(共53张PPT)
Part Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
课时分层作业
04
[单元主题语境] 人与自然——自然灾害与防范
1．So far，the earthquake has killed about 100 people and has left about 30 injured.到目前为止，地震已造成大约100人遇难， 30人受伤。
2．Last week severe haze occurred in my hometown，making it too dark to see anything.上周我的家乡出现严重雾霾，使得天暗得看不见任何东西。
3．More people would have drowned if the rescue team had not come timely.如果救援队没有及时赶来，可能会有更多的人被淹死。
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．natural _______ 自然灾害
2．the coming _______ 即将到来的干旱
3．be destroyed by the _______ 被洪水冲毁
4．the _______ workers 救援人员
5．set up _______ 设立避难所
6．75 _______ of the city's factories and buildings 城市中75%的工厂和建筑物
7． _______ covering the ground 覆盖地面的砖块
8．useless pieces of _______ 一条条废钢
9．get water, food and _________ 获取水、食物和电
disaster
drought
flood
rescue
shelters
percent
bricks
metal
electricity
10．be _______ in traffic 被困在车流中
11． _______ the dead 将死者掩埋
12．the tireless _______ of the city's people 这个城市人民不懈的努力
13． _______ from terrible injuries 受重伤
trapped
bury
efforts
suffer
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1． ______ vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失→damaged adj.被损坏的→damaging adj.有破坏性的
2． ______ vt.摧毁；毁灭→destroyable adj.可毁灭的→destroyer n．驱逐舰；破坏者
3． ______ n．死；死亡→dead adj.无生命的；呆板的→dying adj.垂死的→deadly adj.致命的 adv.极其；非常
4． ______ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affective adj.情感的→affection n．喜爱；爱情
5． ______ n．避难所；居所 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避→sheltered adj.受保护的；有遮蔽物的
damage
destroy
death
affect
shelter
6． ______ vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的
7． ______ v．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→breath n．呼吸
8．______ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
9． _______ n．智慧；才智→wise adj.聪明的；有智慧的
10．______ vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．折磨；苦难
shock
breathe
revive
wisdom
suffer
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．as if ___________________
2．in ruins __________________
3．in shock _____________
4．set up _______
5．as usual _____________
6．come to the end _______
7．the number of _____________
8．dig out _______
9．a home to _____________
10．go through _______
似乎；好像；仿佛
严重受损；破败不堪
震惊；吃惊
建立
像往常一样
结束
……的数量
挖
……的家园
经历
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句型公式： too...to...太……以至于不能……
教材原句： Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
翻译：___________________________________________________
2．句型公式：as if ＝ as though “仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句
教材原句：It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
翻译：__________________
鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。
仿佛到了世界末日！
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文本结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The passage is mainly about ____________________________________.
a terrible earthquake happening in Tangshan
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
一、根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．Before the earthquake，people were asleep as usual because .
A．they didn't notice anything strange happening
B．they knew well about earthquakes
C．something strange happened in many places
D．they didn't realize the arrival of an earthquake
2．What does the sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again” mean
A．Those who were trapped were saved.
B．The army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
C．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.
D．The earthquake finally came to an end.
3．What can we infer from the text
A．The whole city was at an end.
B．The army's coming brought hope to the city.
C．People lost hope when faced with the terrible earthquake.
D．The signs before the earthquake weren't obvious at all.
4．What's the author's attitude to the earthquake
A．Calm but hopeless.
B．Sad and hopeless.
C．Serious but hopeful.
D．Angry but hopeful.
答案 1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C
二、根据课文内容选择最佳选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．were dead
B．were too nervous to eat
C．were not safe to cross
D．were hard to get
E．useless pieces of metal
F．were dead or injured
1．Chickens and even pigs .
2．Two thirds of the people who lived there .
3．Most bridges had fallen or .
4．Tens of thousands of cows，pigs and millions of chickens .
5．Water，food，and electricity .
答案 1.B 2.F 3.C 4.A 5.D
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
[句式分析] 本句是主从复合句。主句为one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，that引导的定语从句修饰先行词a quake，a quake与one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century是同位语。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
在这座城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最具破坏力的地震之一发生了，这次地震甚至给150公里以外的北京带来了破坏。
2．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
[句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。此句的主句为The number of people was more than 400，000。who were killed or badly injured in the quake为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 people。
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________
超过40万人在地震中受重伤或死亡。
3．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[句式分析] 本句主句为“the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan”； to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead为动词不定式作状语；who were trapped为定语从句修饰先行词those。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________
__________________________
很快，在地震发生后，部队派了15万名战士到唐山，将受困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋。
——阅读清障——
①northeastern adj.东北部的，来自东北部的
southwestern adj.西南部的，西南的
②well n．井
③rise vi.上升；起床
④crack/kr?k/ n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.使破裂
⑤smelly adj.有难闻气味的
⑥asleep adj.睡着的(为表语形容词)
fall asleep 睡着
⑦as usual 像通常一样
⑧shake v．(使)颤动，摇动
⑨come to an end 结束
⑩directly adv.恰好，正好地；径直；立即
deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 adv.极其，非常
more than 超过；不仅仅；非常
waterway n．水路，航道
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
ruin/?ru?In/ n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
the number of...……的数量
survivor n．幸存者；生还者
survival n．生存；幸存；存活
nothing but只有
destroyed/dI?str?Id/ vt.摧毁；毁灭
percent/p ?sent/ n．百分之……adj.& adv.每一百中
gone adj.不复存在；用完了；(人)离开了
21 brick/brIk/ n．砖；砖块
22 blow...away 把……吹走；把……驱散
23 railway track 铁路轨道
24 useless adj.没用的
25 metal/?metl/ n．金属
26 in shock 震惊；吃惊
shock/??k/ n．震惊，令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
27 fall down 倒塌；跌倒
28 electricity/I?lek?trIs ti/ n．电；电能
29 dig out 挖掘出；找出，发现
30 trap/tr?p/ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
be trapped in...被困在……中
31 bury/?beri/ vt.埋葬；安葬
be buried in...被埋于……里面；埋头于……
32 medical care 医疗护理
33 shelter/??elt (r)/ n．避难所；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽
vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
34 breathe/bri? / vi.& vt.呼吸
35 revive/rI?vaIv/ vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒
revival n．振兴；复苏
36 on one's feet 站着，站立
37 tireless adj.不知疲倦的，精力充沛的
tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的
38 effort/?ef t/ n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
39 home to……的家园
40 improvement n．改善，改进
41 prove vt.证明；证实
42 in times of...在……的时候
43 unify/?ju?nIfaI/ vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
44 wisdom/?wIzd m/ n．智慧；才智
45 rebuild vt.重建，重组
——教材原文——
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern① Hebei.For several days，the water in the village wells② rose③ and fell，rose and fell.[1]There were deep cracks④ that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly⑤ gas coming out of it.[2]Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat ，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.[3]Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 a.m.，on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the city's one million people were asleep⑥ as usual⑦ that night.
[1]此句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词cracks。
[2]此处为“too...to...” 结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
[3]此句为and连接的并列句。其中“looking for places to hide” 在此为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
At 3：42 a．m.，everything began to shake⑧.[4]It seemed as if the world were coming to an end⑨！[5]Eleven kilometres directly⑩ below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across houses，roads，and waterways .Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins .Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.[6]The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
[4]此句为主从复合句。本句中as if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气。
[5]此句为主从复合句。其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a quake。
[6]此句为主从复合句。 who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
[7]Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed .About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone .Bricks21 covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away22.[8]Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks23 were now useless24 pieces of metal25.Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shock26—and then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down27.Water，food，and electricity28 were hard to get.[9]People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
[7]此句为主从复合句。everywhere作连词，引导地点状语从句。
[8]此句为简单句。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
[9]此句为主从复合句。how在此作连接副词，引导宾语从句，同时作状语修饰形容词long。
But hope was not lost.[10]Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out29 those who were trapped30 and to bury31 the dead.More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care32.Workers built shelters33 for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train，truck，and plane.Slowly，the city began to breathe34 again.
[10]此句为主从复合句。本句中“to dig out...and to bury the dead”为两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语，其中who were trapped为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。
Tangshan started to revive35 itself and get back up on its feet36.With strong support from the government and the tireless37 efforts38 of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to39 more than seven million people，with great improvements40 in transportation，industry，and environment. [11]Tangshan city has proved41 to China and the rest of the world that in times of42 disaster，people must unify43 and show the wisdom44 to stay positive and rebuild45 for a brighter future.
[11]此句为主从复合句。that引导的宾语从句作prove的宾语；其中to stay positive为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰抽象名词wisdom。
——译文对释——
地球的一个不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连：一连几天，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。至少有一口水井的裂缝冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦虑不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所，鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传来巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。
在凌晨3：42分，所有东西开始摇晃。就像世界末日来了一样！在这座城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最具破坏力的地震之一发生了，这次地震甚至给150公里以外的北京带来了破坏。全国几乎三分之一的地方都有震感！一条8公里长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。石头山变成了泥沙河。在短短的1分钟内，一座城市变成了废墟。三分之二的居民或死或伤。数以千计的孩子成了孤儿。超过40万人在地震中受重伤或死亡。
幸存者目光所及之处，什么都没有，只剩一片废墟。城市里的东西几乎都被摧毁了。城市中75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园和所有的医院都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了、铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。数以万计的牛、几十万头猪、几百万只鸡都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，那天下午的晚些时候，又一次大地震震撼着唐山。更多的建筑物倒下了。水、食物和电都难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。
但是人们没有失去希望。很快，在地震发生后，部队派了15万名战士到唐山，将受困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋。超过1万名医生和护士赶往唐山提供医疗帮助。工人为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。几十万人得到了帮助。用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了水和食物。慢慢地，这座城市开始出现了生机。
这个城市开始自我重建，依靠自己的力量重新站起来。通过政府强有力的支持和人民不懈的努力，一个新的唐山重建在地震后的废墟上。这个新的城市成为了超过七百万人的家，并且在交通、工业和环境上有着极大的改善。唐山向中国和全世界的人证明了面对灾难，人们一定要团结一致、积极向上，用智慧重建更加美好的未来。
语言知识研磨
03
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
rescue sb./ sth.from... 把某人/某物从……中解救出来
come to/go to sb.'s rescue 来/去营救某人
rescue team/workers 救援队/人员
单句语法填空
①He rescued three children ______ the burning building.
②We came ____ his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
③I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas _______ (rescue) from starvation in the wild.
from
to
rescued
单句写作
④当事故发生时，救援人员没有放弃把他们从危险中营救出来的希望。
When the accident happened，_________________ didn't give up the hope of _____________________ .(读后续写之场景描写)
the rescue workers
rescuing them from danger
2．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
(1)damage one's health 损害某人的健康
(2)cause/do damage to... 对……造成损害
(3)damaged adj.被损坏的
damaging adj.有破坏性的
单句语法填空
①This could cause serious damage ___ the country's economy.
②Many houses _____________ (damage) by the earthquake.
③You'll have to pay for the damage ___ my kitchen.
单句写作
④他小心翼翼地拿着那台仪器，生怕它被损坏。
He handled the instrument with care for fear _________________ .
to
were damaged
to
it should be damaged
3．shelter n．避难所；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
take shelter from... 躲避……
shelter sb.from... 保护某人免受……
give sb.shelter 庇护某人
单句语法填空
①I was wrapped(包裹)heavily and well sheltered _______ the freezing and blowing weather.
②She encouraged a sense of community by creating _______ (shelter) and promoting education and services for people in need.
③People took shelter _______ the rain in the department store.
from
shelters
from
单句写作
④树给房子挡住了风。
Trees _________________________．(读后续写之环境描写)
shelter the house from the wind
4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
(1)be a shock to... 对……感到震惊
(2)shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的
单句语法填空
①We were all shocked _____ the news of her death.
②I was shocked ________(hear) that he had resigned.
③The news came as _____ shock to us all.
④All of the students in my class felt ________ (shock) at the ________ (shock) news.
at
to hear
a
shocked
shocking
单句写作
⑤我惊愕地盯着他看，不知道接下来做什么。
I ___________________ , unsure what to do next.(读后续写之神态描写)
【语境助记】
People were shocked to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The shocking news shocked all the people around，which was also a shock to her father who was working abroad.人们震惊地看到那个小女孩经常被她继母打。这个令人震惊的消息令周围所有的人都很震惊，也使她在国外工作的父亲感到震惊。
stared at him in shock
5．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
(1)be trapped in 困在……中； 陷在……中
trap sb.into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
(2)lay/set a trap for... 为……设下圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
单句语法填空
①If you choose this way，you're likely to fall into ____ trap.
②There was a power failure and they were trapped ____ the lift.
③By clever questioning they trapped him into ______ (tell)the truth.
a
in
telling
单句写作
④大楼着火了，许多人被困在里面。
The building caught fire and many people _____________it.
【语境助记】
The hunter set a trap and the rabbit was trapped in it.那个猎人设了一个圈套，那只野兔被困在里面了。
were trapped in
6．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
(1)breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
(2)breath n．呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
take a deep breath 深深吸一口气
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸；憋气
take one's breath away 令某人惊叹
be out of breath 喘不过气来
单句语法填空
①I saw him kicking his legs in the air and ________ (breath) heavily.
②Jack took ____ deep breath and then dived into the water.
breathing
a
③When we ________ (breath)，the air goes into our lungs.
④The performance left me ________ (breath) with excitement.
单句写作
⑤这条意想不到的消息使我震惊地屏住了呼吸。
The news was so unexpected that I _______________________.(读后续写之心理描写)
⑥他微笑着，深深吸一口气，准备好跑步。
He smiled, _________________ and got ready for the run.(读后续写之动作描写)
breathe
breathless
caught my breath from shock
took a deep breath
7．bury vt.埋藏；安葬
单句语法填空
①He felt lonely after he _______ (bury) his good friend.
②He was sitting with his head buried ____ a book.
③You will have to bury _______ (your)in your studies if you want to pass the exam.
buried
in
yourself
一句多译
④他埋头学习，没注意我进来。
→_______ in his study，he didn't notice me come in.
→_______ himself in his study，he didn't notice I came in.
→Because he _________in his study，he didn't notice I came in.
Buried
Burying
was buried
8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(1)suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒
(2)suffer pains/hardship 遭受痛苦/困苦
suffering n．苦难，痛苦
sufferer n．受难者
单句语法填空
①It was as a result of the accident that the company ________ (suffer) a great loss.
②She has been suffering ______ the loss of memory since she had that car accident.
③Recently his son's death brought him more ________ (suffer).
suffered
from
sufferings
单句写作
④一年多没有下雨， 这个城市正遭受着异常炎热的天气。
With no rains for over a year, the city _______________________________ .(读后续写之环境描写)
is suffering from unusually hot weather
9．too...to... 太……以至于不能……
(1)too...to... 与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
(2)too＋adj.(anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing，etc.) to do sth.(表示肯定意义)非常/很……做某
事单句语法填空
①I was ____ young to understand the meaning of the film.
②I'm too glad _____________ (admit) to a key university.
一句多译
③小男孩太小了不能去上学。
→The little boy is _____________ he can't go to school.
→The little boy is _____________ to school.
too
to be admitted
so young that
too young to go
10．as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句
as if引导状语从句时，根据表达的需要，从句可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。as if引导的从句的虚拟语气有以下三种情况
(1)从句谓语与主句谓语同时进行 一般过去时(系动词一般用were)
(2)从句谓语在主句谓语之前发生 过去完成时
(3)从句谓语在主句谓语之后发生 过去将来时(would＋do)
单句语法填空
①Boy as he is，he talks as if he _____ (be) an adult.(从句谓语与主句谓语同时进行)
②She talks about Hong Kong as though she ________(be) there before.(从句谓语在主句谓语之前发生)
③He talks gladly as though/if he ________ (be)our monitor.(从句谓语在主句谓语之后发生)
were
had been
would be
单句写作
④她匆忙地离开了房间，好像生气了。
She hurriedly leaves the room _______________________．(读后续写之心理描写)
【名师点拨】
as if/though引导的从句有时用省略形式。此时as if/though后常接名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。如：
Tom raised his hand as if (he was)to say something.汤姆举起手来好像要说什么。
He acted as if (he were) a fool.他做起事来像个傻瓜。
as though/if (she were)angry
课时分层作业
04
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共36张PPT)
Part Ⅲ Reading for Writing
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．after the ________ erupted 火山爆发后
2． ________ lots of information 提供大量信息
3．be destroyed by the ________ 被台风摧毁
4．be damaged by the ________ 被飓风破坏
5．tap on a _____ 轻敲管子
6．stay _____ 保持冷静
7．a first aid_____ 急救箱
8．call an _________ number 拨打紧急电话号码
9． ________ into a second truck 撞上了另一辆卡车
volcano
supply
typhoon
hurricane
pipe
calm
kit
emergency
crash
10．sweep away by huge ________ 被巨浪卷走
11． ________ around 7：00 a．m. 上午7点左右发生
12．deliver food and ________ 食物运送和物资补给
13．a short ________ 简短的总结
14．a ________ of 100 cm 长100厘米
waves
strike
supplies
summary
length
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．______ n．长度；长→lengthen v．加长→long adj.长的
2． ______ n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无能为力的；无权的
3． ______ vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
4． ______ vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
5． ______ n．结果；效力；影响→effective adj.有效的；有影响的
length
power
survive
erupt
effect
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．on hand______________
2．sweep away ______________
3．run to safety ______________
4．in the open air ______________
5．put up ______________
6．carry out___________
7．in danger___________
8．first of all_______
9．as many as_______
现有(尤指帮助)
消灭；彻底消除
跑到安全的地方
露天；在户外
搭建，举起，张贴
实施；执行
处境危险
首先
多达
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句型公式：v. ing结构作结果状语
教材原句：The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.
翻译： _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6 500多人死亡。
2．句型公式：be doing sth....when... 正在做某事这时……
教材原句：I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
翻译：__________________________________________________
3．句型公式：make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
教材原句：However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
翻译： ___________________________________________________________
当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，水开始灌入屋内。
然而，由于条件险恶和道路受阻，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文本结构理解
Paragraph 1 The serious 1.__________ to South Asia
Paragraph 2 The tsunami caused by an 2．__________ and its damage
Paragraph 3 The following 3. _______ and the 4. _______
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The passage is mainly about ___________________________________________．
damage
earthquake
effect
rescue
something about the most powerful tsunami in Asia
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．Where did the earthquake happen
A．Along the coastline across Asia.
B．Off the west coast of Sumatra Island.
C．On the southern coast of India.
D．In the southern Thailand.
2．When did the tsunami happen
A．Monday，December 28，2004.
B．Tuesday，December 27，2004.
C．Saturday，December 25，2004.
D．Sunday，December 26，2004.
3．Which is true according to the text
A．The tsunami was caused by the most powerful earthquake ever.
B．The earthquake struck right on Sumatra Island.
C．The southern coast of India was affected by the tsunami as well.
D．Foreign aid can't reach the damaged area because of the dangerous condition.
4．Where can this passage most probably be seen
A．A government website.
B．A daily newspaper.
C．A travel brochure.
D．A.monthly magazine
答案 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.
[句式分析] 此句为主从复合句。本句的主干为The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami；that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a tsunami；killing more than...other countries为现在分词短语作结果状语。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6 500多人死亡。
2．Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
[句式分析] 此句为主从复合句。caused by...a magnitude of 9.0为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词huge waves，与 cause之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；that reached a magnitude of 9.0为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 the strong earthquake。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________
______________________
渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被高达9.0级的强震所引发的巨浪卷走。
语言知识研磨
03
1．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 v．供应；供给
(1)in short supply短缺
have a good supply of备有许多
school/medical supplies学校用品/医疗用品
(2)supply sth.to sb.为某人提供某物
supply sb.with sth.为某人提供某物
单句语法填空
①Our task is ________ (supply) vegetables all the year round.
②Cows supply us______ milk.＝Cows supply milk ____ us.
③Gasoline has been____ short supply for the last few days.
to supply
with
to
in
一句多译
④我们给顾客提供免费备份服务。
→We ______ a free backup service ____ customers.＝We ______ customers ______ a free backup service.
→We ______ a free backup service ____ customers.
→We _______ a free backup service ____ customers.＝We _______ customers ______ a free backup service.
【易混辨析】
offer，provide，supply都表“提供；供应”
offer offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
offer to do sth.
provide provide sb. with sth. ＝provide sth. for sb.
supply supply sb. with sth. ＝supply sth. to sb.
supply
to
supply
with
offer
to
provide
for
provide
with
2.survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
(1)survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
A survive B (by...) A 比B活得长(……)
(2)survivor n．幸存者
(3)survival n．[U] 幸存；[C]残存物
单句语法填空
①She was the only one __________(survive) the crash.
②She will probably survive me _____ many years.
③I wonder how they can survive _____ such poor income.
④This is a story about growth and ________ (survive).
to survive
by
on
survival
单句写作
⑤约翰比他妻子多活了五年，在此期间他很孤独。
John ___________________________, during which time he was very lonely.(读后续写之情绪描写)
survived his wife by five years
3．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力v.驱动；推动
(1)come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政
in one's power 在某人的掌控中
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
do everything in my power＝do one's best
尽力而为；竭尽全力
(2)powerful adj.强大的；权力大的
(3)powerless adj.无能为力的
单句语法填空
① Not that I don't want to help you，but that is ________ my power to do so.
beyond
②Do everything in one's power ________ (help)my mother do some things，such as cleaning and cleaning up litter.
③They have a more ________ (power) effect on the feeling of a space.
单句写作
④如果我被接纳，我将尽力做一名出色的志愿者。
If accepted, I will _____________________________________________________
_________ to be an excellent volunteer.(应用文写作之申请信)
to help
powerful
do everything in my power/try my best/make every effort/spare
no effort
4．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.(使)平静；(使)镇定
(1)calm down 平静下来
calm sb.down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来
(2)keep calm 保持镇静
(3)calmness n．镇静；平静
(4)calmly adv.镇静地
单句语法填空
①Moved by what she said，he could hardly calm ______．
②The gunmen ______ (calm) walked away and escaped in a waiting car.
down
calmly
单句写作
③万幸的是，杰夫保持冷静，迅速关掉了煤气。
Thankfully, Jeff ____________________________ quickly.
④我慢慢平静下来，拥抱了他，告诉他我愿意帮助他克服困难。
I ______________________________ ，telling him that I would help him overcome his difficulty.(读后续写之动作描写)
【名师点拨】
calm，quiet，silent，still
calm 平静的，指(天气)无风的，(海洋)风平浪静的；(也指人)镇静的
quiet 安静的，指没有吵闹和骚乱的“静”；用于人时指性格温和的、稳重的
silent 沉默的，无声的，不说话的，侧重于不出声
still 静止的，不动的，寂静的，侧重于无声的，无行动的
stayed calm and turned off the gas
slowly calmed down and hugged him
5.aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
(1)first aid 急救
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
in aid of 为了援助
(2)aid sb.with sth. 以……帮助某人
aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
单句语法填空
①With the aid _____ our English teacher，we have made great progress this term.
②I'd be very grateful if you can aid me _____ my English.
③He aided the police _______ (find)the criminal.
of
with
to find
单句写作
④她把那个溺水的男子从水中拉上来，并给他施行了急救。
She pulled the drowning man from the water and ______________．(读后续写之行为描写)
gave him first aid
6．strike vi.&vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)be struck with/by 为……所袭击(感动)
It strikes me that...我觉得……； 我的印象是……
sth.strike sb. 某人突然想到……
(2)strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
(3)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
(4)strike v．打动；迷住；(钟)敲；突然想到
一词多义
写出下列句子中strike的词性及含义
①The clock has just struck 10._______
②It struck me that no one was at home. __________
③He struck the table a heavy blow angrily. _________
④The girl struck a match and lit a candle. _________
⑤She was struck by his kindness. _________
⑥They have been on strike for several days. _________
⑦A big earthquake struck the area last week. _________
单句写作
⑧我立刻想到了一个解决办法，这使我非常兴奋。
____________________________，which made me very excited.
vt.报时
vt.突然想起
vt.打；击
vt.划火柴
vt.打动
n.罢工
vt.袭击
A solution struck me immediately
7．effect n．影响；结果；效果
(1)have an effect/influence on/upon 对……产生影响
come/go into effect 生效
of no effect 没有效果的；没有影响的
(2)effective adj.有效的；有影响的
单句语法填空
①The rain had a very bad effect ____ the crops.
②New controls will come ______ effect next month.
③One of the most _________ (effect)ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
on
into
effective
单句写作
④阅读传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
Reading books of traditional culture can ___________________________．(应用文写作之介绍信)
have a good effect on the children
8.分词短语作结果状语
(1)现在分词作结果状语表示意料、情理之中的结果
(2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，常用“only＋不定式”的形式
单句语法填空
①Unfortunately，his father died，________ (leave) him a homeless boy.
②To begin with，a new stadium has been built up， ________ (become) the most beautiful building in our school.
③I arrived at the shop only ________ (find) I'd left all my money at home.
单句写作
④他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus ______________．(读后续写之情景描写)
leaving
becoming
to find
causing the delay
9．be doing ...when...正在做某事这时……
be doing...when... 意为“正在做……这时……”，在本句型中when不可换成while。另外，本句型中主句多为过去时。
其他相关句型有：
be on the point of doing...when... 刚要做……，就在这时……
be about to do...when... 正要做……，就在这时……
had just done...when... 刚做过……这时……
单句语法填空
①The professor had just finished his speech ______ students rushed out of the classroom.
②We ______________ (discuss) the problem when there was a power failure.
when
were discussing
单句写作
③我正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
I _____________________ the telephone rang.(读后续写之情景描写)
④我们刚开始工作，机器就坏了。
We ________________________ the machine broke down.(读后续写之情景描写)
⑤他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。
He ________________ there was a knock at the door.(读后续写之情景描写)
was about to go out when
had just begun to work when
was sleeping when
10．make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.
(1)该句型为“make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.”结构，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是for sb.to do sth.。
(2)当不定式短语或从句作宾语时，多用it作形式宾语，构成的句型有：
make＋it＋形容词/名词＋不定式
make＋it＋形容词/名词＋从句
make＋it＋no good/no use/no value...＋doing sth.
(3)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等
单句语法填空
①He made ____ clear that he was against the existing theory.
②People in the western countries make it a rule _______ (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
单句写作
③你在从事志愿者工作方面有丰富的经验，我认为你申请这个职位是个好主意。
You have much experience in voluntary work so that I ________________________
_____________ the position.(应用文写作之申请信)
④他的帮助使我有可能通过高考。
His help _________________________ the college entrance examination.
it
to buy
find it a good idea for you
to apply for
made it possible for me to pass
谢 谢 观 看(共18张PPT)
Part Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
文本
目
录
课时分层作业
CONTENTS
Ⅰ.语法图解
Ⅱ.自主领悟
观察下列句子的特征
1．(教材原句)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
2．(教材原句)Eleven kilometres directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake which/that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
3．(教材原句)Two thirds of the people who/that lived there were dead or injured.
4．(教材原句)The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
5．(教材原句)Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6．(教材原句)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
7．(教材原句)What kind of help do you think people who/that have suffered an earthquake need
归纳：
1．定语从句有三部分：先行词、关系词、从句。
2．关系代词that既可以指代人，也可以指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
3．关系代词which指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
4．关系代词whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。
5．关系代词who指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
6．关系代词whose既可以指代人，也可以指代物，在定语从句中作定语。
Ⅲ.要点精析
一、定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。
①The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。
②This is the best film (that) I have ever seen for years.这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影。
③China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
上面例句中的children，film和country都是被定语从句修饰的词，叫作先行词；其后的黑体部分是定语从句，其中who，that和which叫作关系代词。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，可以在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
①The number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100人。(作主语)
②The man (who/whom/that) we are talking about is an expert in IT. 我们正谈论的那个人是位信息技术专家。(作宾语)
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，或用作从句中介词的宾语，介词可位于whom之前，也可以位于句末。
①I'd really like to find a friend whom I can trust completely.我真的很想找一个可以完全信任的朋友。(作宾语)
②There are many people with whom you can share your feelings.有很多人，可以和你分享你的感受。(作宾语)
3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示所属关系，whose在定语从句中作定语，常与它所修饰的名词一起出现在从句的句首。
①This is the person whose story surprises everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。(修饰人)
②He lives in a house whose garden is attractive.他住在一个有着美丽的花园的房子里。(修饰物)
[即学即练1]
用适当的关系代词填空
①The girl ______ graduated from Cambridge University is positive about her future.
②A doctor ______ my father worked with last year has gone abroad.
③Any student ______ family is too poor to let him go to school can get help from the government.
who
whom
whose
4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，或在从句中作介词的宾语。先行词为表示事物或动物的名词或表示职业的名词。
①Everywhere I saw, there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。(作主语)
②The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她获得的那枚金牌已经被送给她的母校了。(作宾语)
③This is the house in which I once lived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾 语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。
①Yesterday I read an article that/which was about natural disasters.昨天我读到一篇关于自然灾害的文章。(指物， 作主语)
②Do you know the girl that/who is talking with our teacher？你认识正和我们老师说话的那个女孩吗？(指人， 作主语)
③The woman (that/who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得一枚金牌。(指人， 作宾语)
【温馨提示】
(1)关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[误] The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.
[正] The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.
(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。
①The young man was very happy to recover the gold ring (which) he had lost.那个年轻人找到了丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
②Is this the ship which is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow？这是明天开往上海的船吗？
[即学即练2]
用适当的关系代词填空
①Look, here are some people _______________ I want you to meet.
②Do you still remember the chicken farm __________ we visited three months ago
③The picture __________ was about the accident was terrible.
who/whom/that
that/which
which/that
三、关系词只用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或最高级时。
The first thing that you should do is to call the police at once.你应该做的第一件事就是马上报警。
This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
2．当先行词是all，any，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了。
3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
The only thing that I could do is to study for my goal. 我唯一能做的就是为我的目标而学习。
This is the very novel that I have been searching for.这就是我一直寻找的那本小说。
4．当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
She took photos of the persons and things that she was interested in.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄下来了。
5．关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。
[即学即练3]
用适当的关系代词填空
①This is the most beautiful park ______ I have visited.
②They are talking about the school and the teachers ______ they visited yesterday.
③This is the very hotel ______ I stayed at when I was travelling here.
④We often talk about the persons and things ______ we remember.
that
that
that
that
课时分层作业
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共15张PPT)
Part Ⅳ Writing
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
文本
目
录
课时分层作业
CONTENTS
[写作任务]
新闻报道的概要
新闻报道的概要写作考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在充分理解的基础上进行大意表达的能力。新闻报道是典型的应用文体裁。一般来说，新闻有六要素，即：人物(who)、事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why、有时可能没有)、过程(how)。
[写作实践]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A 7.1 magnitude quake toppled(使倒塌) houses and cut off power and first aid materials' supply in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
Rescuers have set up more than 40 tents for survivors in Gyegu Town, near the epicenter(震中)in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in southwestern Qinghai. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area populated by some 100，000 people. Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor(轻微地震). In the yard of Yushu's Sports Committee, nearly 1，000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in total darkness. Some wrapped themselves up in quilts(被子) taken out of the debris. Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles.
The National Meteorological Centre of CMA forecast on Wednesday that temperatures might hit minus 3 degrees Celsius at night and 15 degrees Celsius in the daytime in the coming days. The town will see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations.
The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing(随后的)landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines to enter the region. In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted(筋疲力尽的) working at a place with an altitude(海拔) of above 4，000 meters.
Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster relief materials and medicines to the quake hit town. The government, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region.
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[文本分析]
(一)语篇解读
主题语境：自然灾害与救助
语篇类型：新闻报道
文章大意：介绍了青海玉树地震发生后的灾民状况、天气条件以及救灾情况。
(二)段落主题
本篇文章为“总—分”结构，第一段概括陈述发生的事件，下面五段分别从几个方面详细阐述该事件。各段的主旨大意如下：
第一段：A 7.1 magnitude quake occurred in Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.
第二段：The survivors relied on the tents. But because there were not enough tents, many people sought temporary shelters or even sat or lay on the ground in darkness.
第三段：The weather will provide favorable conditions for rescue operations.
第四段：The damaged roads cause great difficulties for rescuers and machines to enter the region. The high altitude makes rescuers easily get exhausted.
第五段：A lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster relief materials are being sent to Yushu.
筛选、整合信息，转换表达
1．第一段的主旨大意可以概括为要点1。其中的occurred in可以转换表达为hit，表示“袭击”。
2．第二段的主旨大意可以概括为要点2。结合第二段的主旨大意来看，the survivors有三种状态，即relied on the tents，sought temporary shelters 和sat or lay on the ground in darkness，其中sat or lay on the ground in darkness即待在外面，用英文表述为stayed outdoors。because there were not enough tents是一个because引导的原因状语从句，可以转换表达为because of短语，not enough可以转换表达为limited，表示“有限的”。
3．第三段和第四段的主旨大意可以概括为要点3。第三段描述的是救援的有利因素，第四段描述的是救援的不利因素，重点是突出不利因素，所以有利因素可以用“介词despite＋宾语”来表示，不利因素有两个方面，即the damaged roads 和the high altitude ，这两个方面的不利因素对救援造成了很大的困难。
4．第五段的主旨大意可以概括为要点4。要点4是在陈述外界的帮助，所以可以用Luckily 与要点3衔接。
[连句成篇]
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______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】
A 7.1 magnitude quake hit Yushu, Qinghai Province on Wednesday.(要点1)The survivors relied on the tents, and because of the limited tents, many people sought temporary shelters or stayed outdoors.(要点2) Despite the favorable weather conditions, the damaged roads and the high altitude cause great difficulties for the rescue work.(要点3) Luckily, a lot of rescuers, medical staff and disaster relief materials are being sent to Yushu.(要点4)
[实战演练]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud.But this is no rain cloud.It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts (蝗虫) that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path.
And now in the battle to stop this disaster，a radio station in Senegal，West Africa，is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts.They think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts.
This is West Africa's biggest locust disaster in 15 years，and it is moving east，causing huge damage to crops.As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten (威胁) Sudan in the northeast of Africa.Some say it could reach Asia.
The harmful effect on crops in areas is already suffering from food shortage and the war could cause many people to go hungry.Governments in the areas are not well prepared to fight the locusts.
Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan，it is not expected to be enough.People are now treating 6，000 hectares (公顷) per day with pesticide (杀虫剂)，but actually，they need to treat 20，000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster.
Requests are being made for international aid，which is the only way to limit the disaster，and now rescue teams together with supplies of goods are coming from China and other countries.
______________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Parts of Africa are suffering from the biggest locust disaster in 15 years.(要点1) The damage to the crops is causing people to go hungry.(要点2) Governments and people are fighting against the locusts with difficulties.(要点3) Request for help has been sent out to different countries，while rescue teams and all kinds of goods are coming to disaster areas from China and other countries.(要点4)
课时分层作业
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看
