(共53张PPT)
Period 4
主题语境
人与自我—— 正确的人生态度
Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
(1)It's worthwhile doing/to do ... 做……是值得的
(2)worth adj． 有……价值；值……钱；值得
be worth＋n． 值得……；值……
be worth doing 某事值得被做
be worth it ……是值得的
(3)worthy adj． 值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
be worthy of＋n． 值得……
be worthy of being done/to be done 某事值得被做
1．worthwhile adj．重要的；值得做的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①It is worthwhile _________________ (spend) two hours reading the book．
②In my opinion, the film is well worth ______ (see)．
③帮助老人是一项很有意义的活动。
Helping old people is _____________________．
④这个建议值得考虑。
This suggestion is worthy ____________________________________．
spending/to spend
seeing
a worthwhile activity
to be considered/of being considered
⑤这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
a．__________________________________, because it is a great help
for your study．(worth)
b．_____________________________________________, because it is a great help for your study．(worthy)
c．____________________________________________, because it is a great help for your study．(worthwhile)
The reference book is worth buying
The reference book is worthy to be/of being bought
It is worthwhile buying/to buy the reference book
[名师点津] (1)worth常作表语，表示“值得的，有……价值的”，可用副词well来修饰。有时也可作定语。
(2)worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
(1)be enthusiastic about... 对……热心；热衷于……
be enthusiastic to do sth． 非常喜欢做某事
(2)enthusiasm n． 热情；热心
with enthusiasm 热情地
(3)enthusiastically adv． 热情地；热心地
2．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的；热情的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He waved us over to the tea display and talked ________________ (enthusiastic) about his stock．
②I'm sure it will appeal to you, for you've been enthusiastic _____ sports．
③她以前非常喜欢读她的小说。
She was very ____________________ the novels written by her．
④莉莉热情地咧嘴一笑，打开了门，兴奋地打了个招呼。
Lily grinned _______________ and opened the door with an excited greeting．
enthusiastically
about
enthusiastic to read
with enthusiasm
(1)be/feel upset over/about/at ... 对……感到不安/难过/心烦
be upset that ... 对……感到不安
be upset to do sth． 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)What upset(s) sb．is ... 让某人心烦的是……
It upset(s) sb．to do sth．/that ... 让某人心烦的是……
3．upset adj．心烦意乱的，烦恼的；不安的vt．使不安；使心烦；打乱
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①She's been very depressed and upset _____________ this whole situation．
②She was upset _______ (know) that her application for the position was refused．
③The other day, all my plans __________ (upset) by the sudden change of the weather．
④我最好的朋友说我要是为这事而沮丧难过就真够傻的。
My best friend tells me that __________________________________ this．
over/about/at
to know
were upset
I am silly to be upset over/about/at
⑤(普通表达)I didn't know how to get along with my roommates and that upset me．
a．(高级表达)I didn't know how to get along with my roommates, ______________．(定语从句)
b．(高级表达)________________ I didn't know how to get along with my roommates．(it作形式主语)
c．(高级表达)______________________ I didn't know how to get along with my roommates．(主语从句)
which upset me
It upset me that
What upset me was that
[名师点津] (1)upset作形容词时常用作表语，不作定语。
(2)upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其动词-ing形式为upsetting。
(1)be/get elected 当选
elect sb．(as/to be)＋职位 选举某人为……
elect sb．to sth． 选举某人加入……
elect to do sth． 选择做某事
(2)election n． 选举，推选
4．elect v．选举，推选；选择
[名师点津] 在“elect sb．(as/to be)＋职位”结构中，president，monitor，chairman，mayor，captain等表示独一无二的职位的名词前不加任何冠词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'll never forget being elected __ the student council．
②He elected _______ (take) early retirement instead of moving to the new location．
③If I am lucky enough to win the ________ (elect)，the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after-class activities．
④我非常精通英语，所以我被选为英语老师的助手。
I have such a good command of English that I _____________________
________________________________．
to
to take
election
am elected as/to be
assistant to my English teacher
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词或短语：suggest/finish/practise/avoid/miss/
enjoy/imagine/admit/consider(考虑)/escape/risk/mind/stand(忍受)/put off/give up/keep on/feel like/be used to(习惯于)/look forward to等。
Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day．
如果年轻人每天都听很吵的音乐，那么就会有失聪的危险。
It's quite hot today．Do you feel like going for a swim
今天太热了。你想去游泳吗？
[名师点津] (1)动词-ing形式也可以作形容词或介词的宾语，常见于下列句型中：
be worth doing...值得做……
What/How about doing...？做……怎么样？
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing...做……有困难
have fun (in) doing...做……很快乐
spend/waste time/money (in) doing...花费/浪费时间/金钱做……
There is no sense/point/use/good (in) doing...做……是没有意义/没有道理/没用/没好处的。
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students．
我以前从航海中获得的快乐与现在和学生在一起的工作所获得的快乐一样多。
(2)口诀巧记跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：
建议考虑坚持练(suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practise)，
允许想象弃冒险(permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk)。
阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent, resist, deny, escape)，
不禁介意保持完 (can't help, mind, keep, finish)。
耽误推迟求原谅 (delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse)，
承认错过欣喜欢(admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy)。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested ________ (watch) the documentary series The Last Dance．
②He has got used to ______ (live) in the countryside．
③I don't mind __________ (travel) by bus, but I hate ________ (stand) in queues．
watching
living
travelling
standing
④You keep _______ (hear) about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper．
⑤我们不允许在办公室吸烟。
We don't ______________ in the office．
⑥我从未梦想过去参观那个地方。
I have never dreamed of ___________________．
hearing
permit smoking
visiting that place
二、动词不定式作宾语
1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词：afford/agree/decide/determine/expect/
aim/hope/manage/refuse/want/wish/offer/promise/pretend/happen(碰巧)等。
Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel．
我们几乎花光了所有的钱，住不起旅馆了。
If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay where you are and wait for help．
如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好待在原地，等待帮助。
2．能跟“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词：show/understand/
tell/explain/teach/learn/know/ask/decide/wonder等。
He didn't know how to deal with the accident．
他不知道怎样处理这场事故。
[名师点津] (1)在某些动词后，如find/think/consider/feel/make/
believe，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。即“主语＋find/think/consider/feel/make/believe＋it＋adj．/n．＋to do sth．”。
We think it our duty to protect the environment．
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
(2)口诀巧记跟动词不定式作宾语的动词：
同意提出做计划 (agree, offer, intend, plan)，
要求答应来帮忙 (demand, promise, help)。
准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse)，
敢于选择有希望(choose, wish, hope, want, expect)。
恳求安排又威胁(beg, arrange, threaten)，
不能做到莫假装 (fail, pretend)。
声称目标不犹豫 (claim, aim, hesitate)，
设法做成决心强(manage, determine)。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rome can be pricey for travellers, which is why many choose _______ (stay) in a hostel．
②Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim _______ (have) a low impact on the natural environment．
③No matter how busy he is，he makes it a rule _______ (read) at least 20 minutes a day．
to stay
to have
to read
④As working from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding it easier __________ (combine) parenthood with a full-time career．
⑤这项研究表明，这些动物已经学会了如何在测试阶段将他们在训练中学到的关于人脸的知识应用到新面孔上。
The study showed the animals had figured out ____________ what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage．
to combine
how to apply
三、既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词
1．hate/like/love/prefer后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动时则多用不定式作宾语。begin/start/continue等后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，意义差别不大。
They prefer staying indoors when it is cold．
天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。
Would you prefer to stay at home or go to the movies with us this evening
今晚你想待在家里还是和我们一起去看电影呢？
Tom began learning/to learn how to use a computer．
汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。
2．有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，但是意义差别很大。
(1)try to do...(尽力做……)；try doing...(试着去做……)
(2)mean to do...(打算做……)；mean doing...(意味着做……)
(3)regret to do...(遗憾要去做……)；regret doing...(后悔做过……)
(4)remember to do...(记得去做……)；remember doing...(记得做过……)
(5)forget to do...(忘记去做……)；forget doing...(忘记做了……)
The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn't pass the exam, and Tom regretted not studying hard．
老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。
3．need/require/want/demand表示“需要”时，后面跟动词-ing形式，表示被动含义，可与不定式的被动形式(to be done)互换。deserve(值得；应该)也有此类用法。
The condition of this car is so serious．It really needs repairing/to be repaired before driving on the road again．
这辆车的状况是如此糟糕，它再次上路前确实需要维修一下。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①His wife doesn't allow _______ (smoke) inside the room but allows him to smoke outside．
②This is how they learn to make friends and to avoid _____ (do) things that hurt others．
③I don't like playing basketball, but I like _______ (play) basketball this afternoon．
smoking
doing
to play
④很遗憾，我不能加入你们。
I _____________ I won't be able to join you．
⑤我后悔没有接受你的建议。
I regret ___________________ your advice．
⑥These young trees require watering．
→These young trees require _____________．
regret to say
not having accepted
to be watered
短文语境填空
I'm fond of 1．_______ (keep)a diary in English to improve my English writing ability．My English teacher often suggests 2．________ (develop) the habit of thinking in English, so we stick to 3．__________ (practise) it, and gradually we learn how 4．____________ (express) ourselves in English．When keeping a diary in English, we certainly have difficulty in 5．_________ (find) appropriate words and phrases to
keeping
developing
practising
to express
finding
express our ideas and feelings．As far as I am concerned, I choose 6．_______ (have) a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach．Whenever something beats me, I enjoy 7．____________ (write) it down in my notebook and then 8．__________ (consult) my dictionary．Remember 9．_______ (turn) to English teachers for help, if necessary．In conclusion, I think it beneficial 10．_______ (keep) a diary in English for the development of our writing skills．
to have
writing
consulting
to turn
to keep
①be struck/stricken dumb/deaf/blind一时什么也说不出/听不见/看不见
②(be) appreciative of sth．感激某事，感谢某事
③now and then有时，偶尔，时常
④a long walk in the woods在树林里走了很长一段路
⑤in particular特殊的，专门的，具体的
⑥worthy of note值得注意的
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑦through mere touch仅凭触摸
⑧by sight通过观赏
⑨the outline of a face脸的轮廓
⑩the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit人类生命及心灵最深的航道
intoxicate one's eyes on sth．使某人的眼睛陶醉于某物
the pageant of man's progress人类进步的缤纷场景
probe into the soul of man探究人类的灵魂
(be)anxious to discover new delights渴望发现新的喜悦
go about继续做，忙于
close in on包围，逐渐接近，逼近
descend on/upon降临
give one hint to sb．给某人一个建议/提示
apply...to...把……应用到……
the mighty strains of an orchestra管弦乐队铿锵的旋律
with relish津津有味地
Three Days to See
I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf ① for a few days at some time during his early adult life．[1] Darkness would make him more appreciative of ② sight；silence would teach him the joys of sound．
[1]句中含有省略了that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。该从句中if...adult life是if从句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语是were stricken，对应的主句谓语是would be。
Now and then③ I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see．Recently，I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods④ what she had observed．“Nothing in particular⑤，”she replied．
How was it possible，I asked myself，to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note⑥？[2] I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch⑦．If I can get so much pleasure from touch，how much more beauty must be revealed by sight⑧？And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes，say for just three days．
[2]该句是特殊疑问句。it是形式主语，to walk...of note是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。I asked myself作插入语。
On the first day，I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living．I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”，the eye．[3] I can only “see” through my fingertips the outline of a face⑨．I should like to see the books which have been read to me，and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit⑩．In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of nature．That night，I should not be able to sleep．
[3]该句中，what引导宾语从句，在该从句中，what作表语，it是形式主语，to see into...eye是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。the eye是window of the soul的同位语。
On my second day，I should like to see the pageant of man's progress ，and I should go to the museums．I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art．The things I knew through touch I should now see．[4] The evening of my second day I should spend at a theater or at the movies．[5]
[4]和[5]分别把see的宾语the things I knew through touch和 spend的宾语the evening of my second day提到句首，以示强调。其中I knew through touch为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰the things。
The following morning，I should again greet the dawn，anxious to discover new delights ，new revelations of beauty [6]．Today I shall spend in the workaday world，amid the haunts of men going about the business of life．
[6]此处为形容词短语作状语。
At midnight permanent night would close in on me again．Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen．[7]
[7]该句使用了部分倒装结构。only when...me是“only＋时间状语从句”置于句首，此时主句要用部分倒装语序。
I who am blind can give one hint to those who see：Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind [8]．And the same method can be applied to the other senses．Hear the music of voices，the song of a bird，the mighty strains of an orchestra ，as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow [9]．Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail[10]．Smell the perfume of flowers，taste with relish each morsel，as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again[11]．But of all the senses，I am sure that sight must be the most delightful．
[8][9][10][11]均为as if引导的方式状语从句，表示对将来情况的假设，使用虚拟语气。
(Excerpts from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller)
假如给我三天光明
我常常想，如果每个人在青年时期都有一段时间失明和失聪，那会是一件幸事，因为黑暗会使人更加珍惜视力，静默能教人享受声音的美妙。
我时常测试我那些看得见的朋友，想了解他们看到了什么。最近，我问一个在林子里散步了许久的朋友看到了什么，她答道：“没什么特别的。”
我自问，在林子里散步一小时之久，怎么可能没看到任何值得注意的东西呢？我一个看不见的人，仅仅通过触觉，都会发现许许多多令我感兴趣的东西。如果说仅凭触觉就能得到这么多的快乐，那么视觉能展现多少美好的东西啊。我想象过，如果我能被恩赐恢复视觉，哪怕只有三天，我最希望看到什么。
第一天，我想见见身边的人，他们用善良、温柔和陪伴使我的生命变得有价值。我无法理解通过“心灵的窗户”——眼睛，看透一个朋友的内心是怎样的感觉。因为我只能通过我的指尖“看”到一张面孔的轮廓。我还要看书，那些别人读给我的书，那些为我揭示了人生和人类精神的深刻奥秘的书。到了下午，我要在树林中散步，让我的眼睛陶醉在大自然的美景中。这个夜晚，我将无法入睡。
第二天，我要了解人类发展的缤纷场景，我要去博物馆。我要通过艺术探究人类的灵魂。那些我之前通过触摸了解过的事物，我现在要亲眼看一看。而这一天的傍晚，我要在剧院或者电影院度过。
第三天清晨，我要再次迎接黎明，迫切地去探索更多愉悦，发现更多美好。这天我要过平凡的生活，到那些为生活忙碌的人常去的地方。
到了午夜，永夜将再次把我笼罩。只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
我，一个盲人，可以给看得见的人一个忠告：要像明天即将失明一样去使用你的眼睛。而这种方法也可以用在其他感官上：要像明天即将失聪一样，去仔细聆听音乐的旋律、鸟儿的歌唱、交响乐的震撼音符；要像明天即将失去触觉一样，去触摸你想感受的每一件物品；要像明天即将失去嗅觉和味觉一样，去细嗅花香、细品美食。但是，我敢肯定，在所有的感官中，视觉的享受一定是最令人愉悦的。
(节选自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》)Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．worthwhile adj．重要的；值得做的
(1)It's worthwhile doing/to do ．．． 做……是值得的
(2)worth adj． 有……价值；值……钱；值得
be worth＋n． 值得……；值……
be worth doing 某事值得被做
be worth it ……是值得的
(3)worthy adj． 值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
be worthy of＋n． 值得……
be worthy of being done/to be done 某事值得被做
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①It is worthwhile spending/to spend (spend) two hours reading the book．
②In my opinion, the film is well worth seeing (see)．
③帮助老人是一项很有意义的活动。
Helping old people is a worthwhile activity．
④这个建议值得考虑。
This suggestion is worthy to be considered/of being considered．
⑤这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
a．The reference book is worth buying, because it is a great help for your study．(worth)
b．The reference book is worthy to be/of being bought, because it is a great help for your study．(worthy)
c．It is worthwhile buying/to buy the reference book, because it is a great help for your study．(worthwhile)
[名师点津] (1)worth常作表语，表示“值得的，有……价值的”，可用副词well来修饰。有时也可作定语。
(2)worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
2．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的；热情的
(1)be enthusiastic about．．．对……热心；热衷于……
be enthusiastic to do sth． 非常喜欢做某事
(2)enthusiasm n． 热情；热心
with enthusiasm 热情地
(3)enthusiastically adv． 热情地；热心地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He waved us over to the tea display and talked enthusiastically (enthusiastic) about his stock．
②I'm sure it will appeal to you, for you've been enthusiastic about sports．
③她以前非常喜欢读她的小说。
She was very enthusiastic to read the novels written by her．
④莉莉热情地咧嘴一笑，打开了门，兴奋地打了个招呼。
Lily grinned with enthusiasm and opened the door with an excited greeting．
3．upset adj．心烦意乱的，烦恼的；不安的vt．使不安；使心烦；打乱
(1)be/feel upset over/about/at ．．． 对……感到不安/难过/心烦
be upset that ．．． 对……感到不安
be upset to do sth． 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)What upset(s) sb．is ．．． 让某人心烦的是……
It upset(s) sb．to do sth．/that ．．． 让某人心烦的是……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①She's been very depressed and upset over/about/at this whole situation．
②She was upset to know (know) that her application for the position was refused．
③The other day, all my plans were upset (upset) by the sudden change of the weather．
④我最好的朋友说我要是为这事而沮丧难过就真够傻的。
My best friend tells me that I am silly to be upset over/about/at this．
⑤(普通表达)I didn't know how to get along with my roommates and that upset me．
a．(高级表达)I didn't know how to get along with my roommates, which upset me．(定语从句)
b．(高级表达)It upset me that I didn't know how to get along with my roommates．(it作形式主语)
c．(高级表达)What upset me was that I didn't know how to get along with my roommates．(主语从句)
[名师点津] (1)upset作形容词时常用作表语，不作定语。
(2)upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其动词-ing形式为upsetting。
4．elect v．选举，推选；选择
(1)be/get elected 当选
elect sb．(as/to be)＋职位 选举某人为……
elect sb．to sth． 选举某人加入……
elect to do sth． 选择做某事
(2)election n． 选举，推选
[名师点津] 在“elect sb．(as/to be)＋职位”结构中，president，monitor，chairman，mayor，captain等表示独一无二的职位的名词前不加任何冠词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I'll never forget being elected to the student council．
②He elected to take (take) early retirement instead of moving to the new location．
③If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect)，the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after-class activities．
④我非常精通英语，所以我被选为英语老师的助手。
I have such a good command of English that I am elected as/to be assistant to my English teacher．
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的常见动词或短语：suggest/finish/practise/avoid/miss/
enjoy/imagine/admit/consider(考虑)/escape/risk/mind/stand(忍受)/put off/give up/keep on/feel like/be used to(习惯于)/look forward to等。
Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day．
如果年轻人每天都听很吵的音乐，那么就会有失聪的危险。
It's quite hot today．Do you feel like going for a swim
今天太热了。你想去游泳吗？
[名师点津] (1)动词-ing形式也可以作形容词或介词的宾语，常见于下列句型中：
be worth doing．．．值得做……
What/How about doing．．．？做……怎么样？
have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing．．．做……有困难
have fun (in) doing．．．做……很快乐
spend/waste time/money (in) doing．．．花费/浪费时间/金钱做……
There is no sense/point/use/good (in) doing．．．做……是没有意义/没有道理/没用/没好处的。
I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working with students．
我以前从航海中获得的快乐与现在和学生在一起的工作所获得的快乐一样多。
(2)口诀巧记跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：
建议考虑坚持练(suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practise)，
允许想象弃冒险(permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk)。
阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent, resist, deny, escape)，
不禁介意保持完 (can't help, mind, keep, finish)。
耽误推迟求原谅 (delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse)，
承认错过欣喜欢(admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy)。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching (watch) the documentary series The Last Dance．
②He has got used to living (live) in the countryside．
③I don't mind travelling (travel) by bus, but I hate standing (stand) in queues．
④You keep hearing (hear) about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper．
⑤我们不允许在办公室吸烟。
We don't permit smoking in the office．
⑥我从未梦想过去参观那个地方。
I have never dreamed of visiting that place．
二、动词不定式作宾语
1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词：afford/agree/decide/determine/expect/aim/hope/
manage/refuse/want/wish/offer/promise/pretend/happen(碰巧)等。
Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel．
我们几乎花光了所有的钱，住不起旅馆了。
If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay where you are and wait for help．
如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好待在原地，等待帮助。
2．能跟“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词：show/understand/tell/explain/
teach/learn/know/ask/decide/wonder等。
He didn't know how to deal with the accident．
他不知道怎样处理这场事故。
[名师点津] (1)在某些动词后，如find/think/consider/feel/make/believe，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。即“主语＋find/think/consider/feel/make/believe＋it＋adj．/n．＋to do sth．”。
We think it our duty to protect the environment．
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
(2)口诀巧记跟动词不定式作宾语的动词：
同意提出做计划 (agree, offer, intend, plan)，
要求答应来帮忙 (demand, promise, help)。
准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse)，
敢于选择有希望(choose, wish, hope, want, expect)。
恳求安排又威胁(beg, arrange, threaten)，
不能做到莫假装 (fail, pretend)。
声称目标不犹豫 (claim, aim, hesitate)，
设法做成决心强(manage, determine)。
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Rome can be pricey for travellers, which is why many choose to stay (stay) in a hostel．
②Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have (have) a low impact on the natural environment．
③No matter how busy he is，he makes it a rule to read (read) at least 20 minutes a day．
④As working from home becomes increasingly common, people are finding it easier to combine (combine) parenthood with a full-time career．
⑤这项研究表明，这些动物已经学会了如何在测试阶段将他们在训练中学到的关于人脸的知识应用到新面孔上。
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage．
三、既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词
1．hate/like/love/prefer后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动时则多用不定式作宾语。begin/start/continue等后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语，意义差别不大。
They prefer staying indoors when it is cold．
天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。
Would you prefer to stay at home or go to the movies with us this evening
今晚你想待在家里还是和我们一起去看电影呢？
Tom began learning/to learn how to use a computer．
汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。
2．有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，但是意义差别很大。
(1)try to do．．．(尽力做……)；try doing．．．(试着去做……)
(2)mean to do．．．(打算做……)；mean doing．．．(意味着做……)
(3)regret to do．．．(遗憾要去做……)；regret doing．．．(后悔做过……)
(4)remember to do．．．(记得去做……)；remember doing．．．(记得做过……)
(5)forget to do．．．(忘记去做……)；forget doing．．．(忘记做了……)
The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn't pass the exam, and Tom regretted not studying hard．
老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。
3．need/require/want/demand表示“需要”时，后面跟动词-ing形式，表示被动含义，可与不定式的被动形式(to be done)互换。deserve(值得；应该)也有此类用法。
The condition of this car is so serious．It really needs repairing/to be repaired before driving on the road again．
这辆车的状况是如此糟糕，它再次上路前确实需要维修一下。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①His wife doesn't allow smoking (smoke) inside the room but allows him to smoke outside．
②This is how they learn to make friends and to avoid doing (do) things that hurt others．
③I don't like playing basketball, but I like to play (play) basketball this afternoon．
④很遗憾，我不能加入你们。
I regret to say I won't be able to join you．
⑤我后悔没有接受你的建议。
I regret not having accepted your advice．
⑥These young trees require watering．
→These young trees require to be watered．
短文语境填空
I'm fond of 1．keeping (keep)a diary in English to improve my English writing ability．My English teacher often suggests 2．developing (develop) the habit of thinking in English, so we stick to 3．practising (practise) it, and gradually we learn how 4．to express (express) ourselves in English．When keeping a diary in English, we certainly have difficulty in 5．finding (find) appropriate words and phrases to express our ideas and feelings．As far as I am concerned, I choose 6．to have (have) a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach．Whenever something beats me, I enjoy 7．writing (write) it down in my notebook and then 8．consulting (consult) my dictionary．Remember 9．to turn (turn) to English teachers for help, if necessary．In conclusion, I think it beneficial 10．to keep (keep) a diary in English for the development of our writing skills．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①be struck/stricken dumb/deaf/blind一时什么也说不出/听不见/看不见
②(be) appreciative of sth．感激某事，感谢某事
③now and then有时，偶尔，时常
④a long walk in the woods在树林里走了很长一段路
⑤in particular特殊的，专门的，具体的
⑥worthy of note值得注意的
⑦through mere touch仅凭触摸
⑧by sight通过观赏
⑨the outline of a face脸的轮廓
⑩the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit人类生命及心灵最深的航道
intoxicate one's eyes on sth．使某人的眼睛陶醉于某物
the pageant of man's progress人类进步的缤纷场景
probe into the soul of man探究人类的灵魂
(be)anxious to discover new delights渴望发现新的喜悦
go about继续做，忙于
close in on包围，逐渐接近，逼近
descend on/upon降临
give one hint to sb．给某人一个建议/提示
apply．．．to．．．把……应用到……
the mighty strains of an orchestra管弦乐队铿锵的旋律
with relish津津有味地
Three Days to See
I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf① for a few days at some time during his early adult life．[1] Darkness would make him more appreciative of② sight；silence would teach him the joys of sound．
[1]句中含有省略了that的宾语从句，作thought的宾语。该从句中if．．．adult life是if从句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语是were stricken，对应的主句谓语是would be。
Now and then③ I have tested my seeing friends to discover what they see．Recently，I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods④ what she had observed．“Nothing in particular⑤，”she replied．
How was it possible，I asked myself，to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note⑥？[2] I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me through mere touch⑦．If I can get so much pleasure from touch，how much more beauty must be revealed by sight⑧？And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes，say for just three days．
[2]该句是特殊疑问句。it是形式主语，to walk．．．of note是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。I asked myself作插入语。
On the first day，I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living．I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”，the eye．[3] I can only “see” through my fingertips the outline of a face⑨．I should like to see the books which have been read to me，and which have revealed to me the deepest channels of human life and the human spirit⑩．In the afternoon I should take a long walk in the woods and intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of the world of nature．That night，I should not be able to sleep．
[3]该句中，what引导宾语从句，在该从句中，what作表语，it是形式主语，to see into．．．eye是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。the eye是window of the soul的同位语。
On my second day，I should like to see the pageant of man's progress ，and I should go to the museums．I should try to probe into the soul of man through his art．The things I knew through touch I should now see．[4] The evening of my second day I should spend at a theater or at the movies．[5]
[4]和[5]分别把see的宾语the things I knew through touch和 spend的宾语the evening of my second day提到句首，以示强调。其中I knew through touch为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰the things。
The following morning，I should again greet the dawn，anxious to discover new delights ，new revelations of beauty [6]．Today I shall spend in the workaday world，amid the haunts of men going about the business of life．
[6]此处为形容词短语作状语。
At midnight permanent night would close in on me again．Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen．[7]
[7]该句使用了部分倒装结构。only when．．．me是“only＋时间状语从句”置于句首，此时主句要用部分倒装语序。
I who am blind can give one hint to those who see：Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind [8]．And the same method can be applied to the other senses．Hear the music of voices，the song of a bird，the mighty strains of an orchestra ，as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow [9]．Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail[10]．Smell the perfume of flowers，taste with relish each morsel，as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again[11]．But of all the senses，I am sure that sight must be the most delightful．
[8][9][10][11]均为as if引导的方式状语从句，表示对将来情况的假设，使用虚拟语气。
(Excerpts from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller)
假如给我三天光明
我常常想，如果每个人在青年时期都有一段时间失明和失聪，那会是一件幸事，因为黑暗会使人更加珍惜视力，静默能教人享受声音的美妙。
我时常测试我那些看得见的朋友，想了解他们看到了什么。最近，我问一个在林子里散步了许久的朋友看到了什么，她答道：“没什么特别的。”
我自问，在林子里散步一小时之久，怎么可能没看到任何值得注意的东西呢？我一个看不见的人，仅仅通过触觉，都会发现许许多多令我感兴趣的东西。如果说仅凭触觉就能得到这么多的快乐，那么视觉能展现多少美好的东西啊。我想象过，如果我能被恩赐恢复视觉，哪怕只有三天，我最希望看到什么。
第一天，我想见见身边的人，他们用善良、温柔和陪伴使我的生命变得有价值。我无法理解通过“心灵的窗户”——眼睛，看透一个朋友的内心是怎样的感觉。因为我只能通过我的指尖“看”到一张面孔的轮廓。我还要看书，那些别人读给我的书，那些为我揭示了人生和人类精神的深刻奥秘的书。到了下午，我要在树林中散步，让我的眼睛陶醉在大自然的美景中。这个夜晚，我将无法入睡。
第二天，我要了解人类发展的缤纷场景，我要去博物馆。我要通过艺术探究人类的灵魂。那些我之前通过触摸了解过的事物，我现在要亲眼看一看。而这一天的傍晚，我要在剧院或者电影院度过。
第三天清晨，我要再次迎接黎明，迫切地去探索更多愉悦，发现更多美好。这天我要过平凡的生活，到那些为生活忙碌的人常去的地方。
到了午夜，永夜将再次把我笼罩。只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
我，一个盲人，可以给看得见的人一个忠告：要像明天即将失明一样去使用你的眼睛。而这种方法也可以用在其他感官上：要像明天即将失聪一样，去仔细聆听音乐的旋律、鸟儿的歌唱、交响乐的震撼音符；要像明天即将失去触觉一样，去触摸你想感受的每一件物品；要像明天即将失去嗅觉和味觉一样，去细嗅花香、细品美食。但是，我敢肯定，在所有的感官中，视觉的享受一定是最令人愉悦的。
(节选自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》)
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