Period 4 单元语法讲练(Using language)
1．pull off 脱下；(成功地)完成；驶离
pull away (车辆等)驶离；开走
pull in (车辆等)进站；停靠
pull down 拆除；使受挫；使虚弱
pull on (匆忙地)穿上
pull out 驶出车站；撤离
pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关
pull up 拔起；停下来；阻止
pull over 把……开到路边；靠岸
pull together 齐心协力；通力合作
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The train pulled in and all the passengers got off．
②They are pulling down some houses to make room for a new hotel．
③Everyone was very concerned about whether he would pull through or not．
④So long as we pull together，there's no mountain top we can't conquer．
⑤She pulls off her hat and her hair blows across her mouth．
⑥他注意到后面一辆蓝色车里的一个男人示意他靠边停车。
He noticed a man behind him in a blue car gesticulating to pull over．
2．disturb v．干扰，扰乱
(1)disturbing adj． 令人不安的；令人烦恼的
It's disturbing that．．． ……令人不安。
(2)disturbed adj． 心烦意乱的；烦恼的
be disturbed about 因……而感到心神不安
be mentally disturbed 精神不安
(3)Don't disturb! 请勿打扰！
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①However，I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing (disturb) reports of camps among tons of rubbish．
②He was disturbed (disturb) to hear of her illness．
③对不起，打扰一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？
I'm sorry to disturb you，but can I talk to you for a moment
④我们没有听到他的消息，深感不安。
It is very disturbing that we haven't heard from him．
3．lay v．放置；搁；下 (蛋)；产 (卵)
lay aside 把……搁置一旁
lay down 放下；制订
lay off 解雇；停止做
lay out 摆出；铺开；布置；设计
注意下列词形变化：
lay—laid—laid—laying 放置；产(卵)
lie—lay—lain—lying 躺；位于
lie—lied—lied—lying 撒谎
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is no greater pleasure than lying (lie) on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring at the night sky．
②The survivors lay (lie) on the beach，exhausted and shocked．
③The moment the bell rang，he laid (lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom．
④这家工厂在12月解雇了50名工人。
The factory laid off 50 workers in December．
⑤他在地上铺了一张报纸，把盘子放在了上面。
He laid a sheet of newspaper on the floor and put the plate on it．
4．in harmony with 与……和谐相处；与……协调/一致
(1)live in harmony with 与……融洽地生活
out of harmony with 与……不协调
(2)harmonious adj． 融洽的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In this heavenly world，people live in perfect harmony with nature and the outside world is forgotten．
②Their harmonious (harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals．
③快乐的人是爱好和平的人，他们和别人和睦相处。
Happy people are peaceful people and they live in harmony with others．
④是他们与现实世界格格不入。
It was they that were out of harmony with the actual world．
5．use up 用光
(1)use up是及物动词短语，后面接宾语，可用于被动语态。
(2)give out/run out是不及物动词短语，后面不可接宾语，也不可用于被动语态。
(3)run out of是及物动词短语，后面接宾语，但一般不用于被动语态。
[即学即练] 完成句子/一句多译
①不要把肥皂用尽，留一些给我用。
Don't use up all the soap．Leave me some to wash with．
②由于所有的钱都用完了，这个人不得不以乞讨为生。
With all the money used up，the man had to make a living by begging．
③倘若所有的能源都用完了，我们该怎么办？
a．What should we do if we use up all the energy
b．What should we do if we run out of all the energy
c．What should we do if all the energy gives/runs out
d．What should we do if all the energy is used up
6．be concerned about/for 为……担心/关心……
(1)concerned adj． 关心的；担心的；有关的；有牵连的
be concerned with/in．．． 与……有关
as/so far as．．．be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern n． [U]担心；关切；[C]关心的人(或)事
vt． 涉及，参与；(使)担忧
show concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心
[名师点津] concerned 用作形容词时意为“担忧的，关心的”；用作后置定语意为“相关的，有关的”。另外concerning 用作介词时意为“关于，对于”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about/for increasing screen time．
②There is a column in China Daily concerning(concern) language study．
③They show great concern about/for my life and study．
④就我而言，父母应该关注与孩子身心健康有关的问题。
As far as I am concerned, parents should be concerned about the problems that are concerned with the children's physical and mental health．
1．whether引导的名词性从句
(教材P89)Here in our city，there is a heated discussion about whether a hotel should be built at White Beach．
在我们的城市里，有一个关于是否应该在白沙滩上建一个旅馆的热烈讨论。
[句式分析] 句中whether是连词，引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
I don't know whether or not he will take part in the meeting．
我不知道他是否参加会议。
只用whether的情况：在宾语从句中与or not连用时；引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句或用在介词之后或动词不定式之前时。
[名师点津] 在宾语从句中(介词后除外)、be＋形容词之后、it作形式主语的句型中，if和whether可通用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was not sure if/whether the manager's answer was right．
②Whether the students can pass the exam is not certain．
③It remains to be seen whether or not she was lying．
④Scientists wonder whether/if there is a link between the two species．
⑤那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
It depends on whether you can do the work well．
2．even though/even if引导的让步状语从句
(教材P89)Even though the owner of the company guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful surroundings，the local people are still concerned that．．．
尽管公司的老板保证设计将与周围优美的环境和谐共处，但是当地人仍然担心……
[句式分析] even though/even if通常引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
Even if/though we can't live forever，we are living a longer life than ever before．
即使我们不能永生，我们也比以往任何时候活得都长久。
(1)引导让步状语从句的连词还有though，although，as等。
(2)在倒装语序的让步状语从句中，通常用though或as，不用although，even though。
[名师点津] 当状语从句用although/though/as/even though时，不能与but连用，但可与yet连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He still missed the train although/though he had taken a taxi．
②He won't come to our party even if invited (invite)．
③Young as/though I am，I already know what career I want to follow．
④We have decided to visit the museum even though it rains (rain)tomorrow．
⑤虽然竹子实际上是一种草，但它看起来更像一棵树。
Although/Though bamboo is really a kind of grass, it looks more like a tree．
现在完成进行时
一、 现在完成进行时的构成和用法
1．构成： have/has been doing
2．基本用法：
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能继续下去。常与all this time、this week、this month、all night、all the morning、recently等以及“since＋时间点”“for＋时间段”等时间状语连用。
—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
——打扰了，你们在等哪部电影？
—The new one．We have been waiting here for more than two hours．
——新上映的那部，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。
(2)表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end．
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，(将来)他们的努力一定会得到回报。
(3)表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作。
The teacher has been telling us to be careful all the term．
这个学期，老师一直在告诉我们要细心。
(4)表达较重的感彩。
You have been daydreaming but never make an effort．
你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。
3．相关的时间状语
现在完成进行时常与all the time，all the morning，these few days，all night等表示一段时间的状语连用。另外，如果表示某一动作的起点，可用since引导的短语或从句；如果表示某一动作的全部时间，可用for引导的短语。
He has been hoping for a raise in salary all the time．
他一直盼着加薪。
They have been quarreling since two days ago．
两天以来他们一直在吵架。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①I have been reading (read) Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms recently．
②He has been playing (play) tennis since he was eight．
③Hello！At last！I have been telephoning (telephone) you all the morning．
④We have been discussing (discuss) the matter all this year．
⑤Now that she is out of work，Lucy has been considering(consider) going back to school recently，but she hasn't decided yet．
二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法区别
时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复
现在完成进行时 强调动作的持续性 可表示动作的反复
现在完成时 强调动作对现在的影响或产生的后果 不表示动作的反复
The car is OK now．I've repaired it．
这辆车现在可以开了，我已经把它修好了。(已经完成)
Marty has been working really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday．
马蒂一直在努力写书，他认为周五就能完成写作。(尚未完成)
Have you been meeting her lately
你最近跟她见面吗？(强调动作的重复)
Have you met her lately
你最近跟她见过面吗？(强调结果)
[即时训练2] 完成句子
①她一直在做作业。
She has been doing her homework．
②她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。
Her eyes are red．It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time．
③上个星期天开始就一直下雪。
It has been snowing since last Sunday．
④你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。
Your clothes are covered with dust．You have been cleaning the classroom，I think．
⑤2019年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。
My sister has been learning English since 2019．
三、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1．see，hear，know，have，like，be等状态动词不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
He has been having a cold for two weeks．(×)
He has had a cold for two weeks． (√)
2．不具有延续意义的动词，如finish，come，go等不能用于现在完成进行时，但是可用于现在完成时。
约翰已经回家了。
John has been coming home． (×)
John has come home． (√)
[即时训练3] 翻译句子
①他写了一封信。
He has written a letter．
②他一直在写一封信。
He has been writing a letter．
③我在图书馆见过他。
I have met him in the library．
④我经常在图书馆看见他。
I have been meeting him in the library．
⑤这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天。
The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day．
⑥这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了。
The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day．
短文语境填空
Lately, I 1．have been thinking (think) about changing my job because I 2．have become (become) unsatisfied with the conditions at my company．The company where I 3．have been working (work) since five years ago 4．has announced (announce) that it will cut 100 jobs because of the bad economic environment．Although I 5．haven't decided (not, decide) which job I will take next, I am making preparations for what I will do next．So, do you have any idea for me
第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
①Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁
reef n．[C]礁；礁脉
a coral reef 珊瑚礁
②accommodation n．[U]住处
③via prep．通过(某人、某机器等)传送(某物)；借助于
④update n．[熟词生义][C]最新消息，快讯
⑤promote vt．推广；促销，推销
⑥means n．[C](单复数同形)方法，手段，途径
means to do sth．/means of doing sth．做某事的方法
⑦highlight vt．突出；强调
⑧outer space外太空；外层空间
⑨be made up of由……组成
⑩host n．[C](寄生动植物的)宿主，寄主
under threat 受到威胁
candidate n．[C]申请者
prove vt．证明；证实 linking verb 证明是，被发现是
applicant n．[C]申请人
in addition to．．．除……之外
in addition此外
appearance n．[C]公开露面；演出；出庭；抵达，到来
favour n．[U]支持，赞同
in favour of支持，赞同
defence n．[C]辩解；辩白；[U]防御；保护；保卫
presenter n．(广播、电视)节目主持人；演讲人；(仪式上的)颁奖人
TV presenter 电视节目主持人
conference presenter会议发言人
advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)
THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD
How would you like to spend six months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef①？ The working hours are flexible and accommodation② is provided． Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer．[1] You'll need to report back via③ weekly blogs, photo diaries and video updates④． You'll also be asked to promote⑤ the islands through newspapers, magazines and TV interviews．
[1]本句为主从复合句。include后是两个并列的动词-ing形式短语作宾语；finding out后是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
This call for an island caretaker attracted interest from all over the world．It was actually a very clever means⑥ to highlight⑦ the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it．
Located off the coast of North-east Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living thing on the planet．About the size of Japan, it even can be seen from outer space⑧． More than 25 million years old, the Great Barrier Reef is made up of⑨ living coral growing on dead coral． It is host⑩ to many species of birds and sea creatures． But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution and climate change．
To get this job, the candidates had to make a short video showing how much they knew about the reef． They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job． Out of the thousands of applicants ， eleven were selected, including a young woman from China． Eventually, the job was offered to Ben Southall from the UK．
Ben did a lot during his time as an island caretaker．In addition to blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence ． He also worked as a presenter for the National Geographic Channel, before going on to write a book about his experiences． Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”， but the “busiest job in the world”！[2]
[2]本句为主从复合句。that在此引导宾语从句，作joked的宾语，该宾语从句中，should have been advertised属于“情态动词＋have done”结构。
Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isn't really important．The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area． What's more, they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can, and must, be done to protect the reef． That way, it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife, as well as a dream destination for the millions of tourists who visit it each year．
世界上最棒的工作
你愿意在一座岛上生活六个月，并照看大堡礁吗？这份工作时间灵活，提供住宿。你的主要职责包括探索大堡礁的各个岛屿，探寻当地的自然资源。你需要通过每周更新博客、创建照片日志和拍摄视频的方式来反馈工作成果；你还需要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访等宣传大堡礁。
这则岛屿管理员的招聘广告吸引了全世界的兴趣。这其实是一种绝妙的手段，既突出了大堡礁的重要性，又强调了大堡礁需要人类保护。
大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部近海处，是地球上最大的生物。大堡礁整体面积接近日本的国土面积，甚至从外太空都能看得到它。大堡礁有2 500万年的历史，由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。它是许多鸟类和海洋生物的栖息地。但如今，这一独特又脆弱的区域正在遭受污染和气候变化的威胁。
要想得到这份工作，应聘者需要拍摄一段短视频，展示自己对大堡礁的了解程度。另外，应聘者还需要证明为何自己是这个职位的最佳人选。成千上万名应聘者中，入选人有十一个，其中还包括一个年轻的中国姑娘。最终，来自英国的本·索撒尔获得了这份工作。
本在做岛屿管理员期间做了很多事情。除了发布博客、拍照片和写关于大堡礁的文章，本还多次在电视上露面号召保护大堡礁，并且担任过国家地理频道的主持人。在那之后，本把自己的经历写成了一本书。他后来开玩笑说，这个工作的招聘启事上应该写“世界上最繁忙的工作”，而不是“最棒的”！
不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动，其实都不重要。最重要的是，全世界都认识到了这片大海的美丽。而且，人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。只有如此，大堡礁才能继续作为野生动物的安全栖息地以及每年数百万游客梦寐以求的旅游目的地。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共54张PPT)
Period 4
主题语境
人与自然—— 自然环境，自然遗产保护
Unit 6 Nurturing nature
课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
pull away (车辆等)驶离；开走
pull in (车辆等)进站；停靠
pull down 拆除；使受挫；使虚弱
pull on (匆忙地)穿上
1．pull off 脱下；(成功地)完成；驶离
pull out 驶出车站；撤离
pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关
pull up 拔起；停下来；阻止
pull over 把……开到路边；靠岸
pull together 齐心协力；通力合作
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The train pulled __ and all the passengers got off．
②They are pulling _____ some houses to make room for a new hotel．
③Everyone was very concerned about whether he would pull _______ or not．
④So long as we pull ________，there's no mountain top we can't conquer．
⑤She pulls ____her hat and her hair blows across her mouth．
⑥他注意到后面一辆蓝色车里的一个男人示意他靠边停车。
He noticed a man behind him in a blue car gesticulating to _________．
in
down
through
together
off
pull over
(1)disturbing adj． 令人不安的；令人烦恼的
It's disturbing that... ……令人不安。
(2)disturbed adj． 心烦意乱的；烦恼的
be disturbed about 因……而感到心神不安
be mentally disturbed 精神不安
(3)Don't disturb! 请勿打扰！
2．disturb v．干扰，扰乱
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①However，I soon discover that much has changed since the days of __________ (disturb) reports of camps among tons of rubbish．
②He was _________ (disturb) to hear of her illness．
③对不起，打扰一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？
________________________，but can I talk to you for a moment
④我们没有听到他的消息，深感不安。
__________________________ we haven't heard from him．
disturbing
disturbed
I'm sorry to disturb you
It is very disturbing that
lay aside 把……搁置一旁
lay down 放下；制订
lay off 解雇；停止做
lay out 摆出；铺开；布置；设计
注意下列词形变化：
lay—laid—laid—laying 放置；产(卵)
lie—lay—lain—lying 躺；位于
lie—lied—lied—lying 撒谎
3．lay v．放置；搁；下 (蛋)；产 (卵)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①There is no greater pleasure than _____ (lie) on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring at the night sky．
②The survivors ___ (lie) on the beach，exhausted and shocked．
③The moment the bell rang，he ____ (lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom．
lying
lay
laid
④这家工厂在12月解雇了50名工人。
The factory ________ 50 workers in December．
⑤他在地上铺了一张报纸，把盘子放在了上面。
He _________________________ on the floor and put the plate on it．
laid off
laid a sheet of newspaper
(1)live in harmony with 与……融洽地生活
out of harmony with 与……不协调
(2)harmonious adj． 融洽的
4．in harmony with 与……和谐相处；与……协调/一致
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①In this heavenly world，people live in perfect harmony ____ nature and the outside world is forgotten．
②Their __________ (harmony) relationship resulted in part from their similar goals．
with
harmonious
③快乐的人是爱好和平的人，他们和别人和睦相处。
Happy people are peaceful people and they ____________________ others．
④是他们与现实世界格格不入。
It was they that were ___________________ the actual world．
live in harmony with
out of harmony with
(1)use up是及物动词短语，后面接宾语，可用于被动语态。
(2)give out/run out是不及物动词短语，后面不可接宾语，也不可用于被动语态。
(3)run out of是及物动词短语，后面接宾语，但一般不用于被动语态。
5．use up 用光
[即学即练] 完成句子/一句多译
①不要把肥皂用尽，留一些给我用。
Don't ___________________．Leave me some to wash with．
②由于所有的钱都用完了，这个人不得不以乞讨为生。
With all the money _______，the man had to make a living by begging．
use up all the soap
used up
③倘若所有的能源都用完了，我们该怎么办？
a．What should we do if we _______all the energy
b．What should we do if we ___________all the energy
c．What should we do if all the energy _______________
d．What should we do if all the energy ___________
use up
run out of
gives/runs out
is used up
(1)concerned adj． 关心的；担心的；有关的；有牵连的
be concerned with/in... 与……有关
as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern n． [U]担心；关切；[C]关心的人(或)事
vt． 涉及，参与；(使)担忧
show concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心
6．be concerned about/for 为……担心/关心……
[名师点津] concerned 用作形容词时意为“担忧的，关心的”；用作后置定语意为“相关的，有关的”。另外concerning 用作介词时意为“关于，对于”。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns _________ increasing screen time．
②There is a column in China Daily __________(concern) language study．
③They show great concern _________ my life and study．
④就我而言，父母应该关注与孩子身心健康有关的问题。
________________________, parents should __________________ the problems that __________________ the children's physical and mental health．
about/for
concerning
about/for
As far as I am concerned
be concerned about
are concerned with
(教材P89)Here in our city，there is a heated discussion about whether a hotel should be built at White Beach．
在我们的城市里，有一个关于是否应该在白沙滩上建一个旅馆的热烈讨论。
1．whether引导的名词性从句
[句式分析] 句中whether是连词，引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
I don't know whether or not he will take part in the meeting．
我不知道他是否参加会议。
只用whether的情况：在宾语从句中与or not连用时；引导表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句或用在介词之后或动词不定式之前时。
[名师点津] 在宾语从句中(介词后除外)、be＋形容词之后、it作形式主语的句型中，if和whether可通用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was not sure __________ the manager's answer was right．
②_______ the students can pass the exam is not certain．
③It remains to be seen ________or not she was lying．
④Scientists wonder __________ there is a link between the two species．
⑤那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
It depends on ________________________________．
if/whether
Whether
whether
whether/if
whether you can do the work well
(教材P89)Even though the owner of the company guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful surroundings，the local people are still concerned that...
尽管公司的老板保证设计将与周围优美的环境和谐共处，但是当地人仍然担心……
2．even though/even if引导的让步状语从句
[句式分析] even though/even if通常引导让步状语从句，意为“即使，尽管”，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
Even if/though we can't live forever，we are living a longer life than ever before．
即使我们不能永生，我们也比以往任何时候活得都长久。
(1)引导让步状语从句的连词还有though，although，as等。
(2)在倒装语序的让步状语从句中，通常用though或as，不用although，even though。
[名师点津] 当状语从句用although/though/as/even though时，不能与but连用，但可与yet连用。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He still missed the train _______________ he had taken a taxi．
②He won't come to our party even if _______ (invite)．
③Young _________ I am，I already know what career I want to follow．
④We have decided to visit the museum even though it ____________ (rain)
tomorrow．
⑤虽然竹子实际上是一种草，但它看起来更像一棵树。
__________________________________________, it looks more like a tree．
although/though
invited
as/though
rains
Although/Though bamboo is really a kind of grass
现在完成进行时
一、 现在完成进行时的构成和用法
1．构成： have/has been doing
2．基本用法：
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能继续下去。常与all this time、this week、this month、all night、all the morning、recently等以及“since＋时间点”“for＋时间段”等时间状语连用。
—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for
——打扰了，你们在等哪部电影？
—The new one．We have been waiting here for more than two hours．
——新上映的那部，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。
(2)表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end．
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，(将来)他们的努力一定会得到回报。
(3)表示一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复发生的动作。
The teacher has been telling us to be careful all the term．
这个学期，老师一直在告诉我们要细心。
(4)表达较重的感彩。
You have been daydreaming but never make an effort．
你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。
3．相关的时间状语
现在完成进行时常与all the time，all the morning，these few days，all night等表示一段时间的状语连用。另外，如果表示某一动作的起点，可用since引导的短语或从句；如果表示某一动作的全部时间，可用for引导的短语。
He has been hoping for a raise in salary all the time．
他一直盼着加薪。
They have been quarreling since two days ago．
两天以来他们一直在吵架。
[即时训练1] 单句语法填空
①I _________________ (read) Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms recently．
②He ________________ (play) tennis since he was eight．
③Hello！At last！I _____________________ (telephone) you all the morning．
④We ____________________ (discuss) the matter all this year．
⑤Now that she is out of work，Lucy ____________________(consider) going back to school recently，but she hasn't decided yet．
have been reading
has been playing
have been telephoning
have been discussing
has been considering
二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法区别
时态 基本语法功能 动作的反复
现在完成进行时 强调动作的持续性 可表示动作的反复
现在完成时 强调动作对现在的影响或产生的后果 不表示动作的反复
The car is OK now．I've repaired it．
这辆车现在可以开了，我已经把它修好了。(已经完成)
Marty has been working really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday．
马蒂一直在努力写书，他认为周五就能完成写作。(尚未完成)
Have you been meeting her lately
你最近跟她见面吗？(强调动作的重复)
Have you met her lately
你最近跟她见过面吗？(强调结果)
[即时训练2] 完成句子
①她一直在做作业。
She ___________________________．
②她的眼睛红红的，显然哭了很长时间。
Her eyes are red．It's obvious that she _______________ for a long time．
③上个星期天开始就一直下雪。
___________________ since last Sunday．
has been doing her homework
has been crying
It has been snowing
④你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。
Your clothes are covered with dust．You ________________________
_______________，I think．
⑤2019年以来，我姐姐一直在学英语。
My sister _________________________ since 2019．
have been cleaning
the classroom
has been learning English
三、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1．see，hear，know，have，like，be等状态动词不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
He has been having a cold for two weeks． ( )
He has had a cold for two weeks． ( )
×
√
2．不具有延续意义的动词，如finish，come，go等不能用于现在完成进行时，但是可用于现在完成时。
约翰已经回家了。
John has been coming home． ( )
John has come home． ( )
×
√
[即时训练3] 翻译句子
①他写了一封信。
________________________
②他一直在写一封信。
_____________________________
③我在图书馆见过他。
______________________________
He has written a letter．
He has been writing a letter．
I have met him in the library．
④我经常在图书馆看见他。
_______________________________________
⑤这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天。
_____________________________________________
⑥这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了。
___________________________________________________
I have been meeting him in the library．
The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day．
The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day．
短文语境填空
Lately, I 1．__________________ (think) about changing my job because I 2．___________ (become) unsatisfied with the conditions at my company．The company where I 3．_________________ (work) since five years ago 4．_____________ (announce) that it will cut 100 jobs because of the bad economic environment．Although I 5．_______________ (not, decide) which job I will take next, I am making preparations for what I will do next．So, do you have any idea for me
have been thinking
have become
have been working
has announced
haven't decided
①Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁
reef n．[C]礁；礁脉
a coral reef 珊瑚礁
②accommodation n．[U]住处
③via prep．通过(某人、某机器等)传送(某物)；借助于
④update n．[熟词生义][C]最新消息，快讯
课下预习 第二篇课文(Developing ideas)
⑤promote vt．推广；促销，推销
⑥means n．[C](单复数同形)方法，手段，途径
means to do sth．/means of doing sth．做某事的方法
⑦highlight vt．突出；强调
⑧outer space外太空；外层空间
⑨be made up of由……组成
⑩host n．[C](寄生动植物的)宿主，寄主
under threat 受到威胁
candidate n．[C]申请者
prove vt．证明；证实 linking verb 证明是，被发现是
applicant n．[C]申请人
in addition to...除……之外
in addition此外
appearance n．[C]公开露面；演出；出庭；抵达，到来
favour n．[U]支持，赞同
in favour of支持，赞同
defence n．[C]辩解；辩白；[U]防御；保护；保卫
presenter n．(广播、电视)节目主持人；演讲人；(仪式上的)颁奖人
TV presenter 电视节目主持人
conference presenter会议发言人
advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)
THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD
How would you like to spend six months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef ①？ The working hours are flexible and accommodation② is provided． Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer．[1] You'll need to report back via③ weekly blogs, photo diaries and video updates④．
You'll also be asked to promote⑤ the islands through newspapers, magazines and TV interviews．
[1]本句为主从复合句。include后是两个并列的动词-ing形式短语作宾语；finding out后是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
This call for an island caretaker attracted interest from all over the world．It was actually a very clever means⑥ to highlight⑦ the importance of the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it．
Located off the coast of North-east Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living thing on the planet．About the size of Japan, it even can be seen from outer space⑧． More than 25 million years old, the Great Barrier Reef is made up of ⑨ living coral growing on dead coral． It is host⑩ to many species of birds and sea creatures． But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from pollution and climate change．
To get this job, the candidates had to make a short video showing how much they knew about the reef． They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job． Out of the thousands of applicants ， eleven were selected, including a young woman from China． Eventually, the job was offered to Ben Southall from the UK．
Ben did a lot during his time as an island caretaker．In addition to
blogging, taking photos and writing articles about the reef, he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its defence ． He also worked as a presenter for the National Geographic Channel, before going on to write a book about his experiences． Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”， but the “busiest job in the world”！[2]
[2]本句为主从复合句。that在此引导宾语从句，作joked的宾语，该宾语从句中，should have been advertised属于“情态动词＋have done”结构。
Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isn't really important．The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area． What's more, they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can, and must, be done to protect the reef． That way, it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife, as well as a dream destination for the millions of tourists who visit it each year．
世界上最棒的工作
你愿意在一座岛上生活六个月，并照看大堡礁吗？这份工作时间灵活，提供住宿。你的主要职责包括探索大堡礁的各个岛屿，探寻当地的自然资源。你需要通过每周更新博客、创建照片日志和拍摄视频的方式来反馈工作成果；你还需要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访等宣传大堡礁。
这则岛屿管理员的招聘广告吸引了全世界的兴趣。这其实是一种绝妙的手段，既突出了大堡礁的重要性，又强调了大堡礁需要人类保护。
大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部近海处，是地球上最大的生物。大堡礁整体面积接近日本的国土面积，甚至从外太空都能看得到它。大堡礁有2 500万年的历史，由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。它是许多鸟类和海洋生物的栖息地。但如今，这一独特又脆弱的区域正在遭受污染和气候变化的威胁。
要想得到这份工作，应聘者需要拍摄一段短视频，展示自己对大堡礁的了解程度。另外，应聘者还需要证明为何自己是这个职位的最佳人选。成千上万名应聘者中，入选人有十一个，其中还包括一个年轻的中国姑娘。最终，来自英国的本·索撒尔获得了这份工作。
本在做岛屿管理员期间做了很多事情。除了发布博客、拍照片和写关于大堡礁的文章，本还多次在电视上露面号召保护大堡礁，并且担任过国家地理频道的主持人。在那之后，本把自己的经历写成了一本书。他后来开玩笑说，这个工作的招聘启事上应该写“世界上最繁忙的工作”，而不是“最棒的”！
不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动，其实都不重要。最重要的是，全世界都认识到了这片大海的美丽。而且，人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。只有如此，大堡礁才能继续作为野生动物的安全栖息地以及每年数百万游客梦寐以求的旅游目的地。
