2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（1）解析答案
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012山东,D)改编
For those who are ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red of doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).
Strange though it may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.
Last year,it was a re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )frigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it’s n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps,but what they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
1.What can be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES ( )
A.The machine will be a big success.
B.Their wives like doing the laundry.
C.The machine is unrelated to their life.
D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.
2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines ( )
A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing.
B.They can be controlled with a smartphone.
C.They are difficult to operate.
D.They are sold at a low price.
3.We can conclude from Samsung’s statements that .
A.the app connection makes life easier
B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C.smartphones can shorten the drying time
D.we should refresh clothes back at home
4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph ( )
A.The laundry should be frequently checked.
B.Lazy people like using such machines.
C.Good technologies also cause problems.
D.Television may help do the laundry.
语篇解读:本文属于科 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )普知识类。对于那些讨厌洗衣服的人来说,Samsung为他们找到了解决办法:一种智能洗衣机可以通过灵巧的手机来控制,使得生活更加便利,但是好的技术同样会产生问题。
答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )提到,出席产品展销会的人员说“my wife already does that”,这是他们对新型智能洗衣机的普遍反应。由此可知,他们都非常熟悉智能洗衣机的操作流程,故选D。
2.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“... ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).”可得出答案。
3.A 推理判断题。文章第六段提到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),如果你早晨甩干的衣服忘记拿出来了,你可以拿出手机重启烘干机,这样你的衣服就焕然一新了。由此可以推断出这种新型洗衣机给生活带来了便利。
4.C 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). enable laziness.Rather than...users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.”可知,先进的技术同样会带来问题,故选C。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.in an effort to 为了,目的是
They have been wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king day and night in an effort to get the bridge ready on time.
为了使桥能按时完工,他们夜以继日地工作。
2.enable v. 使能够,赋予……的能力
Training will enable you to find work.
培训将使你找到工作。
【长难句子分析】
对于那些讨厌洗衣服的人来说,Samsung已经找到了解决的办法,就是一台通过智能电话告诉你什么时候衣服洗完了的洗衣机。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省实验中学一模】
Depression (抑郁症) is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a serious problem today.Depression causes workers to be unproductive，causing companies and countries to lose billions of dollars.One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread，costly and deadly”．Depression hits one person in five around the world.
Although people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated，studies show that depression is a problem among everyone.Over any six month period，between five to seven percent of the world’s population will be suffering from a serious depression.Suicide rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme，or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large，and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks.People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.
Depression，which re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )searchers agree has its origin in the genes，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.
Depression is made mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help，”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital，I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel？’”
In Western cou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves，” an American doctor says.
Hopefully，in the ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression.
B．Depression brings ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great problems to its sufferers in their life and work.
C．Depression is a commonly existing problem only in rich countries.
D．The poorer and the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression.
2．Compared to normal p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople，the depressed people are likely to be________.
A．very unconfident and often absent minded
B．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C．working efficiently and productively
D．either weak or lazy
3．Depression becomes more serious in China because of________.
A．the understanding of the problem
B．the lack of treatment and doctors
C．their unwillingness to tell it to their boss
D．the doctors’ careless work
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．People are suffe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring from depression because of the shortage of specialists.
B．The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed.
C．More and more patients will turn to specialists for help.
D．Western people are braver than Chinese people.
5．What does the underlined words in the 5th paragraph mean
A．Hired. B．Dismissed.
C．Promoted. D．Recommended.
语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类说明文。抑郁症已经成为威胁人们正常生活和工作的一个重要的疾病形式，人们应正确地面对抑郁症。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后一句“People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )...brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for...”可知，答案A符合文意。
答案： A
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段第一句和第三句“Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.”可知，抑郁症在中国更严重一方面是因为人们不能正视这个事实，另一方面是由于缺少专家和较好的治疗。
答案： B
4．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段“Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.”可推知，将会有越来越多的人向专家求助，故答案C正确。
答案： C
5．解析： 词义猜测题。根据对文章第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段的整体理解可以推知，员工一旦把自己抑郁的情况告诉老板，老板有可能会由于抑郁能使人没有自信或不能够集中工作而辞退员工。故stricken off the rolls与dismissed的意思最为接近。
答案： B。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2013·潍坊5月模拟】
When you tidy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your messy bedroom，it gets a lot easier to find things.Dreams may work the same way for a messy brain，helping you learn by organizing memories and ideas.
To test how m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uch dreams can help learning，Robert Stickgold had some students play a shape fitting game called Tetris (俄罗斯方块) for a few hours and then go to sleep.Soon they were dreaming of falling Tetris shapes.Interestingly，the worst Tetris players had the most Tetris dreams and improved their game the most.Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.
As we dream，many impo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rtant tasks are getting done.The brain decides what to keep and what to forget.It is connecting new experiences to older learning.In fact，the brain is learning all night long.
Another important task ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of dreams may be to help us deal with emotions (情绪)．At night，emotions are in the driver’s seat.People who have had an upsetting experience often dream about it afterward.Often the dream event changes somehow—another way the brain tries to make the memory less upset.So if your best friend moves away，you might dream that you’re the one who’s moving.In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood，and people who dream about what’s bothering them usually feel better sooner than those who don’t.
Everybody dreams for a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) couple of hours every night—in the course of your life，you’ll spend about 25 years asleep and 6 years dreaming.There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesn’t have to be.One dream might help you remember your math facts，while another might lead to a new invention，or give you a fun，crazy story to tell your friends.It’s all in a night’s work for our busy，mysterious brains.
1．Robert Stickgold’s test shows that________.
A．games are useful for memory
B．dreams can help improve skills
C．players stop learning in dreams
D．tasks can only be settled through dreams
2．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that________.
A．dreams can get rid of sufferings
B．only drivers can deal with emotions
C．one may be less upset after a dream
D．dreams can copy what one experienced
3．Which of the following does the author probably agree with
A．Dreaming does harm to one’s mood.
B．Dreaming affects the quality of sleep.
C．It’s hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.
D．It’s not so important to know the cause of dreaming.
4．What does the text focus on
A．Dreams and memories. B．Dreams and emotions.
C．The benefits of dreams. D．The patterns of dreams.
5．In which part of a magazine can this text be found
A．Entertainment. B．Tourism.
C．Science. D．Advertisement.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了梦的好处，即可以改善学习和情绪。
1．解析： 推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段可知，为了证实梦对学习有帮助，Robert Stickgold做了这次实验，而实验结果表明选手的技能有所提高，根据本段最后一句“Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都是有帮助的，故选B。
答案： B
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句“Another important task of dreams...emotions (情绪)．”和最后一句“In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood...”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。
答案： C
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesn’t have to be.”可知，作者认为关于我们为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。
答案： D
4．解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了梦的好处：有助于改善学习和情绪。
答案： C
5．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学研究方面的知识，所以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。
答案：C。2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（5）解析答案
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012福建,D)改编
Do you know how ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself Well,apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元)in our brains.
Put simply,the ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )istence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something,our brains imitate (模枋)it,whether or not we actually perform the same action.This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile,talk,walk,dance or play sports.But the idea goes further:mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions,they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )undoubtedly be found all over our brains,but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages,and to understand how other people feel.Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language.A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example:“The hand took hold of the ball”),the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example,actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or neurons may well result in problems with behavior.Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning.However,it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动).Indeed,it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics.And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well,perhaps you’ll understand why.
1.Mirror neurons can explain .
A.why we cry when we are hurt
B.why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C.why we smile when we see someone else smile
D.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
2.The underline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d word “triggered”in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.
A.set off B.cut off C.built up D.broken up
3.We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons .
A.relate to human behavior and interaction
B.control human physical actions and feelings
C.result in bad behavior and social disorders
D.determine our knowledge and language abilities
4.What is the passage mainly about ( )
A.Ways to find mirror neurons.
B.Problems of mirror neurons.
C.Existence of mirror neurons.
D.Functions of mirror neurons.
语篇解读:本文是说明文,为科普知识类文章,主要介绍在人类大脑中无处不在的反应神经元的功能。
答案及剖析:1.C 推理判断 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,反应神经元的存在表明了每次我们看见别人做什么时,我们的大脑就模仿,这足以解释我们是如何学会笑、说、走、跳舞或是运动的。故答案为C项。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句意思, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一组研究人员发现如果他们让被测试者听这样的句子(例如:“用手抓住球”),同样,当相应的实际动作在运转时,反应神经元也起作用。set off激起,引起;cut off切断;build up增进;break up散开,驱散。故答案为A项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),反应神经元的相关研究似乎为我们提供更多有关人类行为和互动的信息。因此,可以推断反应神经元与人类行为和互动有关联,故答案为A项。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍反应神经元的作用,故答案为D项。
【长难句子分析】
许多研究表明,社交和举止有问题的人,他的反应神经元功能没有充分发挥。
谓语动词suggests后面跟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )着一个由that引导的宾语从句,其中with social and behavioral problems作people的定语;which引导的定语从句修饰先行词mirror neurons。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·江西省九江市高三年级模拟考试】
Many people think of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he brain as a mystery.They don’t know much about intelligence and how it works.When they do think about what intelligence is，many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumb—and stays that way in the whole life.But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle—it changes and gets stronger when you use it.And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.
Everyone knows that wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en you lift weights，your muscles get bigger and you get stronger.A person who can’t lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time.That’s because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise.And when you stop exercising，the muscles shrink and you get weaker.That’s why people say “Use it or lose it！”
But most peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le don’t know that when they practice and learn new things，parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise.Inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells，called neurons.The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated munication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems.When you learn new things，these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger.The more you challenge your mind to learn，the more your brain cells grow.Then，things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do—like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数)—seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time.The result is a stronger，smarter brain.
Scientists started thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals’ brains.They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious”—they were better at solving problems and learning new things.
1. According to the first paragraph，________.
A．the function of our brain is like that of the muscle
B．until now it’s impossible to explain the brain’s mystery
C．many people believe one’s intelligence is naturally determined
D．one’s brain grows stronger as the age increases
2．Training muscles is compared to________.
A．using the brain
B．connecting things in your brain
C．lifting weights
D．doing research about the brain
3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The complex structure of the brain.
B．How changes in the muscles affect the brain.
C．The importance of the brain.
D．How the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.
4．What does the u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nderlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Strong. B．Smart.
C．Popular. D．Active.
5．The following paragraph will most probably talk about________.
A．the differences between animals’ brains and humans’ brains
B．the relation between human brains and muscles
C．scientists’ findings about animals’ brains
D．how to make your brain smarter through self development
语篇解读 科学研究发现，经常学习能促进大脑的发育，正如经常锻炼能使肌肉更强健一样。
1．解析： 考查推理判断。根据第一段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“many people believe that a person is born smart，average，or dumb—and stays that way in the whole life.”可知C项正确。
答案： C
2．解析： 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle—it changes and gets stronger when you use it.”可知答案。
答案： A
3．解析： 考查段落大意。本段详细描述了大脑如何通过练习和学习新事物而发生变化，从而变得更敏捷。
答案： D
4．解析： 考查词义猜测。根据破折号后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面的“they were better at sloving problems and learning new things”可知，该词应为“敏锐的”之意。
答案： B
5．解析： 考查推理判断。最后一段提出科学家是从研究动物的大脑得出的结论，因此下一段最可能进一步描述这些研究成果。
答案：C.。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2013·江西省高三上学期七校联考】
A year ago Augu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st，Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan.His wife，Gerrie，was still working in the local school cafeteria，but work for Dave was scarce，and the price of everything was rising.The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years.Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift—$7,000，a legacy (遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch who died in an accident.“It really made a difference when we were going under financially，” says Dave.
But the Fusses ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive the unexpected legacy from the Hatches.Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity.In some cases，it was a few thousand dollars；in others，it was more than $100,000.
It surprised nearly e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )veryone that the Hatches had so much money，more than $3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.
Children of the Grea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Depression，Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.They liked comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.
Through the yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs，the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t afford it.“Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden.“They could see things they could do to make you happier，and they would do them.”
Even more extraordina ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed.It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy—a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents—should enrich the whole community and last for generations to come.
Neighbors helping neighbors—that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story.
1．According to the text，the Fusses________.
A．were employed by a truck company
B．were in financial difficulty
C．worked in a school cafeteria
D．lost their home
2．Which of the following is true of the Hatches
A．They had their children during the Great Depression.
B．They left the family farm to live in an old house.
C．They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.
D．They helped their neighbors to find jobs.
3．Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store
A．They decided to open a store.
B．They wanted to save money.
C．They couldn’t afford expensive things.
D．They wanted to buy gifts for local kids.
4．According to Sandy Van Weelden，the Hatches were________.
A．understanding B．optimistic
C．childlike D．curious
5．What can we learn from the text
A．The community of Alto was poor.
B．The summer camp was attractive to the parents.
C．Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy from the Hatches.
D．The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their example.
语篇解读 在Fuss一家陷入财政危机时，他们收到了邻居Hatch夫妇的遗产，从而渡过了难关。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第一段中的“The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years.”以及“It really made a difference when we were going under financially”可知，Fuss一家陷入了财政危机。
答案： B
2．解析： 细节理解题。由文章第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段中的“Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity.”可知，Hatch夫妇把他们的财产赠给了他们的邻居。
答案： C
3．解析： 推理判断题。由文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第四段中的“They liked comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.”可推知，他们想节省钱。
答案： B
4．解析： 推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的Sandy Van Weelden所说的话可推知，Hatch夫妇善解人意。
答案： A
5．解析： 推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段的第二句可推知，Hatch夫妇想让邻居们以他们为榜样，将这种善举延续下去。
答案：D。2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（3）解析答案
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012四川,E)改编
Plants are flowe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring faster than scientists predicted (预测)in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aving a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say.
Increased carbon dio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecies’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researchers of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study,pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blished on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,”the study said.
The design of futur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said.
Plants are necessar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists belie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900,and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far,effort ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels.
1.What is the key ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1 ( )
A.Plants’ reac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.
B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation.
C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
2.We can learn from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the study published on the Nature website that .
A.plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
C.scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D.the experiments fai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led to predict how plants react to climate change
3.Scientists ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pay special attention to the study of plants because .
A.they can prove the climate change clearly
B.they are very important in the food chains
C.they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D.they are growing and flowering much faster than before
4.What can be inferred ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature ( )
A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.
B.Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C.It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.
语篇解读:本文为说明文,题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )材为科普知识类。温室效应已经影响了植物的生长类型,由于植物在食物链和生态系统中有着重要影响,科学家们正致力于研究其生长变化。
答案及剖析:1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change...可知本题应选择B项。
2.C 事实细节题。根据文章第五 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段最后一句话It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering...以及第七段The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict...可知本题应选择C项。
3.B 事实细节题。文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段最后一句They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains...由此可知本题选择B项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )...beyond 2℃ this century-a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate...leading to drought,floods...可知必须将上升温度控制在2℃ 以内才可能不会出现危险状况,故选择D项。
【长难句子分析】
—
到目前为止,为减少导致全球变 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )暖的温室气体排放的努力还不足以阻止地球在本世纪气温上升不超出2℃——科学家认为这个数据会带来气候变化的危险,在这样的气候变化中,极端天气会经常发生,会导致干旱、洪涝、庄稼歉收和海平面上升。
.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省潍坊市五校联合高三下学期期中考试】
At times my mom has b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me.For example，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.My mom was extremely nervous about it.She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings.She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.
But despite he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r worries，she let me go on my own.As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her.When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college.Once again I found that I differed from my peers：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own.While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.
One big thing I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) realized during my senior year，as my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me.That means a lot.Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother.I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards；getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.
I know that her hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important，like education，and made me who I am.I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life.Most of all I respect her.She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.
1．When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother________.
A．wanted to go with him
B．worried about his safety
C．didn’t allow him to do so
D．asked his grandmother for advice
2．The author decided to move away for college to________.
A．be different from his peers
B．keep away from his mother
C．be independent in the outside world
D．make his mother unhappy
3．We can learn fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om the third paragraph that the author’s mother________.
A．had a high expectation of him
B．was too strict with him
C．used to expect nothing from him
D．cared little about his learning
4．We can learn from the last paragraph that the author________.
A．is quite grateful for his mother’s trust
B．still doesn’t quite understand his mother’s attitude
C．doesn’t like his mother’s involvement in his life
D．wishes to have more freedom from his mother
5．In the passage，the author mainly wants to tell us________.
A．his long way to becoming independent
B．his good relationship with his mother
C．the importance of a mother’s trust and support
D．his mother’s deep love for him
语篇解读 作者做每一次决定时，母亲都会给予信任和支持，使作者最终变得强大、独立。
1．解析： 考查细节理解。从文章第一段母亲的诸多叮嘱和警告可知，母亲为作者的安全担心。
答案： B
2．解析： 考查细节理解。从文章第二段倒数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二句中的“I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own”可知，作者是想在外独立。
答案： C
3．解析： 考查细节理解。从文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段中的“I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.”可知，母亲对作者期望很高。
答案： A
4．解析： 考查推理判断。从文章最后一段最后三句话可知，作者对母亲给予自己的信任十分感激。
答案： A
5．解析： 考查推理判断。综合全文可知，母亲的信任和支持使作者能够独立而强大，因此可知，本文的主要目的是说明母亲对孩子信任和支持的重要性。
答案：C。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】
More than one in fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur children alive in Britain today will celebrate their 100th birthday，official figures showed.The special figures show a huge social change，with today’s children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.Of the 12.4 million children aged 16 and under,3.3 million (27%) will become someone who is a hundred years old or older.In a class of 30 children，eight can live to be 100.And the rest of the children are likely to get to an old age，even though they will not make it to three figures.
Experts warned t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat children may live to 100，but that they will not get their state pension until they are 70 or beyond.The state pension age is rising to 66 for both men and women by 2020，and the Government has warned it will continue to rise.Laith Khalaf，a pension expert，said，“Living to an old age is lucky if you can afford it，but a nuisance if you can’t.Those without enough savings will be depending on the state pension which will be changed.”
It also increases ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money.Millions of older people have no pensions，no savings and no plans about how they are going to pay for their retirement other than to carry on working.If the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the government.
Laith said，“M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illions of people will be spending over a third of their lives in retirement.It is high time that we reformed the state pension system.We want to make it fair for future generation.”
1．From the first paragraph we can learn that________.
A．today’s children probably live longer than their parents
B．few of British children are expected to live to an old age
C．more than 30% of children aged 16 can live to be 100
D．20% of British children will celebrate their 100th birthday
2．The underlined word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“nuisance” in Paragraph 2 probably means________.
A．somebody who is disabled
B．somebody who is dishonest
C．something that causes trouble
D．something that is incorrect
3．What kind of life will people living to 100 probably face
A．A high quality of life because of the development of technology.
B．A low quality of life because of bad health and limited money.
C．A high quality of life because of the increase in food price.
D．A low quality of life because of the present government.
4．Why should the go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vernment at present reform the state pension system
A．The present pension system isn’t quite useful.
B．People nowadays don’t need the pension at all.
C．More and more people ask the government to do so.
D．The present pension system is unfair for future generation.
5．What can be inferred from the text
A．The retirement age will be raised to 70 or beyond.
B．The government will provide job chances for the retired.
C．The state pension age for men is different from that for women.
D．It will increase th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e government’s pressure if more children live to 100.
语篇解读 官方数据表明，现在的英国儿童会比他们的长辈活得更久。令人担心的是，这将会给政府带来巨大的养老负担。
1．解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二句“The special figures show a huge social change，with today’s children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.”可知，现在的英国儿童可能会比他们的长辈活得更久，故选A。
答案： A
2．解析： 考查词义猜测。根据上下文可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知，画线词所在句表示“如果你能够承担养老的费用，长寿是一种幸运，但如果承担不起，那就会是一种麻烦”，故nuisance＝something that causes trouble，答案为C。
答案： C
3．解析： 考查细节理解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据第三段第一句“It also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money.”可知，活到100岁的人可能会面临因身体差、资金有限而造成生活质量降低的问题，即B项正确。
答案： B
4．解析： 考查细节理解。根据第四段的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后一句“We want to make it fair for future generation.”可知，目前的养老金制度对于后代来说是不公平的，因此政府要改革养老金制度，故D项正确。
答案： D
5．解析： 考查推理判断。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第三段的最后一句“If the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the government.”可知答案。
答案： D.2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（4）解析答案
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012陕西,C)改编
Eating too much fatty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) food,exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.
Previous studies ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems,but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure.In one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.However,it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
1.The text mainly discusses the relationship between .
A.heart problems and air quality
B.heart problems and exercising
C.heart problems and smoking
D.heart problems and fatty food
2.The underlined wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .
A.relatively high B.extremely low
C.relatively low D.extremely high
3.What can we learn from the text ( )
A.Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.
B.The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.
C.Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.
D.Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.
4.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .
A.inform B.persuade
C.describe D.entertain
语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类,从文章中读者可以得知空气污染也是导致心脏出问题的一个重要因素。
答案及剖析:1.A 主旨大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意题。文章第一段的第二句话就已将本文主旨告知:“... there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately:the air you breathe.”故选择A项。
2.C 猜测词义题。文章第三段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一句和第二句主要内容是:虽然空气污染这个因素对于健康人士来说危害相对小,并且相对于其他因素来说空气污染的危害比较低,但是我们不能忽视它。根据上下文句意选择C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第三段的最后一句“So stricter regulation...may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.”可知应选择D项。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据全文可以发现,作者希 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )望通过本文告知读者空气污染对心脏有危害,希望大家在关注这一情况的同时注意环境的保护,故选择A项inform告知,通知。B劝说;C描述;D娱乐。
【长难句子分析】
在关于这项调查的一个述评中,科学家发现,经过几天之后,接触污染物多的人要比接触污染物少的人患心脏病的几率高5%。
在读此句时,有可能因为定语和状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而无法理解句意,因此可将句中的定语和状语画出,留下主要成分:In one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】
The World Bank esti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mates there are about 650 million mobile phone users in African countries south of the Sahara Desert.That is greater than the number of users in the United States and European Union.
Samia Melhem wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ks for the World Bank to increase information technologies in Africa.She says mobile phones are the fastest growing technology on the continent.
“Faster than TV，a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd definitely faster than electricity.More people have access to mobile phones and therefore communication.More people have Internet access today in Africa than they have access to water，clean water，or even sanitation (卫生设备)．So we can say that this has been the most significant revolution in terms of changing the African landscape and how people live their daily life.”
CNN television rece ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntly named seven ways of life that have been revolutionized because of mobile phones.They include political activism，education，entertainment，disaster management，agriculture and health.
Another area is ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nking.Reports say half or more of the adults in Gabon，Kenya and Sudan use mobile money.Rene Mendy sells goods in the streets of Dakar，Senegal.But he never had enough money to open a bank account.
Now he uses a m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )obile phone banking service called Orange Money.With his telephone，he can add or take out as little as one dollar.He can make payments and send money to family members who live far away.
Orange Money s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays it serves four million customers in ten countries.The World Bank’s Samia Melhem notes that the French company is facing competition from other mobile banking services.
“The mobile banking i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a huge trend.And people in the West don’t understand it，because most people have bank accounts and credit cards.It—mobile banking—is the instant possession of cash at a much lower cost.The cost is the cost of sending a message，which is almost nothing compared to what traditional transfer agents，like Western Union，would charge 10 dollars or more for a particular money transfer.”
1．Which country or ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ea has the most mobile phone users according to the text
A．The USA. B．European Union.
C．African countries. D．France.
2．The most significant revolution refers to________.
A．seven ways of life revolutionized because of mobile phones
B．more people having access to clean water
C．mobile phones being the fastest growing technology in Africa
D．the fast development of electricity in Africa
3．Using Orange Money，people can________.
A．add or take out as little as 10 dollars
B．pay for what they want to buy
C．only send money to family members
D．deal with any financial problems
4．Most people in the West don’t use mobile banking because________.
A．they have bank accounts and credit cards
B．they all have much money
C．mobile banking costs few dollars
D．mobile banking is hard to understand
5．The text is mainly about________.
A．how people live their life in Africa
B．mobile phones have changed lives in Africa
C．mobile phones are the fastest growing technology
D．the mobile banking is a huge trend
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了手机改变了非洲人的生活。
1．解析： 考查推理判断。根据文章第一段的内容可知，非洲国家使用手机的数量超过美国和欧盟，由此可知C项正确。
答案： C
2．解析： 考查推理判断。根据文章第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的第二句“She says mobile phones are the fastest growing technology on the continent.”以及第三段的内容可知，手机成为非洲大陆上发展最迅速的科技是(改变非洲前景)最重要的变革，故选C。
答案： C
3．解析： 考查细节理解。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第六段的第二、三两句“With his telephone，he can add or take out as little as one dollar.He can make payments and send money to family members who live far away.”可知，使用Orange Money人们可以支付他们想买的东西，故B项正确。
答案： B
4．解析： 考查细节理解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据最后一段的第二句“And people in the West don’t understand it，because most people have bank accounts and credit cards.”可知，大多数西方人不用手机银行的原因是他们有银行账户和信用卡，故A项正确。
答案： A
5．解析： 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了手机改变了非洲人的生活，故B项正确。
答案：B。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·皖南八校联考】
International Book Club
Have you eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r thought of joining a book club and buying new books through the post？Here at the International Book Club，we already have many members buying books from us by mail.
Immediate benefits：
As a special offer，y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou may choose any reduced price books from our new members’ book list，to the value of $6 in total (plus postage and packing)．By doing this，you will save pounds on the publishers’ prices.
Tick the box on your form to order a free watch.
If you reply within ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seven days，we will send you another free gift carefully chosen from our book list by our staff
Order a DVD fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m the many on offer in our list，at half the recommended retail price.
When you’ve joined：
As a member，you’ll en ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )joy savings of between 30% and 50% off the publisher’s price on every book you buy，and what’s more，they’ll come straight to your door.Your free club magazine arrives once a month，to keep you up to date with the latest best sellers.This means that every year we offer over 1,000 books to choose from.On the Internet，you can find all our titles for the year on our exclusive members’ website.
Being a member：
All we are asking yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u to do while you are a member is to choose four books during your first year.After that，you can decide on the number of books you wish to take.
In each of our mont ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hly club magazines，our experienced staff choose a Club Choice book—a work of fiction or a reference title which they feel is particularly worth buying，and which is offered at an extra special price.However，if you do not want this book，just say so in the space provided on the form.We will always send the book if we do not receive this.
So，return your applic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation form today，but hurry—it’s not every day we can make you an offer like this.To apply to become a member，all you need to do is simply fill in the enclosed form and return it in the postage paid envelope supplied.
Before you know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it，your books will be with you.Please don’t send any money now，as we will send you your bill with the books.And remember，you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered.You should then either return the books or send your payment.
1．Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing doesn’t belong to the benefits of being a club member
A．Get four books for free in the first year.
B．Order a free watch.
C．Get a gift for nothing.
D．Order a DVD at a low price.
2．Every month the club ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) provides a free club magazine in order to________.
A．let readers know the number of books to be sold
B．keep readers well informed of recent best selling books
C．make readers know the club’s development
D．attract more and more readers to join the club
3．If a book is wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rth $100，how much will a member probably save if he buys one
A．$20. B．$40.
C．$60. D．$70.
4．What should you do if you want to join the book club
A．Just fill in a form ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with personal information and send the club an email.
B．Ask other club members to recommend you to the club.
C．Fill in an applicati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on form with needed information and return it to the club.
D．Apply for a membership card.
5．After you get your books，you should________.
A．decide whether to keep them or not within a certain period of time
B．choose whether to keep them or not after you read them carefully
C．express your idea in the space provided in the book
D．send money to the club at once
语篇解读 本文是一则图书俱乐部的会员加入说明。
1．解析： 考查细节理解。根据Being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a member部分中的第一段内容可知，成为会员后，第一年要选购四本书，这些书并不是免费的，因此A项不是成为会员的好处。根据Immediate benefits部分的内部可知，B、C、D三项都是成为会员后可以享受到的好处。
答案： A
2．解析： 考查细节理解。根据When yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u’ve joined部分中的“to keep you up to date with the latest best sellers”可知，每月给会员一本免费的会员杂志是为了告知会员最近的畅销书，因此答案为B。
答案： B
3．解析： 考查细节理解。根据When y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou’ve joined部分中的第一句话可知，会员购书可以打七到五折，因此一本100美元的图书，会员将节省30至50美元，故B项正确。
答案： B
4．解析： 考查细节理解。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据倒数第二段中的“To apply to become a member，all you need to do is simply fill in the enclosed form and return it in the postage paid envelope supplied.”可知，本题答案为C。
答案： C
5．解析： 考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，收到你的书后，你不需要立即汇款，你有14天的时间来决定是否愿意要这些书，因此答案为A。
答案： A2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（2）解析答案
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2009安徽,C)改编
Sometimes,the simp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lest ideas are the best.For example,to absorb heat from the sun to heat water,you need large,flat,black surfaces.One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially,on the roofs of buildings.But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already,in the form of asphalt(柏油) roads
Ten years ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o,this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt,a Dutch engineer.He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up.The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside.
The heat-col ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lector is a system of connected water pipes.Most of them run from one side of the street to the other,just under the asphalt road.Some,however,dive deep into the ground.
When the street su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rface gets hot in summer,water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer(蓄水层) into which several heat exchangers(交换器) have been built.The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers,warming the groundwater,before returning to the surface through another pipe.The aquifer is thus used as a heat store.
In winter,the worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng system is changed slightly.Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer.This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up.After performing that task,it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.
1.Which of the follo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wing is true according to the first two paragraphs ( )
A.Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss.
B.Large,flat,black surfaces need to be built in cities.
C.The Dutch engineer’s system has been widely used.
D.Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads.
2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used ( )
A.To absorb heat from the sun.
B.To store heat for future use.
C.To turn solar energy into heat energy.
D.To carry heat down below the surface.
3.From the last paragraph we can learn that .
A.some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter
B.the system can do more than warming up the building
C.the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface
D.less heat may be collected in winter than in summer
4.What is most like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly to be discussed in the paragraph that follows ( )
A.What we shall do if the system goes wrong.
B.What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads.
C.How the system cools the building in summer.
D.How the system collects heat in spring and autumn.
语篇解读:城市的黑色柏油路有了用武之地,可以用来收集热量,起到冬暖夏凉的功效。
答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。根据第二段的最后一句可知。
2.D 事实细节题。根据第四段第一句中的.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).takes it underground through one of the diving pipes.可知。
3.B 事实细节题。根据第五段最后一句的After performing that task,it is pumped...可知答案。
4.C 推理判断题。文章主要从两方面阐述通过柏油路储热的好处,首先是冬天供暖,下面应该讲述夏天降温。
【长难句子分析】
。
结果是通过依靠外面的路面这样一种系统,他们的建筑物冬天得到供暖,夏天得到降温。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2013·潍坊5月模拟】
“Oh，you must ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with？” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child，she told ABC News.Despite such negative (消极的) remarks，Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she’s not alone.
According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )US’ Office for National Statistics，women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004，compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of one child families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.
But even thoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that they’re selfish，spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children，like Hult，are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future，they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon，however，they ask themselves：is this social prejudice really reasonable
“There have been hundr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人)，” Susan Newman，a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.
This raises another q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uestion：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion
“There is a belief tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous，both for you and for the continuation of your race，” Toni Falbo，a professor of educational psychology，told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died.You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”
Times，of course ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say
Kayley Kravitz，a blogg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er for The Huffington Post，grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all：the ability to be alone，” she said.
1．Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A．Are only children lonely
B．Are only children common
C．Are only children dangerous
D．Are only children different
2．What does Susan Newman mean
A． Only children are as good as their peers.
B．Only children are more selfish and spoiled.
C．Parents feel guilty about having only one child.
D．Parents will endanger their only child’s future.
3．What is the common belief since human existed
A．The infant death rate always stays high.
B．People are crazy to have only one child.
C．It’s easy for only children to earn their living.
D．It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.
4．An only child like Kayley________.
A．must be difficult to persuade
B．can possibly learn to be alone
C．should value special skills
D．need ignore bad experience
5．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child
A．Neutral. B．Negative.
C．Positive. D．Doubtful.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。尽管在英国越来越多的孩子都是独生子女，但很多人对独生子女的看法却依然如故，认为他们自私、娇气、缺少社交技能。对此，独生子女们有他们的看法。
1．解析： 标题概括题。本文主要讨论了独生子女是否就是英国传统观念中的自私、娇气，缺少社交技能的人，所以D项最适合做文章的标题，故选D。
答案： D
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段Susan Newman所说的话可知，成百上千的研究表明独生子女和别的孩子没有什么区别，故选A。
答案： A
3．解析： 细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第六段中的“There is a belief that’s been around probably...both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自从人类存在以来，人们就认为只生一个孩子不论对你自己还是对种族的延续来说都是很危险的，故选D。
答案： D
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段中“Being an only child...the ability to be alone”可知，选B。
答案： B
5．解析： 观点态度题。文中提到不同人对于独生子女的不同观点，但并没有直接提到作者自己的看法，由此可知，应选A，中立的。
答案： A。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·烟台3月诊断性考试】
Fahad Azad，an engine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er in India，invented a robot named DuctBot.The toy car sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.
The robot is desi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gned to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.
In order to contr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ol it more easily，Mr Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbon dioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people’s health.
EPSCO，a Dubai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )based company which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about Mr Azad’s invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts.
In 2005，Mr Azad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company，Robosoft Systems，has Bluestar，EPSCO and the Indian Navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.
Mr Azad and his te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user friendly enough.Mr Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future.
1．What can we learn about Ductbot
A．It is a toy car and popular with children.
B．It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.
C．many LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location.
D．It is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.
2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．
A．the camera B．the conditioning duct
C．the LED light D．the dirty scenery
3．What can the Ductbot do for us
A．Clean off the dirt in the ducts.
B．Control the central conditioning.
C．Reduce carbon dioxide in buildings.
D．Protect more animals in city.
4. According to the text，EPSCO________.
A．has won an international robotics competition
B．hired children to clean the dirty ducts in the past
C．is the only partner of Robosoft Systems
D．specializes in improving people’s health
5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Only engineers can operate the Ductbot now.
B．New ways have been found to examine oil tanks.
C．Azad’s difficulties are impossible to overcome.
D．Azad’s team are working to improve their robot designs.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度的一名工程师发明了一种可以进入空调管道来清理空调灰尘的机器人。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”可知，它像蛇一样在管道中行走。
答案： B
2．解析： 指代判断题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段第二句“A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery”并结合下文可推知，此处的it代指的是the dirty scenery，故答案D符合文意。
答案： D
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”和第三段的第二句“The robot can clean off lots of dirt...”可知，这种机器人可以清理管道里的垃圾。
答案： A
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段的第二句和第三句“EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children”可知，EPSCO公司在过去经常雇佣小孩来清理管道垃圾。
答案： B
5．解析： 段落大意题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据文章最后一段的前两句“Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots user friendly enough.”和整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是Azad团队正在致力于改善自己的机器人设计，故答案D符合文意。
答案： D。2016浙江高考英语二轮科普知识阅读理解（6）解析答案
科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2011浙江,B)改编
Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary.
Important words to learn: Essential Improver Advanced
Pump /p mp/
noun [C] DEVICE 1 a piece of equipment which is used to cause liquid, air or gas to move from one place to another:a water/bicycle/fuel pump ○ a UK petrol/US gas pump SHOE 2[USUALLY PLURAL]US (UK court shoe) a type of plain shoe with a raised HEEL and no way of fastening it to the foot which is worn by women 3 [USUALLY PLURAL]a type of flat shoe, like a BALLET dancer’s shoe,which is worn by women.4 [USUALLY PLURAL]UK a flat shoe made of heavy cloth, which is worn by children for doing sports.
verb LIQUID/GAS1 [ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )T USUALLY+ADV/PREP] to force liquid or gas to move somewhere:Our latest machine can pump a hundred gallons a minute.○The new wine is pumped into storage tanks.○The heart pumps blood through the arteries/round the body. INFORMATION 2[T] INFORMAL to keep asking someone for information, especially in a way that is not direct:She was pumping me for details of the new project.
idioms pump sb.’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hand to SHAKE someone’s hand (=hold their hand and move it up and down, especially in order to greet them)·pump iron INFORMAL to lift heavy weights for exercise:These days both men and women pump iron for fitness.
phrasal verbs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pump sth. into sth. to spend a lot of money trying to make something operate successfully: They had been pumping money into the business for some years without seeing any results.
pump sth. out[M]REMOVE ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1 to remove water or other liquid from something using a pump:We took turns pumping out the boat.PRODUCE2 INFORMAL DISAPPROVING to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated, forceful and continuous: The government keeps pumping out the same old propaganda.○ The car radio was pumping out music with a heavy beat.
pump out sth. If some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one’s stomach is pumped out, a poisonous substance is removed from it by being sucked through a tube: She had to go to hospital to have her stomach pumped out.
pump sb. up [M] INFORMAL to make someone feel more confident or excited: He was offering them advice and trying to pump them up.○[R]The players were pumping themselves up by singing the national anthem before the game.
pump sth. up[ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )M]1 to fill something with air using a pump: Have you pumped up the balloons yet ○ I must pump the tyres up on my bike.2 INFORMAL to increase something by a large amount:The US was able to pump up exports.○ Let’s pump up the volume a bit!
pump-action / p mp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k n /adjective [BEFORE NOUN] describes a device which operates by forcing something, especially air,in or out of a closed space or container:a pump-action shotgun ○ a pump-action toilet
pump priming noun[U] ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) SPECIALIZED the activity of helping a business,programme,economy,etc.to develop by giving it money:The government is awarding small,pump-priming grants to single mothers who are starting their own businesses.
pun /p n/
noun. [C] a h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )umorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word:She made a couple of dreadful puns.○This is a well-known joke based on a pun: “What’s black and white and red(=read) all over ”“A newspaper.”
verb[I](-nn-) to make a pun
Punch /p nt /
noun HIT 1 [C]a forceful hit with a FIST (=closed hand):She gave him a punch UK on/US in the nose.EFFECT2[U] the power to be interesting and have a strong effect on people:I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch.DRINK3[C OR U] a cold or hot drink made by mixing fruit juices,pieces of fruit and often wine or other alcoholic drinks TOOL4[C] a piece of equipment which cuts holes in a material by pushing a piece of metal through it:a ticket punch ○ Have you seen the hole punch anywhere
verb[T]HIT1 to hit someone or something with your FIST(=closed hand):He punched him in the stomach.2 MAINLY US to hit with your fingers the buttons on a telephone or the keys on a keyboard USE TOOL 3 to make a hole in something with a special piece of equipment:I was just punching holes in some sheets of paper.○This belt’s too big—I’ll have to punch an extra hole in it.
idioms punch sb.’s li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ghts out INFORMAL to hit someone repeatedly very hard · punch the clock US to put a card into a special machine to record the times you arrive at and leave work:After 17 years of punching the clock,he just disappeared one morning and was never heard from again.
1.What does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )word“pump”mean in “He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case” ( )
A.Talk with. B.Ask for information.
C.Listen to. D.Provide with evidence.
2.When Sally says“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The TV program kept pumping out commercials”,she may be .
A.excited B.interested
C.annoyed D.worried
3.What will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the government most probably provide if it is engaged in a pump-priming program ( )
A.Sums of money. B.Raw materials.
C.Human resources. D.Media support.
4.When Sylvia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) says“His speech was OK but it had no real punch”,she thinks it was not .
A.fluent and impressive
B.logical and moving
C.informative and significant
D.interesting and powerful
语篇解读:本语篇节选自词典,考查学生通过查词典来理解词句的能力。
答案及剖析:1.B 猜测词义题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case与原文中的She was pumping me for details of the new project.相仿,所以该pump意为“to keep asking someone for information,especially in a way that is not direct”。
2.C 推理判断题。“The TV pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ogram kept pumping out commercials”一句与“The government keeps pumping out the same old propaganda.”相仿,故该pump out意为“to produce words or loud music in a way that is repeated,forceful and continuous”,那是人们所不喜欢的、讨厌的东西。
3.A 事实细节题。从原文可知,“pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mp-priming”意为“the activity of helping a business,programme,economy,etc.to develop by giving it money”,所以答案为A。
4.D 推理判断题。“His ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) speech was OK but it had no real punch”与“I felt the performance/speech/presentation lacked punch.”有关,可知punch应当是“interesting and powerful”的意思。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东烟台模拟】
If you’re in Flo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rence，Italy，and see a man on a ladder wiping the dust off statues and buildings，don’t worry.It’s just Alessandro Ricci gathering material for his famous smog paintings.
Ricci is not a common ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) artist，because he used smog as the main medium of his artworks.Unlike other painters seeking fast recognition of their talent，he doesn’t really care about “being this big artist”．Instead he is more concerned about bringing attention to how much smog there really is in his home town and how it’s destroying both its monuments and people.
Although he did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )take a couple of art classes a few years back，he is mainly self taught，doesn’t work in a studio，donates most of his work，and refuses to play by the rules of the Florentine Art Gallery，which he considers corrupt.Alessandro Ricci believes selling his smog paintings will not only compromise his principles，but also contradict the very thing he’s trying to do—raise awareness about smog pollution in this city.
Alessandro liv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es with his parents nearby Florence，but almost every day he visits the streets of the city，and collects smog for his paintings.He gets it from several meters above ground，from clean surfaces like marble，plastic and stone，using damp pieces of cotton.Then he applies the smog directly onto a cloth and creates street scenes and reproductions of the very buildings from which he got the dangerous material.Finally，he seals his paintings with a natural resin (树脂)．
His actions help ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed win a small victory for the people of Florence，as in October 25,2012 the Duomo area of the city was made pedestrian only.But there is still a long way to go，the artist believes，and only cleaning the thick layer of smog that has accumulated throughout Florence would take several years.Still，he continues to paint his unique smog artworks and let the people know how polluted the environment they live in really is.
1．What does the text mainly tell us
A．Florentine artist fights pollution by painting with smog.
B．Ricci invents a unique way to paint buildings in Florence.
C．People in Florence gather smog to create street scenes.
D．Florence takes measures to improve the polluted city.
2．In what way is Ricci quite different from other artists
A．He lacks talent in art work.
B．He cares little about fame.
C．He hates all the art Galleries.
D．He likes to do things at will.
3．Ricci paints his unique smog artworks aiming to________.
A．fight government corruption
B．advertise the monuments
C．create more street scenes
D．raise awareness about pollution
4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The place where Ricci lives.
B．The problem that Florence faces.
C．The way Riccis paints with smog.
D．The materials for his painting.
5．We can learn from the last paragraph that________.
A．Duomo area of Florence has become more crowded with traffic
B．Ricci’s action has brought no change to the people of Florence
C．Ricci will contin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ue to raise Florentine people’s awareness about pollution
D．Smog pollution in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Florence will be completely settled in several years
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了意大利弗罗伦萨市的一名艺术家通过用烟雾作画来抵制环境污染的故事。
1．解析： 主旨大意题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章最后一段的总结和文章的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述了意大利弗罗伦萨市的一名艺术家通过用烟雾作画来抵制环境污染的故事，故答案A符合文意。
答案： A
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第二段的第二句“Unlike other painters seeking fast recognition of their talent，he doesn’t really care about ‘being this big artist’．”可知，他并不在乎名气的大小。
答案： B
3．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )till，he continues to paint his unique smog artworks and let the people know how polluted the environment they live in really is.”可知，答案D符合文意。
答案： D
4．解析： 段落大意题。根据第四段的整体理 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解可知，本段主要讲的是这名艺术家是如何用烟雾作画的，答案C符合文意。A、B、D三项均不是第四段的主要内容。
答案： C
5．解析： 推理判断题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据文章最后一段的第二句“But there is still a long way to go...”和最后一句“Still，he continues to paint his unique smog artworks and let the people know how polluted the environment they live in really is.”可推知，这名艺术家Ricci将继续从事这项活动以唤醒人们保护环境的意识。
答案：C。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省济南市高考模拟】
To win an Oscar is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n achievement at any age.To do so at 22，like Jennifer Lawrence，is just amazing.Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Awards for her role in the film Silver Linings Playbook.According to Time magazine’s Richard Corliss，Lawrence is a rare young actress who lends mature intelligence to any role.
Though Lawrence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has found great success through her big screen work，she wasn’t sure what she really liked doing before the age of 14.She thought she’d go to college and maybe find a career as a doctor or a travel agent.
Lawrence’s two b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rothers were star athletes and one of them was a straight A student.Unlike them，she suffered through school，never finding where she belonged.However，during a trip to New York，Lawrence suddenly realized that she wanted to be an actress.When she was enjoying the beautiful city，a model seeker asked if he could take her picture，and the next day he called her in for an audition (试镜)．
“I read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )script and it was the first time I had that feeling like I understand this，” Lawrence said.“Within 20 minutes in the cab ride from the hotel，I decided I didn’t want to be a model.In fact，I wanted to be an actress.”Having appreciated this young lady’s performance，the agency was so impresed with her reading that they signed her on the spot.But she insisted on finishing high school so she could pay her full attention to her acting career.
Lawrence burst ont ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the Hollywood scene last year with The Hunger Games，which established her as the highest grossing (票房最高的) female action hero of all time.Rolling Stone called her “the most talented young actress in America”．
1．Which of the following is true of Jennifer Lawrence
A．She achieved her dream by chance.
B．She used to be a well known model.
C．She was awarded by the Academy Awards.
D．She wanted to be an actress at an early age.
2．What can we know about Jennifer Lawrence from Paragraph 3
A．Her parents were really strict with her.
B．She seemed not to fit in with her school life well.
C．Her school performance made her today’s fame.
D．Her two brothers were doing well in all school subjects.
3．Lawrence made up her mind to be an actress because of________.
A．a model interview
B．her brothers’ examples
C．the taxi ride to her hotel
D．the beautiful scenery of New York
4．From the text we can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) know that Lawrence is an actress of great________.
A．confidence B．ambition
C．independence D．talent
5．What is the best title of the text
A．Choosing Right B．Acting Wisely
C．Winning Young D．Following Dreams
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了好莱坞明星詹妮弗·劳伦斯凭借自己的才能和努力飞向梦想的殿堂的故事。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三句“Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Awards for her role in the film Silver Linings Playbook.”可知应选C。
答案： C
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“Unlike them，she suffered through school，never finding where she belonged.”可知她不是很适应学校生活，所以选B。
答案： B
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，劳伦斯想成为一名演员的想法来源于一次模特面试，所以选A。
答案： A
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的“a rare young actress who lends mature intelligence to any role”和最后一段的第二句“Rolling Stone called her ‘the most talented young actress in America’”．可知应选D。
答案： D
5．解析： 主旨大意题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通读全文可知，Jennifer Lawrence年轻时凭借自己的才能和努力取得了成功。故最佳标题为Winning Young。
答案：C。
