(共42张PPT)
Period 3
Unit 5 Revealing nature
主题语境
人与自然—— 自然科学研究成果
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
(1)out of date 过时的，陈旧的
up to date 最新式的，现代的
(2)fix/set a date for 确定……的日期
1．date back to(＝date from) 始于；追溯到
[名师点津] date from与date back to常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态和进行时态，常用动词-ing形式短语作后置定语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The dictionary is ___ of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published．
②I have many books so far, but none of them are __ to date．
③Have you fixed a date ___ your wedding, Mary
④The festival ______ (date)back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November．
⑤我从学生时代就开始对集邮感兴趣。
My interest in stamp collecting _____________ my schooldays．
out
up
for
dating
dates back to
(1)be(＋距离) distant from sth． 离某物(……)远
(2)distance n． 距离；远方
in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远
keep sb．at a distance 对……冷淡；与……疏远
2．distant adj． 遥远的；远处的；远亲的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Paul has to drive a very long ________ (distant) as part of his job．
②We spotted them waving to us __ a distance of about 100 meters．
③I saw a car __ the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car．
④Just as the saying goes, a near neighbour is better than a ___________
(distance) cousin．
distance
at
in
distant
⑤你最好离他远点。
It's better for you to ______________________．
⑥我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在两英里远的地方就能听见。
We can see the waterfall _______________，whose sound can be heard ________________ two miles．
keep him at a distance
in the distance
at a distance of
(1)answer the phone/a call 接听电话
answer the door 开门，应门
answer the criticism/charges/accusation
就批评/指控/谴责等作出回应
answer a need 满足需求
answer a description 与描述相符
answer for ... 对……负责；担保
(2)answer to ... ……的答案
in answer to 作为对……的回答；作为对……的答复
3．answer the call响应号召
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I kept ringing the bell，but no one ________ (answer)the door．
②A man _________ (answer)the police's description was seen entering the building．
③Someday you will answer ___ your foolish behaviour．
④If I know the answer __ the question, I will tell you．
⑤I don't quite know what to say __ answer to your question．
answered
answering
for
to
in
⑥一般来说，谈及濒危动物，猎人要负很大的责任。
Hunters in general have a lot to __________ in terms of endangered animals．
⑦年轻人应该响应号召，参军保卫祖国。
The young should _______________ and join the army to defend their country．
answer for
answer the call
call/bring/throw sth．into question 引起对某事物的怀疑
beyond question 不容怀疑
without question 毫无疑问；毫无异议地
out of question 没问题
out of the question 不可能；不允许
4．in question 讨论中的；考虑中的；有疑问的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①On the day __ question we were in Cardiff．
②It is ______ question that he can solve the problem by himself．
③Her version of events was accepted _______ question．
④This has called ____ question people's right to retire at 60．
⑤毫无疑问，他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He is ________________ the best man for the job．
⑥今年再度出国旅行是绝不可能的。
Another trip abroad this year is ___________________．
⑦他是一个诚实的人，他的诚实是毫无疑问的。
He is an honest man and his honesty is _______________．
in
beyond
without
into
without question
out of the question
out of question
(1)crowd vt． 挤满；塞满；使拥挤；涌入(脑海)；涌上(心头)
n． 人群；观众
crowd in (on sb．) (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头；涌入(某人)脑海
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
crowd in/into (sth．) 大批地涌入(某物)
crowd around 聚集在……周围；聚拢
a crowd of/crowds of 一群(成群)……
(2)crowded adj． 拥挤的；挤满的；充满的
5．be crowded with 拥塞；挤满；充满
[名师点津] crowd是集合名词，作主语时，若视为整体则谓语动词用单数形式，若强调个体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。the crowd“老百姓，大众”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①The landscape of public health is ________ (crowd) with an ever growing number of partnerships，initiatives，and implementing agencies．
②When species crowd ____ an area，they compete for resources and become efficient at using them．
③ ______ (crowd) of people poured into the street．
④对祖父母清晰的记忆涌入我的脑海。
Vivid memories of my grandparents came _____________________．
crowded
into
Crowds
crowding into my mind
⑤他突然有了一个想法：建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。
a．A thought ____________________ that building another expressway
could solve the problem．
b．A thought _________________ that building another expressway could solve the problem．
crowded into his mind
crowded in on him
(1)exist vi． 存在；生存
exist in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……为生
There exists/existed... 某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n． 存在
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
bring...into existence 使发生；使产生
in existence 存在
(3)existing adj． 现存的，现在的
6．come to exist 产生；成立；开始存在
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①No one knows when such a custom first came into _________ (exist)．
②He finds it hard to exist __ the money he's earning．
③_____ existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses，so a judgment was not announced in court．
④在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。
The parking place for bikes was ___________________ for a long time in our school．
existence
on
There
an existing problem
⑤每年都有成千上万的新公司成立。
Thousands of new companies _________________________________ every year．
⑥1823年时城墙还存在。
In 1823 the city wall was still ____________．
come to exist/come into existence
in existence
7．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．可疑对象
(1)suspect that... 怀疑……
suspect sb．of (doing) sth． 怀疑某人有某罪行
suspect sb．to be 猜想/猜疑某人是……
(2)suspicious adj． 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的
be suspicious of 对……起疑
(3)suspiciously adv． 怀疑地；猜疑地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The man was suspected __ stealing the car，so he was laid off．
②Honestly speaking，we all suspected the young man _____ (be) a pickpocket．
③They became __________ (suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police．
④Two ________ (suspect) were declared to be innocent for lacking convincing evidence．
⑤He suspected that his neighbour stole his money．
→He ___________________________________ his money．
of
to be
suspicious
suspects
suspected his neighbour of stealing
8．adapt to 适应，适合……
(1)adapt v． 使适应，使适合；改编，改写
adapt oneself to 使自己适应……
adapt A from B 将B改编成A
be adapted from... 由……改编
be adapted for 改编成……
(2)adaptable adj． 能适应的
adaptation n． 改编本；适应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to adapt __ the change．
②When you go to a new country，you must adapt ________ (you) to new manners and customs．
③他过了好一阵子才适应了寒冷的天气。
It took him a while to ________________ the cold weather．
to
yourself
adapt himself to
④儿童比成人更容易适应新的环境。
Children ________ a new environment more easily than adults．
⑤众所周知，这部电影改编自他的同名小说。
It is well known that this film is ____________ the novel of the same title by him．
adapt to
adapted from
(教材P67)As he studied these，he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？
1．as引导的时间状语从句
[句式分析] as在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”。
As the story develops, the truth about the mysterious figure is slowly discovered．
随着故事的发展，关于神秘人物的真相慢慢被发现。
as作连词时，有以下用法：
(1)意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”时，引导时间状语从句。
(2)意为“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”时，引导方式状语从句。
(3)意为“因为；既然”时，引导原因状语从句。
(4)意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句。
(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...句型，意为“像……一样……(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)”。
[名师点津] (1)当as引导让步状语从句时，从句使用部分倒装，即将作表语或作状语的形容词、名词、副词以及情态动词或助动词之后的动词原形放于as前面；作表语的单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。
(2)with意为“随着”时是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
[即学即练] 完成句子/句型转换
①我离他们足够近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。
I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao”，just ______________________．
as I might do in China
②因为我正忙着准备期末考试，所以我才没有一收到电子邮件就给你回复。
____________________________________，I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it．
③他虽然是个孩子，却知道如何帮助别人。
Child ________，he knows how to help others．
As I was busy preparing for my final exam
as he is
④他醒来得和入睡一样突然。
He woke up ______________ he had fallen asleep．
⑤As time went on，he contented himself with a simple life．
→ __________________，he contented himself with a simple life．(用with复合结构改写)
as suddenly as
With time going on
(教材P68)But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory．
然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
2．so...that...句型
[句式分析] 句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。
The tears were streaming so fast that she could hardly see．
她的眼泪流得如此之快以至她几乎看不见。
[名师点津] (1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
(2)在“so/such ...that ...”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译/句式升级
①It is ____ nice weather that I would like to go to the beach．
②The shop sells ____ expensive goods that I want to buy nothing there．
③He gave me __ little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time．
④The wind was __ strong that we could hardly move forward．
such
such
so
so
⑤天气极度寒冷，房子里所有的水管都被冻住了。
a．It was ________________ all the water pipes in the house froze up．
b．It was ________________ all the water pipes in the house froze up．
⑥(普通表达)Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed．
(高级表达) _______________________ that we can hardly imagine its speed．(倒装句)
so cold a day that
such a cold day that
So fast does light travel
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The person __ question has made a contribution to our society．
2．The man suspected __ stealing the money was taken to the police station．
3．I could just see a car in the ________ (distant)，but I couldn't make out what colour it was．
4．The crowd ________ (be) marching on the street to improve their living conditions．
in
of
distance
was/were
5．What he said sounded reasonable，but I suspected it _____ (be) a lie．
6．Not only has she adapted herself __ the fast pace of city life, but she is becoming more and more outgoing．
7．The tradition of family reunion during the Spring Festival _____ (date)back to at least the Han Dynasty．
8．Three ideas taught in business schools have much to answer ___．
to be
to
dates
for
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．俗话说： 入乡随俗。(as引导定语从句)
__________________, when in Rome, do as the Romans do．
2．他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。(so...that...)
He is ___________________________________________________ we admire him very much．
As the saying goes
so learned a person that/such a learned person that
3．当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。(as 引导时间状语从句)
________________________________, I came across an old friend of mine．
4．男孩花了大约三个月的时间来适应新的校园环境。(adapt to)
It took the boy about three months _______________________________
________________．
5．这个耳熟能详的民间故事起源于唐朝。
This familiar folk tale _____________ the Tang Dynasty．
As I was walking down the street
to adapt to the new school
environment
dates back to
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals．He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831．The journey gave him the chance 1．________ (study) various living things in their natural environments．
to study
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and 2．_______________ (not change) since．But Darwin began to think differently．He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 3．__ each other．
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, it 4．___ (be) the birds that interested him the most．He suspected that the 5．_______ (finch) had evolved from a common ancestor, 6．_____ had arrived on the islands a long time before．
had not changed
to
was
finches
which
It was a 7．__________ (complete) new idea — a theory of evolution．Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species．Many people refused to believe that living things, 8．_______
(include) humans, had evolved from lower forms of life．But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing 9．____ more and more people started to believe his theory．
Today, the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10．_______ (write)．
completely
including
that
writtenPeriod 3 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．date back to(＝date from) 始于；追溯到
(1)out of date 过时的，陈旧的
up to date 最新式的，现代的
(2)fix/set a date for 确定……的日期
[名师点津] date from与date back to常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态和进行时态，常用动词-ing形式短语作后置定语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published．
②I have many books so far, but none of them are up to date．
③Have you fixed a date for your wedding, Mary
④The festival dating (date)back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November．
⑤我从学生时代就开始对集邮感兴趣。
My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays．
2．distant adj． 遥远的；远处的；远亲的
(1)be(＋距离) distant from sth． 离某物(……)远
(2)distance n． 距离；远方
in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
at a distance (of) 在……远的地方；距离稍远
keep sb．at a distance 对……冷淡；与……疏远
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Paul has to drive a very long distance (distant) as part of his job．
②We spotted them waving to us at a distance of about 100 meters．
③I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car．
④Just as the saying goes, a near neighbour is better than a distant(distance) cousin．
⑤你最好离他远点。
It's better for you to keep him at a distance．
⑥我们可以看见远处的瀑布，它的声音在两英里远的地方就能听见。
We can see the waterfall in the distance，whose sound can be heard at a distance of two miles．
3．answer the call响应号召
(1)answer the phone/a call 接听电话
answer the door 开门，应门
answer the criticism/charges/accusation 就批评/指控/谴责等作出回应
answer a need 满足需求
answer a description 与描述相符
answer for ．．． 对……负责；担保
(2)answer to ．．． ……的答案
in answer to 作为对……的回答；作为对……的答复
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I kept ringing the bell，but no one answered (answer)the door．
②A man answering (answer)the police's description was seen entering the building．
③Someday you will answer for your foolish behaviour．
④If I know the answer to the question, I will tell you．
⑤I don't quite know what to say in answer to your question．
⑥一般来说，谈及濒危动物，猎人要负很大的责任。
Hunters in general have a lot to answer for in terms of endangered animals．
⑦年轻人应该响应号召，参军保卫祖国。
The young should answer the call and join the army to defend their country．
4．in question 讨论中的；考虑中的；有疑问的
call/bring/throw sth．into question 引起对某事物的怀疑
beyond question 不容怀疑
without question 毫无疑问；毫无异议地
out of question 没问题
out of the question 不可能；不允许
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①On the day in question we were in Cardiff．
②It is beyond question that he can solve the problem by himself．
③Her version of events was accepted without question．
④This has called into question people's right to retire at 60．
⑤毫无疑问，他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
He is without question the best man for the job．
⑥今年再度出国旅行是绝不可能的。
Another trip abroad this year is out of the question．
⑦他是一个诚实的人，他的诚实是毫无疑问的。
He is an honest man and his honesty is out of question．
5．be crowded with 拥塞；挤满；充满
(1)crowd vt． 挤满；塞满；使拥挤；涌入(脑海)；涌上(心头)
n． 人群；观众
crowd in (on sb．) (想法、问题等)涌上(某人)心头；涌入(某人)脑海
crowd into one's mind 涌入某人的脑海
crowd in/into (sth．) 大批地涌入(某物)
crowd around 聚集在……周围；聚拢
a crowd of/crowds of 一群(成群)……
(2)crowded adj． 拥挤的；挤满的；充满的
[名师点津] crowd是集合名词，作主语时，若视为整体则谓语动词用单数形式，若强调个体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。the crowd“老百姓，大众”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①The landscape of public health is crowded (crowd) with an ever growing number of partnerships，initiatives，and implementing agencies．
②When species crowd into an area，they compete for resources and become efficient at using them．
③ Crowds (crowd) of people poured into the street．
④对祖父母清晰的记忆涌入我的脑海。
Vivid memories of my grandparents came crowding into my mind．
⑤他突然有了一个想法：建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。
a．A thought crowded into his mind that building another expressway could solve the problem．
b．A thought crowded in on him that building another expressway could solve the problem．
6．come to exist 产生；成立；开始存在
(1)exist vi． 存在；生存
exist in 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……为生
There exists/existed．．． 某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n． 存在
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
bring．．．into existence 使发生；使产生
in existence 存在
(3)existing adj． 现存的，现在的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)．
②He finds it hard to exist on the money he's earning．
③There existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses，so a judgment was not announced in court．
④在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。
The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school．
⑤每年都有成千上万的新公司成立。
Thousands of new companies come to exist/come into existence every year．
⑥1823年时城墙还存在。
In 1823 the city wall was still in existence．
7．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．可疑对象
(1)suspect that．．． 怀疑……
suspect sb．of (doing) sth． 怀疑某人有某罪行
suspect sb．to be 猜想/猜疑某人是……
(2)suspicious adj． 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的
be suspicious of 对……起疑
(3)suspiciously adv． 怀疑地；猜疑地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①The man was suspected of stealing the car，so he was laid off．
②Honestly speaking，we all suspected the young man to be (be) a pickpocket．
③They became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour and contacted the police．
④Two suspects (suspect) were declared to be innocent for lacking convincing evidence．
⑤He suspected that his neighbour stole his money．
→He suspected his neighbour of stealing his money．
8．adapt to 适应，适合……
(1)adapt v． 使适应，使适合；改编，改写
adapt oneself to 使自己适应……
adapt A from B 将B改编成A
be adapted from．．． 由……改编
be adapted for 改编成……
(2)adaptable adj． 能适应的
adaptation n． 改编本；适应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change．
②When you go to a new country，you must adapt yourself (you) to new manners and customs．
③他过了好一阵子才适应了寒冷的天气。
It took him a while to adapt himself to the cold weather．
④儿童比成人更容易适应新的环境。
Children adapt to a new environment more easily than adults．
⑤众所周知，这部电影改编自他的同名小说。
It is well known that this film is adapted from the novel of the same title by him．
1．as引导的时间状语从句
(教材P67)As he studied these，he asked himself the question: how did different species come to exist
当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？
[句式分析] as在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”。
As the story develops, the truth about the mysterious figure is slowly discovered．
随着故事的发展，关于神秘人物的真相慢慢被发现。
as作连词时，有以下用法：
(1)意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”时，引导时间状语从句。
(2)意为“按照……的方式(办法)；如同……”时，引导方式状语从句。
(3)意为“因为；既然”时，引导原因状语从句。
(4)意为“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句。
(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于as．．．as．．．句型，意为“像……一样……(第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词)”。
[名师点津] (1)当as引导让步状语从句时，从句使用部分倒装，即将作表语或作状语的形容词、名词、副词以及情态动词或助动词之后的动词原形放于as前面；作表语的单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。
(2)with意为“随着”时是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
[即学即练] 完成句子/句型转换
①我离他们足够近能听见他们正在说汉语，并且我像在中国可能做的那样说了声“你好”。
I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said “Ni Hao”，just as I might do in China．
②因为我正忙着准备期末考试，所以我才没有一收到电子邮件就给你回复。
As I was busy preparing for my final exam，I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it．
③他虽然是个孩子，却知道如何帮助别人。
Child as he is，he knows how to help others．
④他醒来得和入睡一样突然。
He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep．
⑤As time went on，he contented himself with a simple life．
→ With time going on，he contented himself with a simple life．(用with复合结构改写)
2．so．．．that．．．句型
(教材P68)But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory．
然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
[句式分析] 句中的so．．．that．．．表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。
The tears were streaming so fast that she could hardly see．
她的眼泪流得如此之快以至她几乎看不见。
so＋
such＋
[名师点津] (1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
(2)在“so/such ．．．that ．．．”结构中，当so/such置于句首时，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/一句多译/句式升级
①It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach．
②The shop sells such expensive goods that I want to buy nothing there．
③He gave me so little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time．
④The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward．
⑤天气极度寒冷，房子里所有的水管都被冻住了。
a．It was so cold a day that all the water pipes in the house froze up．
b．It was such a cold day that all the water pipes in the house froze up．
⑥(普通表达)Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed．
(高级表达) So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed．(倒装句)
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The person in question has made a contribution to our society．
2．The man suspected of stealing the money was taken to the police station．
3．I could just see a car in the distance (distant)，but I couldn't make out what colour it was．
4．The crowd was/were (be) marching on the street to improve their living conditions．
5．What he said sounded reasonable，but I suspected it to be (be) a lie．
6．Not only has she adapted herself to the fast pace of city life, but she is becoming more and more outgoing．
7．The tradition of family reunion during the Spring Festival dates (date)back to at least the Han Dynasty．
8．Three ideas taught in business schools have much to answer for．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．俗话说： 入乡随俗。(as引导定语从句)
As the saying goes, when in Rome, do as the Romans do．
2．他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。(so．．．that．．．)
He is so learned a person that/such a learned person that we admire him very much．
3．当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。(as 引导时间状语从句)
As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine．
4．男孩花了大约三个月的时间来适应新的校园环境。(adapt to)
It took the boy about three months to adapt to the new school environment．
5．这个耳熟能详的民间故事起源于唐朝。
This familiar folk tale dates back to the Tang Dynasty．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals．He left England on the ship, the Beagle, in 1831．The journey gave him the chance 1．to study (study) various living things in their natural environments．
At that time, people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time, and 2．had not changed (not change) since．But Darwin began to think differently．He noticed that some species of animals were very similar 3．to each other．
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, it 4．was (be) the birds that interested him the most．He suspected that the 5．finches (finch) had evolved from a common ancestor, 6．which had arrived on the islands a long time before．
It was a 7．completely (complete) new idea — a theory of evolution．Darwin explained this theory in his book, On the Origin of Species．Many people refused to believe that living things, 8．including (include) humans, had evolved from lower forms of life．But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing 9．that more and more people started to believe his theory．
Today, the book is regarded as one of the most important works ever 10．written (write)．
课时分层作业(十三)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Some seed (种子) varieties germinate fast，so check every day or so．
2．The current study has a larger sample(样本) size than earlier studies．
3．Now, I suspect (怀疑) someone may have broken into this room and taken away something important．
4．The dam will generate (产生) electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution．
5．To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant (遥远的) planets．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．The fact is that most people didn't believe his theory of evolution (evolve)．
2．Most of people here regarded the new film as a great success．
3．Although I'm not a geologist (geology), I have been collecting minerals for years．
4．There is a note on the door reading (read) “No smoking！”
5．The doctor who asks the patients for money is a disgrace to our hospital．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past, after scientists warned that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could be extinct within 29 years．
Over half of the world's chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa — Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana — where the temperature, rain, and humidity provide the perfect conditions for cacao to grow．But the threat of rising temperatures over the next three decades caused by climate change, is expected to result in a loss of water from the ground, which scientists say could upset this balance．
According to the related data, a temperature rise of just 2.1℃ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050．Farmers in the region are already considering moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous area—much of which is currently preserved for wildlife．But a move of this scale could destroy ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and deforestation．
Part of the problem, according to Doug Hawkins, is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years．“Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern, high yielding strains and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential, more than 90% of the global cacao crop is produced by small farms with unimproved planting material，” he said．“It means that we could be facing a chocolate decrease of 100，000 tons a year in the next few years．”
Now scientists at the University of California at Berkeley have teamed up with American candy company Mars to keep chocolate on the menu．Using the controversial (有争议的) gene-editing technology known as CRISPR they are trying to develop a type of the cacao plant capable of surviving in dryer, warmer climates．If the team's work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to relocate to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了可可树因为气候变化而面临灭绝的危险，现在科学家们正在努力研究新的可可树品种来适应变化的气候。
1．What do we know about chocolate from the text
A．Chocolate will disappear from the menu 30 years later．
B．Chocolate is mainly produced by African countries．
C．Chocolate will not be produced by 2050 because of climate change．
D．A new type of chocolate will be produced with the help of CRISPR．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，世界上一半以上的巧克力来自西非的科特迪瓦和加纳这两个国家，因此巧克力主要由非洲国家生产。故选B项。]
2．What is the reason for the extinction of the cacao plant
A．The damaged ecosystem．
B．Water shortage caused by climate change．
C．The threat from illegal farming．
D．The changeable farming methods．
B [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，未来30年，气候变化造成的气温上升将导致地面失水，可能破坏平衡。再根据第三段第一句可知，可可树灭绝的原因是气候变化引起的缺水。故选B项。]
3．What is the writer's attitude to the application of CRISPR to planting cacao trees
A．Objective． B．Unconcerned．
C．Supportive． D．Negative．
C [观点态度题。根据文章最后一句可知，如果研究小组在可可树工厂的工作取得成功，就可以排除西非农民搬迁到高地的需要，甚至可能允许可可树在世界其他地方种植。所以，作者的态度非常乐观，且对该项目抱有很大希望。故选C项。]
B
Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers(冰川) of the Alps is doomed！These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise，according to a recent study．
Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4，000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions．After that，even if carbon emissions drop to zero，two thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100．If emissions continue to rise at the current rate，the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century．The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100．Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes，representing five per cent，at most，of the ice volume seen today．
The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity，especially during droughts．It would also affect nature and tourism．
In February，a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia's towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons．This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream．Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher，colder altitudes．If global carbon emissions are not cut，however，two thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100．
The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers．It used 2017 as its starting point．Unlike previous work，these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains．Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there．
Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning，deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice．The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk，but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿尔卑斯山和亚洲的冰川面临严重威胁，可能在21世纪末融化。文章分析了其原因，同时也提出了解决问题的思路。
4．What does the underlined word “doomed” mean in paragraph 1
A．Polluted． B．Discovered．
C．Endangered． D．Abandoned．
C [词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise，according to a recent study．”可知，冰川将在21世纪末融化，由此推知，画线词所在句中的“阿尔卑斯山的冰川”也面临同样的威胁。结合选项可知，画线词doomed与endangered同义，意为“有危险的”。故选C项。]
5．What can we infer from paragraph 2
A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting．
B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100．
C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented．
D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top．
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4，000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions．．．If emissions continue to rise at the current rate，the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century．”可推知，碳排放与冰川融化有很大关系。故选A项。]
6．Why are the Asia's ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To explain how glacier melting came about．
B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem．
C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause．
D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting．
D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In February，a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia's towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons．”可推知，第四段提到亚洲的冰原是为了表明阿尔卑斯山并不是唯一面临冰川融化问题的地方。故选D项。]
7．What is the writer's attitude towards the future of glaciers
A．Objective． B．Optimistic．
C．Critical． D．Doubtful．
A [推理判断题。通读全文，并结合文章最后一段可知，文中作者表达了对碳排放造成冰川融化的担忧，但同时也提出改变这一情况的可能，所以作者认为冰川的未来取决于人类自身，对冰川的未来持客观的态度。故选A项。]
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
How to Prepare Houseplants for Fall
It would be easy to think that since houseplants live inside, they don't really experience seasons as their outdoor plants do． 1 However, it doesn't mean they don't know what's going on．They do．With that in mind, here is how to keep your plants happy when autumn comes．
2 Check to be sure that they are not bringing any insects along with them．Examine both sides of leaves for insects, as well as the soil．Also, clear the top of the soil of dead leaves before taking them in．
Remove any dead or dying leaves．Find any yellowing or brown leaves． 3 For brown or yellowing leaves, you can just cut off the unhealthy part．To make a plant healthier, you can also trim (修剪) healthy leaves．Also, don't forget to save larger pieces to plant!
Be mindful of extreme temperatures．Hot or cold extremes can stress (使……紧张) plants out． 4 Make sure they are not heated by heaters．Similarly, make sure they are far from windows or doors that open to the outside．
Repot (移植) if needed．Spring is the best time to repot houseplants because that's when they begin to grow rapidly．But if any of your babies have had an active summer and are too small for their pot, now is a good time as well．Lift the plant out of the pot and check how the roots look． 5
Be careful with watering．Over-watering is one of the most common houseplant mistakes．Unless you have especially thirsty species or a very dry home, wait at least a few days in between watering．
A．The plants under stress will die soon．
B．If they seem crowded, it is time to repot．
C．So be careful about where your plants are living．
D．Bring them in if they've been vacationing outside．
E．Pay attention to whether there are harmful insects．
F．It's true that they are provided more protection inside．
G．Cut off the leaves of these colours at the base or at the soil．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何准备让室外的植物应对秋天的来临。
1．F [根据此空前面“很容易想到，由于室内植物生活在室内，它们并不像室外植物那样真正经历季节。”以及空后“然而，这并不意味着他们不知道发生了什么。”可知，此空是在说室内植物。选项F和下文的“However”相呼应，故选F项。]
2．D [根据空后“检查确保他们没有携带任何昆虫。”以及末句“此外，在搬进来之前，清除土壤顶部的枯叶。”可以判断，此处是建议人们把室外的植物搬到室内。故选D项。]
3．G [根据此空后面“对于棕色或黄色的叶子，你可以只剪掉不健康的部分。为了使植物更健康，你也可以修剪健康的叶子。”可知，此空是建议人们剪掉正在变黄的叶子，故选G项。]
4．C [根据此空后面“确保它们没有被加热器加热。同样，确保它们远离打开的窗户或门。”可知，此空是在说植物生长的地方，故选C项。]
5．B [本段是建议为植物移盆、移栽，根据此空前的“把植物从花盆里拿出来，看看它们的根是什么样子。”可知，B项可以承接上文，故选B项。]
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
