Period 1 单元词汇表(Words and expressions)
1． seed n．种子，籽 2．sample n．样本 3．ancestor n．(动物的)原种，祖先 4．decline v．减少 5．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 6．goat n．山羊 7．primitive adj．原始的， 低等的 8．root n．根 9．link v．把……联系起来；连接 10．centimetre n．厘米 1． The hearts of the people of all the nationalities are linked (link) to each other． 2．The difference between the two samples (sample) was not statistically significant． 3．If you lose your job，you'll only have yourself to blame (blame)． 4．The number of staff has declined (decline) from 217，000 to 114，000． 5．Scientific evidence suggests that sea levels here will rise by at least 30 centimetres (centimetre) by 2030． 6．Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors (ancestor)．
1．distant adj．遥远的→ distance n．距离 2．geology n．地理学→ geologist n．地质学家 3．evolve v．进化→ evolution n．进化(论) → evolved adj．进化的 4．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑人，可疑分子→ suspicion n．怀疑，疑心，嫌疑→ suspicious adj．怀疑的，可疑的 5．generate v．产生，创造→ generation n．一代；产生 6．character n．特点；角色；人物→ characteristic n．特征，特性 7．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→ detective n．侦探，警探→ detection n．侦查；探测→ detector n．探测器 1．Though there is a long distance between Tom and his family, they don't feel distant．(distant) 2．The police suspected that two of the suspects caught yesterday were connected with another case．They were more suspicious．(suspect) 3．There are five characters in this play, but they have their own characteristics．(character) 4．Small quantities of poison were detected in the dead man's stomach．The detection of crime is not always easy．(detect) 5．The keynote speech is about the evolution (evolve) of the computer． 6．The singer is regarded as a representative of the youth of her generation (generate)．
1．of all time 有史以来 2．be crowded with 挤满，充满 3．be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事 4．come to exist 开始存在，产生 5．in question 有问题的，讨论中的 6．adapt to 适应 7．be native to 源于……的，原产于…… 8．blame．．．on．．． 把……归咎于…… 9．a variety of 各种各样的 10． drive．．．away 赶走…… 11．tiny amounts of 少量的 1．Many countries have adopted birds that are native to the country or which migrate through the region． 2．The police vehicle drove away quickly with its lights flashing． 3．The boy wondered how the universe first came to exist． 4．Though not very big, the restaurant is popular in our area．It is always crowded with customers at mealtimes． 5．The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change．
由新知联想已知
1．geologist n．地质学家 [联想] 含“-ist(人)”词根的名词 ①novelist 小说家 ②dentist 牙医 ③physicist 物理学家 ④receptionist 接待员 ⑤chemist 化学家 ⑥pianist 钢琴家 ⑦biologist 生物学家 ⑧typist 打字员 2．answer the call 响应号召 [联想] “响应号召”的其他表达 ①reply the call ②respond to the call
第一篇课文(Understanding ideas)
①distant countries yet little known遥远而不知名的国家
②answer the call响应号召
③one's first choice某人的首选
④what's more再者，而且
⑤one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time有史以来最重要的科学发现之一
⑥in question被提及的，讨论中的，相关的
⑦Charles Darwin查尔斯·达尔文(1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日)，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人，出版《物种起源》。
⑧(be) fascinated by对……入迷；被……迷住
⑨be crowded with挤满……
⑩come to exist开始存在
at the same time同时
be similar to和……相似
adapt to their changing environments适应它们变化的环境
Galápagos Islands加拉帕戈斯群岛
a variety of new species多种多样的新物种
according to根据，按照
over time随着时间的推移
the answer to．．．……的答案
a theory of evolution进化论
be regarded as被认为是
A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known①”．The person who answered the call② was not the captain's first choice③．It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree．What's more④，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”． [1]Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑤．
[1]句中的predicting．．．是动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰a letter。
The young man in question⑥，Charles Darwin⑦，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by⑧ rocks，plants and animals．He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831．The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments．After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with⑨ samples of the plants and animals he had collected．As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist⑩？
At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time ，and had not changed since．But Darwin began to think differently．He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other．Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments ？It was just an idea，but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence．
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species ，but it was the birds that interested him the most[2]．Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands．It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island．[3]
[2]此处为“It was．．．that．．．”强调句型，强调主语the birds。
[3]句中的what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before． [4]Over time ，it had slowly evolved into many new species．And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors．
[4]that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a common ancestor。
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution ．Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species[5]．It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm．Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life．They were shocked．But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory． [6]
[5]On the Origin of Species是his book的同位语。
[6]so．．．that．．．如此……以至于；that引导结果状语从句。
Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written [7]．It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever．And it all began with the journey on the Beagle．
[7]ever written为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰works，相当于定语从句that were ever written。
发现之旅
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？
当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。
1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。
达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共27张PPT)
Period 1
Unit 5 Revealing nature
主题语境
人与自然—— 自然科学研究成果
1．____ n．种子，籽
2．______ n．样本
3．________ n．(动物的)原种，祖先
4．_______ v．减少
5．_____ v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
课时练案 单元词汇表(Words and expressions)
seed
sample
ancestor
decline
blame
6．goat n．____
7．_________ adj．原始的， 低等的
8．____ n．根
9．____ v．把……联系起来；连接
10．__________ n．厘米
山羊
primitive
root
link
centimetre
1． The hearts of the people of all the nationalities __________ (link) to each other．
2．The difference between the two _______ (sample) was not statistically significant．
3．If you lose your job，you'll only have yourself ________ (blame)．
4．The number of staff ____________ (decline) from 217，000 to 114，000．
5．Scientific evidence suggests that sea levels here will rise by at least 30 ___________ (centimetre) by 2030．
6．Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ________ (ancestor)．
are linked
samples
to blame
has declined
centimetres
ancestors
1．distant adj．遥远的→ ________ n．距离
2．geology n．地理学→ _________ n．地质学家
3．evolve v．进化→ _________ n．进化(论) → _______ adj．进化的
4．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑人，可疑分子→ _________ n．怀疑，疑心，嫌疑→ __________ adj．怀疑的，可疑的
distance
geologist
evolution
evolved
suspicion
suspicious
5．generate v．产生，创造→ __________ n．一代；产生
6．character n．特点；角色；人物→ ______________ n．特征，特性
7．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→ _________ n．侦探，警探→ __________ n．侦查；探测→ ________ n．探测器
generation
characteristic
detective
detection
detector
1．Though there is a long ________ between Tom and his family, they don't feel _______．(distant)
2．The police _________ that two of the ________ caught yesterday were connected with another case．They were more ______________．
(suspect)
3．There are five __________ in this play, but they have their own _______________．(character)
distance
distant
suspected
suspects
suspicious
characters
characteristics
4．Small quantities of poison were ________ in the dead man's stomach．The _________ of crime is not always easy．(detect)
5．The keynote speech is about the _________ (evolve) of the computer．
6．The singer is regarded as a representative of the youth of her __________ (generate)．
detected
detection
evolution
generation
1．___________ 有史以来
2．_______________ 挤满，充满
3．_____________ 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
4．_____________ 开始存在，产生
5．___________ 有问题的，讨论中的
of all time
be crowded with
be a disgrace
come to exist
in question
6．________ 适应
7．____________ 源于……的，原产于……
8．___________________ 把……归咎于……
9．____________ 各种各样的
10． __________________ 赶走……
11．_______________ 少量的
adapt to
be native to
blame．．．on．．．
a variety of
drive．．．away
tiny amounts of
1．Many countries have adopted birds that _____________ the country or which migrate through the region．
2．The police vehicle __________ quickly with its lights flashing．
3．The boy wondered how the universe first _____________．
4．Though not very big, the restaurant is popular in our area．It __ always ____________ customers at mealtimes．
5．The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to
________ the change．
are native to
drove away
came to exist
is
crowded with
adapt to
词汇联想 由新知联想已知
⑥pianist 钢琴家
⑦biologist 生物学家
⑧typist 打字员
2．answer the call 响应号召
[联想] “响应号召”的其他表达
①reply the call
②respond to the call
1．geologist n．地质学家
[联想] 含“-ist(人)”词根的名词
①novelist 小说家
②dentist 牙医
③physicist 物理学家
④receptionist 接待员
⑤chemist 化学家
①distant countries yet little known遥远而不知名的国家
②answer the call响应号召
③one's first choice某人的首选
④what's more再者，而且
⑤one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time有史以来最重要的科学发现之一
课下预习 第一篇课文(Understanding ideas)
⑥in question被提及的，讨论中的，相关的
⑦Charles Darwin查尔斯·达尔文(1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日)，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人，出版《物种起源》。
⑧(be) fascinated by对……入迷；被……迷住
⑨be crowded with挤满……
⑩come to exist开始存在
at the same time同时
be similar to和……相似
adapt to their changing environments适应它们变化的环境
Galápagos Islands加拉帕戈斯群岛
a variety of new species多种多样的新物种
according to根据，按照
over time随着时间的推移
the answer to...……的答案
a theory of evolution进化论
be regarded as被认为是
A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known①”．The person who answered the call② was not the captain's first choice③．It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree．What's more④，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”． [1]Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time⑤．
[1]句中的predicting...是动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰a letter。
The young man in question⑥，Charles Darwin⑦，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by⑧ rocks，plants and animals．He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831．The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments．After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with⑨ samples of the plants and animals he had collected．As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist⑩？
At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time ，and had not changed since．But Darwin began to think differently．He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other．Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments ？It was just an idea，but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence．
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species ，but it was the birds that interested him the most[2]．Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands．It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island．[3]
[2]此处为“It was．．．that．．．”强调句型，强调主语the birds。
[3]句中的what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before． [4]Over time ，it had slowly evolved into many new species．And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors．
[4]that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a common ancestor。
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution ．Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species[5]．It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm．Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life．They were shocked．But Darwin's scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory． [6]
[5]On the Origin of Species是his book的同位语。
[6]so．．．that．．．如此……以至于；that引导结果状语从句。
Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written [7]．It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever．And it all began with the journey on the Beagle．
[7]ever written为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰works，相当于定语从句that were ever written。
发现之旅
贝格尔号的船长想要招募这样一名船员，这名船员将能“借此机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国度并从中受益”。然而来应聘的人并不是船长心中的理想人选。这个年轻人从医学院肄业，并且在他刚收到的家书中，父亲预言他将会成为“自己和全家人的耻辱”。尽管如此，他的这次乘船探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的一项科学发现。
我们提到的这个年轻人就是地质学家和博物学家查尔斯·达尔文，他对岩石和动植物有着浓厚的兴趣。1831年，他搭乘贝格尔号从英格兰启程。这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。在南美洲度过一段时间后，他的船舱里堆满了收集到的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本时，他产生了疑问：这些不同的物种是如何产生的？
当时，人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的，并从此再无变化。但达尔文开始有了不同的想法。他注意到，有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。也许动物为了适应不断变化的环境会逐渐进化？虽然这只是一个设想，但足够鼓舞达尔文去寻求更多证据。
1835年，当贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛的时候，达尔文发现了各种各样的新物种，但是其中最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到，在群岛中的每一个小岛上，雀鸟之间有所不同。它们的喙似乎是根据所在岛屿上可觅得的食物进化而来的。
达尔文猜想，这里所有的雀鸟都由共同的祖先进化而来。很久以前，雀鸟的祖先来到这片群岛，随着时间推移，慢慢进化成许多新的种类。于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。
这是一个全新的观点——进化论。达尔文在他的《物种起源》一书中对此进行了解释。这本书直到1859年才出版，出版后立即引起轰动。很多人拒绝相信包括人在内的所有生命都是从更低级的生命形式进化而来的。他们对此感到震惊。然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。
如今，《物种起源》被认为是迄今为止最重要的著作之一。它彻底地改变了人类对于地球上生命的认识。而这一切都开始于贝格尔号的探索之旅。
