Period 3 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．association n．协会，社团；联系，联想
(1)in association with ．．． 与……合伙/合作
(2)associate v． 联想；联系；交往
adj． 副的
associate．．．with．．． 把……和……联系在一起；
由……联想到……
be associated with ．．． 和……有关
associate with sb． 与某人交往或常打交道
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Never associate with bad companions．
②In the children's minds，summer is associated (associate) with picnics．
③We are working in association (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless．
④The first step to making friends is associating (associate) with other people．
⑤(普通表达)He was associated with the murder，so he was arrested．
(高级表达)Associated with the murder，he was arrested．(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
2．attach vt．附上，系上，贴上；重视
(1)attach ．．．to ．．． 把……附在……上，把……固定到……上
attach oneself to sb． 和……在一起，缠着
attach importance/significance to ．．． 认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj． (作表语)依恋的；所附的
be attached to 附属于；依恋
(3)attachment n． (用电子邮件发送的)附件，附属物；
依恋；拥护
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She is admitted to the high school which is attached to Peking University．
②This research centre attached(attach) to the university is in the charge of Mr Smith．
③He attached himself (he) to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him．
④说实在的，许多年轻人把名和利看得很重。
To be honest，a lot of young people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous．
⑤这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。
The old man is very attached to old customs and habits．
3．give way 倒塌，向下垮；让路
give way to 给……让路；被……代替
give back 归还；使恢复
give in (to) 屈服；让步
give up 放弃
give out 分发；用完；耗尽；发出
give off 发出，放出(气味、光等)
give away 暴露(自己的情况)；赠送；泄露(秘密)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He gave away all his books to the children in the mountains．
②After a month their food supplies gave out．
③He is such a determined person that he will never give way to any difficulties．
④This overpass might give way during an earthquake．
⑤My family insisted that I should not give in/up, but stay and fight．
⑥勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。
Do not do evil things though they may be insignificant．Do not give up good things though they may be minor matters．
⑦他应该让位于更年轻、更有决断力的领导者。
He should give way to a younger, more decisive leader．
4．sharpen v．使提高，使改进；(使)变得锋利，变得清晰；加强，加重；使尖锐；使明朗
(1)sharpen up (使)提高，改善
(2)sharp adj． 敏锐的；锋利的；(变化)急剧的；
猛烈的；响亮的；严厉的
adv． (指时刻)整；向左/右急转
be sharp with sb． 对某人严厉
(3)sharply adv． 急剧地；严厉地；鲜明地，明显地
sharpener n． 磨具
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said sharply (sharp)，“Don't be so mean，”pointing a finger of warning at her．
②Memories can be destroyed if the brain doesn't have enough rests to sharpen (sharp) them．
③The boss can be very sharp with people when she's busy．
④比赛之前他需要进一步提高自己。
He needs to sharpen up before the match．
⑤我希望这门课程能帮助我提高电脑操作技能。
I hope this course will help me sharpen my computer skill．
5．follow in one's footsteps仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业
follow the crowd 随大流
follow one's example 效仿某人的做法
as follows 如下；如下所述(通常作表语)
follow one's order 服从某人的命令
follow one's advice 听从某人的建议
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The main points of the plan are as follows．
②He followed in his brother's footsteps and became a lawyer．
③If he had followed (follow) my advice，he wouldn't have lost his job．
④做你自己的事情，不要盲从大众。
Do your own thing, don't just follow the crowd．
⑤他继承父亲的事业，管理着公司。
He took charge of the company，following in his father's footsteps．
6．carry on继续；坚持
carry on (with/doing) sth． 继续(做)某事
carry out 实行，执行
carry away 拿走；被吸引(迷住)；带走；冲走
carry off 成功地对付；赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry through 成功完成；履行(承诺)；使渡过难关
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He carried on the business after his father's death．
②You'll have an accident if you carry on driving (drive) like that．
③His courage and determination carried him through at the time．
④It was a difficult project，but we carried it off/through well．
⑤他们决心执行这个计划，并做了周密的准备。
Determined to carry out the plan，they made very careful preparations．
⑥迈克在比赛中表现得很完美，并获得了两枚金牌。
Mike behaved perfectly in the game and he carried off two gold medals．
7．expectation n．预料，预期
(1)out of/beyond one's expectations 超出某人的预期
come to/live up to/meet (one's) expectations
不负(某人的)期望
(2)expect v． 预料；期待；期望；认为
expect (sb．) to do sth． 期待(某人)做某事
(3)expected adj． 预料的，预期的
as expected 按计划进行，不出所料
(4)unexpected adj． 出乎意料的，始料不及的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I expect my brother to take(take) part in this project．
②Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach a compromise between parents' expectations (expect) and their kids' desire．
③He offered to undertake the task to expect to obtain (obtain) his boss's appreciation．
④The exams are likely to work out as expected (expect)and my dream to be admitted to my favourite university will come true．
⑤我决心全力以赴不辜负父母的期望。
I'm determined to go all out to come to/live up to/meet my parents' expectations．
⑥它的价格远远超出我们的预期。
Its price is far beyond our expectations．
1．too ．．．to do sth．“太……而不能做某事”
(教材P35)Despite his father's successful career，Stephen was thought by many people，including his high school teammates and coaches，to be too short，too thin and too weak to follow in his father's footsteps．
尽管父亲的职业生涯很成功，但是斯蒂芬的高中队友和教练等很多人都认为他太矮太瘦弱，无法延续他父亲的荣耀。
[句式分析] too ．．．to do sth．“太……而不能做某事”，是一个表示否定意义的句型。
It's never too late to learn．Each individual has the right to accept more challenges and make more attempts．
学习永远为时不晚。每个人都有权利去接受更多的挑战，做更多的尝试。
(1)某些形容词与too ．．．to ．．．句型连用时，too (＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
(2)如在too前加上only，but，all或simply等时，表示肯定意义。
(3)“too ．．．to ．．．”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①Hearing the shocking news，I was too shocked to say (say) a word．
②They seemed to be too nervous and they were too anxious to leave (leave) as soon as possible．
③对于许多学生来说，这样的负担太沉重了，让人难以承受。
For many students such burden would be too heavy to bear．
④因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以在做决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。
One can't be too careful in making the decision as it is such a critical case．
⑤Li Hua was too absorbed in his study to hear the noise outside．
→Li Hua was so absorbed in his study that he couldn't hear the noise outside．(用so ．．．that ．．．改写)
[名师点津] too ．．．to结构表示否定意义时，可以用not ．．．enough to和so ．．．that句式改写。
2．过去分词短语作状语
(教材P36)Selected for the NBA in 2009，Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors．
2009年，斯蒂芬入选NBA，加入了金州勇士队。
[句式分析] Selected for the NBA in 2009是过去分词短语作状语，表示时间。
Buried in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left．
他埋头看书，没有注意到其他人都走了。
(1)过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作，表示时间、原因、让步等。
(2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
(3)过去分词作状语可转换为状语从句。
(4)过去分词可放在句子前作句首状语，后面用逗号与句子隔开；也可放在句子后面，前面用逗号与句子隔开。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①Deeply moved (move) by the movie，the children began to cry．
②She walked out of the house，followed (follow) by her little daughter．
③How amazing! Seen (see)from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion．
④Given another hour，I can also work out this problem．
如果再给一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
⑤(普通表达)As the boy was blamed by his teacher，he was in low spirits these days．
(高级表达)Blamed by his teacher，the boy was in low spirits these days．(过去分词作状语)
3．动词-ing形式短语作状语
(教材P36)Inspiring others to believe in themselves，Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become．
斯蒂芬·库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。
[句式分析] Inspiring others to believe in themselves为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
I am writing the email, hoping to inform you of some relevant details．
我正在写这封邮件，希望能告知你一些相关的细节。
(1)动词-ing形式短语作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果等，相当于相应的状语从句；表示伴随情况，相当于一个并列分句。
(2)动词-ing的一般式(doing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生。
(3)动词-ing的完成式(having done)表示该动作在句子谓语动作之前发生。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①He came running (run) back to tell me the news．
②Being (be) too old，he couldn't walk that far．
③My cousin came to see me from the countryside，bringing (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits．
④尽管被告诉了很多次，但他仍然犯相同的错误。
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake．
⑤Hearing the bad news，he burst into tears．
→When he heard the bad news，he burst into tears．(从句作状语)
⑥If you work hard，you'll surely succeed．
→Working hard，you'll surely succeed．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
4．同位语从句
(教材P36)Inspiring others to believe in themselves，Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become．
斯蒂芬·库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。
[句式分析] that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become 是一个同位语从句，作proof 的同位语。
I'm delighted to tell you the news that we are having a picnic tomorrow．
我很高兴地告诉你们一个好消息，我们明天要去野餐了。
(1)that引导同位语从句，对被修饰词进行解释说明，that仅起连接的作用，无意义，但不能省略。whether可引导同位语从句，意为“是否”，但if不可以引导同位语从句。
(2)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact，news，word，hope，idea，doubt，thought等。
(3)在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议、要求、命令”的词后，同位语从句的谓语动词通常为should＋动词原形，其中should可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet．
②The news that he has been elected president of the country is true．
③All of us know the truth that the world is made of matter．
④He made a suggestion that they (should) hold (hold) an English speech contest．
⑤We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation．
⑥毫无疑问，乒乓球被认为是中国的国球。
There is no doubt that table tennis is regarded as the National Ball of China．
⑦我坚信，它已经给了许多人生活和学习的动力。
I hold the firm belief that it has given many others the motivation of life and study．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．People are beginning to attach much more importance to their health these days than ever before．
2．College graduation brings both the satisfaction of academic achievement and the expectation (expect) of a well-paid job．
3．Their lives are a far cry from his own poor childhood．
4．I have no association (associate) with others in the group．
5．We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions．
6．When I arrived，he had set out to do (do) some cooking in the kitchen．
7．The smog is expected to hit (hit) many parts of North and East China．
8．Lost (lose) in thought，he almost ran into a car．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他在这个领域成功了，这超出了我们的预料。(expectation)
He succeeded in this field and it was beyond our expectations．
2．这道题太难了，我做不出来。(too ．．．to ．．．)
The problem is too difficult for me to work out．
3．尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。(过去分词短语作状语)
Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties．
4．她得正视她的生活已永远改变了这一事实。(同位语从句)
She had to face the fact that her life had changed forever．
5．在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Stephen Curry，the son of the famous basketball star Dell Curry，spent his childhood years 1．playing (play) on a muddy basketball court，whose basket was built by his grandfather by attaching a piece of plastic 2．to a telephone pole．The poor 3．conditions (condition) helped him develop his own playing style．He learnt to be creative and flexible as a player．Shooting with great 4．accuracy (accurate) was another thing he learnt．5．Practising (practise) day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills．Despite this，it seemed unlikely to many people that Stephen would be a great basketball player like his father，6．as he was too short，too thin and too weak．Nevertheless，he refused to give up and ended up 7．playing (play) college ball for Davidson College．His 8．creativity (creative) and perseverance made him Davidson's star player．In 2009，he joined the Golden State Warriors．He performed 9．beyond everyone's expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts．In 2015，he led the Warriors to their first NBA championship since 1975．Stephen 10．achieved (achieve) his dream through self-belief，hard work，perseverance and some help from an old hoop．
课时分层作业(七)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The ground still smelled of rain and we drove along a muddy (泥泞的) lane to reach the farmhouse．
2．He expected that everyone would burst out laughing when he finished his joke, but beyond his expectations (期待)，nobody laughed．
3．The basketball hoop was beyond (超出) my reach，which made me disappointed．
4．He studied philosophy (哲学) and psychology at Cambridge．
5．The ball bounced (弹起)twice before he could reach it．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．She stayed after school to work on a special project three days in a row．
2．When you join a main road, remember to give way to vehicles which are already on it．
3．And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association (associate)．
4．If you try to do too many things at once you will end up achieving (achieve) nothing．
5．He carried on working (work) over 20 hours a day last week, so he broke down and was in hospital．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
Ole Miss is the state's largest university and is ranked among the nation's fastest-growing institutions．Journey farther and challenge yourself with the University of Mississippi Pre-College Programs to discover your interest，gain real college experiences，and make life-changing friendships．
Certified educational professionals and University of Mississippi instructors help with student-driven explorations of environmental science，engineering，and more．Financial aid is available for students with academic talent and financial need．
What draw teens to our program
Students from all over the US and all over the world join us every summer to：
·Explore interest in the sciences，arts，and humanities that might one day lead to careers．
·Challenge themselves academically in the company of talented peers and instructors．
·Learn how to fit into college life on the University of Mississippi's beautiful campus near the historic town of Oxford，Mississippi．
·Become eligible(符合条件的)for select scholarships to the University of Mississippi，available only to Pre-College Program participants．
What type of teen attends our program
Participants are those who will go to college soon．They all share a love of learning and a desire to acquire experience in studying at a top national university．
What's a typical day like
Schedules change with the program theme and type，but all days end with community activities led by undergraduate peer advisors．For Summer College participants，weekend trips include visits to Memphis，Birmingham，and Atlanta．
What should participants expect to learn from our program
Students will leave with greater confidence in their ability to navigate(指引方向) college and a stronger sense of where their talents might lead them．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了密西西比大学暑期预科项目的相关内容。
1．What can participants do in the program
A．Apply for financial aid．
B．Choose their career．
C．Find their interest．
D．Meet old friends．
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“．．．to discover your interest，gain real college experiences．．．”可知，参与者在这个预科项目中可以找到自己的兴趣。]
2．What is the necessary condition of winning select scholarships
A．Doing well in study．
B．Coming from the US．
C．Joining in the program．
D．Participating in after-school activities．
C [细节理解题。根据What draw teens to our program？部分中的“Become eligible for select scholarships．．．available only to Pre-College Program participants．”可知，获得优等奖学金的必要条件是参加这个预科项目。]
3．What will the participants gain from the program
A．They'll become more competitive．
B．They'll know themselves better．
C．They'll realize their life goals．
D．They'll become fast learners．
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Students will leave with．．．a stronger sense of where their talents might lead them．”可推断，参加完本项目后，参与者能对自己有更好的了解。]
B
The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896．A Frenchman, Baron de Coubertin, born in 1863, made it possible．When he was young, Coubertin had a strong interest in sports．As he grew older, he developed a belief that sports could bring people from all over the world together and encourage peace throughout the world．
Coubertin was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games．In order to persuade people to revive (使复兴) them, he traveled around the world, spending his own money．Eventually，with his hard work，in 1894，the Olympic Movement was begun．
But women were not allowed to take part in the modern Olympic Games at first．They didn't begin to compete in the modern Olympic Games until 1900．For many years there were problems for the women athletes about what to wear, because it was considered very rude to show any part of the body or even the shape of the body！Can you imagine women trying to run and jump covered from head to foot in clothes
When Baron de Coubertin founded the Olympic Movement, he created the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to supervise (监管) it in 1894．He himself served as its president for 29 years．There were at first 14 members，but the committee has now grown to over 130 members, all of whom must speak either French or English．
Members of the IOC choose the next venue for the Olympic Games，which must be a city rather than a country．Only one city from each country can bid (投标) and it usually takes many years to prepare, and of course only one city can be successful!
Each country has its own National Olympic Committee(NOC)．The NOCs represent their countries at the Olympic Games and select their own national teams．
The gold medals were solid gold until 1912，but now they are silver covered with a thin layer of gold．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。现代奥运会起始于1896年，顾拜旦是奥林匹克运动的复兴者。现在让我们来了解一下现代奥运会吧。
4．Coubertin wanted to revive the Olympic Games probably because ．
A．he was crazy about competing in some sports
B．he wanted to be remembered by people through it
C．he thought such events could make Athens famous
D．he thought such events could promote world peace
D [推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，顾拜旦复兴奥运会是因为他认为这样的活动可以促进世界和平。]
5．What problem did women athletes face when competing in the Olympic Games at first
A．They didn't want to show any body part．
B．They had difficulty in wearing properly．
C．They didn't have enough free time to exercise．
D．They were hardly able to afford the sports clothes．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For many years there were problems for the women athletes about what to wear, because it was considered very rude to show any part of the body or even the shape of the body！”可知，刚开始时，女运动员参加奥运会会面临着装方面的难题。]
6．The underlined word “venue” in paragraph 5 probably means “ ”．
A．place B．time
C．president D．medal
A [词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“which must be a city rather than a country”可知，这里是指举办奥运会的“地点”。]
7．What's the author's purpose in writing this passage
A．To introduce Baron de Coubertin to us．
B．To encourage us to watch the Olympic Games．
C．To help us know about the modern Olympic Games．
D．To describe the origin of the National Olympic Committee．
C [写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了与现代奥运会相关的一些信息，帮助我们了解现代奥运会。]
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
The Growing Popularity of Cycling
They say once you learn how to ride a bike，you never forget．Most of us learnt when we were kids，and many still strap(系好)on our helmets，put our feet on the pedals，and shoot off for a ride around the streets．In recent times，cycling has seen a boost in popularity． 1
First，let's look at the health benefits．Cycling can improve your cardiovascular(心血管的)health and burn excess body fat．Strengthening your leg muscles helps to increase your speed． 2 A long ride in the countryside could help you to clear your mind，or destress．But it's not only about your body and mind—there are also some plus sides for your wallet's health．
Cycling can be a great way to commute(通勤)or get about town． 3 If you do drive into work，sometimes finding somewhere to park can be a nightmare，whereas finding somewhere to chain your bike up can be much simpler．Then，on the train，there are changes at stations and other commuters speaking loudly on their phones to deal with．And if you're worried about safety，there are designated cycle lanes in many major cities．Wearing high-visibility clothing is another way to improve your safety when cycling on the roads．
4 It can help you to reduce your carbon footprint．Not pumping out fumes into the atmosphere is better for the planet and your own environment．
So，whether people want to cycle for their health，getting about town，their wallet，the environment，or a combination of all of them— 5
A．The popularity of cycling is on the rise．
B．By cycling，you save money on fuel or train fares．
C．Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment．
D．Cycling except for transport，also can be used for fitness．
E．And cycling's benefits aren't just physical，but mental as well．
F．What makes it so appealing to people to straddle their bikes once again
G．I feel very relaxed by cycling，but the body was able to quickly reach the amount of exercise!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了骑自行车有诸多好处，所以该运动越来越受欢迎。
1．F [上文“In recent times，cycling has seen a boost in popularity．”提到最近，骑自行车越来越受欢迎。而下文则介绍了骑自行车的好处。所以空处应该引出下文骑自行车的好处。选项F“What makes it so appealing to people to straddle their bikes once again？(是什么原因让人们再次骑自行车？)”既承接上文说明人们开始骑自行车，又引出下文骑自行车的好处，承上启下。故选F。]
2．E [上文“Cycling can improve your cardiovascular health and burn excess body fat．Strengthening your leg muscles helps to increase your speed．”提到的是骑自行车对身体的好处；而下文“A long ride in the countryside could help you to clear your mind，or destress．”讲述的是骑自行车带来的心理上的好处。选项E“And cycling's benefits aren't just physical，but mental as well．(骑车不仅对身体有好处，对心理也有好处。)”承上启下，与上下文内容一致。故选E。]
3．B [根据段首句“Cycling can be a great way to commute or get about town．”可知，本段主要讲述的是骑自行车上班是一种很好的方式。选项B“By cycling，you save money on fuel or train fares．(骑自行车可以省油钱或火车票钱。)”也是骑车上班的好处，与下文内容一致。故选B。]
4．C [空处为段首句，为本段中心句。下文“It can help you to reduce your carbon footprint．”讲述的是骑自行车对环境好。选项C“Finally，cycling can also be good for the environment．(最后，骑自行车对环境也有好处。)”与下文内容一致。故选C。]
5．A [上文“So，whether people want to cycle for their health，getting about town，their wallet，the environment，or a combination of all of them”说了无论骑行的目的是什么，下文应该是结果。选项A“The popularity of cycling is on the rise．(骑自行车的人越来越多。)”与上文内容一致。故选A。]
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共40张PPT)
Period 3
Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger
主题语境
人与社会—— 体育精神
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
(1)in association with ... 与……合伙/合作
(2)associate v． 联想；联系；交往
adj． 副的
associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起； 由……联想到……
be associated with ... 和……有关
associate with sb． 与某人交往或常打交道
1．association n．协会，社团；联系，联想
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①Never associate ____ bad companions．
②In the children's minds，summer is __________ (associate) with picnics．
③We are working in ___________ (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless．
④The first step to making friends is ___________ (associate) with other people．
⑤(普通表达)He was associated with the murder，so he was arrested．
(高级表达)__________________________，he was arrested．(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
with
associated
association
associating
Associated with the murder
(1)attach ...to ... 把……附在……上，把……固定到……上
attach oneself to sb． 和……在一起，缠着
attach importance/significance to ...
认为……重要/有意义
(2)attached adj． (作表语)依恋的；所附的
be attached to 附属于；依恋
(3)attachment n． (用电子邮件发送的)附件，附属物； 依恋；拥护
2．attach vt．附上，系上，贴上；重视
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She is admitted to the high school which is attached __ Peking University．
②This research centre ________(attach) to the university is in the charge of Mr Smith．
③He attached_________(he) to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him．
to
attached
himself
④说实在的，许多年轻人把名和利看得很重。
To be honest，a lot of young people __________________________ becoming rich and famous．
⑤这个老人非常依恋旧的风俗习惯。
The old man ___________________ old customs and habits．
attach great importance to
is very attached to
give way to 给……让路；被……代替
give back 归还；使恢复
give in (to) 屈服；让步
give up 放弃
give out 分发；用完；耗尽；发出
give off 发出，放出(气味、光等)
give away 暴露(自己的情况)；赠送；泄露(秘密)
3．give way 倒塌，向下垮；让路
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He gave _____ all his books to the children in the mountains．
②After a month their food supplies gave ___．
③He is such a determined person that he will never give way __ any difficulties．
④This overpass might give ___ during an earthquake．
⑤My family insisted that I should not give _____, but stay and fight．
away
out
to
way
in/up
⑥勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。
Do not do evil things though they may be insignificant．Do not ___________________ though they may be minor matters．
⑦他应该让位于更年轻、更有决断力的领导者。
He should ____________a younger, more decisive leader．
give up good things
give way to
(1)sharpen up (使)提高，改善
(2)sharp adj． 敏锐的；锋利的；(变化)急剧的；
猛烈的；响亮的；严厉的
adv． (指时刻)整；向左/右急转
be sharp with sb． 对某人严厉
(3)sharply adv． 急剧地；严厉地；鲜明地，明显地
sharpener n． 磨具
4．sharpen v．使提高，使改进；(使)变得锋利，变得清晰；加强，加重；使尖锐；使明朗
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _______ (sharp)，“Don't be so mean，”pointing a finger of warning at her．
②Memories can be destroyed if the brain doesn't have enough rests to _______ (sharp) them．
③The boss can be very sharp ____ people when she's busy．
④比赛之前他需要进一步提高自己。
He needs to __________ before the match．
⑤我希望这门课程能帮助我提高电脑操作技能。
I hope this course will help me__________________________．
sharply
sharpen
with
sharpen up
sharpen my computer skill
follow the crowd 随大流
follow one's example 效仿某人的做法
as follows 如下；如下所述(通常作表语)
follow one's order 服从某人的命令
follow one's advice 听从某人的建议
5．follow in one's footsteps仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The main points of the plan are __ follows．
②He followed __ his brother's footsteps and became a lawyer．
③If he __________(follow) my advice，he wouldn't have lost his job．
④做你自己的事情，不要盲从大众。
Do your own thing, don't just ________________．
⑤他继承父亲的事业，管理着公司。
He took charge of the company，_____________________________．
as
in
had followed
follow the crowd
following in his father's footsteps
carry on (with/doing) sth． 继续(做)某事
carry out 实行，执行
carry away 拿走；被吸引(迷住)；带走；冲走
carry off 成功地对付；赢得；获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry through 成功完成；履行(承诺)；使渡过难关
6．carry on继续；坚持
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He carried __ the business after his father's death．
②You'll have an accident if you carry on _______ (drive) like that．
③His courage and determination carried him _______ at the time．
④It was a difficult project，but we carried it ___________ well．
⑤他们决心执行这个计划，并做了周密的准备。
Determined to ________________，they made very careful preparations．
⑥迈克在比赛中表现得很完美，并获得了两枚金牌。
Mike behaved perfectly in the game and he _________________________．
on
driving
through
off/through
carry out the plan
carried off two gold medals
(1)out of/beyond one's expectations 超出某人的预期
come to/live up to/meet (one's) expectations
不负(某人的)期望
(2)expect v． 预料；期待；期望；认为
expect (sb．) to do sth． 期待(某人)做某事
(3)expected adj． 预料的，预期的
as expected 按计划进行，不出所料
(4)unexpected adj． 出乎意料的，始料不及的
7．expectation n．预料，预期
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I expect my brother _______(take) part in this project．
②Sometimes it is a bit challenging to reach a compromise between parents' ____________ (expect) and their kids' desire．
③He offered to undertake the task to expect _________ (obtain) his boss's appreciation．
④The exams are likely to work out as ________ (expect)and my dream to be admitted to my favourite university will come true．
to take
expectations
to obtain
expected
⑤我决心全力以赴不辜负父母的期望。
I'm determined to go all out to _________________________________
_________________．
⑥它的价格远远超出我们的预期。
Its price is far _______________________．
come to/live up to/meet my parents'
expectations
beyond our expectations
(教材P35)Despite his father's successful career，Stephen was thought by many people，including his high school teammates and coaches，to be too short，too thin and too weak to follow in his father's footsteps．
尽管父亲的职业生涯很成功，但是斯蒂芬的高中队友和教练等很多人都认为他太矮太瘦弱，无法延续他父亲的荣耀。
1．too ...to do sth．“太……而不能做某事”
[句式分析] too ...to do sth．“太……而不能做某事”，是一个表示否定意义的句型。
It's never too late to learn．Each individual has the right to accept more challenges and make more attempts．
学习永远为时不晚。每个人都有权利去接受更多的挑战，做更多的尝试。
(1)某些形容词与too ...to ...句型连用时，too (＝very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。
(2)如在too前加上only，but，all或simply等时，表示肯定意义。
(3)“too ...to ...”结构和never，not等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①Hearing the shocking news，I was too shocked ______ (say) a word．
②They seemed to be too nervous and they were too anxious_________ (leave) as soon as possible．
③对于许多学生来说，这样的负担太沉重了，让人难以承受。
For many students such burden would be _________________．
to say
to leave
too heavy to bear
④因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以在做决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。
One ____________________ in making the decision as it is such a critical case．
⑤Li Hua was too absorbed in his study to hear the noise outside．
→Li Hua was ______________________________________ the noise outside．(用so ...that ...改写)
[名师点津] too ...to结构表示否定意义时，可以用not ...enough to和so ...that句式改写。
can't be too careful
so absorbed in his study that he couldn't hear
(教材P36)Selected for the NBA in 2009，Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors．
2009年，斯蒂芬入选NBA，加入了金州勇士队。
2．过去分词短语作状语
[句式分析] Selected for the NBA in 2009是过去分词短语作状语，表示时间。
Buried in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left．
他埋头看书，没有注意到其他人都走了。
(1)过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作，表示时间、原因、让步等。
(2)过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
(3)过去分词作状语可转换为状语从句。
(4)过去分词可放在句子前作句首状语，后面用逗号与句子隔开；也可放在句子后面，前面用逗号与句子隔开。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①Deeply ______ (move) by the movie，the children began to cry．
②She walked out of the house，__________ (follow) by her little daughter．
③How amazing! _____ (see)from a distance, the mountain looked like a lion．
moved
followed
Seen
④__________________，I can also work out this problem．
如果再给一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
⑤(普通表达)As the boy was blamed by his teacher，he was in low spirits these days．
(高级表达)_____________________，the boy was in low spirits these days．(过去分词作状语)
Given another hour
Blamed by his teacher
(教材P36)Inspiring others to believe in themselves，Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become．
斯蒂芬·库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。
3．动词-ing形式短语作状语
[句式分析] Inspiring others to believe in themselves为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
I am writing the email, hoping to inform you of some relevant details．
我正在写这封邮件，希望能告知你一些相关的细节。
(1)动词-ing形式短语作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果等，相当于相应的状语从句；表示伴随情况，相当于一个并列分句。
(2)动词-ing的一般式(doing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动作同时发生或在其后发生。
(3)动词-ing的完成式(having done)表示该动作在句子谓语动作之前发生。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①He came _______ (run) back to tell me the news．
②_____ (be) too old，he couldn't walk that far．
③My cousin came to see me from the countryside，________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits．
④尽管被告诉了很多次，但他仍然犯相同的错误。
___________________________，he still repeated the same mistake．
running
Being
bringing
Having been told many times
⑤Hearing the bad news，he burst into tears．
→__________________________，he burst into tears．(从句作状语)
⑥If you work hard，you'll surely succeed．
→____________，you'll surely succeed．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
When he heard the bad news
Working hard
(教材P36)Inspiring others to believe in themselves，Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become．
斯蒂芬·库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。
4．同位语从句
[句式分析] that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become 是一个同位语从句，作proof 的同位语。
I'm delighted to tell you the news that we are having a picnic tomorrow．
我很高兴地告诉你们一个好消息，我们明天要去野餐了。
(1)that引导同位语从句，对被修饰词进行解释说明，that仅起连接的作用，无意义，但不能省略。whether可引导同位语从句，意为“是否”，但if不可以引导同位语从句。
(2)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact，news，word，hope，idea，doubt，thought等。
(3)在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议、要求、命令”的词后，同位语从句的谓语动词通常为should＋动词原形，其中should可以省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The question _______ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet．
②The news ____ he has been elected president of the country is true．
③All of us know the truth ____ the world is made of matter．
④He made a suggestion that they _____________ (hold) an English speech contest．
⑤We haven't yet settled the question _____ we are going to spend our summer vacation．
whether
that
that
(should) hold
where
⑥毫无疑问，乒乓球被认为是中国的国球。
____________________ table tennis is regarded as the National Ball of China．
⑦我坚信，它已经给了许多人生活和学习的动力。
_______________________ it has given many others the motivation of life and study．
There is no doubt that
I hold the firm belief that
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．People are beginning to attach much more importance___ their health these days than ever before．
2．College graduation brings both the satisfaction of academic achievement and the ___________ (expect) of a well-paid job．
3．Their lives are a far cry ____ his own poor childhood．
4．I have no ___________ (associate) with others in the group．
to
expectation
from
association
5．We must carry __ till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions．
6．When I arrived，he had set out ________ (do) some cooking in the kitchen．
7．The smog is expected _______(hit) many parts of North and East China．
8．____ (lose) in thought，he almost ran into a car．
on
to do
to hit
Lost
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他在这个领域成功了，这超出了我们的预料。(expectation)
He succeeded in this field and it ___________________________．
2．这道题太难了，我做不出来。(too ...to ...)
The problem is ___ difficult for me _______ out．
was beyond our expectations
too
to work
3．尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。(过去分词短语作状语)
_________________________，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties．
4．她得正视她的生活已永远改变了这一事实。(同位语从句)
She had to face the fact _________________________________．
5．在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
____________________, we looked for somewhere to have dinner．
Encouraged by his parents
that her life had changed forever
Having found a hotel
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Stephen Curry，the son of the famous basketball star Dell Curry，spent his childhood years 1．_______ (play) on a muddy basketball court，whose basket was built by his grandfather by attaching a piece of plastic 2．__ a telephone pole．The poor 3．___________(condition) helped him develop his own playing style．He learnt to be creative and flexible as a player．Shooting with great 4．________ (accurate) was another thing he learnt．5．__________ (practise) day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills．Despite this，it seemed unlikely to many people that Stephen would be a great basketball player like his father，6．____ he was too
playing
to
conditions
accuracy
Practising
as
short，too thin and too weak．Nevertheless，he refused to give up and ended up 7．_______ (play) college ball for Davidson College．His 8．__________
(creative) and perseverance made him Davidson's star player．In 2009，he joined the Golden State Warriors．He performed 9．__________ everyone's expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts．In 2015，he led the Warriors to their first NBA championship since 1975．Stephen 10．_________ (achieve) his dream through self-belief，hard work，perseverance and some help from an old hoop．
playing
creativity
beyond
achieved
