(共21张PPT)
Period 7
Unit 5 Revealing nature
主题语境
人与自然—— 自然科学研究成果
1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
2．finch n．雀科鸣禽
3．beak n．鸟嘴，喙
4．tortoise n．陆龟
5．worldwide adv．遍及全世界
6．giant adj．巨大的，特大的
单元回顾 默写背诵(Revealing nature)
7．mangrove n．红树(一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，并从树枝上长出新根须)
8．iguana n．鬣蜥(一种大型热带美洲蜥蜴)
9．comb-like adj．梳状的
10．spine n．(动植物的)刺，刺毛
11．myth n．(古代的)神话
12．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)
13．wasp n．黄蜂
14．pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药
15．chilli n．辣椒
16．cybercrime n．网络犯罪
1． ____ n．种子，籽
2．______ n．样本
3．_______ v．猜想，怀疑，觉得
4．________ n．(动物的)原种，祖先
5．_______ v．减少
6．_____ v．责怪；指责；把……归咎于
seed
sample
suspect
ancestor
decline
blame
7．____ n．山羊
8．_________ adj．原始的， 低等的
9．____ n．根
10． ____ v．把……联系起来；连接
11．__________ n．厘米
goat
primitive
root
link
centimetre
1．distance n．距离→_______ adj．遥远的
2．geology n．地理学→_________ n．地质学家
3．evolve v．进化→_______ adj．进化的→_________ n．进化(论)
4．generate v．产生，创造→__________ n．一代；产生
5．character n．特点；角色；人物→_____________ n．特征，特性
6．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→_________ n．侦探，警探→_________ n．侦查；探测→________ n．探测器
7．fungal adj．真菌的→______ n．真菌
distant
geologist
evolved
evolution
generation
characteristic
detective
detection
detector
fungus
1．_________________ 追溯到
2．___________ 更重要的是，而且
3．___________ 有史以来
4．_______________ 挤满，充满
5．_____________ 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
6．_____________ 开始存在，产生
7．_______________ 响应号召
8．___________ 有问题的，讨论中的
date back to/from
what's more
of all time
be crowded with
be a disgrace
come to exist
answer the call
in question
9．_____________ 与……相似
10．________ 适应
11．____________ 各种各样的
12．______________ 被认为是……
13．____________ 源于……的，原产于……
14．__________________ 把……归咎于……
15．__________ 最后，终于
be similar to
adapt to
a variety of
be regarded as
be native to
blame．．．on．．．
in the end
16．_____________ 尤其，特别
17．_________ 抵抗；击退
18．___________ 相比之下
19．______ 到目前为止
20．_________ 实施
21．__________ 是……的栖息地
22．_____________ 对……有害
23．______________ 研究
in particular
fight off
by contrast
so far
carry out
be home to
be harmful to
do research on
24．________________ 有发现
25．_________ 毕竟；终究
26．__________ 把……赶走
27．_______________ 少量的
28．__________ 和；也
29．________________ 和……交流
30．____________ 在某些方面
make a discovery
after all
drive away
tiny amounts of
as well as
communicate with
in some ways
31．___________________ 从……偷……
32．_____________ 需要；需求
33．____________ 并排；肩并肩
34．______________ 形状像……
steal．．．from．．．
call for help
side by side
be shaped like
1．The person who answered the call was not the captain's first choice．
然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。
2．The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments．
这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。
3．It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence．
虽然这只是一个设想，但它足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。
4．It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution．
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。
5．It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm．
这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。
如今，我们周围的环境变得越来越差。为了加强学生们的环保意识，美化自己的家乡，你校计划开展以“为家乡环保出谋献策”为主题的环保征文活动，警示人们保护环境。请你写一篇短文，参加征文活动。内容要点如下：
1．分析家乡环境问题的原因；
2．为建设绿色家乡，应采取什么措施(至少3点)；
3．倡议大家行动起来。
注意：1．写作词数80左右；
2．家乡的名称不要出现在作文中。
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[高分范文背诵]
Suggestions for environmental protection in our hometown
With the development of our economy，the environment is worrying in my hometown．There are a lot of problems like natural disasters，global warming，pollution and so on．It is mainly because of people's behaviours．
It is high time for us to take some effective measures．First，our government should do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions．Besides，we should form a habit of saving energy such as turning off the tap after it is used，using public transportation and recycling the waste．In addition，we can plant trees to beauty our hometown．
Protecting the environment is a duty for everyone．Let's spare no effort to make contributions to protecting the environment of our hometown．
[片段1]
From then on, she would say hello to him in the hallway, clap hands for him while he was playing basketball and sometimes helped him with some weak subjects．Unfortunately, nothing seemed to change on him over the next two weeks．Feeling rather disappointed，she was lost in deep thought, trying to find a suitable way to deal with the situation．
从那时起，她会在走廊里和他打招呼，在他打篮球的时候为他鼓掌，有时还会帮助他学习一些薄弱的科目。不幸的是，在接下来的两个星期里，他似乎没有任何变化。她感到很失望，陷入了沉思，试图找到一个合适的方法来处理这种情况。
[片段2]
When the bus arrived at the hospital, the injured girl was helped to get off．She was rushed to the Emergency Department to be examined．To their relief, the wound was not so serious due to the timely treatment．Surrounded by care and love, the injured girl was deeply moved and thanked all the people for helping her．The incident tells us that sometimes a small act of kindness can light up someone's day．
当公共汽车到达医院时，受伤的女孩被帮助下了车。她被紧急送往急诊室接受检查。使他们感到欣慰的是，由于治疗及时，伤口没有那么严重。被关心和爱包围着的受伤女孩深受感动，并感谢所有帮助她的人。这件事告诉我们，有时一个小小的善举可以照亮一个人的一天。Period 7 默写背诵(Revealing nature)
1．disgrace n．丢脸，耻辱
2．finch n．雀科鸣禽
3．beak n．鸟嘴，喙
4．tortoise n．陆龟
5．worldwide adv．遍及全世界
6．giant adj．巨大的，特大的
7．mangrove n．红树(一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，并从树枝上长出新根须)
8．iguana n．鬣蜥(一种大型热带美洲蜥蜴)
9．comb-like adj．梳状的
10．spine n．(动植物的)刺，刺毛
11．myth n．(古代的)神话
12．legend n．传说，传奇(故事)
13．wasp n．黄蜂
14．pesticide n．杀虫剂，农药
15．chilli n．辣椒
16．cybercrime n．网络犯罪
1． seed n．种子，籽
2．sample n．样本
3．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得
4．ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先
5．decline v．减少
6．blame v．责怪；指责；把……归咎于
7．goat n．山羊
8．primitive adj．原始的， 低等的
9．root n．根
10． link v．把……联系起来；连接
11．centimetre n．厘米
1．distance n．距离→distant adj．遥远的
2．geology n．地理学→geologist n．地质学家
3．evolve v．进化→evolved adj．进化的→evolution n．进化(论)
4．generate v．产生，创造→generation n．一代；产生
5．character n．特点；角色；人物→characteristic n．特征，特性
6．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detective n．侦探，警探→detection n．侦查；探测→detector n．探测器
7．fungal adj．真菌的→fungus n．真菌
1．date back to/from 追溯到
2．what's more 更重要的是，而且
3．of all time 有史以来
4．be crowded with 挤满，充满
5．be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
6．come to exist 开始存在，产生
7．answer the call 响应号召
8．in question 有问题的，讨论中的
9．be similar to 与……相似
10．adapt to 适应
11．a variety of 各种各样的
12．be regarded as 被认为是……
13．be native to 源于……的，原产于……
14．blame．．．on．．． 把……归咎于……
15．in the end 最后，终于
16．in particular 尤其，特别
17．fight off 抵抗；击退
18．by contrast 相比之下
19．so far 到目前为止
20．carry out 实施
21．be home to 是……的栖息地
22．be harmful to 对……有害
23．do research on 研究
24．make a discovery 有发现
25．after all 毕竟；终究
26．drive away 把……赶走
27．tiny amounts of 少量的
28．as well as 和；也
29．communicate with 和……交流
30．in some ways 在某些方面
31．steal．．．from．．． 从……偷……
32．call for help 需要；需求
33．side by side 并排；肩并肩
34．be shaped like 形状像……
1．The person who answered the call was not the captain's first choice．
然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。
2．The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments．
这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。
3．It was just an idea, but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence．
虽然这只是一个设想，但它足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。
4．It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution．
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。
5．It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm．
这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。
如今，我们周围的环境变得越来越差。为了加强学生们的环保意识，美化自己的家乡，你校计划开展以“为家乡环保出谋献策”为主题的环保征文活动，警示人们保护环境。请你写一篇短文，参加征文活动。内容要点如下：
1．分析家乡环境问题的原因；
2．为建设绿色家乡，应采取什么措施(至少3点)；
3．倡议大家行动起来。
注意：1．写作词数80左右；
2．家乡的名称不要出现在作文中。
[高分范文背诵]
Suggestions for environmental protection in our hometown
With the development of our economy，the environment is worrying in my hometown．There are a lot of problems like natural disasters，global warming，pollution and so on．It is mainly because of people's behaviours．
It is high time for us to take some effective measures．First，our government should do something to reduce greenhouse gas emissions．Besides，we should form a habit of saving energy such as turning off the tap after it is used，using public transportation and recycling the waste．In addition，we can plant trees to beauty our hometown．
Protecting the environment is a duty for everyone．Let's spare no effort to make contributions to protecting the environment of our hometown．
[片段1]
From then on, she would say hello to him in the hallway, clap hands for him while he was playing basketball and sometimes helped him with some weak subjects．Unfortunately, nothing seemed to change on him over the next two weeks．Feeling rather disappointed，she was lost in deep thought, trying to find a suitable way to deal with the situation．
从那时起，她会在走廊里和他打招呼，在他打篮球的时候为他鼓掌，有时还会帮助他学习一些薄弱的科目。不幸的是，在接下来的两个星期里，他似乎没有任何变化。她感到很失望，陷入了沉思，试图找到一个合适的方法来处理这种情况。
[片段2]
When the bus arrived at the hospital, the injured girl was helped to get off．She was rushed to the Emergency Department to be examined．To their relief, the wound was not so serious due to the timely treatment．Surrounded by care and love, the injured girl was deeply moved and thanked all the people for helping her．The incident tells us that sometimes a small act of kindness can light up someone's day．
当公共汽车到达医院时，受伤的女孩被帮助下了车。她被紧急送往急诊室接受检查。使他们感到欣慰的是，由于治疗及时，伤口没有那么严重。被关心和爱包围着的受伤女孩深受感动，并感谢所有帮助她的人。这件事告诉我们，有时一个小小的善举可以照亮一个人的一天。
单元综合检测(五)
第一部分 阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
During a vacation, there are plenty of optional destinations for your family to choose from．
To help you decide, here are four of the best cities for family vacation．
Washington, D．C．
The nation's capital is a treasure place of fun family activities that just happen to be rich with history．Start off exploring the National Mall and you'll find the monuments of former presidents, such as Lincoln Memorial, and Thomas Jefferson Memorial all within walking distance．Then there are many museums．
Boston
Can't get enough of U．S．history A trip to Boston just might be for you．Go back in time by taking a tour of the USS Constitution, aka Old Ironsides．From there, walk the Freedom Trail where you'll come across such landmarks as Boston Massacre Site, Old North Church, Paul Revere House, and Bunker Hill Monument．
Los Angeles
There is always something to do in Los Angeles．For starters, enjoy a beach day on the miles and miles of coastline．Malibu, Redondo, Manhattan, Venice, and Hermosa are just a handful of sunny SoCal beaches．In need of some culture Get your art and architecture on at the Getty Center, where admission is free but you do have to pay to park．
San Francisco
If Southern California isn't your speed, perhaps Northern California is．And San Francisco is a great place for a family to explore．Start by driving, or walking, across the Golden Gate Bridge．On the west side of the city is over 1，000 acres known as Golden Gate park, home to gardens, trails, playgrounds and much more．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个最适合家庭旅行的城市。
1．Which city can you visit to know about late American presidents
A．San Francisco． B．Boston．
C．Los Angeles． D．Washington, D．C．
D [细节理解题。根据Washington，D．C．部分中的“Start off exploring the National Mall and you'll find the monuments of former presidents, such as Lincoln Memorial, and Thomas Jefferson Memorial all within walking distance．”可知，你可以去华盛顿(特区)了解已故的美国总统。故选D。]
2．Where should you pay for parking
A．At the Getty Center．
B．Along the Freedom Trail．
C．In the Golden Gate Park．
D．Near the Bunker Hill Monument．
A [细节理解题。根据Los Angeles部分中的“Get your art and architecture on at the Getty Center, where admission is free but you do have to pay to park．”可知，在盖蒂中心需要付停车费。故选A。]
3．What can you do in San Francisco
A．Visit some famous monuments．
B．Drive across the Golden Gate Park．
C．Enjoy some gardens or playgrounds．
D．Learn some culture and architecture．
C [细节理解题。根据San Francisco部分中的“On the west side of the city is over 1，000 acres known as Golden Gate park, home to gardens, trails, playgrounds and much more．”可知，在旧金山可以享受一些花园或游乐场。故选C。]
B
I love flowers and hence have taken to growing them．But, short of time to do research and experiment in growing flowers, I am no gardener at all．I really don't care whether or not my flowers will put forth plump and nice-looking blossom (花朵)．I'll be delighted as long as they can blossom．In summer, flowers and plants growing in luxuriance in my small courtyard will leave little open space as a playground for the little cats, so they have to sport about in our rooms instead．
I grow many flowers, but none of them are rare ones．It is difficult to grow a rare flower species．
And I feel bad to see a good flower dying of illness．But Beijing's climate is more or less unfit for the growing of flowers．Freezing in winter, windy in spring, and either too dry or too often visited by rainstorms in summer．While autumn is the best of all, it is often troubled by a sudden frost．In a climate like this, it is far beyond my capacity to grow precious flowers of southern breed．Therefore, I only grow flowers and plants that are hardy and enjoy a high survival rate．
Although such flowers are able to weather through by themselves, I, however, never ignore them or abandon them to their own fate, for otherwise most of them will probably end up dead．I have to care for them every day as if they were my close friends．Thus, in the course of time, I've somehow mastered flower cultivation．
It gives me much pleasure to know the right way of handling them．How interesting it is to be able to keep my flowers and plants alive and watch them thrive and bloom year in year out! It is no exaggeration to say that there is much knowledge involved in this! And the more knowledge one acquires, the better it is of course．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者养花的事情。
4．What can we learn about the author from paragraph 1
A．The author is an expert in gardening．
B．The author often experiments with flowers．
C．The author thinks the growth of flowers is important．
D．The author's yard is covered with flowers in summer．
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In summer, flowers and plants growing in luxuriance in my small courtyard will leave little open space as a playground for the little cats, so they have to sport about in our rooms instead．”可知，夏天作者的院子里开满了各种花。故选D。]
5．What's the actual reason why the author doesn't grow precious flowers
A．The author's ability is not good enough．
B．The climate in Beijing is not suitable．
C．They can not survive in the north．
D．They are too valuable．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But Beijing's climate is more or less unfit for the growing of flowers．Freezing in winter, windy in spring, and either too dry or too often visited by rainstorms in summer．While autumn is the best of all, it is often troubled by a sudden frost．In a climate like this, it is far beyond my capacity to grow precious flowers of southern breed．”可知，作者不种名贵品种的花是因为北京的天气不适合。故选B。]
6．What makes the author happy from planting
A．Increased knowledge．
B．Manual labour．
C．Brilliant colours．
D．Close friendship．
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段“It gives me much pleasure to know the right way of handling them．How interesting it is to be able to keep my flowers and plants alive and watch them thrive and bloom year in year out! It is no exaggeration to say that there is much knowledge involved in this! And the more knowledge one acquires, the better it is of course．”可知，作者从养花中得到很多知识，这使得作者很高兴，故选A。]
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Rare Flowers in Beijing
B．About Loving Flowers
C．On Growing Flowers
D．Learning to Plant Flowers
C [主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中的“I love flowers and hence have taken to growing them．”可知，文章主要讲述了作者养花的事情。C项“关于养花”为最佳标题，故选C。]
C
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research．Recent studies have found positive effects．A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example，discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime．In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants．
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions．These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater．“We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano，a professor of chemical engineering at MIT．
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables．Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours．The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start．The technology，Strano said，could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps．
In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime．The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight．
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US．Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输)．Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与植物有关的研究，重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容。
8．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．A new study of different plants．
B．A big fall in crime rates．
C．Employees from various workplaces．
D．Benefits from green plants．
D [主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Recent studies have found positive effects．” 可知，D选项“Benefits from green plants”能概括本段内容。]
9．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A．To detect plants' lack of water．
B．To change compositions of plants．
C．To make the life of plants longer．
D．To test chemicals in plants．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water．．．”可知，A选项正确。根据该句后半部分“a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater”可知，干扰项D选项错误。]
10．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A．They will speed up energy production．
B．They may transmit electricity to the home．
C．They might help reduce energy consumption．
D．They could take the place of power plants．
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy．”可推知，在未来发光的植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。]
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Can we grow more glowing plants
B．How do we live with glowing plants
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free
C [主旨大意题。文章第一段点明植物的积极作用；第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光；第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”；第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗？)最能凸显本文主题。]
D
Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions．Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too．A paper published in the journal Trends in Plant Science details how plants are rapidly adapting to the effects of climate change, and how they are passing down these adaptations to their offspring(后代)．
Plants are facing more environmental stresses than ever．For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding．“Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time，” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence．“As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering．These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce．”
Because plants don't have neural(神经的) networks, their memory is based entirely on cellular(细胞的)，molecular(分子的)，and biochemical networks．These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory(体细胞记忆)．“It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly，” says Martinelli．
These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants' offspring via epigenetics(表现遗传学)．“Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses，” says Martinelli．
Going forward, Martinelli hopes to understand even more about the genes that are being passed down．“We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic alphabet without changes in DNA sequence(序列)，”he says．“This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是植物像动物一样，可以迅速地适应不利的条件，同时分析了植物能快速适应不利条件，并将这些适应传递给下一代的原因。
12．What adaptations have plants made to shortened cold seasons
A．They have shortened their flowering time．
B．They have got more chances to reproduce．
C．They have avoided flowering in cold seasons．
D．They have adjusted their environmental clock．
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For example, climate change is making winters shorter in many locations, and plants are responding．‘Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time’．．．”可知，为了适应缩短的寒冷季节，植物会设置环境时钟来定义开花时间。故选D项。]
13．What can we learn about somatic memory
A．It is entirely based on neural networks．
B．It can help the plants' offspring to survive．
C．It can help relieve environmental stresses．
D．It disturbs the plants' biochemical networks．
B [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“These somatic memories can then be passed to the plants' offspring via epigenetics．”可知，这些体细胞记忆通过表现遗传学传给下一代，由此可以判断，体细胞记忆可以帮助下一代生存下来。故选B项。]
14．What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4
A．Adjusting． B．Treasuring．
C．Recording． D．Sharing．
A [词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering．These mechanisms allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce．”可知，这些机制使植物能够调整自己在繁殖机会少的时期避免开花，这是植物调整适应环境变化的结果，画线单词所在句“Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular mechanisms modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses”谈论的是有几个例子表明存在这样的“分子机制”调节植物记忆来适应环境的变化，与第二段阐述的与“这些机制”允许植物调节花期适应环境的内容相当，故该单词意为“调节”。故选A项。]
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Plants Are Smart About Flowering Time
B．Plants Can Also Adapt to Climate Change
C．Environmental Stresses Challenge Plants
D．Mysteries of Plant Genes Are to Be Unfolded
B [标题归纳题。根据首段中的“Animals can adapt quickly to survive unfavorable environmental conditions．Evidence is mounting to show that plants can, too．”并结合下文围绕该话题举例说明和分析植物能快速适应不利条件的原因可知，本文主要是陈述植物和动物一样能快速适应不利条件。故选B项。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
U．N．Report Warns Nature Crisis
A new U．N．report focuses on the negative effects of human activity on nature．It says one million plant and animal species on land，in the seas and in the sky are now in danger of extinction．
The 1，800-page report took three years to finish． 16 The Earth has always suffered from human activity，it says．However，these scratches(划伤)have become deep scars(伤疤)over the past 50 years．Species are going to extinct several hundred times faster than the average rate during the past ten million years．It's something that has never happened before in human history．
17 Since 1970，the human population has doubled．The global economy has grown by four times．To feed，clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world，lots of forests have been cut down． 18 Furthermore，hunting，overfishing and pollution have also been killing species in great numbers．
The problem can be fixed，the report says． 19 The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly．The report suggests governments move away from using GDP as a key measure of development．Long-term effects must be considered，too．
Professor Eduardo Brondizio of Indiana University is an author of the report．He says，“We all know what needs to be done．The knowledge is there． 20 ”
A．However，this requires many changes．
B．Over 120 wildlife species are facing extinction．
C．Only experts know how to address the problem．
D．The report listed several causes for the situation．
E．There just needs to be a greater will to take action．
F．It draws on the work of 450 scientists from dozens of countries．
G．Between 1980 and 2000，one million square kilometers of tropical(热带的) forest were lost．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一份新的聚焦于人类活动对自然的负面影响的联合国报告：海陆空的100万种植物和动物因为人类活动而正面临灭绝的危险，问题可以解决，但是要真正付诸行动。
16．F [上文“The 1，800-page report took three years to finish．”说明联合国报告花费了很长时间，F项中It指代上文中的报告，F项“它借鉴了来自数十个国家的450名科学家的成果。”进一步说明这份报告借鉴了很多人的工作成果，承接上文，符合题意。故选F。]
17．D [下文“Since 1970，the human population has doubled．．．fast-changing world，lots of forests have been cut down．”说明造成物种灭绝速度增长的原因，D项“报告列出了造成这种情况的几个原因。”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。]
18．G [上文“To feed，clothe and give energy to this fast-changing world，lots of forests have been cut down．”说明许多森林被砍伐，G项“1980年至2000年间，100万平方千米的热带森林消失。”说明了森林砍伐的结果，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。]
19．A [上文“The problem can be fixed，the report says．”说明这一问题可以解决，下文“The amount of land and sea that is under protection needs to increase rapidly．”说明解决问题需要做出的改变，A项“然而，这需要许多改变。”承上启下，符合题意，其中“this”代指上文“The problem can be fixed”。故选A。]
20．E [上文“We all know what needs to be done．The knowledge is there．”说明大家都知道应该采取什么行动，E项“只需要有更大的意愿来采取行动。”说明Eduardo Brondizio希望大家更愿意采取行动，承接上文，符合题意。故选E。]
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Most people suffer from what is known as “just-me-ism”．What is that？Well，say you leave the tap 21 while you brush your teeth，or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up．You know that all those things are 22 ，but so what？“What 23 can it possibly make？”you say to yourself．“And anyway，no one will 24 ．”You are not 25 ．But this kind of thought would be very 26 ．
To 27 young people to take action for the environment，Roots & Shoots(根与芽)was established in the early 1990s by Dr Jane Goodall．The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a 28 foundation，and shoots seem small and 29 ，but they can 30 brick walls to reach the light．The roots and shoots are you，your friends and young people all around the world．Dr Jane Goodall believes that every individual 31 ．
You get to choose：Do you want to use your life to make the world a 32 place for people，animals and the environment？Do you want to make Roots & Shoots 33 in everyone's heart？Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared 34 ？You cannot be 35 ．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了珍·古道尔博士创立的“根与芽”组织。这一组织激励年轻人为环境采取行动，强调每个人都很重要，都可以为人类、动物和环境创造一个更美好的世界。
21．A．running B．filling
C．destroyed D．waited
A [考查动词。根据空后“while you brush your teeth，or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up”可知，是在对生活中浪费的行为进行举例，此处指让水龙头开着，应用动词run。故选A。]
22．A．fair B．complete
C．frightening D．wrong
D [考查形容词。上文提到的“or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up”是错误的行为。故选D。]
23．A．difference B．favour
C．choice D．concern
A [考查名词。根据空后“can it possibly make”指浪费行为产生影响，应用make a difference(产生影响)。故选A。]
24．A．take B．target
C．involve D．know
D [考查动词。不关水龙头和乱丢垃圾都是个人行为，所以没有人知道。故选D。]
25．A．polite B．alone
C．strange D．popular
B [考查形容词。根据上文“Most people suffer from what is known as ‘just-me-ism’．”可知，不止你一个人有这种想法。故选B。]
26．A．attractive B．harmful
C．amazing D．unique
B [考查形容词。结合上文“But this kind of thought would be very”中But表示转折，说明“只有我一人知道自己的浪费行为”的这种想法有害。故选B。]
27．A．respect B．inform
C．force D．inspire
D [考查动词。根据空后“young people to take action for the environment”可知，“根与芽”组织的目的是激励年轻人为环境采取行动。故选D。]
28．A．wise B．firm
C．difficult D．sharp
B [考查形容词。根据上文“roots move slowly under the ground to make a”可知，根在地下缓慢移动，形成了一个坚实的基础。故选B。]
29．A．light B．weak
C．ugly D．special
B [考查形容词。根据上文“shoots seem small and”可知，芽看起来又小又弱。故选B。]
30．A．find B．break
C．avoid D．forget
B [考查动词。根据空后“brick walls to reach the light”可知，芽看起来又小又弱，但它们可以打破砖墙，获得阳光。故选B。]
31．A．takes B．plans
C．matters D．notices
C [考查动词。根据上文“The roots and shoots are you，your friends and young people all around the world．”可知，根帮助形成一个坚实的基础，芽打破砖墙、获得阳光，根和芽很重要，每个人都是“根与芽”，因此珍·古道尔博士认为保护环境，每个人都很重要。故选C。]
32．A．happy B．quiet
C．final D．better
D [考查形容词。根据上文“Do you want to use your life to make the world a”可知，此处表示用你的生命为人类、动物和环境创造一个更美好的世界。故选D。]
33．A．rooted B．reached
C．missed D．found
A [考查动词。根据空后“in everyone's heart”可知，此处表示让这个组织扎根在每个人心中。故选A。]
34．A．house B．future
C．location D．material
B [考查名词。根据上文“Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared”可知，此处表示成为命运共同体的一份子。故选B。]
35．A．lost B．impressed
C．absent D．worried
C [考查形容词。结合上文可知，这一组织希望鼓励年轻人采取行动保护环境，所以每个人都很重要，不能缺席。故选C。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whales have been facing serious danger for a long time．
First, due 36． the greenhouse effect, glaciers are melting, and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic are in danger of 37． (extinct)．Besides, with global warming becoming worse, life in other parts of the ocean has also been 38． (constant) affected, including whales．
Secondly, whaling activity is another killer．Historically, whaling has been popular in some overseas countries, such as England, Japan and Norway．39． (regard) whales as a money-making machine is the reason why some people's whaling can't 40． (stop) easily．A kilogram of whale meat can fetch about $100 in Japan．Besides, advanced technology has increased the efficiency of whaling, 41． greatly reduced the number of whales．What's more, some countries are still on whaling in 42． name of science．
The fact that whales have become endangered animals is alarming us．Some 43． (organisation) have realized the importance of saving them and have begun working hard to do something for them．The international community 44． (make) a strategy against commercial whaling．In my opinion, governments should also make laws 45． (protect) whales．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲸鱼长期以来面临灭绝的主要原因，以及国际组织对这一问题的重视。
36．to [考查固定短语。句意：首先，由于温室效应，冰川正在融化，南极和北极的一些生物正面临灭绝的危险。due to为固定短语表示“因为，由于”，故填to。]
37．extinction [考查名词。句意：首先，由于温室效应，冰川正在融化，南极和北极的一些生物正面临灭绝的危险。介词后接名词extinction，作宾语，是不可数名词，故填extinction。]
38．constantly [考查副词。句意：此外，随着全球变暖越来越严重，海洋的其他部分的生命也不断受到影响，包括鲸鱼。修饰动词affected应用副词constantly，作状语。故填constantly。]
39．Regarding [考查动词-ing形式。句意：把鲸鱼当作赚钱的机器，这就是为什么有些人的捕鲸行为不能轻易制止的原因。此处作主语，表示一般性的行为，应用动词-ing形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Regarding。]
40．be stopped [考查被动语态。句意：把鲸鱼当作赚钱的机器，这就是为什么有些人的捕鲸行为不能轻易制止的原因。stop与some people's whaling构成被动关系，用被动语态，且can't后跟动词原形。故填be stopped。]
41．which [考查定语从句。句意：此外，先进的技术提高了捕鲸的效率，大大减少了鲸鱼的数量。分析可知，空处应为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。]
42．the [考查冠词。句意：更重要的是，一些国家仍然以科学的名义捕鲸。in the name of为固定短语，表示“以……的名义”，故填the。]
43．organisations [考查名词的数。句意：一些组织已经意识到拯救它们的重要性，并开始努力为它们做一些事情。organisation为可数名词，由some修饰应用复数形式。故填organisations。]
44．has made [考查时态。句意：国际社会制定了一项反对商业捕鲸战略。表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为The international community，助动词用has。故填has made。]
45．to protect [考查不定式。句意：在我看来，政府也应该制订法律，保护鲸鱼。分析句子可知，此处表目的，要用不定式，作目的状语。故填to protect。]
第三部分 写作
第一节
假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“保护地球”(Earth First)的摄影展。请给你校交换生吉姆(Jim)写封邮件，邀请他来看展览，内容包括：
1．展览的时间和地点；
2．展览的目的及内容。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim，
How's everything？
Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Jim,
How's everything I'm writing to invite you to the upcoming photography exhibition themed “Earth First” in our school．
The exhibition is scheduled to start at 9 am this Sunday in the school art gallery, lasting for 3 hours．It is aimed at raising students' awareness of environmental conservation and encouraging eco-friendly behaviour．A total of 100 photos taken by both teachers and students will be on display, presenting the stunning beauty of nature, landscapes and wildlife as well as the impact of human activities on our planet．
I believe your passion for photography and concern for the earth make you an ideal guest for this activity．Looking forward to your presence．
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day my grandfather gave me a gift — a piggy bank．It had an opening through which one could put money in, but the opening was not big enough to reach in and get the money out．The only way to get at the money was to break the piggy bank open．My grandfather explained that was the whole idea; the piggy bank would help save my money so that, at the end of the year，I might have enough for that bike I dreamt about．He asked if I would put some of the money he gave me into the piggy bank．I agreed immediately and promised that I wouldn't break it open until I could afford my dream bike．
Whenever he gave me a little bit of money, he would say, “This is for spending．But you can save some and put it in the piggy bank if you want to save it up．”When he gave me larger amounts, it was clearly for saving in the piggy bank．For some time, this worked fine．I loved shaking the piggy bank and hearing the sound of the coins．As it became heavier, I grew more excited, dreaming about buying my new bike, and all the adventures I could have on it．
Whenever I wanted to take some money from the piggy bank to buy delicious ice creams or beautiful pens，I would imagine riding my bike on the street，and thinking of that, my thoughts about ice creams or pens went away．So for almost six months, I only put money into the piggy bank without taking any out．I thought I wouldn't break my piggy bank for anything．But one day something unexpected happened．I saw a piece of news on the television that a serious earthquake had happened in a nearby province．As many houses were destroyed, a lot of children became homeless．Seeing their shabby clothes and crying faces, I was sleepless that night．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I knew I should do something．
My grandfather was surprised by my behaviour．
[参考范文]
I knew I should do something．I went to my piggy bank and was about to break it and withdraw money when my mind came back to the bike I wanted to buy, and I hesitated．Thinking of the look in the eyes of the children hoping for help in the earthquake, I grabbed the piggy bank and threw it to the ground．Suddenly, the coins rolled all over the floor．“Yes, those children need help and need the money more，”I said to myself．
My grandfather was surprised by my behaviour．When he realized what had happened, he fondly touched my head and said, “Good boy, you did the right thing．Grandpa is proud of you．”He continued, “My dear grandson, you deserve that bicycle．As a bonus, let's buy that bike together now．Then, go for a spring outing by bike．“Thank you, Grandpa．” I was overwhelmed with happiness．
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