Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．trend n．趋势，动向，倾向
the trend towards．．． ……的倾向
start/set a new trend of．．． 开创……的新潮流
follow the trend 赶时髦，跟随时尚
reverse a/the trend 使趋势逆转，扭转趋势
on trend 流行的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There has been a trend towards hiring younger，cheaper employees．
②Her long skirt is right on trend this winter．
③这部电影开创了动作影片的新潮流。
This film started/set a new trend of action movies．
④提早退休者有增加的趋势。
There is a growing trend towards earlier retirement．
2．promote v．增进，促进；提升；宣传，推广，推销 (商品等)
(1)promote sb．(from sth．) to sth． 把某人 (从某职位)提升到某职位
be promoted to．．． 被提升为……
(2)promotion n． 提升，晋级，促进
get/win/gain (a) promotion 得到晋升
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I wanted to know when he was promoted to the present position．
②While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted/promotion(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty．
③Her promotion (promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise．
④定期锻炼能促进你的健康。
Taking regular exercise can promote your health．
⑤该项目多年来一直促进中国文化的传播。
The project has promoted the spread of Chinese culture for years．
3．contrast n．反差，对比 v．使成对比，对照，形成对照
(1)by/in contrast 相比之下
in contrast with/to．．． 与……形成对比(对照)；与……相反
make a contrast with 与……形成对比
(2)contrast．．．with．．． 把……和……相对比
contrast with．．． 与……形成对比
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①His actions contrast sharply with his promises．
②By/In contrast，Mrs Yang was much more easy-going．
③Mary was short and fat，in contrast to/with her mother who was tall and slim．
④与传统的4G相比，5G具有更快的数据传输速度、更低的延迟和更强的移动性。
5G has faster data transmission, lower delay and stronger mobility in contrast with/to the conventional 4G．
⑤相比之下，人工智能正以惊人的速度发展。
By/In contrast, artificial intelligence is evolving at an incredibly fast rate．
4．determined adj．坚决的，坚定的
(1)be determined to do sth． 决心做某事
(2)determine v． (使)下决心，(使)做出决定
determine on/upon (doing) sth． 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth． 决心做某事
(3)determination n． 决心；决定
[名师点津] 高考中常把determined to do sth．作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation．
②She determined to work (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time．
③We exchanged a determined (determine) look, then ploughed on at an incredible speed．
④Jane determined to find him, so she started to look for the lake in the darkness．
→Determined to find him, Jane started to look for the lake in the darkness．(用动词-ed形式短语作状语改写)
not until的强调句
(教材P54)It wasn't until we went on a trip to The Hague last year that this dream came true!
直到我们去年去海牙旅游，这个梦想才实现！
[句式分析] 本句为not until的强调句型。
It was so cold and it was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came back．
昨晚很冷，直到12点钟我父亲才到家。
(1)“not．．．until．．．”句式，意为“直到……才……”。
(2)not until句型的强调句需要把not until全放到被强调部分，其结构为“It is/was not until．．．＋that．．．”。
(3)not until的倒装结构：Not until＋状语/状语从句＋部分倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①I didn't really realize the value of friends until I left my hometown．
②Not until he informed me of the meeting was (be) I aware that I had not prepared for my proposal．
③It was not until he told me that I knew it．
④(普通表达)He didn't realize the importance of English until he went abroad．
a．(高级表达)Not until he went abroad did he realize the importance of English．(倒装句)
b．(高级表达)It was not until he went abroad that he realized the importance of English．(强调句)
非谓语动词作表语
一、动词不定式(短语)作表语
1．不定式作表语时表示预定将要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。
You must speak out, if we are to remain friends．
如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。
2．当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future．
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
3．动词不定式有时还可以放在seem, appear, prove等系动词后作表语。
He seemed not to notice the man next to him．
他似乎没有注意到他旁边的那个人。
4．不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do，does，did或不定式to do，作表语的不定式常省略to。
What I want to do most in senior high is improve my English．
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
[名师点津]
(1)在what引导的主语从句中，如do用于完成时态，可以用带to 和不带to 的不定式作表语； 也可以用动词-ed形式作表语。
What he has done is (to) spoil/spoilt the whole thing．
他所做的是要把整个事情毁掉。
(2)在what引导的主语从句中，如do用于进行时态，作表语的动词要用动词-ing形式。
What he is doing is spoiling the whole thing．
他正在做的是把整个事情毁掉。
[即时训练1] 完成句子
①他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边，翻阅乐谱。
His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score．
②你想要成功，就必须有耐心和毅力。
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed．
③她将来照料这些孩子。
She is to look after the children．
④我们要做的就是完成最后一点工作。
What we have to do is (to) finish the last bit of work．
⑤这次活动的目的是为医疗用品筹集资金。
The purpose of the occasion was to raise money for medical supplies．
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语时，多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，句子主语常是无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job．
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
What I hate most is being laughed at in public．
＝Being laughed at in public is what I hate most．
我最痛恨的就是在公共场合被别人嘲笑。
2．一些貌似动词-ing 形式的词已经形容词化了，作表语时具有形容词的性质，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式，说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，它们有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing．
这个论点很令人信服。
His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure．
他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很大的乐趣。
[名师点津]
不定式作表语和动词-ing形式作表语的区别：
不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象性的动作，不指某一次。
His job is to paint the walls．
他的工作是粉刷这些墙壁。
(不定式短语to paint the walls作表语，表示一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。)
His job is teaching English．
他的工作是教英语。
( 动词-ing形式短语 teaching English作表语，表示一般性的、抽象性的动作，不指某一次。)
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Travelling is interesting (interest) but tiring, too．
②More than half of Australian homes are still choosing (choose)to stick with their home phone．
③What we expect from you is working (work) hard rather than hardly working．
④他们的工作是制造轮椅。
Their job is making wheelchairs．
⑤他的习惯是晚饭后遛狗。
His habit is walking the dog after supper．
⑥帮助别人就是帮助你自己。
Helping others is helping yourself．
三、动词-ed形式作表语
1．动词-ed形式作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
The door is locked．
门是锁着的。
2．作表语并且形式上为动词-ed形式的词，有不少已经形容词化，它们可以被副词修饰，可用于比较结构。常见的有：amazed，amused，astonished，bored，broken，closed，decided，delighted，devoted，known等。
When we heard of it，we were deeply moved．
听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。
Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys．
最后婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。
3．动词-ed形式作表语时与被动语态的区别
动词-ed形式作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。试比较：
The book is well written．
这本书写得好。
The book was written by a worker．
这本书是一位工人写的。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①The pupils will get confused (confuse)if they are made to learn too much．
②I was extremely inspired (inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded．
③She felt satisfied (satisfy) with her performance on the high-and-low bars．
④I felt bored (bore)．No energy, no motivation and zero fulfillment (满足感)．
⑤My wife was delighted (delight) that things had returned to normal once more．
短文语境填空
In a small town, a young man seemed very 1．depressed (depress), because his father wanted him to make a decision on his future career．The young man's wish was 2．to become (become) a skillful worker．However, his father was very 3．disappointed (disappoint)．The father's hope was 4．to develop (develop) his son into a famous doctor．In his eyes, the doctor's job is 5．saving (save) people's life．The father was old and he was not 6．to be (be) a doctor, so he tried to persuade his son to do that．After half a year, the young man finally agreed that he would be a doctor, because he had realized that being a doctor was 7．inspiring (inspire)．
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①sth．comes to one's mind某人想到了某物
②a dancing pattern of lights灯光舞动形成的图案
③light up点燃；容光焕发；照亮
④interact with与……互动
⑤a variety of tools and technologies各种各样的工具和技术
⑥be labelled as．．．被称为……，被贴上……标签
⑦rather than而不是
⑧lead to导致；通向
⑨as a result结果，因此
⑩be accessible to．．．为……所接触/使用/了解
take．．．for example以……为例
queue up to six hours排长达六个小时的队
take in去看，观看(电影等)
a digital version of this painting这幅画的数字版本
three-dimensional (3D) animation 3D动画
from daylight into nighttime从白天到夜晚
exciting new art forms令人兴奋的新的艺术形式
raise questions over its overall quality引发对其整体质量的质疑
(be)played in slow motion以慢镜头播放
(be)unfamiliar with．．．对……不熟悉
for sure确实；毫无疑问地
ART & TECHNOLOGY
Think“art”．What comes to your mind①？Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre，or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum？Or maybe，just maybe，it's a dancing pattern of lights②？
The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up③ at night．Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it，they could also interact with④ it—literally．They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns．Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting，but are they really art
Whatever your opinion [1]，people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years．To do this，they have used a variety of tools and technologies⑤．Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as⑥ “artists”rather than⑦ “technicians”．This means that art and technology have always been seen as two very separate things．
[1]Whatever your opinion为状语从句的省略，补充完整为Whatever your opinion is。
Today，however，technological advances have led to⑧ a combination of art and technology．As a result⑨，the art world is changing greatly．Now art is more accessible to⑩ us than ever before．Take for example one of China's most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty，Along the River During the Qingming Festival．As this artwork is rarely on display [2]，people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it．Once in front of the painting [3]，they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing．Thanks to technology however，millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting ．Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings．They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime [4]．
[2]此处为as引导的原因状语从句。
[3]此处为once引导的时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为once they are in front of the painting。
[4]此处为as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
The art-tech combination is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”．Not only can we interact with art，but also take part in its creation．[5]With new technological tools at our fingertips，more and more people are exploring their creative sides．The result has been exciting new art forms ，such as digital paintings and videos．
[5]当not only．．．but(also)．．．连接句子且not only放在句首时，not only后的句子用部分倒装，but(also)后的句子不用倒装。
However，the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions over its overall quality ．Can a video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really be called “art”？[6]
[6]本句中slicing a tomato为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰someone；played in slow motion为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰a video。
Similarly，such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct．Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists' tools really call themselves an “artist”？ And is the artist the creator of the art itself，or the maker of the technology behind it A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes [7]．The end result，printed in 3D，was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist's death．[8] These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art．
[7]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰 先 行词the same way。
[8]本句中printed in 3D和created 347 years．．．death 均为动词-ed形式短语作定语，分别修饰The end result和Rembrandt painting。
Where technology will take art next[9] is anyone's guess．But one thing is for sure —with so many artists exploring new possibilities[10]，we can definitely expect the unexpected．
[9]此处为where引导的主语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
[10]此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，动词-ing形式作宾补。
艺术与科技
说到“艺术”，你会想到什么？是卢浮宫里希腊或罗马的雕塑？抑或是故宫博物院里中国的名画？又也许，仅仅是也许，是一片舞动的光影？
美国艺术家珍妮特·艾克曼创作了一系列艺术品，晚上将其点亮时，它们就像七彩浮云。其中在温哥华展出的那一件，人们不仅可以欣赏，甚至可以与之互动。人们可以通过操作自己的手机改变它的颜色和图案。像这样的展览品，毋庸置疑，是新潮的激动人心之作。然而，这些真的可以算是艺术吗？
无论你的看法如何，人们数千年来一直在用艺术表达自己的思想和理念。为此，人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。然而，米开朗琪罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“能工巧匠”。这就意味着艺术和科技一直被看作两个截然不同的领域。
然而如今，科技的进步使得艺术与之结合，并且极大地改变着艺术世界。现在，我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。例如，中国宋朝的传世名画之一《清明上河图》，因其极少被展出，人们有时要排队等上六个小时才有机会一睹其容。即使面对画卷，由于这幅画卷长达五米，人们也只有有限的时间来欣赏画面上汴京汴河沿岸的景色。然而，在科技的帮助下，已经有数百万人得以观摩这幅画作的数字化版本了。利用3D动画技术，观赏者可以看到画中的人物四处走动并与周围事物互动。他们甚至还可以看到从白天到夜晚画中不同场景的变化。
艺术与科技的结合同样改变着我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”这两个概念的理解。我们不仅可以与艺术作品互动，还可以参与到艺术作品的创作中。通过触手可及的新兴科技工具，越来越多的人开始发掘自己创新的一面，数字绘画、视频等激动人心的新型艺术形式应运而生。
然而，艺术作品在数量和种类上的增加同时带来了整体质量上的问题。将一个人切西红柿的视频慢动作播放，真的可以被称作“艺术”吗？
同样，这种发展也模糊了艺术与科技的边界。那些并不熟悉传统艺术工具的人真的可以自诩为“艺术家”吗？艺术家到底是艺术本身的创造者，还是艺术背后技术的创造者？最近有一个科研项目用科技手段和数据还原了伦勃朗的绘画方式。最终，通过3D打印技术，在这位艺术家去世347年后，一幅全新的“伦勃朗画作”诞生了。也许，这些先进的技术正带领我们走进一个由电脑而非人类创造艺术的时代。
科技将会推动艺术发展至何种地步，我们不得而知。但唯一确定的是：随着众多艺术家探索全新的可能性，我们一定可以期待意外的惊喜。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共52张PPT)
Period 4
主题语境 人与社会—— 雕塑、音乐、舞蹈领域的人物及其作品
Unit 4 Meeting the muse
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
the trend towards... ……的倾向
start/set a new trend of... 开创……的新潮流
follow the trend 赶时髦，跟随时尚
reverse a/the trend 使趋势逆转，扭转趋势
on trend 流行的
1．trend n．趋势，动向，倾向
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There has been a trend ___________ hiring younger，cheaper employees．
②Her long skirt is right __ trend this winter．
③这部电影开创了动作影片的新潮流。
This film __________________________ action movies．
④提早退休者有增加的趋势。
There is _______________________ earlier retirement．
towards
on
started/set a new trend of
a growing trend towards
(1)promote sb．(from sth．) to sth．
把某人 (从某职位)提升到某职位
be promoted to... 被提升为……
(2)promotion n． 提升，晋级，促进
get/win/gain (a) promotion 得到晋升
2．promote v．增进，促进；提升；宣传，推广，推销 (商品等)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I wanted to know when he was promoted __ the present position．
②While waiting for the opportunity to get __________________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty．
③Her _________ (promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise．
④定期锻炼能促进你的健康。
Taking regular exercise _______________________．
⑤该项目多年来一直促进中国文化的传播。
The project ____________ the spread of Chinese culture for years．
to
promoted/promotion
promotion
can promote your health
has promoted
(1)by/in contrast 相比之下
in contrast with/to... 与……形成对比(对照)；与……相反
make a contrast with 与……形成对比
(2)contrast...with... 把……和……相对比
contrast with... 与……形成对比
3．contrast n．反差，对比 v．使成对比，对照，形成对照
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①His actions contrast sharply ____ his promises．
②_____ contrast，Mrs Yang was much more easy-going．
③Mary was short and fat，in contrast _______ her mother who was tall and slim．
④与传统的4G相比，5G具有更快的数据传输速度、更低的延迟和更强的移动性。
with
By/In
to/with
5G has faster data transmission, lower delay and stronger mobility ___________________ the conventional 4G．
⑤相比之下，人工智能正以惊人的速度发展。
______________, artificial intelligence is evolving at an incredibly fast rate．
in contrast with/to
By/In contrast
(1)be determined to do sth． 决心做某事
(2)determine v． (使)下决心，(使)做出决定
determine on/upon (doing) sth． 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth． 决心做某事
(3)determination n． 决心；决定
4．determined adj．坚决的，坚定的
[名师点津] 高考中常把determined to do sth．作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①I have determined _______ working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation．
②She determined _______ (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time．
③We exchanged a __________ (determine) look, then ploughed on at an incredible speed．
on/upon
to work
determined
④Jane determined to find him, so she started to look for the lake in the darkness．
→______________________, Jane started to look for the lake in the darkness．(用动词-ed形式短语作状语改写)
Determined to find him
(教材P54)It wasn't until we went on a trip to The Hague last year that this dream came true!
直到我们去年去海牙旅游，这个梦想才实现！
not until的强调句
[句式分析] 本句为not until的强调句型。
It was so cold and it was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came back．
昨晚很冷，直到12点钟我父亲才到家。
(1)“not...until...”句式，意为“直到……才……”。
(2)not until句型的强调句需要把not until全放到被强调部分，其结构为“It is/was not until...＋that...”。
(3)not until的倒装结构：Not until＋状语/状语从句＋部分倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句式升级
①I didn't really realize the value of friends _____ I left my hometown．
②Not until he informed me of the meeting ___ (be) I aware that I had not prepared for my proposal．
③It was not until he told me ____ I knew it．
until
was
that
④(普通表达)He didn't realize the importance of English until he went abroad．
a．(高级表达)_______________________________________ the importance of English．(倒装句)
b．(高级表达)It __________________________________________ the importance of English．(强调句)
Not until he went abroad did he realize
was not until he went abroad that he realized
非谓语动词作表语
一、动词不定式(短语)作表语
1．不定式作表语时表示预定将要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。
You must speak out, if we are to remain friends．
如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。
2．当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future．
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
3．动词不定式有时还可以放在seem, appear, prove等系动词后作表语。
He seemed not to notice the man next to him．
他似乎没有注意到他旁边的那个人。
4．不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do，does，did或不定式to do，作表语的不定式常省略to。
What I want to do most in senior high is improve my English．
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
[名师点津]
(1)在what引导的主语从句中，如do用于完成时态，可以用带to 和不带to 的不定式作表语； 也可以用动词-ed形式作表语。
What he has done is (to) spoil/spoilt the whole thing．
他所做的是要把整个事情毁掉。
(2)在what引导的主语从句中，如do用于进行时态，作表语的动词要用动词-ing形式。
What he is doing is spoiling the whole thing．
他正在做的是把整个事情毁掉。
[即时训练1] 完成句子
①他的工作是坐在钢琴家旁边，翻阅乐谱。
His job is_______ beside the pianist and ____ the pages of the score．
②你想要成功，就必须有耐心和毅力。
You must be patient and persistent if __________________．
③她将来照料这些孩子。
She is __________________________．
to sit
turn
you are to succeed
to look after the children
④我们要做的就是完成最后一点工作。
What we have to do is ___________ the last bit of work．
⑤这次活动的目的是为医疗用品筹集资金。
The purpose of the occasion was _________________ for medical supplies．
(to) finish
to raise money
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．动词-ing形式作表语时，多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，句子主语常是无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible．
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job．
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
What I hate most is being laughed at in public．
＝Being laughed at in public is what I hate most．
我最痛恨的就是在公共场合被别人嘲笑。
2．一些貌似动词-ing 形式的词已经形容词化了，作表语时具有形容词的性质，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式，说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，它们有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing．
这个论点很令人信服。
His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure．
他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很大的乐趣。
[名师点津]
不定式作表语和动词-ing形式作表语的区别：
不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词-ing形式作表语强调的是一般性的、抽象性的动作，不指某一次。
His job is to paint the walls．
他的工作是粉刷这些墙壁。
(不定式短语to paint the walls作表语，表示一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。)
His job is teaching English．
他的工作是教英语。
( 动词-ing形式短语 teaching English作表语，表示一般性的、抽象性的动作，不指某一次。)
[即时训练2] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Travelling is ___________ (interest) but tiring, too．
②More than half of Australian homes are still ________ (choose)to stick with their home phone．
③What we expect from you is _______ (work) hard rather than hardly working．
interesting
choosing
working
④他们的工作是制造轮椅。
Their job is __________________．
⑤他的习惯是晚饭后遛狗。
His habit is _______________ after supper．
⑥帮助别人就是帮助你自己。
Helping others is ________________．
making wheelchairs
walking the dog
helping yourself
三、动词-ed形式作表语
1．动词-ed形式作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
The door is locked．
门是锁着的。
2．作表语并且形式上为动词-ed形式的词，有不少已经形容词化，它们可以被副词修饰，可用于比较结构。常见的有：amazed，amused，astonished，bored，broken，closed，decided，delighted，devoted，known等。
When we heard of it，we were deeply moved．
听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。
Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys．
最后婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。
3．动词-ed形式作表语时与被动语态的区别
动词-ed形式作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。试比较：
The book is well written．
这本书写得好。
The book was written by a worker．
这本书是一位工人写的。
[即时训练3] 单句语法填空
①The pupils will get ________ (confuse)if they are made to learn too much．
②I was extremely ________ (inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded．
③She felt _________ (satisfy) with her performance on the high-and-low bars．
confused
inspired
satisfied
④I felt _____ (bore)．No energy, no motivation and zero fulfillment (满足感)．
⑤My wife was _________ (delight) that things had returned to normal once more．
bored
delighted
短文语境填空
In a small town, a young man seemed very 1．_________ (depress), because his father wanted him to make a decision on his future career．The young man's wish was 2．_________ (become) a skillful worker．However, his father was very 3．_________________ (disappoint)．The father's hope was 4．__________ (develop) his son into a famous doctor．In his eyes, the doctor's job is 5．______ (save)
depressed
to become
disappointed
to develop
saving
people's life．The father was old and he was not 6．_____ (be) a doctor, so he tried to persuade his son to do that．After half a year, the young man finally agreed that he would be a doctor, because he had realized that being a doctor was 7．_________ (inspire)．
to be
inspiring
①sth．comes to one's mind某人想到了某物
②a dancing pattern of lights灯光舞动形成的图案
③light up点燃；容光焕发；照亮
④interact with与……互动
⑤a variety of tools and technologies各种各样的工具和技术
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑥be labelled as...被称为……，被贴上……标签
⑦rather than而不是
⑧lead to导致；通向
⑨as a result结果，因此
⑩be accessible to...为……所接触/使用/了解
take...for example以……为例
queue up to six hours排长达六个小时的队
take in去看，观看(电影等)
a digital version of this painting这幅画的数字版本
three-dimensional (3D) animation 3D动画
from daylight into nighttime从白天到夜晚
exciting new art forms令人兴奋的新的艺术形式
raise questions over its overall quality引发对其整体质量的质疑
(be)played in slow motion以慢镜头播放
(be)unfamiliar with...对……不熟悉
for sure确实；毫无疑问地
ART & TECHNOLOGY
Think“art”．What comes to your mind①？Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre，or Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum？Or maybe，just maybe，it's a dancing pattern of lights②？
The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up③ at night．Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it，they could also interact with④ it—literally．They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns．Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting，but are they really art
Whatever your opinion [1]，people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years．To do this，they have used a variety of tools and technologies⑤．Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as⑥ “artists”rather than⑦ “technicians”．This means that art and technology have always been seen as two very separate things．
[1]Whatever your opinion为状语从句的省略，补充完整为Whatever your opinion is。
Today，however，technological advances have led to⑧ a combination of art and technology．As a result⑨，the art world is changing greatly．Now art is more accessible to⑩ us than ever before．Take for example one of China's most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty，Along the River During the Qingming Festival．As this artwork is rarely on display [2]，people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it．Once in front of the painting [3]，they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes
along the Bian River in Bianjing．Thanks to technology however，millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting ．Three-dimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings．They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime [4]．
[2]此处为as引导的原因状语从句。
[3]此处为once引导的时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为once they are in front of the painting。
[4]此处为as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
The art-tech combination is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”．Not only can we interact with art，but also take part in its creation．[5]With new technological tools at our fingertips，more and more people are exploring their creative sides．The result has been exciting new art forms ，such as digital paintings and videos．
[5]当not only...but(also)...连接句子且not only放在句首时，not only后的句子用部分倒装，but(also)后的句子不用倒装。
However，the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions over its overall quality ．Can a video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really be called “art”？[6]
[6]本句中slicing a tomato为动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰someone；played in slow motion为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰a video。
Similarly，such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct．Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists' tools really call themselves an “artist”？ And is the artist the creator of the art itself，or the maker of the technology behind it A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes [7]．The end result，printed in 3D，was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist's death．[8] These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art．
[7]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰 先 行词the same way。
[8]本句中printed in 3D和created 347 years...death 均为动词-ed形式短语作定语，分别修饰The end result和Rembrandt painting。
Where technology will take art next[9] is anyone's guess．But one thing is for sure —with so many artists exploring new possibilities[10]，we can definitely expect the unexpected．
[9]此处为where引导的主语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
[10]此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，动词-ing形式作宾补。
艺术与科技
说到“艺术”，你会想到什么？是卢浮宫里希腊或罗马的雕塑？抑或是故宫博物院里中国的名画？又也许，仅仅是也许，是一片舞动的光影？
美国艺术家珍妮特·艾克曼创作了一系列艺术品，晚上将其点亮时，它们就像七彩浮云。其中在温哥华展出的那一件，人们不仅可以欣赏，甚至可以与之互动。人们可以通过操作自己的手机改变它的颜色和图案。像这样的展览品，毋庸置疑，是新潮的激动人心之作。然而，这些真的可以算是艺术吗？
无论你的看法如何，人们数千年来一直在用艺术表达自己的思想和理念。为此，人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。然而，米开朗琪罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“能工巧匠”。这就意味着艺术和科技一直被看作两个截然不同的领域。
然而如今，科技的进步使得艺术与之结合，并且极大地改变着艺术世界。现在，我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。例如，中国宋朝的传世名画之一《清明上河图》，因其极少被展出，人们有时要排队等上六个小时才有机会一睹其容。即使面对画卷，由于这幅画卷长达五米，人们也只有有限的时间来欣赏画面上汴京汴河沿岸的景色。然而，在科技的帮助下，已经有数百万人得以观摩这幅画作的数字化版本了。利用3D动画技术，观赏者可以看到画中的人物四处走动并与周围事物互动。他们甚至还可以看到从白天到夜晚画中不同场景的变化。
艺术与科技的结合同样改变着我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”这两个概念的理解。我们不仅可以与艺术作品互动，还可以参与到艺术作品的创作中。通过触手可及的新兴科技工具，越来越多的人开始发掘自己创新的一面，数字绘画、视频等激动人心的新型艺术形式应运而生。
然而，艺术作品在数量和种类上的增加同时带来了整体质量上的问题。将一个人切西红柿的视频慢动作播放，真的可以被称作“艺术”吗？
同样，这种发展也模糊了艺术与科技的边界。那些并不熟悉传统艺术工具的人真的可以自诩为“艺术家”吗？艺术家到底是艺术本身的创造者，还是艺术背后技术的创造者？最近有一个科研项目用科技手段和数据还原了伦勃朗的绘画方式。最终，通过3D打印技术，在这位艺术家去世347年后，一幅全新的“伦勃朗画作”诞生了。也许，这些先进的技术正带领我们走进一个由电脑而非人类创造艺术的时代。
科技将会推动艺术发展至何种地步，我们不得而知。但唯一确定的是：随着众多艺术家探索全新的可能性，我们一定可以期待意外的惊喜。
