Period 3 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
1．claim vt．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；宣称；索要；要求(拥有) n．声称；索赔；所有权
(1)claim to do sth．/that．．． 声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth． 声称做过某事
It is claimed that．．． 有人主张……
(2)make a claim for sth． 对(赔偿等)提出要求
lay claim to sth． 声称对……的拥有权；提出对……的所有权
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①He claimed to be (be) the owner of the car．
②As a victim in the accident，I will make a claim for the injuries I suffered．
③Doctors claimed to have discovered (discover) a cure for the disease．
④据称，幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪，还能帮助他们更快地康复。
It's claimed that humour can not only affect patients' moods but also help them recover faster．
⑤She claimed that she had ever been met by the president last year．
→She claimed to have ever been met by the president last year．
2．massive adj．巨大的；大而重的；结实的；非常严重的
(1)a massive hole 一个巨大的坑
massive walls 厚实的墙
a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病
(2)mass n． 块，团；群众；大量，许多
a mass of/masses of 大量的，许多的
the masses 群众，平民百姓
(3)massively adv． 大量地；沉重地
[名师点津] a mass of/masses of 后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，且谓语动词与该名词在人称与数上保持一致。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The most recent protests in Greece，Spain，Italy and France have not drawn massive (mass) crowds on to the streets．
②The masses are(be) the true makers of history．
③The government insists the tax will massively (massive) decrease future investment．
④从火车窗口望去，加拿大的群山和森林看起来很壮观。
Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive．
⑤在经历了一场大地震并沦为废墟后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。
Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look．
3．catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
(1)catch one's eye＝catch the eye of sb． 引起某人的注意，吸引某人的视线
catch one's breath 屏息；歇口气；喘息
(2)catch on 理解，明白；变得流行
catch up with 赶上，追上
catch hold of 抓住；拥有
(3)be caught in 陷入；突然遭受
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When he was fishing off the island he was caught in a storm and almost drowned．
②Please repeat what you said; I didn't quite catch on．
③让我喘口气。我好累！
Let me catch my breath．I'm very tired!
④他因病休学一学期，不得不努力学习以赶上其他人。
After missing a term because of illness he had to work hard to catch up with the others．
⑤抓住每次机会，那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。
Catch hold of every opportunity and you will be likely to succeed in getting what you want．
4．at one's leisure 空闲时
(1)leisure n． 空闲；闲暇
leisure activities/interests 业务活动/爱好
(2)leisurely adv． 悠闲地；从容不迫地
adj． 不慌不忙的；慢悠悠的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The boy sat there，playing his toy leisurely (leisure) and carefree．
②A copy of the report is available for you to look through at your leisure．
③你最好在有空的时候把那件事情仔细想一下。
You had better think over the matter at your leisure．
④总体来说，人们怀念享受闲暇的机会。
On the whole，people miss the opportunity to enjoy leisure．
5．wander v．徘徊，闲逛；偏离(正道)；走神；神志恍惚；(思想)开小差
wander in/through/around 在……闲逛
wander off (从应该逗留的地方)离开
wander from the point 偏离主题
[名师点津] wander的形似词是wonder，意为“诧异，想知道”。
[语境助记] He wandered around the Great Pyramid，wondering how it came into being．
他在大金字塔周围徘徊，想知道它是如何形成的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When the children left home，she used to wander around the house as if she'd lost something．
②He was here a minute ago but he's wandered off．
③Do not wander from the subject: stick to the point．
④这时，他们看到一个年轻人在他们房子外面的人行道上游荡。
At this moment，they see a young man wandering on the pavement outside their house．
⑤这很容易使你心烦意乱并使你注意力分散。
It's easy to be distracted and let your attention wander．
6．bring．．．to life 使……复苏；使……有趣；使……生动
bring about 引起；导致
bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕吐
bring out 出版，生产；使显示；说出
bring in 引进；赚得；请……做
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①What brought about the change in his attitude
②The firm decided to bring in a new management team．
③The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children．
④A crisis brings out the best in her．
⑤我们老师讲的民间故事使课堂活跃起来。
Our teacher's folk tales brought the class to life．
⑥据说她是个可以使垂死者死而复生的医生。
It is said that she is a doctor who can bring the dying back to life．
7．scenery n．风景，景色
(1)scenic adj． 风景优美的
(2)scene n． (戏剧的)场；场面；景色
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；背地里
come on the scene 出场；登场
[易混辨析]
scenery 指大范围的自然风光，常译为“景色；风景”
scene 指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，可译为“情景；景色；场面；一场(戏剧)”
view view是指人从一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景色，还有“观点；看法”等意思
sight sight指眼睛所看到的景象，可以指美丽的风景，也可以指悲惨的景象，其复数sights表示“名胜古迹；人文景观”等
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The city is celebrated for its beautiful scenery (scenic)．
②事故发生不久后记者们就都赶到了现场。
Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident．
③那些在幕后工作的人们才是这个项目真正的英雄。
Those who worked behind the scenes are the real heroes of this project．
1．特殊疑问词＋不定式
(教材P83)How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns．
其中，如何保护脆弱的生态系统是我们需要高度重视的问题之一。
[句式分析] How to protect 属于“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作主语。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop．
如何开始比到哪里停止更困难。
(1)功能：作主语、宾语、表语。
(2)疑问词：who、what、when、where、how等。
(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
(4)该结构常用在tell、show、understand、explain、teach、learn、advise、discuss、find out 等后作宾语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①What to do next hasn't been told to us．
②I don't know how to describe the nice scenery there．
③问题是把钢琴放在哪里。
The problem is where to put the piano．
④她不知道选哪一本书。
She had no idea which book to choose．
⑤昨晚讨论了如何解决这个难题。
How to solve the difficult problem was discussed last night．
⑥我们现在面对的困难是如何穿过这条河。
The difficulty that we are facing now is how to cross the river．
2．before引导时间状语从句
(教材P83)The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station．
火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，就已经到达了唐古拉车站。
[句式分析] 句中before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前；还没有来得及……就……”。
It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying．
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
(1)before作连词引导时间状语从句时，在句中的译法很灵活。通常有以下含义：在……之前；……之后才……；不多久就……
(2)before构成的句型主要有：
It was/will be＋时间段＋before．．．多长时间后就/才……
不久就……
[名师点津] “It be ＋一段时间＋since．．．”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。since从句常用一般过去时，而主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before I could ask for their names．
②If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one．
③It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program，which has benefited all of us．
④很抱歉让你等了这么久，但布莱恩还要一段时间才能回来。
I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time before Brian gets back．
⑤有人深更半夜给我打电话，但我还没来得及接他就挂断了。
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up before I could answer the phone．
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Unfortunately，the young man suffered a massive (mass) heart attack．
2．He was standing by the window when a nice flower caught (catch) his eye．
3．She enjoys reading classics or going to the park at her leisure．
4．The film adapted from a novel brings to life a world where dinosaurs wander the earth．
5．I came up and said hello to him when I saw Professor Lee wandering (wander) with his children in the park．
6．It may be many years before the situation improves．
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他们正在讨论去哪儿过暑假。(疑问词＋to do)
They are discussing where to go for the summer holiday．
2．三周过去了，她才意识到自己的错误。(before引导时间状语从句)
Three weeks went by before she realized her mistakes．
3．两天后，他收到一封邮件，发信人声称与女孩相识，甚至提供了一张照片。(claim to do)
Two days later，he got an e-mail from someone claiming to known the girl．He even supplied a photo．
4．他总是第一个到，最后一个走。(不定式作定语)
He is always the first to come and the last to leave．
5．你可以在空闲时间读小说。(at one's leisure)
You can read novels at your leisure．
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
I once travelled along the “Sky Railway”—Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 1．which was claimed “impossible” by many foreign experts but we 2．completed (complete) it within several years．On the train, I saw many beautiful landscapes．The first landmark is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's 3．longest (long) bridge built over permafrost．To protect the delicate ecosystem, thirty-three 4．passages (passage) have been built under the railway and 675 bridges were built 5．between Golmud and Lhasa．The second one is Tanggula Station, which 6．is located (locate) at over 5，000 metres above sea level and the highest railway station in the world．The air is 7．so thin that several oxygen-making stations were constructed 8．to make (make) sure the workers stayed healthy．The third place is beautiful Cuona Lake．A twenty-kilometre wall was built along the lake to protect it from 9．construction (construct) waste．I am proud 10．of this “impossible” railway because we not only built it but also protected the environment well．
课时分层作业(十六)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The local government has taken many effective measures to restore the delicate(脆弱的)ecological environment in this area．
2．I was impressed with the splendid(壮丽的)view while visiting the Forbidden City．
3．Sunlight consists of different wavelengths of radiation (射线)．
4．Because Mother is afraid we'll get lost，we aren't allowed to wander (闲逛) far．
5．Sometimes they just drive slowly down the lane enjoying the scenery (风景)．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．We needed to reskill our workforce to cope with massive (mass) technological change．
2．People around the world are becoming more and more concerned (concern) about the population explosion．
3．Time passed quickly and three months went by before he knew it．
4．It was the unusual colour of his jacket that caught (catch) my eye．
5．In India the cow is a sacred animal．You can see cows wandering (wander) freely in the streets．
Ⅲ．阅读理解
A
Four Books Worth Reading
The Humane Home by Sarah Lozanova
This book would be useful to anyone building a home and wanting a general overview of how to do it with minimal impact．It contains seven chapters that cover topics like energy efficiency，water conservation，passive solar heating，building materials，air quality，choosing where to live，etc．It contains numerous little projects，from building garden beds to preserving home-grown produce．The book is a quick and easy read，easily finished in an hour or two，and it gives readers a good sense of what they want to explore further．
An Almost Zero Waste Life by Megean Weldon
The book offers suggestions for reducing waste in every area of life．In urging people to choose bamboo toothbrushes and package-free goods，Weldon never mentions a single company．This is smart．Companies come and go and such references could potentially make the book out-of-date，but it could leave the reader still wondering where to start．
The Eco Hero Handbook by Tessa Wardley
The book addresses the issue of eco-anxiety by devoting a one-page answer to a commonly-asked question and, hopefully, enabling the readers to feel like they can take action．The questions range from “Is my water usage affecting the planet and nature？”to “Which foods are responsible for the worst deforestation(砍伐森林)？”
Sustainable Home by Christine Liu
This beautiful book could sit on your coffee table，with its beautiful photographs．Author Christine Liu is a blogger whose own home and DIY projects are featured in the book．She goes through all the steps you can take to avoid waste and adopt more eco-friendly practices．Her advice is helpful to anyone who feels frightened of climate change．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本如何实现环保生活的书。
1．Who will help you quickly get easy steps in green living
A．Sarah Lozanova．
B．Megean Weldon．
C．Tessa Wardley．
D．Christine Liu．
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It contains numerous little projects，from building garden beds to preserving home-grown produce．”可知，与题干中的“help you quickly get easy steps in green living”相对应。这本书的作者是Sarah Lozanova，故选A。]
2．Which book is based on its author's own real life
A．The Humane Home．
B．An Almost Zero Waste Life．
C．The Eco Hero Handbook．
D．Sustainable Home．
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Author Christine Liu is a blogger whose own home and DIY projects are featured in the book．”可知，此书描述的是作者Christine Liu自己的真实生活。故选D。]
3．Who would be most interested in the four books
A．Those who love environmental science．
B．Those who focus on research on nature．
C．Those who care about endangered species．
D．Those who desire an eco-friendly lifestyle．
D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It contains seven chapters that cover topics like energy efficiency，water conservation，passive solar heating，building materials，air quality，choosing where to live，etc．”，第二段中的“The book offers suggestions for reducing waste in every area of life．”，第三段中的“The book addresses the issue of eco-anxiety by devoting a one-page answer to a commonly-asked question”和第四段中的“She goes through all the steps you can take to avoid waste and adopt more eco-friendly practices．”可知，这四本书都与生态环保的生活方式有关系。故选D。]
B
When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems．A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived．When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．
After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions．Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did．He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine．
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)．First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other．Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals．He placed them in the tanks and waited．Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem．After a few weeks，John added the sludge．
He was amazed at the results．The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it！Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water．
Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs．He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1，600 homes in South Burlington． He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China．
“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does．“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，”he says．“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening．Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。约翰从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，约翰通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明了“生态设计”，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A．He was fond of travelling．
B．He enjoyed being alone．
C．He had an inquiring mind．
D．He longed to be a doctor．
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems”、“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中约翰提的两个问题可以看出，约翰是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。]
5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A．To feed the animals．
B．To build an ecosystem．
C．To protect the plants．
D．To test the eco-machine．
D [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge．．．placed them in the tanks”可知，约翰修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，约翰在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。]
6．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A．To review John's research plans．
B．To show an application of John's idea．
C．To compare John's different jobs．
D．To erase doubts about John's invention．
B [推理判断题。上文讲到了约翰的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs．”可知，多年来，约翰做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明约翰的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。]
7．What is the basis for John's work
A．Nature can repair itself．
B．Organisms need water to survive．
C．Life on Earth is diverse．
D．Most tiny creatures live in groups．
A [推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived．．．if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．”展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair．”也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修复”这一理念，故A项正确。]
Ⅳ．阅读七选五
The Amazon Rainforest：A Natural Treasure
Welcome to the Amazon rainforest．As the largest rainforest in the world，it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem．
The Amazon rainforest crosses eight countries．With an area of around 7 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is about 6，400 kilometres in length．On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems． 1
Of the 390，000 plant species known to man，more than 40，000 can be found in the Amazon．The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife．At the bottom，there is a system of roots beneath the ground．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor． 2 Then there are the towering(高大的)ancient hardwood trees，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground．Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of living things．
More than 1，300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life．The jaguar(美洲虎)is one example．It has a yellowish-brown fur with black rings and spots．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain． 3 These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruits．When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms(微生物)helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth．
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen． 4 Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine．Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us．
5 As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the“lungs of the planet”？
A．They feed on at least 87 species，including frogs．
B．Thus，it is often known as the“lungs of the planet”．
C．Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest．
D．The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves．
E．They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth．
F．Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year．
G．Over the past 50 years，17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙雨林在维持地球生态系统平衡方面起着重要作用以及它现在的情况。
1．E [根据设空处上句“On its journey from the mountains to the ocean，the river supports many different ecosystems．”可知，在从山脉到海洋的旅途中，这条河维持着许多不同的生态系统。所以它们把地球上最丰富的动植物物种给了这个地区。故选E。]
2．D [根据设空处上句“Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor．”和其下句“Then there are the towering ancient hardwood trees，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground．”可知，底层上面是深色森林地面上的落叶层，所以接下来的一层是由长着大叶子的低矮植物组成的，然后是高大的古老阔叶树，最后是高出地面许多米的最高树木的顶部。故选D。]
3．A [根据设空处上句“While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest's food chain．”和其下句“These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruits．”可知，虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链的一部分。它们以至少87个物种为食，包括青蛙，这些青蛙转而以吃树叶和果实的昆虫为食。故选A。]
4．B [根据设空处上句“The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen．”可知，亚马孙雨林通过固定碳和生产地球上20%以上的氧气给地球带来了生机，因此，它经常被称为“地球之肺”。故选B。]
5．G [根据下文“As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the‘lungs of the planet’？”可知，在过去的50年里，17%的雨林由于人类活动而消失，随着农业和养牛业等人类活动的影响持续增长并且濒临灭绝的物种的名单越来越长，这就给我们留下一个问题：我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？故选G。]
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共37张PPT)
Period 3
Unit 6 Nurturing nature
主题语境
人与自然—— 自然环境，自然遗产保护
课时学案 语言知识讲练(Understanding ideas)
(1)claim to do sth．/that... 声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth． 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 有人主张……
(2)make a claim for sth． 对(赔偿等)提出要求
lay claim to sth． 声称对……的拥有权；提出对……的所有权
1．claim vt．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；宣称；索要；要求(拥有) n．声称；索赔；所有权
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换
①He claimed _____ (be) the owner of the car．
②As a victim in the accident，I will make a claim ___ the injuries I suffered．
③Doctors claimed _______________ (discover) a cure for the disease．
to be
for
to have discovered
④据称，幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪，还能帮助他们更快地康复。
__________________humour can not only affect patients' moods but also help them recover faster．
⑤She claimed that she had ever been met by the president last year．
→She _____________________________ by the president last year．
It's claimed that
claimed to have ever been met
(1)a massive hole 一个巨大的坑
massive walls 厚实的墙
a massive heart attack 严重的心脏病
(2)mass n． 块，团；群众；大量，许多
a mass of/masses of 大量的，许多的
the masses 群众，平民百姓
(3)massively adv． 大量地；沉重地
2．massive adj．巨大的；大而重的；结实的；非常严重的
[名师点津] a mass of/masses of 后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，且谓语动词与该名词在人称与数上保持一致。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The most recent protests in Greece，Spain，Italy and France have not drawn _______ (mass) crowds on to the streets．
②The masses ___(be) the true makers of history．
③The government insists the tax will _________ (massive) decrease future investment．
massive
are
massively
④从火车窗口望去，加拿大的群山和森林看起来很壮观。
Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada ______________．
⑤在经历了一场大地震并沦为废墟后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。
Shortly after suffering from ____________________ and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look．
looked massive
a massive earthquake
(1)catch one's eye＝catch the eye of sb．
引起某人的注意，吸引某人的视线
catch one's breath 屏息；歇口气；喘息
(2)catch on 理解，明白；变得流行
catch up with 赶上，追上
catch hold of 抓住；拥有
(3)be caught in 陷入；突然遭受
3．catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When he was fishing off the island he was caught __ a storm and almost drowned．
②Please repeat what you said; I didn't quite catch __．
③让我喘口气。我好累！
Let me _______________．I'm very tired!
in
on
catch my breath
④他因病休学一学期，不得不努力学习以赶上其他人。
After missing a term because of illness he had to work hard to _____________ the others．
⑤抓住每次机会，那么你就有可能成功地获得你想要的东西。
_____________ every opportunity and you will be likely to succeed in getting what you want．
catch up with
Catch hold of
(1)leisure n． 空闲；闲暇
leisure activities/interests 业务活动/爱好
(2)leisurely adv． 悠闲地；从容不迫地
adj． 不慌不忙的；慢悠悠的
4．at one's leisure 空闲时
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The boy sat there，playing his toy _________ (leisure) and carefree．
②A copy of the report is available for you to look through __ your leisure．
③你最好在有空的时候把那件事情仔细想一下。
You had better think over the matter _______________．
④总体来说，人们怀念享受闲暇的机会。
On the whole，people miss the opportunity ________________．
leisurely
at
at your leisure
to enjoy leisure
wander in/through/around 在……闲逛
wander off (从应该逗留的地方)离开
wander from the point 偏离主题
5．wander v．徘徊，闲逛；偏离(正道)；走神；神志恍惚；(思想)开小差
[名师点津] wander的形似词是wonder，意为“诧异，想知道”。
[语境助记] He wandered around the Great Pyramid，wondering how it came into being．
他在大金字塔周围徘徊，想知道它是如何形成的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①When the children left home，she used to wander ______ the house as if she'd lost something．
②He was here a minute ago but he's wandered ___．
③Do not wander ____ the subject: stick to the point．
around
off
from
④这时，他们看到一个年轻人在他们房子外面的人行道上游荡。
At this moment，they _________________________ on the pavement outside their house．
⑤这很容易使你心烦意乱并使你注意力分散。
It's easy to be distracted and _________________________．
see a young man wandering
let your attention wander
bring about 引起；导致
bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕吐
bring out 出版，生产；使显示；说出
bring in 引进；赚得；请……做
6．bring...to life 使……复苏；使……有趣；使……生动
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①What brought _____ the change in his attitude
②The firm decided to bring __ a new management team．
③The Smiths are praised for the way they bring __ their children．
④A crisis brings ____the best in her．
⑤我们老师讲的民间故事使课堂活跃起来。
Our teacher's folk tales _________________________．
⑥据说她是个可以使垂死者死而复生的医生。
It is said that she is a doctor who can ___________________________．
about
in
up
out
brought the class to life
bring the dying back to life
7．scenery n．风景，景色
(1)scenic adj． 风景优美的
(2)scene n． (戏剧的)场；场面；景色
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes 在幕后；背地里
come on the scene 出场；登场
[易混辨析]
scenery 指大范围的自然风光，常译为“景色；风景”
scene 指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，可译为“情景；景色；场面；一场(戏剧)”
view view是指人从一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景色，还有“观点；看法”等意思
sight sight指眼睛所看到的景象，可以指美丽的风景，也可以指悲惨的景象，其复数sights表示“名胜古迹；人文景观”等
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The city is celebrated for its beautiful _______ (scenic)．
②事故发生不久后记者们就都赶到了现场。
Reporters were soon ____________ after the accident．
③那些在幕后工作的人们才是这个项目真正的英雄。
Those who worked _________________ are the real heroes of this project．
scenery
on the scene
behind the scenes
(教材P83)How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns．
其中，如何保护脆弱的生态系统是我们需要高度重视的问题之一。
1．特殊疑问词＋不定式
[句式分析] How to protect 属于“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作主语。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop．
如何开始比到哪里停止更困难。
(1)功能：作主语、宾语、表语。
(2)疑问词：who、what、when、where、how等。
(3)作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
(4)该结构常用在tell、show、understand、explain、teach、learn、advise、discuss、find out 等后作宾语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①_____to do next hasn't been told to us．
②I don't know ____to describe the nice scenery there．
③问题是把钢琴放在哪里。
The problem is ______________________．
What
how
where to put the piano
④她不知道选哪一本书。
She had no idea ____________________．
⑤昨晚讨论了如何解决这个难题。
__________________________________ was discussed last night．
⑥我们现在面对的困难是如何穿过这条河。
The difficulty that we are facing now is ______________________．
which book to choose
How to solve the difficult problem
how to cross the river
(教材P83)The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station．
火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，就已经到达了唐古拉车站。
2．before引导时间状语从句
[句式分析] 句中before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前；还没有来得及……就……”。
It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying．
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
[名师点津] “It be ＋一段时间＋since...”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。since从句常用一般过去时，而主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ______ I could ask for their names．
②If you miss this chance, it may be years ______ you get another one．
③It has been two weeks _____ you came to our school for the exchange program，which has benefited all of us．
before
before
since
④很抱歉让你等了这么久，但布莱恩还要一段时间才能回来。
I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but _______________________
Brian gets back．
⑤有人深更半夜给我打电话，但我还没来得及接他就挂断了。
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up _______________________________．
it'll still be some time before
before I could answer the phone
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Unfortunately，the young man suffered a _______ (mass) heart attack．
2．He was standing by the window when a nice flower ______ (catch) his eye．
3．She enjoys reading classics or going to the park __ her leisure．
massive
caught
at
4．The film adapted from a novel brings ___ life a world where dinosaurs wander the earth．
5．I came up and said hello to him when I saw Professor Lee _________ (wander) with his children in the park．
6．It may be many years _______the situation improves．
to
wandering
before
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．他们正在讨论去哪儿过暑假。(疑问词＋to do)
They are discussing __________________________________．
2．三周过去了，她才意识到自己的错误。(before引导时间状语从句)
Three weeks went by ________________________________．
where to go for the summer holiday
before she realized her mistakes
3．两天后，他收到一封邮件，发信人声称与女孩相识，甚至提供了一张照片。(claim to do)
Two days later，he got an e-mail from someone ___________________
_______．He even supplied a photo．
4．他总是第一个到，最后一个走。(不定式作定语)
He is always _______________________________________．
5．你可以在空闲时间读小说。(at one's leisure)
You can read novels _______________．
claiming to known the
girl
the first to come and the last to leave
at your leisure
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
I once travelled along the “Sky Railway”—Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 1．_____ was claimed “impossible” by many foreign experts but we 2．_________ (complete) it within several years．On the train, I saw many beautiful landscapes．The first landmark is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's 3．_______ (long) bridge built over permafrost．To protect the delicate ecosystem, thirty-three 4．________ (passage) have been built under the railway and 675 bridges were built
which
completed
longest
passages
5．_______ Golmud and Lhasa．The second one is Tanggula Station, which 6．__________ (locate) at over 5，000 metres above sea level and the highest railway station in the world．The air is 7．__ thin that several oxygen-making stations were constructed 8．_______ (make) sure the workers stayed healthy．The third place is beautiful Cuona Lake．A twenty-kilometre wall was built along the lake to protect it from 9．____________ (construct) waste．I am proud 10．__ this “impossible” railway because we not only built it but also protected the environment well．
between
is located
so
to make
construction
of
