(共55张PPT)
Part Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
课时分层作业
04
[单元主题语境] 人与社会——历史和传统
A people without the knowledge of their past history，origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树。
1．It didn't take long before I realised that military strength is of vital importance to a country.
没过多久我就意识到军事力量对一个国家而言至关重要。
2．It was the soldier's bravery and kindness that touched me deeply.
是这个战士的勇气和善良深深地打动了我。
3．Obviously，our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
显然，我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．Confucius's ___________ 孔子的哲学
2．the meaning of the ________words单个单词的意思
3．the United ________ 联合王国
4．the _______ country of Wales威尔士附近的乡村
5．the same _______ defence相同的国防
6．the well known _______ of Hastings著名的黑斯廷斯战役
7．an ancient _____ city 一个古老的港口城市
philosophy
individual
Kingdom
nearby
military
Battle
port
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．______ adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长→chiefly adv.主要地； 首要地
2．______ n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
3．______ vi.应在(某处)；适应→belongings n．财产，所有物；行李
4． _______ n．防御；保卫→defend vt.防护；防卫
5．______ adj.法律的；合法的→legally adv.合法地→illegally adv.违法地；非法地→illegal adj.非法的
6． __________ vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
chief
puzzle
belong
defence
legal
surround
7． _______ n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
8． ____________ n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.完成；达到
9． __________ n．地方；地点；位置→located adj.位于→locate vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居
10． ____________ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate vt.使着迷→fascination n．魅力
11．__________ vt.占领；征服；控制→conqueror n．占领者；征服者
evidence
achievement
location
fascinating
conquer
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．join...to...___________________________
2．break away(from sb./sth.) _________________
3．belong to_______
4．as well as___________________
5．keep your eyes open for___________
6．lead to___________
7．result in___________
8．be referred to as______________
9．date back to___________
10．leave behind___________
把……和……连接或联结起来
脱离；背叛；逃脱
属于
同(一样也)；和；还
留心；留意
导致；造成
导致；造成
被称为；被认为
追溯到……
留下；丢弃
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句型公式： everywhere引导地点状语从句
教材原句：Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
翻译： _______________________________________________________________
______________________________
2．句型公式：the way后接定语从句
教材原句：They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.
翻译： ____________________________________________________
几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
3．句型公式： have sth.done 使某事被别人做
教材原句：They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
翻译：____________________________________________________
他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文本结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The main idea of the text is _______________________________．
the history of the United Kingdom
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
一、根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．What happened in the 19th century
A．The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
B．The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
C．The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
D．The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
2．Which of the following is different area of the four countries
A．Flag. B．Currency.
C．Military defence. D．Legal systems.
3．Who conquered England after the well known Battle of Hastings
A．The Romans.
B．The Anglo Saxons.
C．The Normans.
D．The Vikings.
4．What's the author's attitude towards studying the history
A．Neutral. B．Indifferent.
C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
答案 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.C
二、根据课文内容选择最佳选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times
B．which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions
C.which resulted in the full name we have today
D．that belong to the UK
E．who took over at different times throughout history
F．which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain
1．In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK， ．
2．People from the UK are called “British” ， ．
3．The four countries work together in some areas.
4．The UK has a long history to explore， ．
5．Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people ．
答案 1.C 2.F 3.D 4.B 5.E
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
[句式分析] 这是一个主从复合句； which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是前面的句子；定语从句we have today与先行词 the full name之间省略了关系代词that/which；the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland作同位语，解释说明the full name。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
后来到了20世纪，爱尔兰南部地区从英国脱离出去，这才有了我们现在所知的英国的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2．They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
[句式分析] 本句为简单句。句中known as the Union Jack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词flag，相当于非限制性定语从句which is known as the Union Jack。as well as连接两个并列的谓语动词use和share。
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________
_________________
3．They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
[句式分析] 本句为一个简单句。had castles built为“have sth.done”结构，意为“使某事被做”， 过去分词在句中作宾语补足语。and连接两个并列谓语had和made。
[尝试翻译] ______________________________________________________
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
他们在英格兰到处建立城堡，而且还对法律体系做了更改。
——阅读清障——
①be confused by 对……感到迷惑
②if any如果有什么的话
③a little bit一点儿
④puzzle/?p?zl/n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
⑤nearby/?nI ?baI/adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
⑥Wales威尔士(英国)
⑦join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
⑧Scotland苏格兰(英国)
⑨add v．增加，增添
⑩break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
result in导致
Northern Ireland北爱尔兰(英国)
shorten vt.缩短
refer to...as...把……称为……
belong to属于
belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
area[熟词生义] n．领域，方面
as well as同(一样也)；和；还
currency/?k?r nsi/n.通货；货币
military/?mIl tri/ adj.军事的；军用的
defence/dI?fens/ n．防御；保卫
21 for example例如
22 legal adj.合法的；法律的n.法定权利
23 surround/s ?ra?nd/vt.围绕；包围
24 evidence/?evid ns/ n．证据，证明
25 take over接管，掌管
26 throughout prep.贯穿，遍及
27 Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
28 Anglo Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人
29 Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
30 leave behind留下
31 lots of 许多，和a lot of 可换用，后跟可数名词，也可以跟不可数名词
32 as well as用作介词，意为还有，和，不但……而且……
33 location/l ??keI?n/n．地方；地点；位置
34 Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
35 conquer /?k??k (r)/vt.占领；征服；控制
36 battle/?b?tl/n.战役；博斗v.搏斗；奋斗
Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役
37 enter into成为……的一部分；影响
38 port/p??t/ n．港口(城市)
39 date back to(＝date from)上溯至
40 all the way一直
41 all over the UK全英国
42 fascinating/?f?sIneItI?/ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
43 keep your eyes open(for)留心；留意
44 be surprised to do sth.很惊奇地做某事
——教材原文——
WHAT'S IN A NAME
[1]The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by① what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them，if any②？[2]Getting to know a little bit③ about British history will help you solve this puzzle④.
[1]这是一个主从复合句。其中what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。
[2]这是一个简单句。其中Getting to know...是动名词短语，作主语。
In the 16th century，the nearby⑤country of Wales⑥ was joined to⑦ the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century，the country Scotland⑧was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added⑨ to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.[3]Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from⑩ the UK，which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK” .[4]People from the UK are called “British” ，which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
[3]这是一个主从复合句。其中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。其中，we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the full name。
[4]这是一个主从复合句。其中，which means...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。
[5]The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas . [6]They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence .However，they also have some differences.For example21，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal22 systems.They also have their own traditions，like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup！
[5]这是一个主从复合句。其中，that belong to...是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the four countries，that在从句中作主语。
[6]这是一个简单句。其中，过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰the same flag。
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history.[7]Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.[8]Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded23by evidence24 of four different groups of people who took over25at different times throughout26 history.The first group，the Romans27，came in the first century.They built the first towns and good roads.Next，the Anglo Saxons28 arrived in the fifth century.
[9]They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.The Vikings29 came in the eighth century and left behind30lots of 31 new vocabulary，as well as32 the names of many locations33 across the UK.The last group were the Normans34.They conquered35England after the well known Battle36 of Hastings in the 11th century.[10]They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into37 the English language.
[7]这是一个简单句。Exploring it是动名词作主语，谓语是固定结构：help sb do sth.帮助某人做某事。
[8]这是一个主从复合句。其中，...everywhere you go in the UK是状语从句，everywhere
意为 “处处，到处” ，引导状语从句。who took over...是who引导的定语从句，修饰four different groups of people，who在从句中作主语。
[9]这是一个主从复合句。其中，the way people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way，that或in which在从句中作方式状语。
[10]这是一个简单句。其中，had castles built all around England是 “have sth.done” 结构，表示 “让某事被做” 。
[11]There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.[12]Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.[13]The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port38 city that has a history dating all the way39 back to40 Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK41 .The UK is
a fascinating42 mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open43 ，you will be surprised to find44 that you can see both its past and its present.
[11]这是一个简单句。其中，There is so much more to learn...是 “There be＋主语＋to do” 结构，不定式表示 “动作尚未发生” 。
[12]这是一个简单句。其中，Studying the history of the country是动名词短语，作主语。
[13]这是一个主从复合句。其中，as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词city；dating all the way...是现在分词短语，作后置定语。
——译文对释——
名字里有什么？
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——许多人对这些不同的名字的含义感到困惑。如果有区别的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。后来，在18世纪，苏格兰加入创建了大不列颠王国。在19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入创建大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国，形成了我们今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用简称： “联合王国” 或 “英国” 。来自英国的人被称为 “British” ，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。像拥有同样的货币和军事防御一样，他们也使用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国国旗。然而，他们也有一些不同之处。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也有自己的传统，比如他们自己的节日和菜肴。他们甚至有自己的足球队，参加像世界杯这样的比赛！
英国有悠久而有趣的历史可以探索，这可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。几乎是无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。第一批人，罗马人，在公元1世纪来到这里。他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，盎格鲁—撒克逊人在5世纪来到了这里。他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人在8世纪来到了这里，留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地进入了英语。
关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。学习这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。有无数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是一个迷人的历史和现代文化的混合体，既有新的传统，也有古老的传统。如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
语言知识研磨
03
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的
be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
*单句语法填空
①He was studying the map and puzzling _________ the easiest way to cross the mountains.
②When the little girl was asked such a _______ question, she stood there with a __________look on her face.(puzzle)
about/over
puzzling
puzzled
③He was quite _______ (puzzle) about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help.
*单句写作
④此外，当你遇到一些令你困惑的问题时，尽管向我求助。
Furthermore, _________________________________, don't hesitate to turn to me.
(应用文写作之求助信)
puzzled
when you meet some puzzling questions
2．join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
join A to B/ join A and B 把……和……连接起来
join the party/the army/the club 入党/参军/加入俱乐部
join in (doing) (sth.) 加入(做)某事
join sb.in (doing) sth.加入某人做某事
*单句语法填空
①Every individual or group is joined ___ the world by the Internet.
②In the evening there was a barbecue，with the whole village ________(join) in the fun.
③She listens but she never joins ___．
to
joining
in
*单句写作
④我相信大家都愿意和我一起感谢咱们今晚的发言人。
I'm sure you will all wish ____________________our speaker tonight.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
to join me in thanking
【易混辨析】
join in/join
join in 常用于口语，表示参加别人已经在进行的小型活动，其宾语一般是谈话、竞赛、娱乐、游戏等表示活动的名词。如果表示“与某人一起做某事”，则用join sb.in doing sth.
join 通常指参加某个组织、党派、团体、军队等，并成为其中一员，宾语往往是the army，party，team，club或sb.等
3.break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
break down 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
*单句语法填空
①The prisoner broke ______ from his guards.
②The policeman found that the house had been broken _____and a quantity of jewelry stolen.
③He tried to cope with the ever increasing burden of his work, but finally his health broke _____．
④It's bad manners to break ___ while others are speaking.
*单句写作
⑤火灾发生在凌晨3点，当时人们正在放烟花庆祝。
_________________________when people were celebrating with fireworks.(应用文写作之报道)
away
into
down
in
The fire broke out at 3 a．m.
4．belong to 属于
(1)belong in 适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belongings n. 财产；所有物；亲戚
*单句语法填空
①The house used to belong____ him.
②These shoes don't belong ____ this cupboard；take them out.
③I needed to sort my __________(belong).
*完成句子
④剪纸有1 500多年的历史，属于传统的中国艺术。
Paper cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, ________________________ in China.
to
in
belongings
which belongs to traditional art
5．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
(1)A as well as B＝not only B but also A 不仅B而且A
as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据前者而定， 即 “就远一致” 。
as well as用于同级比较，表示 “和……一样好”，在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词。
(2)as well 表示 “也；又；还” 时，常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用。
may/might as well do sth. 倒不如做某事；不妨做某事
*单句语法填空
①I am going to London and my sister is going _____ well.
②Your wife as well as you____ friendly to me.
＝Not only you but also your wife ____friendly to me.
③You look as well____ you did ten years ago.
as
is
is
as
*单句写作
④我和我的同班同学都为你的成就感到骄傲。
__________________________________ your achievements.(应用文写作之祝贺信)
I as well as my classmates am proud of
6．defence n．防御；保卫
(1)in one's defence ＝ in defence of sb.为某人辩护
(2)defend vt.保卫；防守
defend...from/against保护……使不受……，为……辩护
defend oneself自卫
*单句语法填空
①The ______(defend)of the country is everyone's affair.
②He gave his life in defence ____ his country.
③Their duty is to defend their country ___________ foreign enemies attack.
④We defended her _______ harm.
defence
of
against/from
from
*完成句子
⑤全国人民要团结起来保护濒危的野生动物不受到伤害。
The whole country should unite to ______________________________________
_____________．
defend/protect the endangered wildlife from
being harmed
7．surround vt.围绕；包围
(1)surround...with...用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with...被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
(3)surroundings n．环境(指周围的具体的物质环境)
*单句语法填空
①To some, happiness is being surrounded_____ family and friends.
②After the explosion，the army sealed off the __________ (surround) area.
*单句写作
③看着全新的环境，我很焦虑、很胆怯。
__________________________________, I was very anxious and timid.(读后续写之心理描写)
by
surrounding
Looking at the totally new surroundings
8．evidence n．证据；证明
(1)There is some/no evidence that...(没)有证据证明……
in evidence显眼；显而易见
(2)evident adj.明显的；明白的
It's evident that...很明显……
(3)evidently adv.显然；明显地；清楚地
*单句语法填空
①He _________ (evident)hated maths at school，so it's amazing he became an accountant!
②It must be ________ (evidence)to all of you that he has made a mistake.
evidently
evident
③A new study has found no _________ (evident)that sunscreen actually increases the risk of skin cancer.
*单句写作
④很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
______________ education of the young is vital to the future of a country.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
evidence
It is evident that
9．keep one's eyes open (for)留心；留意
keep an eye on照看，照管；留心注意
look sb.in the eye(s)直视别人
have an eye for对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch sb.'s eye吸引某人的注意
*单句语法填空
①We've asked the neighbours to keep an eye ____ the house for us while we are away.
②A red pencil mark on the fifth page caught ____ (he) eye.
③A good artist must have an eye ____ color.
on
his
for
*完成句子
④如果你想使你的旅行愉快又有意义的话，你就必须留心观察。
You ______________________ if you are going to make your trip enjoyable and worthwhile.
must keep your eyes open
10．everywhere引导地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。
*完成句子
①这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
________________________ ，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
②你可以去任何你想去的地方。
You can go ________________．
③有志者，事竟成。
________________________________.
Wherever the film star goes
anywhere you like
Where there is a will，there is a way
11．have sth.done 让某事被别人做
当have 作“使，让”讲时， 含有 have的几个句型：
(1)have sth.done
① 使某事被做，叫或请人把某事做了(主语有意识的行为)
②经历或遭遇某事(主语无意识的行为)
(2)have sb./sth.doing
①让……一直做 (＝ keep/leave sb./sth.doing)
②允许某人做某事 (常和won't, can't等连用)
③有……在做某事
(3)have sb.do sth.
让/使/叫某人做某事(＝make/let sb.do sth.)
当have作 “有” 解讲，其句型为：
have sth.to do 有某事要做
*完成句子
①请找几个同学打扫一下餐厅。
Please __________________________ the dininghall.
②这故事让我们笑个不停。
The story had us _________all the time.
③我将找人修修表。
I'll have my watch ________ ．
have some of the students clean
laughing
repaired
④我不能跟你们走。我还有很多作业要做。
I can't go with you.I have a lot of homework _______．
to do
谢 谢 观 看(共29张PPT)
Part Ⅲ Reading for Writing
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．free of ______ 免费
2．the _______ of noise噪音量
3．the National _______ 国家美术馆
4． _________ the painting靠近画作
5．beautiful natural __________美丽的自然景观
6．bread with ______ and ______ 黄油和蜂蜜面包
7．the family's _______ 家族的祖先
8．a responsible _______ 一个责任重大的职位
9．some of the ______ 一些小吃
charge
amount
Gallery
approach
landscape
butter
honey
ancestor
position
snacks
10． _____ for knowledge and experience 渴望获得知识和经验
11．great writers and _____ 杰出作家和诗人
12．green _______ 草木葱茏的郡县
13． ______ green hills 青山连绵起伏
14．dotted with sheep and _____ 牛羊点缀其中
15． _____ the new day 迎接新的一天
16．stop by a village _____在乡村酒吧停下来
17．relax with a glass of _____ or a local _____ 喝一杯葡萄酒或当地的啤酒放松一下
eager
poets
counties
rolling
cattle
greet
pub
wine
beer
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．__________ vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员
2．_____ adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地；渴望地
3．_____ n．诗人→poem n．诗→poetry n．诗歌
4．_____ vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．招呼；问候；敬礼
5．______ adj.感觉的；感官的→sense n．感觉；感觉官能；意识 vt.感到；理解
6．________ adj.吸引人的；显著的；引人注目的→strike vt.撞；敲打；攻击；罢工 n．攻击；罢工
7．________ adj. 慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方
8．_____ n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
announce
eager
poet
greet
sensory
striking
generous
crowd
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．have a great influence on _____________________
2．(be) dotted with _____________
3．make up ______________________________
4．have a chance of doing... ______________
5．better yet _____________________
6．introduce oneself to _______________
7．a feast for the eyes _____________
8．more than_____________
9．be likely to do sth. _____________
对……有很大的影响
布满；点缀着
组成，构成；编造；弥补；化妆
有做某事的机会
更喜人的是；更好的
向……自我介绍
视觉的盛宴
很；非常
可能做某事
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句型公式：with的复合结构
教材原句：The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
翻译： ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2．句型公式：sb.be likely to do sth.某人可能做某事
教材原句：And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face，you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first hand.
翻译： ______________________________________________________________
___________
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的人，你很有可能直接体验当地的文化和习俗。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文本结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The main idea of the text is about _______________________．
Irish traditions and culture
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．Why has Ireland produced many great writers and poets
A．The people there are all good at writing.
B．The beautiful countryside gives them inspiration.
C．The modern industry makes them free from labor(劳动).
D．The education system there is advanced.
2．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” is ．
A．pleasing to the eyes B．exciting to the ears
C．pleasing to the mouths D．exciting to the noses
3．Where can you enjoy Irish strong traditions
A．In the library. B．In a village pub.
C．By the sea. D．On the coast.
4．According to the passage，on a quiet morning in the mountains，you can hear ．
A．the song of the birds
B．the roar of the ocean waves
C．the cries of the seabirds
D．the traditional music played everywhere
答案 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A
Ⅳ.长难句分析
And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face，you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first hand.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，if引导的是一个条件状语从句，主句为 “sb.be likely to do...” 的结构。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________
____________________
如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的人，你更有可能直接体验当地的文化和习俗。
语言知识研磨
03
1．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
(1)charge sb.money for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing)sth.控告某人(做)某事
(2)free of charge 免费
take charge of 主管/负责……
in charge of 负责/掌管……
in the charge of 由……负责
*单句语法填空
①The man who had taken charge ____the company was charged _____taking drugs.
②Children are free ____charge during festivals.
③She charged me two dollars ____ surfing the Internet.
④Our class is ____ the charge of our class teacher.
*单句写作
⑤他主动提出为任何有需要的人免费修理自行车。
He offered to fix bikes________________for anyone who needed it.(应用文写作之人物介绍)
of
with
of
for
in
free of charge
【特别提醒】
in charge of意为“(某人)负责/掌管……”，主语为人，in the charge of sb.意为 “(某物)由某人负责/掌管”，主语为物。类似的短语还有in possession of意为“(某人)拥有……”，主语为人；in the possession of sb.意为“(某物)被某人占有”，主语为物；in control of意为“(某人)管理/控制……”，主语为人；in the control of sb.意为“(某 物)由某人管理/控制”，主语为物。
2．amount n．金额；数量 v.合计，共计；等同，接近
(1)a/an(large/good)amount of＋不可数名词，意为“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式
(large) amounts of＋不可数名词，意为“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式
the amount of……的数量
(2)amount to总计为；相当于
*单句语法填空
①A large amount of money ____ (be)spent on tobacco every year.
②Your monthly salary amounts ____ $1，500.
③Large amounts of money________ (be) spent on the bridge.
is
to
were
*单句写作
④令我们悲伤的是，每年都有大量的食物被浪费掉。
To our sadness, _____________________ are wasted every year.(应用文写作之演讲稿)
large amounts of food
3．approach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
(1)make an approach to与……进行首次商谈
(2)the approach to(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法/途径
(3)the approach of sth.某事的来临
at one's approach在某人快到时
*单句语法填空
①We heard the sound of a car __________．(approach)
②_____________(approach)the city centre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
③He inspired us to find the approach to _______ (solve) the problem.
approaching
Approaching
solving
*单句写作
④敢于正视问题而不是逃避是解决事情的最好方法。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is______________
__________________ ．(应用文写作之建议信)
the best approach
to working things out
4．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
(1)be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
(2)eagerly adv.热切地；急切地
eagerness n．热切；渴望
*单句语法填空
①Mike is eager________ (break)away from the busy city life for a while.
②When my own son was five years old，I was eager ____ another baby.
③“So what do you think will happen？” he asked _______(eager).
④I couldn't hide my __________(eager) to get back home.
to break
for
eagerly
eagerness
*单句写作
⑤如果您有空并且有这种渴望，请通过电子邮件报名参加。
If you are available and ___________________, please sign up for it by email.(应用文写作之邀请信)
have the eagerness
5．crowd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤
(1)crowd into one's mind/head (＝ crowd in on sb.) 涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd into... 涌入/挤进某场所
(2)crowded adj. 拥挤的；挤满的；塞满的
be crowded with 挤满
*单句语法填空
①______ crowd were running in all directions!
②They noticed a crowd _____ people shouting and cheering.
③Memories crowded ______ my mind when I saw the photo.
The
of
into
*单句写作
④大厅里挤满了人。
The hall _______________ people.(读后续写之情景描写)
【名师点拨】
crowd是集合名词，作主语时，若视为整体则谓语动词用单数；若强调个体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
is crowded with
6．with的复合结构with复合结构由 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语” 组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：
*单句语法填空
①The young woman, with a baby ________(sleep) in her arms, was wandering in the street.
②With so many people _______(absence)，the meeting has to be postponed.
③The teacher entered the classroom _____ a book in his hand.
④With a lot of work _______(do)，he wasn't allowed to go out.
*完成句子
⑤这个男人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。
The man sat in the chair，_______________________________．
sleeping
absent
with
to do
with his hands tied behind his back
7．sb.be likely to do sth.某人可能会做某事
(1)sb./sth.be likely to do...某人/某物很可能……
＝It's likely that sb./sth...某人/某物很可能……
(2)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的
be unlikely to...不可能……
*单句语法填空
①Do you think the speaker in the poem is more likely _____ (be) a girlfriend or a parent
②The meeting is likely ______ (last) two and a half hours.
＝ It is likely _____ the meeting will last two and a half hours.
to be
to last
that
谢 谢 观 看(共21张PPT)
Part Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
文本
目
录
课时分层作业
CONTENTS
Ⅰ.语法图解
Ⅱ.自主领悟
观察下列句子并归纳：
1．(教材原句)They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
2．(教材原句)They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.
3．(教材原句)Most people just use the shortened name：“the Unite Kingdom” or “ the UK” .
4．(教材原句)Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
5．(教材原句)When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
6．(教材原句)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
归纳：
1．句1、3、5中加黑词汇在句中作定语。句3中作前置定语，句1、5中作后置定语。
2．句2、4、6中加黑词汇在句中作宾语补足语。
Ⅲ.要点精析
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的意义：过去分词作定语，强调被动或者完成的意义。
Things seen are mightier than things heard.
(谚语)眼见为实，耳听为虚。(过去分词表完成)
Her daughter，brought up by me, has begun to work now.
她的由我带大的那个女儿现在已经参加工作了。(过去分词表被动)
2．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的名词的前面。过去分词短语作定语时，需放在所修饰的名词之后，此时，它相当于定语从句。
He told me that this was the wounded soldier.
他告诉我这就是那个受伤的战士。
Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled with books(＝which is filled with books).
靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。
(2)当被修饰的词是复合不定代词something，nothing，somebody等或指示代词those，these等时，作定语的过去分词需后置。
There has been nothing changed since I left London two years ago.
自从我两年前离开伦敦后，那儿一直没有什么变化。
Is there anything unsolved
还有没解决的问题吗？
(3)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。
well behaved children 有礼貌的孩子
newly arrived visitors 刚来的参观者
3．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
区别 典例
doing 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系， 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water 沸水
the developing
country发展中国家
the falling leaves正在飘落的树叶
done 与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在已经完成 the boiled water开水
the developed
country发达国家the fallen leaves 落叶
【口诀助记】
过去分词作定语速记口诀
过去分词作定语，意义用法容易记。
及物动词用过分，表示被动与完成；
不及物用过分时，不表被动表完成；
单个过分名词前，过分短语名词后，
若是修饰不定代，只能放在代词后；
given, left 和 concerned，作定语时要后置。
[即学即练1]
*单句语法填空
①The beautiful long branches ________(cover) with pink coloured buds make fantastic decorations.
②The witnesses __________ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
③The wind swept the ______(fall) leaves.
④The building ______(build) last year is our classroom building.
covered
questioned
fallen
built
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
英语中过去分词作宾语补足语，通常用于以下几种情况：
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等后面
keep/leave＋n./pron.＋p.p
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语)少说多看。
2．表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get等。
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构有三种含义：
(1)表示“让某事被(别人)做”。
I have my hair cut once a month.
我一个月理一次发。
They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。
(2)表示“遇到某种不幸；受到打击；蒙受……损失；受……影响”。
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时车被撬开了。
He had his hat blown off on his way home.
在回家的路上他的帽子被风吹走了。
(3)表示“完成某事(自己也可能参与)”。
I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.
我已经把所有的拼写错误都改正了。
He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.
他今年已经存了一千元了。
3．“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构中，过去分词的动作必须是表示结果含义的。
He is trying to make himself understood.
他在努力把自己的意思说清楚。
4．表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。
She felt a great weight taken off her mind.
她觉得心里轻松多了。
The next morning people found the world outside completely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现外面的世界全变了。
5．过去分词用在“with/without＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With many brightly coloured flowers planted around the building，her house looks like a beautiful garden.
她的房子周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，看上去就像一个漂亮的花园。
With everything well arranged，he left the office.
一切安排妥当后，他离开了办公室。
6．表“希望，要求，命令”的动词：want，wish，expect，would like，order＋(to be)done
He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。
The students wish the TV serial plays continued.
学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。
7．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别
过去分词 作宾补 宾语和动词之间为被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作
现在分词 作宾补 宾语和动词之间为主动关系，其动作与谓语动作同时发生
不定式 作宾补 可表示一个完成的动作或者表示一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作
I saw him opening the window.
我看到他在开窗户。(强调正在开窗户)
I saw the window opened.
我看见窗户被打开了。
I saw him open the window.
我看见他打开了窗户。(省略to的不定式作宾补，表示看到了开窗户的全过程)
【温馨提示】
see，hear，watch，notice等动词后既可以加v. ing，也可以用do(不带to的不定式)，还可以跟done，但三者之间有区别：用v . ing表示动作正在发生，即发生的过程还没有结束；用do强调动作发生的全过程，即动作全过程结束了，用done表示宾语与宾补之间是被动关系。
①I noticed her come into the classroom.
我看到她进了教室。
②I noticed her coming into the classroom.
我看她正在走进教室。
③I noticed her taken out of the classroom.
我看到她被带出了教室。
【口诀助记】
一感二听三使役六看，
后接分词作宾补常见，
主动doing被动done，
还有with结构要记上。
(1“感觉”：feel; 2“听”：hear, listen to; 3“使役”：have, leave, keep; 6“看”：see, watch, look at, observe, find, notice，with＋宾语＋宾补)
[即学即练2]
*单句语法填空
①He felt himself _______(seize)by a strong arm from behind.
②When I came in, I found him _______ (lie)in bed.
③Would you like it _______ (wrap)in brown paper, sir, or in white
④I had my watch _______ (steal) in the street yesterday.
⑤With everything well _______ (arrange), he left the office.
seized
lying
wrapped
stolen
arranged
谢 谢 观 看(共12张PPT)
Part Ⅳ Writing
UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
文本
目
录
课时分层作业
CONTENTS
【写作任务】
介绍旅游胜地
描写一个城市或地点是一种描述性的说明文。它主要说明或解释某一城市或地点的地理位置、外貌、环境、经济、文化、交通、历史演变、发展展望等，使读者获取信息。
一般来说，描述性说明文的写作顺序主要有三种形式：时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序。
【写作实践】
假如你是李华，你有一位英国网友，名叫Tom，他听说了中国的故宫，但对其了解不多，于是给你发来一封电子邮件，请你给他介绍一些有关故宫的情况。请根据下面提供的一些要点给他回一封电子邮件：
1．故宫(the Palace Museum)旧称紫禁城(the Forbidden City)；
2．它1406年开始建造，1420年建成；
3．故宫存放着有上千年历史的珍宝，请他亲自来看一看。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．格式已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
思路点拨
主题 景点介绍 体裁 应用文
人称 以第三人 称为主 时态 以一般现
在时为主
布局 第一部分：引入主题； 第二部分：详细介绍故宫的情况； 第三部分：建议对方亲自来看看
[遣词造句]
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1．__________ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的
2．__________ 把……称为……
3．__________ 追溯到
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1．故宫在过去也被称为紫禁城。
The Palace Museum ___________________ the Forbidden City in the past.
2．它是一个极具吸引力的旅游景点。
It is _________________________．
fascinating
refer to...as...
date back to
was also referred to as
a fascinating tourist attraction
3．故宫里面存放着大量珍宝，它们有着上千年的历史。
______________________________________________________________________________________ ．
[句式升级]
1．用过去分词短语作后置定语合并句1和句2。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2．用现在分词短语作后置定语改写句3。
_________________________________________________________________________________
The Palace Museum holds a large quantity of treasures, and they have a history of thousands of years
The Palace Museum, also referred to as the Forbidden City in the past，is a fascinating tourist attraction.
The Palace Museum holds a large quantity of treasures having a history of thousands of years.
[连句成篇]
Dear Tom，
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Tom，
It is nice to receive your e mail.Now I'd like to tell you something about the Palace Museum.
The Palace Museum, also referred to as the Forbidden City in the past，is a fascinating tourist attraction.It dates back to the Ming Dynasty.Its construction started in 1406 and it was completed in 1420.The Palace Museum holds a large quantity of treasures having a history of thousands of years.
I do hope you can come to China and take a look at it with your own eyes.I'm sure you will be attracted to it.
Yours，
Li Hua
【实战演练】
根据下面所提供的信息要点，用英语写一篇介绍意大利的文章。
1．意大利位于欧洲中部，从地图上看像是一只靴子，与四个国家相邻；
2．人口6 055万，首都罗马。中部的比萨城以它的古老建筑和比萨斜塔闻名于世；
3．著名的物理学家伽利略生于比萨，在比萨斜塔上做过著名的实验——两个不同重量的物体同时着地。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：比萨Pisa；斜塔the Leaning Tower；伽利略Galileo
______________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Italy lies in the middle of Europe，just like a boot from a map of the world.There are four neighboring countries.Italy has a population of 60.55 million with the capital of Rome. Located in the middle of Italy，Pisa is famous for its ancient buildings，one of which is the Leaning Tower.The world famous physicist Galileo was born in Pisa.He did the famous experiment from the Leaning Tower so that he could prove that objects of different weights fall down at the same speed.
谢 谢 观 看
