lead.
We all began stomping slowly to music.I could only see 10 the small holes of the mask.I continued to stomp, trying to 11 what to do.I leaned on my cane and kept a hand low on my back.After a few minutes of dancing like that, my back 12 started to ache.
The music 13 ．And we stomped quickly.Performing with Mexican sandals was 14 and inconvenient.People laughed as we hopped and kicked, but after a moment the laughter turned into cheers.
Marco gave me a thumbs up.As the audience clapped for our group, I said to him happily, “You were right.That was 15 ．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和好朋友Marco在墨西哥亡灵节上一起跳老头舞的有趣经历。
1．A.watched　　　　　 B．noticed
C．monitored D．surveyed
B　[此处指当“我”和“我”的爸爸四处寻找座位时，“我”注意到“我”最好的朋友Marco匆忙向“我们”走来。 故选B。]
2．A.satisfied B．ignored
C．contacted D．greeted
D　[根据空前的“Hi, Mr.O'kane”可知，Marco向“我”爸爸打招呼。故选D。]
3．A.suit B．chain
C．decoration D．costume
D　[根据空后的“Mexican sandals, a straw hat, a cane, a gray wig, and an ‘old man’ mask”以及下文中的“we should wear the costume”可知，Marco扔给“我”一套戏装。故选D。]
4．A.make it B．get it
C．focus on D．go through
A　[上文提到Marco扔给“我”一套戏装，这说明他表弟来不了了。make it意为“能够出席(或到场)”。故选A。]
5．A.chatted B．despaired
C．hesitated D．replied
C　[根据空后的“I don't want to dance！”可知，“我”不想跳舞，所以“我”犹豫了。故选C。]
6．A.nervous B．late
C．happy D．nice
B　[空前的“And hurry！”表明“我们”要迟到了。故选B。]
7．A.up B．high
C．low D．down
C　[根据第10段中的“kept a hand low on my back”可知选C。]
8．A.shouted B．announced
C．defined D．issued
B　[根据冒号后面的内容“Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for The Dance of the Little Old Men！”可知此处指扬声器宣布。故选B。]
9．A.signaled B．pointed
C．moved D．complained
A　[此处指Marco示意“我”跟着他学。 故选A。]
10．A.through B．in
C．over D．under
A　[此处指“我”只能透过面具上的小孔看(外面)。故选A。]
11．A.bring about B．carry on
C．figure out D．put out
C　[上文提到Marco示意“我”跟着他学，所以此处指“我”努力弄明白要做什么。故选C。]
12．A.extremely B．possibly
C．truly D．finally
C　[第7段提到“like an old man with an ache”可知此处指像那样跳了几分钟之后，“我”的后背真的开始疼了。 故选C。]
13．A.disappeared B．sped up
C．started D．faded away
B　[根据空后的“And we stomped quickly.”可知“我们”跟着音乐快速地跺脚，这说明音乐的节奏加快了。 故选B。]
14．A.typical B．fascinating
C．tough D．flexible
C　[根据空后的“and inconvenient”可知穿着墨西哥凉鞋表演很艰难、很不方便。 故选C。]
15．A.important B．creative
C．beneficial D．fun
D　[根据第6段中Marco说的“It'll be fun.”可知此处指“我”很高兴地对Marco说他是对的，那很有趣。故选D。]
【高频词汇】
1．monitor v．监视　2.ignore v．忽视　3.make it
能够出席(或到场)；获得成功；渡过难关
4．go through经历；用完；仔细察看　5.complain v．抱怨　6.bring about引起　7.carry on继续做　8.figure out弄明白　9.tough adj.艰难的
Part Ⅱ　Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ.语法图解
Ⅱ.自主领悟
观察下列句子并归纳：
1．(教材原句)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
2．(教材原句)They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
3．(教材原句)Most people just use the shortened name：“the Unite Kingdom” or “ the UK” .
4．(教材原句)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
5．(教材原句)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
6．(教材原句)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
归纳：
1．句1、3、5中加黑词汇在句中作定语。句3中作前置定语，句1、5中作后置定语。
2．句2、4、6中加黑词汇在句中作宾语补足语。
Ⅲ.要点精析
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的意义：过去分词作定语，强调被动或者完成的意义。
Things seen are mightier than things heard.
(谚语)眼见为实，耳听为虚。(过去分词表完成)
Her daughter，brought up by me, has begun to work now.
她的由我带大的那个女儿现在已经参加工作了。(过去分词表被动)
2．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的名词的前面。过去分词短语作定语时，需放在所修饰的名词之后，此时，它相当于定语从句。
He told me that this was the wounded soldier.
他告诉我这就是那个受伤的战士。
Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled with books(＝which is filled with books).
靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。
(2)当被修饰的词是复合不定代词something，nothing，somebody等或指示代词those，these等时，作定语的过去分词需后置。
There has been nothing changed since I left London two years ago.
自从我两年前离开伦敦后，那儿一直没有什么变化。
Is there anything unsolved
还有没解决的问题吗？
(3)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。
well behaved children 有礼貌的孩子
newly arrived visitors 刚来的参观者
3．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
区别 典例
doing 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系， 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water 沸水 the developing country发展中 国家 the falling leaves正在飘落的树叶
done 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在已经完成 the boiled water 开水 the developed country发达国家the fallen leaves 落叶
【口诀助记】
过去分词作定语速记口诀
过去分词作定语，意义用法容易记。
及物动词用过分，表示被动与完成；
不及物用过分时，不表被动表完成；
单个过分名词前，过分短语名词后，
若是修饰不定代，只能放在代词后；
given, left 和 concerned，作定语时要后置。
[即学即练1]
*单句语法填空
①The beautiful long branches covered(cover) with pink coloured buds make fantastic decorations.
②The witnesses questioned(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
③The wind swept the fallen(fall) leaves.
④The building built(build) last year is our classroom building.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
英语中过去分词作宾语补足语，通常用于以下几种情况：
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等后面
keep/leave＋n./pron.＋p.p
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语)少说多看。
2．表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构有三种含义：
(1)表示“让某事被(别人)做”。
I have my hair cut once a month.
我一个月理一次发。
They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。
(2)表示“遇到某种不幸；受到打击；蒙受……损失；受……影响”。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时车被撬开了。
He had his hat blown off on his way home.
在回家的路上他的帽子被风吹走了。
(3)表示“完成某事(自己也可能参与)”。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.
我已经把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.
他今年已经存了一千元了。
3．“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构中，过去分词的动作必须是表示结果含义的。
He is trying to make himself understood.
他在努力把自己的意思说清楚。
4．表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind.
她觉得心里轻松多了。
The next morning people found the world outside completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现外面的世界全变了。
5．过去分词用在“with/without＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With many brightly coloured flowers planted around the building，her house looks like a beautiful garden.
她的房子周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，看上去就像一个漂亮的花园。
With everything well arranged，he left the office.
一切安排妥当后，他离开了办公室。
6．表“希望，要求，命令”的动词：want，wish，expect，would like，order＋(to be)done
He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。
The students wish the TV serial plays continued.
学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。
7．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别
过去分词 作宾补 宾语和动词之间为被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作
现在分词 作宾补 宾语和动词之间为主动关系，其动作与谓语动作同时发生
不定式 作宾补 可表示一个完成的动作或者表示一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作
I saw him opening the window.
我看到他在开窗户。(强调正在开窗户)
I saw the window opened.
我看见窗户被打开了。
I saw him open the window.
我看见他打开了窗户。(省略to的不定式作宾补，表示看到了开窗户的全过程)
【温馨提示】
see，hear，watch，notice等动词后既可以加v. ing，也可以用do(不带to的不定式)，还可以跟done，但三者之间有区别：用v . ing表示动作正在发生，即发生的过程还没有结束；用do强调动作发生的全过程，即动作全过程结束了，用done表示宾语与宾补之间是被动关系。
①I noticed her come into the classroom.
我看到她进了教室。
②I noticed her coming into the classroom.
我看她正在走进教室。
③I noticed her taken out of the classroom.
我看到她被带出了教室。
【口诀助记】
一感二听三使役六看，
后接分词作宾补常见，
主动doing被动done，
还有with结构要记上。
(1“感觉”：feel; 2“听”：hear, listen to; 3“使役”：have, leave, keep; 6“看”：see, watch, look at, observe, find, notice，with＋宾语＋宾补)
[即学即练2]
*单句语法填空
①He felt himself seized(seize)by a strong arm from behind.
②When I came in, I found him lying (lie)in bed.
③Would you like it wrapped (wrap)in brown paper, sir, or in white
④I had my watch stolen(steal) in the street yesterday.
⑤With everything well arranged (arrange), he left the office.
[课 时 分 层 作 业(十一)]
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It was so noisy in the room that he realized it was impossible to make himself heard (hear).
2．At that moment，I saw him crossing (cross) the road.
3．I was glad to see the children well taken (take) care of.
4．I was surprised to find my hometown changed (change) so much.
5．He got his tooth pulled (pull)out yesterday.
6．I got the story written (write) in French.Mr White did it.
7．While walking along the street，I heard my name called (call).
8．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost (lose) for words.
9．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep him reminded (remind) of his own dreams.
10．After having her luggage checked (check), she boarded the plane.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．A thief stole the goat tied to the tree.
→A thief stole the goat which was tied to the tree.
2．Father beat the son who was lost in the online games.
→Father beat the son lost in the online games.
3．This project，which was designed by the Chinese engineers，was constructed in only two years.
→This project，designed by the Chinese engineers，was constructed in only two years.
4．The castle，which was burnt down in the sixteenth century，was never rebuilt.
→The castle，burnt down in the sixteenth century，was never rebuilt.
5．The meeting held yesterday is very important.
→The meeting which/that was held yesterday is very important.
Ⅲ.李华和同学刘青谈论他的英国之行，请根据语境和提示完成对话
Liu Qing：Welcome back.1.Did you have a good trip(旅行快乐吗)
Li Hua：Wonderful.Everything in England 2.made me excited(使我兴奋).There were lots of tourist attractions，such as Big Ben and Tower of London.
Liu Qing：What else kept you impressed
Li Hua：On my arrival, 3.I found myself lost in the way(我发现自己迷路了).What's more，I couldn't make myself understood.
Liu Qing：What did you do then
Li Hua：When I was at a loss，4.I noticed a Chinese crossing the street(注意到一个中国人过马路).So，I turned to her for help.
Liu Qing：You are so lucky.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
New England is a northeastern area of the United States, including Maine，New Hampshire，Vermont，Massachusetts，Rhode Island and Connecticut.The six states were among the first colonies(殖民地) in America.The colonies were conquered by England，and this is why the area became known as New England.After the American Revolutionary War, the colonies gradually became states.
Many things are similar in the six New England states.For example，there are many stone walls, fishing villages and forests in these states.The houses and buildings are similar，too.People cut down trees from the forests to make space for their farms and villages.
They then used wood from the trees and stones from the fields to build houses，schools, and churches.Even today, most of the houses in New England are made of wood.
There are big cities in New England，but there are also small cities and farms，especially in the northern part.There is much industry and business and New England is one of the most populous (人口稠密的) parts of the United States.It has many busy seaports on its long coast.There are always many tourists who enjoy the beautiful lakes，beaches，and mountains and who visit the historical places.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新英格兰的历史和现状。
1．Where is New England
A．In northern Britain.
B．In northern America.
C．In eastern America.
D．In northeastern America.
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“New England is a northeastern area of the United States”可知新英格兰位于美国的东北部。故选D。]
2．Why are the six states called New England
A．They are now ruled by England.
B．They were once colonies of England.
C．There were people from England.
D．The states were close to England.
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The six states were among the first colonies...The colonies were conquered by England，and this is why the area became known as New England.”可知，这六个州被称为新英格兰是因为它们曾是英格兰的殖民地，故选B。]
3．What did the people use to build their houses
A．Stones and steel.
B．Plastic and wood.
C．Stones and wood.
D．Stones and bamboo.
C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They then used wood from the trees and stones from the fields to build houses”可知，当时新英格兰的人们用木材和石头建造房屋，故选C。]
4．What are there in the northern part of New England
A．Beautiful lakes.
B．Long coasts.
C．High mountains.
D．Many small cities and farms.
D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“but there are also small cities and farms，especially in the northern part”可知，新英格兰的北部有很多小城市和农场，故选D。]
【高频词汇】　1.gradually adv.逐渐地　2.cut down砍倒　3.make space for为……腾地方　4.especially adv.尤其；特别　5.historical adj.(有关)历史的
B
The Chinese mooncake is the representative food of the Mid Autumn Festival.It is a kind of round cookie with various fillings inside and different artistic patterns on the surface.
In Chinese culture, roundness represents completeness and togetherness.The mooncake is not just a food.It's a profound cultural tradition deep in Chinese people's hearts, symbolizing a spiritual feeling.At the Mid Autumn Festival, people eat mooncakes together with family, and present mooncakes to relatives or friends to express love and best wishes.
As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in what today are Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in east China, there was a kind of “Taishi cake” thick at the center and thin at the edge, which was the origin of the mooncake.In the Han Dynasty, sesame(芝麻) and walnuts were introduced into China, and round cookies filled with these foods appeared.In the Southern Song Dynasty, the name “mooncake” was used for the first time.In the Northern Song Dynasty, mooncakes got popular in the royal palace.It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the custom of eating these cookies during the Mid Autumn Festival became popular.
Mooncakes vary according to different regional styles and tastes.Cantonese style mooncakes are known for their sweetness.Suzhou style mooncakes have existed for more than a thousand years.They have soft layers of dough(面团) and lots of sugar and lard, making them available in sweet or salty tastes.Beijing style mooncakes feature the delicate use of sweetness and fine decoration.Chaoshan style mooncakes are usually larger than other mooncakes with common fillings of the red bean paste and potato paste.
Most mooncakes contain high amounts of sugar and oil, which are not healthy.To decrease the harm that high fat and calories bring to our body, some foods are recommended to be eaten together with mooncakes, including tea, sour fruit like grapes, and wine.They help digest, and take away fat in our body.Also, do not eat too much at a time.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了月饼的历史及其背后的意义，同时给出了一些健康吃月饼的建议。
5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The features of mooncakes.
B．The meaning behind mooncakes.
C．The origin of the Mid Autumn Festival.
D．The customs of the Mid Autumn Festival.
B　[段落大意题。第二段中提到月饼不仅仅是食物，更是象征着精神情感在中国人内心深处的深刻的文化传统，人们和家人一起吃月饼，给亲友送月饼是一种表达爱和最美好的祝愿的方式，由此可知，本段主要讲述了月饼背后的意义，故选B。]
6．When did mooncakes become popular as a festival food
A．In the Han Dynasty.
B．In the Tang Dynasty.
C．In the Northern Song Dynasty.
D．In the Ming Dynasty.
D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the custom of eating these cookies during the Mid Autumn Festival became popular.”可知，直到明朝，月饼才变成流行的节日食物，故选D。]
7．What is special about the Chaoshan style mooncakes
A．They contain less sugar.
B．They are generally larger in size.
C．They have a much longer history.
D．They feature fine decorative patterns.
B　[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Chaoshan style mooncakes are usually larger than other mooncakes with common fillings of the red bean paste and potato paste.”可知，潮汕式月饼的特征是比其他月饼在尺寸上要大，故选B。]
8．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To stress the importance of a healthy diet.
B．To call on people to value traditional culture.
C．To provide suggestions on eating mooncakes.
D．To recommend some new flavors of mooncakes.
C　[推理判断题。最后一段中提到大多数月饼含有大量的糖和油，这不健康，人们建议有些食物可以和月饼一起吃，不仅有助于消化，而且可以带走我们体内的脂肪，故本段的目的是提供一些吃月饼的建议，故选C。]
【高频词汇】
1．representative adj.典型的 n．代表
2．symbolize v．象征　3.relative n．亲属　4.origin n．起源；源头　5.vary v．变化；相异
6．exist v．存在；生存　7.decrease v．减少
8．recommend v．建议；推荐
长难句
原句　As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in what today are Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in east China, there was a kind of “Taishi cake” thick at the center and thin at the edge, which was the origin of the mooncake.
分析　本句为主从复合句。what引导宾语从句，作in的宾语；thick at the center and thin at the edge为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰“Taishi cake”；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Taishi cake”。
译文　早在商周时期，在今天中国东部的江浙一带，就有一种中间厚边缘薄的“太师饼”，这就是月饼的起源。
Ⅱ.七选五
To an outsider, any culture can seem confusing.And the UK's got a thing or two that raises an eyebrow.However, understand the whys and then things might be less puzzling. 1 ．
In a world where 61% of nations drive on the right, Brits drive on the left.Why Most people think it goes back to medieval times, maybe even Roman times. 2 when you remember that right handed people wore a sword (剑)on their left hip.Travelling on the left allowed you to keep your weapon(武器) arm toward your opponent, who would be on your right.This practice continued until the 18th century when a law was passed requiring all traffic crossing London Bridge to keep to the left.
Visitors to the UK that have just washed their hands in an old fashioned sink might be wondering why one tap is only for hot water, and the other cold. 3 ．So, why this odd(古怪的) It relates to a time when hot and cold water were kept separate to prevent pollution.Drinkable cold water came from a main supply, but hot water came from attic tanks(阁楼水箱) and was not considered suitable for consumption.So they were kept apart.
Millions of people drink tea worldwide, but the odd Brits put milk in theirs.Why This mysterious practice relates to the quality of china cups used in the 18th century when tea was first imported.For the majority of Brits, the cups available couldn't stand the heat of the boiling water and would break, so milk was added first. 4 ．And this practical change soon became a national habit.
5 ．As you can see, these odd Brits have perfectly clear reasons for left hand driving, two tap sinks and tea with milk.Even if they still seem strange, at least now you're in the know.
A．This makes it difficult to improve
B．There is a method in their madness
C．This unusual behavior makes sense
D．You can know the origins of the practices
E．Either can make washing very uncomfortable
F．This cooled the cup enough to resist(抵挡) the boiling water
G．Here are the reasons for three of Britain's more puzzling practices
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国靠左驾驶、洗手盆边有冷热两个水龙头以及喝茶加牛奶的习俗及其缘由。
1．G　[过渡句。设空处上文说到英国也有一两件让人惊讶的事情，但是理解原因后这些事情也许就不会那么令人困惑了；第二段至第四段分别介绍了英国靠左驾驶、有冷热两个水龙头的洗手盆以及喝茶加牛奶的习俗及其来源，所以G项“以下是英国三种更加令人费解的做法的原因”能够起到承上启下的作用。故选G。]
2．C　[细节句。下文提到习惯用右手的人会把剑佩戴在臀部左侧，靠左走会让你拿武器的手臂对着在你右边的对手，有了这个缘由，C项“这个不寻常的行为(靠左驾驶)就讲得通了”显然是符合语境的。]
3．E　[细节句。设空处上文提到去英国的刚在老式洗手盆洗过手的游客可能想知道为什么老式的洗手盆边有两个水龙头，一个放冷水，一个放热水。E项“任何一个水龙头都让洗手变得非常不舒服”叙述了一个冷水水龙头和一个热水水龙头给游客带来的使用感受，符合语境。]
4．F　[细节句。设空处上文提到当时，大多数英国人使用的杯子无法承受开水的温度，会破裂，因此他们就先把牛奶加进去，F项“这样就降低了杯子的温度，使其足以抵挡开水(的温度)”承接上文内容，叙述了先加牛奶的原因，符合语境。]
5．B　[细节句。设空处下一句提到正如你所看到的，对于靠左驾驶、双水龙头的洗手盆以及加奶的茶，这些古怪的英国人有非常清晰的理由，B项“奇怪的行为有其道理”与下文在意义上表述是一致的，符合语境。]
【高频词汇】
1．confusing adj.令人困惑的　2.puzzling adj.令人迷惑不解的　3.relate to...与……相关　4.separate adj.分开的；单独的　5.prevent v．阻止　6.suitable adj.合适的；适宜的　7.quality n．质量；品质　8.available adj.可利用的；可获得的　9.practical adj.切实可行的　10.make sense讲得通；有意义
长难句
原句　This practice continued until the 18th century when a law was passed requiring all traffic crossing London Bridge to keep to the left.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。when引导的是定语从句，先行词是the 18th century；requiring all...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a law，其中crossing London Bridge为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰traffic。
译文　这个惯例持续到18世纪一条要求所有穿过伦敦桥的车辆靠左侧行驶的法律被通过的时候。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In a world 1. is full of different kinds of colors, red quite stands out.In China, people call this color Chinese Red，and it has become a very popular expression catching the world's attention.
This expression fully shows Chinese 2. (people) special love for red.So why are the Chinese really fond of it One reason lies in the color's rich meaning in 3. (tradition) Chinese culture.In ancient China, red 4. (regard) as a symbol of health, energy, happiness, hope and so on.Now red things can be 5. (common) found across the nation, for example, red lanterns.People can find red lanterns across China, especially during festivals and holidays.During 6. Spring Festival, people will see red lanterns hanging on the front gates of houses and stores.Besides red lanterns, things like Spring Festival couplets (春联) 7. invitations are also often red.
8． a word, red is popular in China and it's more than just a color.It 9. (carry) the rich culture of this nation.And you're welcome 10. (feel) and discover it in China.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。红色受到中国人的喜爱，在中国，它不仅仅是一种颜色，还承载着丰富的文化内涵，文章具体介绍了红色在中国文化中所蕴含的意义。
1．which/that　[考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在一个充满不同种类的颜色的世界里，红色相当显眼。设空处无提示词，设空处前面是a world，“1. is full of different kinds of colors”中缺少主语，故推测设空处引导定语从句，结合句意可知该定语从句修饰的先行词为a world，故用关系词which或that。]
2．people's　[考查名词所有格。句意：这一表达充分显示了中国人对红色的特殊喜爱。此处people与love构成所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填people's。]
3．traditional　[考查形容词。句意：一个原因在于这一颜色(红色)在中国传统文化中的丰富的意义。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词culture。故填traditional。]
4．was regarded　[考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国古代，红色被认为是健康、活力、幸福、希望等的象征。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语；根据时间状语“In ancient China”可知，应用一般过去时；主语red与regard之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态，主语为red，故填was regarded。]
5．commonly　[考查副词。句意：现在红色的东西在全国都很常见，比如红灯笼。设空处作状语，修饰谓语动词，应用副词。故填commonly。]
6．the　[考查冠词。句意：在春节期间，人们会看到红色的灯笼挂在房子和商店的前门。表示“春节”应用the Spring Festival。故填the。]
7．and　[考查连词。句意：除了红灯笼，春联和请柬等东西也经常是红色的。此处Spring Festival couplets和invitations为并列关系，设空处表示“和”，应用连词and。故填and。]
8．In　[考查介词。句意：总之，红色在中国很受欢迎，它不仅仅是一种颜色。in a word意为“总之”，注意首字母大写。故填In。]
9．carries　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：它承载着这个国家丰富的文化。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填carries。]
10．to feel　[考查动词不定式。句意：欢迎你来中国感受并了解它。sb.be welcome to do sth.意为“某人可随意做某事”。故填to feel。]
【高频词汇】
1．stand out突出；显眼　2.be fond of 喜爱　3.besides prep.除……以外(还)　4.in a word总之
Part Ⅲ　Reading for Writing
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．free of charge免费
2．the amount of noise噪音量
3．the National Gallery国家美术馆
4．approach the painting靠近画作
5．beautiful natural landscape 美丽的自然景观
6．bread with butter and honey黄油和蜂蜜面包
7．the family's ancestor家族的祖先
8．a responsible position一个责任重大的职位
9．some of the snacks一些小吃
10．eager for knowledge and experience 渴望获得知识和经验
11．great writers and poets杰出作家和诗人
12．green counties草木葱茏的郡县
13．rolling green hills 青山连绵起伏
14．dotted with sheep and cattle牛羊点缀其中
15．greet the new day 迎接新的一天
16．stop by a village pub在乡村酒吧停下来
17．relax with a glass of wine or a local beer 喝一杯葡萄酒或当地的啤酒放松一下
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员
2．eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地；渴望地
3．poet n．诗人→poem n．诗→poetry n．诗歌
4．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．招呼；问候；敬礼
5．sensory adj.感觉的；感官的→sense n．感觉；感觉官能；意识 vt.感到；理解
6．striking adj.吸引人的；显著的；引人注目的→strike vt.撞；敲打；攻击；罢工 n．攻击；罢工
7．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方
8．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．have a great influence on 对……有很大的影响
2．(be) dotted with 布满；点缀着
3．make up 组成，构成；编造；弥补；化妆
4．have a chance of doing... 有做某事的机会
5．better yet 更喜人的是；更好的
6．introduce oneself to 向……自我介绍
7．a feast for the eyes 视觉的盛宴
8．more than很；非常
9．be likely to do sth.可能做某事
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句型公式：with的复合结构
教材原句：The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
翻译： “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
2．句型公式：sb.be likely to do sth.某人可能做某事
教材原句：And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face，you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first hand.
翻译： 如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的人，你很有可能直接体验当地的文化和习俗。
Ⅰ.文本结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The main idea of the text is about Irish traditions and culture．
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．Why has Ireland produced many great writers and poets
A．The people there are all good at writing.
B．The beautiful countryside gives them inspiration.
C．The modern industry makes them free from labor(劳动).
D．The education system there is advanced.
2．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” is ．
A．pleasing to the eyes
B．exciting to the ears
C．pleasing to the mouths
D．exciting to the noses
3．Where can you enjoy Irish strong traditions
A．In the library.
B．In a village pub.
C．By the sea.
D．On the coast.
4．According to the passage，on a quiet morning in the mountains，you can hear ．
A．the song of the birds
B．the roar of the ocean waves
C．the cries of the seabirds
D．the traditional music played everywhere
答案　1.B　2.A　3.B　4.A
Ⅳ.长难句分析
And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face，you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first hand.
[句式分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，if引导的是一个条件状语从句，主句为 “sb.be likely to do...” 的结构。
[尝试翻译]　如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的人，你更有可能直接体验当地的文化和习俗。
1．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电(1)charge sb.money for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事
(2)free of charge 免费
take charge of 主管/负责……
in charge of 负责/掌管……
in the charge of 由……负责
*单句语法填空
①The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.
②Children are free of charge during festivals.
③She charged me two dollars for surfing the Internet.
④Our class is in the charge of our class teacher.
*单句写作
⑤他主动提出为任何有需要的人免费修理自行车。
He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.(应用文写作之人物介绍)
【特别提醒】
in charge of意为“(某人)负责/掌管……”，主语为人，in the charge of sb.意为“(某物)由某人负责/掌管”，主语为物。类似的短语还有in possession of意为“(某人)拥有……”，主语为人；in the possession of sb.意为“(某物)被某人占有”，主语为物；in control of意为“(某人)管理/控制……”，主语为人；in the control of sb.意为“(某物)由某人管理/控制”，主语为物。
2．amount n．金额；数量 v.合计，共计；等同，接近(1)a/an(large/good)amount of＋不可数名词，意为“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式
(large) amounts of＋不可数名词，意为“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the amount of……的数量
(2)amount to总计为；相当于
*单句语法填空
①A large amount of money is (be)spent on tobacco every year.
②Your monthly salary amounts to $1，500.
③Large amounts of money were (be) spent on the bridge.
*单句写作
④令我们悲伤的是，每年都有大量的食物被浪费掉。
To our sadness, large amounts of food are wasted every year.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
3．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近(1)make an approach to与……进行首次商谈
(2)the approach to(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/途径
(3)the approach of sth.某事的来临
at one's approach在某人快到时
*单句语法填空
①We heard the sound of a car approaching．(approach)
②Approaching(approach)the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
③He inspired us to find the approach to solving (solve) the problem.
*单句写作
④敢于正视问题而不是逃避是解决事情的最好方法。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out．(应用文写作之建议信)
4．eager adj.热切的；渴望的(1)be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
(2)eagerly adv.热切地；急切地
eagerness n．热切；渴望
*单句语法填空
①Mike is eager to break (break)away from the busy city life for a while.
②When my own son was five years old，I was eager for another baby.
③“So what do you think will happen？” he asked eagerly(eager).
④I couldn't hide my eagerness(eager) to get back home.
*单句写作
⑤如果您有空并且有这种渴望，请通过电子邮件报名参加。
If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by email.(应用文写作之邀请信)
5．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤(1)crowd into one's mind/head (＝ crowd in on sb.) 涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into... 涌入/挤进某场所
(2)crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满的；塞满的
be crowded with 挤满
*单句语法填空
①The crowd were running in all directions!
②They noticed a crowd of people shouting and cheering.
③Memories crowded into my mind when I saw the photo.
*单句写作
④大厅里挤满了人。
The hall is crowded with people.(读后续写之情景描写)
【名师点拨】
crowd是集合名词，作主语时，若视为整体则谓语动词用单数；若强调个体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
6．with的复合结构with复合结构由 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语” 组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：
*单句语法填空
①The young woman, with a baby sleeping(sleep) in her arms, was wandering in the street.
②With so many people absent(absence)，the meeting has to be postponed.
③The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
④With a lot of work to do(do)，he wasn't allowed to go out.
*完成句子
⑤这个男人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。
The man sat in the chair，with his hands tied behind his back．
7．sb.be likely to do sth.某人可能会做某事(1)sb./sth.be likely to do...某人/某物很可能……
＝It's likely that sb./sth...某人/某物很可能……
(2)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的
be unlikely to...不可能……
*单句语法填空
①Do you think the speaker in