2016浙江高考英语二轮说理议论阅读理解（5份打包）解析答案

2016浙江高考英语二轮说理议论阅读理解（2）解析答案
说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013新课标全国Ⅱ,A)改编
Doctors are known ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.
I first read abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to: Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to put the landing gear down now!”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn’t overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them ,someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.
1.What does the author say about doctors in general (　　)
A.They like flying by themselves.
B.They are unwilling to take advice.
C.They pretend to be good pilots.
D.They are quick learners of CRM.
2.The author ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when 　　　.
A.he saved the plane by speaking up
B.he was in charge of a flying task
C.his boss landed the plane too late
D.his boss operated on a patient
3.In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means 　　　.
A.following flying requirements.
B.overreacting to different opinions.
C.listening to what fellow doctors say
D.making a mistake that may cost lives
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text (　　)
A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe
B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor
C.The Making of a Good Pilot
D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor
　　语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者通过自己的经历论证了倾听别人建议的重要性。
答案及剖析:1.B　事实细节题。由第一段第二句可知,医生往往不喜欢听建议,因为他们了解情况,故选B项。
2.A　事实细节题。由第二段最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后两句可知,作者大胆提醒飞行员(主治医师)放下起落架,第一次感到了大胆说出来的力量,且从此以后在手术室也这样做。
3.D　猜测词义题。根据第二段作者大声地提醒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )飞行员“将起落架升起来”从而使大家脱离危险及文章最后一句话可知,此处“landing gear up”借指所犯的可能会以生命为代价的错误。
4.B　主旨大意题。作者将自己从飞行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )员职业经历中所获取的经验运用到行医生涯中,使自己善于倾听别人的建议,从而使自己成为了一名优秀的医生。B项符合题意。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.speak up 说话,明确表态
There was a brief silence,then he spoke up.
一阵短暂的沉默之后,他开始发表意见了。
2.voice vt.表示;表达
A number of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )parents have voiced concern about their children’s safety.
许多家长对他们子女的安全表示了担心。
【长难句子分析】
,
但是我希望如果我继续鼓励他们,总有一天会有人阻止我犯“将起落架升起”这样的错误。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省济南市高三巩固性训练】
More men are finding their calling as nurses.
A new study ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from the United States Census Bureau reports the number of male nurses has doubled since the 1970s.Back then，about 2.7 percent of registered nurses were men.The new study，which tracked data through 2011，finds that men now make up 9.6 percent of all employed nurses in the United States—about 330,000 men in total.Recent years of shortages have led to increased efforts，according to the report，which included recruiting men into the field.
Men，in fact，had be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en largely kept out of nursing in past decades because nursing schools often refused to admit men.The Supreme Court ruled that practice unconstitutional in 1981 after a case involving a state nursing school.
“The relatively hig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h wages and expanding job opportunities make this field attractive，offering stability even during recessions (经济衰退)，” wrote the report’s author，Liana Christin Landivar of the US Census Bureau.“And because of high demand，nursing has low unemployment rates compared to other fields.”
Men were found to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more likely to become nurse anesthetists (麻醉师)，which is the highest paid nursing occupation，and were found least likely to become licensed practical or licensed vocational nurses，the lowest paid types of nursing.Nurse anesthetists are required to get graduate education，and are certified to give anesthetists and monitor patients recovering from anesthesia.Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses provide patients with care and may work under the supervision (监督) of a registered nurse.Registered nurses assess patients’ health problems and needs，develop and carry out nursing care plans，maintain medical records，and administer care.
For all types of nu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsing，men earned，on average，$60,700 per year，while women earned $51,100 per year.“Even among men and women in the same nursing occupations，men outearn women，” wrote Landivar.
1．Which of the following is true about nurses in the US in the 1970s
A．The number of male nurses doubled.
B．About 2.7% of registered nurses were men.
C．There were about 330,000 male nurses.
D．About 9.6% of employed nurses were men.
2．The underlined word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“recruiting” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．helping people to get used to
B．ordering people to learn
C．asking people to join in
D．inspiring people to devote
3．Why are more men willing to become nurses in the US
A．The economy is in bad condition.
B．More people are out of employment.
C．It is promising to go to nursing schools.
D．It’s easier to get employed and well paid.
4．According to the text，male nurses are more likely to________.
A．become licensed practical nurses
B．devote themselves to work
C．graduate from nursing schools
D．get the highest paid nursing occupation
5．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A．Men are more likely to be better nurses.
B．As nurses，men earn more than women.
C．Male nurses work harder than female ones.
D．Male and female nurses do different jobs.
语篇解读　本文为说明文，主要介绍了美国男护士的就业情况。
1．解析：　细节理解题。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段的第二句“Back then，about 2.7 percent of registered nurses were men.”可知B项正确。
答案：　B
2．解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前面的“Recent years of shortages have led to increased efforts”和该词后面的“men into the field”可推知C项正确。
答案：　C
3．解析：　细节理解题。由第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段第一句中的“The relatively high wages and expanding job opportunities make this field attractive”可知答案为D。
答案：　D
4．解析：　细节理解题。由第五段第一句中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Men were found to be more likely to become nurse anesthetists (麻醉师)，which is the highest paid nursing occupation”可知答案为D。
答案：　D
5．解析：　段落大意题。根据最后一段的信息 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“men earned，on average，$60,700 per year，while women earned $51,100 per year”和“men outearn women”可知B项正确。
答案：　B。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省济南市名校高三第四次诊断性测试】
With the average tempe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rature for January standing at －50 ℃，it is no wonder the Russian village of Oymyakon is the coldest permanently inhabited settlement in the world.Known as the “Pole of Cold”，the coldest ever temperature recorded in Oymyakon is －71.2 ℃.This is the lowest recorded temperature for any permanently inhabited location on Earth and the lowest temperature recorded in the northern hemisphere (北半球)．
Ironically，Oymy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )akon actually means “non freezing water” due to a nearby hot spring.Most homes in Oymyakon still burn coal and wood for heat and enjoy few modern conveniences.
Nothing grows there so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) people eat reindeer (驯鹿) meat and horsemeat.A single shop provides the town’s bare necessities and the locals work as reindeer breeders，hunters and ice fisherman.
There are few ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) modern conveniences in the village—with many buildings still having outdoor toilets—and most people still burn coal and wood for heat.When coal deliveries are irregular，the power station starts burning wood.If the power ceases，the town shuts down in about five hours，and the pipes freeze and crack.
Daily problem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s that come with living in Oymyakon include pen ink freezing，glasses freezing to people’s faces and batteries losing power.Locals are said to leave their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them.Even if there was coverage for mobile phone reception，the phones themselves would not work in such conditions.
Another problem ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )used by the frozen temperatures is burying dead bodies，which can take anything up to three days.The earth must first have thawed (融解) sufficiently in order to dig it，so a bonfire is lit for a couple of hours.Hot coals are then pushed to the side and a hole couple of inches deep is dug.The process is repeated for several days until the hole is deep enough to bury the coffin.
Travel companies off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er tourists the opportunity to visit the village and sample life in the freezing conditions.
1．Oymyakon gets its name because________.
A．it is extremely cold there
B．its water is non freezing
C．there is a hot spring nearby
D．it is known as the “Pole of Cold”
2．From the passage we can infer that people in Oymyakon________.
A．prefer meat to any other kind of food
B．seldom have fresh vegetables and fruits
C．can buy anything in the shop
D．might row a boat to catch fish
3．Why do the locals have their cars running all day
A．They are afraid they can’t get the car started.
B．They want to keep warm in the car.
C．They have abundant oil resources.
D．They have little awareness of saving.
4．Mobile phones would not work in Oymyakon because________.
A．the batteries are of poor quality
B．there was no coverage for phone reception
C．batteries can’t be charged in such conditions
D．the extreme coldness makes the batteries lose power
5．Which of the following is the first step when burying a dead body
A．The coffin must be put in place.
B．A bonfire has to be lit first.
C．Hot coals have to be pushed to the side.
D．A hole couple of inches deep is dug.
语篇解读　俄罗斯的奥伊米亚康村庄一月份的平均气温达到零下50度，是全球最寒冷的永久居住点。
1．解析：　考查细节理解。根据第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段的第一句话“Ironically，Oymyakon actually means ‘non freezing water’ due to a nearby hot spring.”可知，它是因附近的一个温泉而得名。
答案：　C
2．解析：　考查推理判断。根据第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段中的“Nothing grows there so people eat reindeer (驯鹿) meat and horsemeat.”可推知，那里的人很少吃到新鲜的蔬菜和水果。
答案：　B
3．解析：　考查细节理解。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第五段中的“Locals are said to leave their cars running all day for fear of not being able to restart them.”可知，他们这样做是因为他们害怕不能让车重新启动。
答案：　A
4．解析：　考查推理判断。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )五段中的“include pen ink freezing，glasses freezing to people’s faces and batteries losing power”和“ Even if there was coverage for mobile phone reception，the phones themselves would not work in such conditions.”可知，手机在那儿不能用的原因是D项。
答案：　D
5．解析：　考查细节理解。根据倒数第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段中的“The earth must first have thawed (融解) sufficiently in order to dig it，so a bonfire is lit for a couple of hours.”可知，要先点燃篝火，把土地解冻。2016浙江高考英语二轮说理议论阅读理解（1）解析答案
说理议论（阅读理解）
由 (2013新课标全国Ⅰ,C)改编
It happened to me re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was,in his words,“a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”.However,he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t.In the World Book Day’s“Report on Guilty Secrets”,Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books,and various authors,which people have lied about reading,and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out ),I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that,unlike 42 percent of people,I have read the book at number one,George Orwell’s 1984.I think it’s really brilliant.
The World Book Day re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )port also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen,Charles Dickens,Fyodor Dostoevsky(I haven’t read him,but haven’t lied about it either )and Herman Melville.
Asked why the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y lied,the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in -depth!
But when asked whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h authors they actually enjoy,people named J.K.Rowling,John Grisham,Sophie Kinsella(ah,the big sellers,in other words).Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I’ll come clean:I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
1.How did the author find his friend a book liar (　　)
A.By judging his manner of speaking.
B.By looking into his background.
C.By mentioning a famous name.
D.By discussing the book itself.
2.Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing is a“guilty secret ”according to the World Book Day report (　　)
A.Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.
B.42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
C.The author admitted having read 9 books.
D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
3.By lying about reading,a person hopes to 　　　.
A.control the conversation
B.appear knowledgeable
C.learn about the book
D.make more friends
4.What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers (　　)
A.Favorable. B.Uncaring
C.Doubtful D.Friendly
语篇解读:本文为议论文。有些人撒谎说他们读过某本书,其实他们根本没有读。他们撒谎主要是想给别人留下深刻的印象。
答案及剖析:1.D　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第一段倒数第二句中的“talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all”可知,答案为D项。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句并结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )合上文“The report lists ten books,and various authors,which people have lied about reading”可知,42%的人撒谎说读过《1984》这本书。
3.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句可知,撒谎说读过某本书的人是为了给别人留下深刻的印象,由此可推知B项正确。
4.C　推断态度题。根据最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一段中的“am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知,作者对58%的人说的话感到吃惊,即他对这些话的真实性表示怀疑。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省潍坊市高三联合考试】
Apart from p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sychological illness，we are all largely responsible for our own emotional health.What we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.This also contributes to many mental health disorders.
Many of us have pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds，but if you’re buried in them and believe them，they could be wearing your sense of self esteem (自尊)．Here are a few beliefs that indicate you may need to switch the channel：I’m not good enough？/I don’t deserve...？/No one likes me？/I’m a failure
Negative thoughts r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures，and they get you nowhere.
What can you do？Here are some suggestions：
Switch the channe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l when negative thoughts appear.Self talk is not so obvious that we often don’t notice its effect on our mood and belief systems.Key things to notice are “if only” or “what if” statements：the former keeps you stuck in the past with regret，while the latter keeps you fearful of the future.There is nothing you can do about the past，and the future isn’t here yet，so stay in the present moment.
Recognize that actio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns always follow beliefs.You’ll find yourself behaving in ways that are consistent to your beliefs.So，start believing the best about yourself：act as if you believe that you’re a valuable and worthy person.
Develop positive s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elf talk rather than negative self talk.Instead of always looking down upon yourself in your head，think of some things you actually like about yourself.What are your strengths？What are you good at？Instead of saying “I’m a loser”，try saying，“I am capable./I’m good at.../I accept myself the way I am.”
Thinking poorly abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut ourselves gets us nowhere and is extremely self limiting.Decide today to turn off the negative self talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.
1．From the first two paragraphs we can learn that________.
A．lots of people have no sense of self esteem
B．focusing on negative thoughts may have bad effect on people
C．negative thoughts will strengthen our sense of self esteem
D．few people have negative thoughts and mental problems
2．The underline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d word “wearing” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A．strengthening 　 B．protecting
C．weakening 　 D．replacing
3．What do the suggestions in the text tell us
A．Our beliefs always come after actions.
B．Positive self talk does good to our mental health.
C．Looking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty.
D．“What if” keeps you stuck in the past with regret.
4．The text encourages us to________.
A．get rid of negative thoughts
B．get anywhere we like
C．think highly of others
D．turn off the self talk channel
5．This text is most likely to appear in________.
A．a recreation guide 　 B．a medical journal
C．a science textbook 　 D．a travel brochure
语篇解读　文章主要告诉大家抛弃消极的思想，培养积极的思想。
1．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的“What we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.This also contributes to many mental health disorders.”以及第二段中的“Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds”可以判断出，消极的思想会对人产生不利的影响，故答案为B。
答案：　B
2．解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容可知，这里指的是消极的思想可能会减弱人们的自尊感。故wearing在此与weakening的意思最接近，表示“减弱”。
答案：　C
3．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章最后四段的内容可推知，积极的自我暗示对我们的心理有益，故B项正确。
答案：　B
4．解析：　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章鼓励我们抛弃消极的思想。
答案：　A
5．解析：　推理判断题。由于本文主要说明的是消极思想和积极思想对人们所产生的影响，故本文最有可能出现在医学杂志上，选B。
答案：B.。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·江西高安中学模拟】
Mouth bacteria ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) grow fast in airless conditions.Oxygen rich saliva (唾液) keeps their numbers down.When we sleep，for example，the saliva stream slows，and sulfur (硫) producing bacteria gains the upper hand，producing classic “morning breath”．
Alcohol drinking，to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o much talking，breathing through the mouth during exercise，anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath.So can stress，though it’s not understood why.Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
Saliva flow gradual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly slows with age，which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do.Babies.however，who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
For most of us，the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imple，dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured.Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria.Breakfast often stops morning breath.
Those with constant dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y mouth find that it helps to keep gum，hard candy，or a bottle of water or juice around.Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
Surprisingly，one t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hing that rarely works is mouthwash.The liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell，but the effect lasts no more than an hour.Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath.The trouble is，they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs.Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (粘液)．If the mouthwash contains alcohol—as most do—it can worsen the problem by drying our mouth.
1．Which of the following is right
A．Saliva flow gradually increases with age.
B．Alcohol drinking does good to bad breath.
C．Mouthwash is not an effective way to bad breath.
D．Mouth bacteria can’t grow fast in airless conditions.
2．Which of the foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owing is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath
A．Tooth trouble.　　　　 B．Sulfur rich food.
C．Too much exercise.　 D．Mental pressure.
3．According to the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assage，alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because________.
A．it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
B．its smell adds to bad breath
C．it kills some helpful bacteria
D．it affects the normal flow of saliva
4．Mouthwashes are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because________.
A．they can’t mask the bad odor long enough
B．they can’t get to all the offending bacteria
C．their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse
D．they can’t cover the thick layers of mucus
5．We can infer from this passage that________.
A．offensive breath can’t easily be cured
B．elderly people are less offended by bad breath
C．heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath
D．offensive breath is less affected by alcohol
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。说明了口气(臭)的原因，虽然有些治疗措施，但是都不能从根本上治愈。
1．解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二句“The liquid can mask bad breath smell with its own smell，but the effect lasts no more than an hour.”可知，答案选C。
答案：　C
2．解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“So can stress，though it’s not understood why.”可知，答案选D。
答案：　D
3．解析：　推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一段“Mouth bacteria grow fast in airless conditions...the saliva stream slows...producing classic ‘morning breath’．”可知，在没有新鲜空气的情况下，唾液流动会缓慢，口腔细菌会增加。由此结合第二段第一句“Alcohol drinking...dries the mouth produces bad breath.”可知，喝酒会使人口干舌燥，造成唾液流动缓慢，从而产生口臭。
答案：　D
4．解析：　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据最后一段第四句“The trouble is，they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs.”可知，故答案选B。
答案：　B
5．解析：　推理判断题。文中提到了一些治疗方法，比如口香糖、硬糖、漱口剂等，但是都不能有效根治口臭。
答案：A。2016浙江高考英语二轮说理议论阅读理解（5）解析答案
说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013天津,B)改编
Last night’s meteor(流星 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild,Emerald Valley’s mayor,people gathered in the suburbs of the city,carrying heavy telescopes,expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
“My family was so fru ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )strated,”admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing,but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”
Astronomers—s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
There is yet a populat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.For example,outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds.According to the International Dark-Sky Association,“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”
Countless more ani ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly,people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings,but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans,too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide,and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them,so that other creatures can share the night.
1.It happened last night that 　　　.
A.the city’s lights affected the meteor watching
B.the meteors flew past before being noticed
C.the city light show attracted many people
D.the meteor watching ended up a social outing
2.What do the astronomers complain about (　　)
A.Meteor showers occur less often than before.
B.Their observation equipment is in poor repair.
C.Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.
D.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.
3.What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4 (　　)
A.Birds may take other migration paths.
B.Animals’ living habits may change suddenly.
C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.
D.Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.
4.Lighting regulations ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in Flagstaff,Arizona are put into effect to 　　　.
A.lessen the chance of getting cancer
B.create an ideal observation condition
C.ensure citizens a good sleep at night
D.enable all creatures to live in harmony
5.What message does the author most want to give us (　　)
A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.
B.Great efforts should be made to save energy.
C.Human activities should be environmentally friendly.
D.New equipment should be introduced for space study.
　　语篇解读:城市灯光的亮度超过了夜空中的星光,这使得观看夜空的人们受到影响,也破坏了生态平衡,影响了其他生物。
答案及剖析:1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段最后一句“What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知,因为城市的灯光太亮,掩盖了流星的光芒,影响了流星的观赏,故选A项。
2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话及第二句可知,天文学家们在抱怨光污染影响他们的观测,而这个问题几十年来悬而未决。故选C项。
3.D　推理判断题。根据文章第四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第二句“This population consists of birds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.”以及之后的例子可推断出,作者关注的是光污染已经给动物的生存带来了极大的威胁。
4.B　细节理解题。由文章最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段中的For years,Flagstaff,Arizona,has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.可知,他们制定该条例的目的是为天文学家创造一个理想的观测条件。
5.C　推理判断题。作者通过讲述光污染对观测天象的影响和对动物生存的威胁告诉我们,人类的行为要有利于环境。
【长难句子分析】
然而,他们所看到的是城市的灯光照得天空如此明亮,以致影响到了人们观看流星雨了。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·江西六校高三联考】
Most people will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )answer a ringing phone.Usually you don’t know who is phoning or how urgent their business is，so a ringing phone is difficult to ignore.In one experiment，a researcher wrote down the numbers of several public phones in stations and airports.Then he called the numbers.Someone nearly always answered.When he asked why，people usually said，“Because it rang.”
A few years ago in N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew Jersey，a man with a rifle killed 13 people.Armed police surrounded his house but he refused to come out.A reporter found out the phone number of the house and called.The man put down his rifle and answered the phone.“What do you want？” he said，“I’m really busy right now.”
Imagine you ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e at work and the phone is ringing in someone else’s office.Do you answer it or not？In one survey on telephone use,51% of participants told researchers that they did.We can’t ignore the phone and for that reason，it forces its way into our life.It interrupts what we are doing and on top of that，the caller is often someone we don’t really want to talk to.However，in the survey,58% said they never took the phone off the hook，and 67% didn’t mind if someone called during a television programme.For 44% it wasn’t a problem if someone rang during a meal，while only 28% were annoyed or upset.If someone phoned in the middle of the night,40% told researchers that they got nervous or frightened，while around 30% got angry.
Of course，when someo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne is really annoying，you can choose to hang up on him/her.This is in fact one of the rudest things you can do on the phone，but 79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases.Only 6% told researchers they never hung up on people.
1．In the experiment，people answered the researcher’s phone________.
A．in order to help him gather the data
B．for fear that it was urgent
C．to test the function of the phone
D．to show their interest in the survey
2．The gunman answered the phone because________.
A．he decided not to give up his resistance to the police
B．he intended to be friendly with the media
C．he wanted to tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the reporter that he was too busy to offer any information
D．he tended to answer a ringing phone
3．According to Par ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )agraph 3，most people________when they were doing their work or watching television.
A．refused to answer the phone in someone else’s office
B．couldn’t ignore the phone
C．minded the ringing of the phone
D．kept the phone ringing
4．What is implied by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the sentence “79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases”？
A．They also agreed to hang up on others regardless of rudeness.
B．They were prepared to punish those rude callers.
C．They were annoying rude callers.
D．They were going to hang on annoying phones.
5．The purpose of the survey is to find out________.
A．how the phone interrupts people’s work
B．what role the phone plays in people’s lives
C．why people mind a ringing phone sometimes
D．when the phone communication is more welcome
语篇解读　本文是一篇调查报道。实验发现，大多数人都会接听正在响着的电话，因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。
1．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，人们接听电话是因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。
答案：　B
2．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容并结合文章大意可知，那位杀人犯之所以接听了电话，是因为他和多数人一样，不能不理会正在响着的电话。
答案：　D
3．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“We can’t ignore the phone and for that reason，it forces its way into our life.”可知，多数人在工作或看电视时，当听到电话响了会去接听。
答案：　B
4．解析：　句意理解题。根据文章最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容可知，当接听了电话后，如果对方令人讨厌，你当然可以挂断他或她的电话。虽然这是在打电话时很没礼貌的行为，但79%的人说如果碰到类似情况他们也会那样做。
答案：　A
5．解析：　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是为了调查人们为什么会去接听正在响着的电话的原因。
答案：C。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省实验中学二模】
Genzeb Tibeb is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) very bright.At only 11 years old，her future is looking promising.She is ranked 2nd out of 56 students at her government school in Addis Ababa，Ethiopia where she has been selected for a special program because of her talent.She knows she is special and proudly shows off her certificate and book signifying her accomplishments in this special program.
But her future ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sn’t always looked so bright.While her mother，Bekelech，sacrificed immensely for Genzeb，she would not have been able to continue sending her to school.When her husband died，Bekelech was the sole provider，for their five children.In order for them to survive，she began the daily routine of walking approximately 8－10 miles a day collecting sticks to sell near her 8′×10′ home in Kichone.It wouldn’t have been long before Genzeb would have been forced to quit school in order to help her mom.But Bright Future changed all that.
Genzeb has been at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Bright Future for 3 years.Since Ethiopian schools let out early，Genzeb walks to the facility right after lunch.Because of her high ability，she even helps teach the younger children there，building confidence and locking in important foundational academic skills.There’s also other meaningful opportunities Genzeb experiences which allow her eyes to be opened to the different opportunities that are available to her if she completes her studies.Field trips are one of her most favorite activities of all.She especially loved the one to Addis Ababa University.
She knows it goes beyo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd fun trips，though.“I am happy because I get extra help for school from Bright Future.”Genzeb shares.At so many levels，her involvement with Bright Future allows her to receive a better education，which she values.For one day she wants to help people in need by becoming a doctor.And now she knows，that with a lot of hard work，that dream might just become a reality.
1．What does the u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nderlined word “sole” in the second paragraph probably mean
A．important 　 B．main
C．unable 　 D．only
2．According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the text，what is the major factor that can help Genzeb Tibeb continue her school
A．Bright future.　 B．Her talent.
C．Her mother.　 D．Her school.
3．From the text we can learn________.
A．Genzeb Tibeb quitted school for several years
B．Genzeb Tibeb was admitted into a famous university
C．Genzeb Tibeb was involved in Bright Future activities
D．Genzeb Tibeb had to earn a living by herself
4．According to the text，what is Bright Future probably
A．A student training center.
B．A scholarship organization.
C．A government school.
D．An orphanage organization.
5．Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following things didn’t Genzeb Tibeb do on Bright Future
A．Collecting and selling sticks.
B．Teach younger kids there.
C．Lock in academic skills.
D．Take part in field trips.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。内容主要讲述了Bright Future组织帮助一名埃塞俄比亚女孩(Genzeb)继续学业的故事。
1．解析：　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所在句子的意思是：当Genzeb 的父亲去世后，她的母亲Bekelech成了唯一养家的人。因此sole应为“唯一”之意。
答案：　D
2．解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“...have been forced to quit school...But Bright Future changed all that.”可知，是Bright Future帮助了Genzeb继续她的学业。
答案：　A
3．解析：　推理判断题。根据倒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数第二段内容可知，Genzeb已经加入Bright Future三年了并且经常参与Bright Future组织的活动。
答案：　C
4．解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he is ranked 2nd out of 56 students...shows off her certificate and book...”及第二段最后两句“...have been forced to quit school in order to help her mom.But Bright Future changed all that.”可推知，Bright Future是给那些家庭困难、成绩优异的学生提供继续学业的一个组织。
答案：　B
5．解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“...helps teach the younger children...locking in important foundational academic skills.”及该段倒数第二句“Field trips are one of...”可知，B、C、D三项均为Genzeb在Bright Future中参与的活动；A项指的是她母亲的行为。
答案：　A2016浙江高考英语二轮说理议论阅读理解（3）解析答案
说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013江西,D)改编
One might ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers.Indeed,a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere.And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the “last paradise(天堂) on earth”.
However,the sca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy.In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays,over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.
Those countries ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with little experience of tourism can suffer most.In recent years,Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.Its forests ,full of wildlife and rare flowers,were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise.In fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers,with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.
Not only can the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism.The people as well rapidly feel its effects.Farmland makes way for hotels,roads and airports; the old way of life goes.The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization; he is no longer his own master.Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited.No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village working his own land.
Thankfully,the touri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers.The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies.At the same time,tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.If not,in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
1.What does the aut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hor indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1 (　　)
A.The Pacific island is a paradise.
B.The Pacific island is worth visiting.
C.The advertisement is not convincing.
D.The advertisement is not impressive.
2.The example of Nepal is used to suggest 　　　.
A.its natural resources are untouched
B.its forests are exploited for farmland
C.it develops well in health and education
D.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists
3.What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4 (　　)
A.They are happy to work their own lands.
B.They have to please the tourists for a living.
C.They have to struggle for their independence.
D.They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.
4.Which of the following determines the future of tourism (　　)
A.The number of tourists.
B.The improvement of services.
C.The promotion of new products.
D.The management of tourism.
5.The author’s attit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ude towards the development of the tourist industry is 　　　.
A.optimistic B.doubtful C.objective D.negative
语篇解读:本篇为议论文,重点讨论了旅游业带来的负面影响。
答案及剖析:1.C　推理判断 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题。从第一段的最后一句话可知,每个月都有另外一个太平洋岛屿被宣称是“地球上最后的天堂”。其实这些广告只是为了吸引游客,绝非真实,因此是不可信的。
2.D　推理判断题。从第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段中的“In fact,the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.”可知,尼泊尔为了发展旅游业,对外开放了森林,然而,大自然很快就受到了旅游业带来的负面影响。作者举此例的目的不言而喻。故选D项。
3.B　细节理解题。从第四段中的“The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization...now it is his smile that is exploited.”可知,昔日的农民,成为了服务员,通过取悦游客来谋生。
4.D　细节理解题。从最后一段中的“T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.”可知,旅游业的未来发展受到了管理方式的影响。
5.C　推理判断题。作者通过举例子阐述了旅游业带来的负面影响,不偏不倚,因此作者对旅游业发展的态度是客观的。故选C项。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.rock-bound adj.岩石包围的,多岩石的
The fishermen lived on a rock-bound small island.
渔民们生活在一个多岩石的小岛上。
2.handle v.处理,管理;操纵
The government handles the education of the whole country.
政府掌管着全国的教育工作。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·山东省齐鲁名校高三年级联合测试】
When I was growing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up in the suburbs of New York，our first local Earth Day was organized around a drive to a town field where families were urged to dump items from their basements for recycling rather than tossing them in the trash.It was an eye opening concept for a kid in 1970.
But as an enviro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nmental reporter，I have come to dread (非常害怕) the large amount of deals and promotions that arrive via e mail or in my office or home mailbox on Earth Day.Like Valentine’s Day，Earth Day has become a huge marketing opportunity—a paradoxical (矛盾的) way to promote consumption and sell stuff.
In fact，Earth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Day is such a good sales hook that some shops，like Target，have expanded Earth Day into Earth Month.
There isn’t time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to give you a full rundown of the Earth Day shopping opportunities I was alerted to this past week.They included deals on buying bottled water and earth friendly diaper wipes.
My award for t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he silliest promotion：a plan to gift 25 of the most environmentally conscious stars unique，useful and fabulous “green” products and services，including skin care products，cat litter，cheesecake and artwork.My guess is most of the stuff will end up in celebrities’ garbage.
Is buying and selli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng a good way to celebrate and protect the environment？I would argue that Earth Day might be an occasion to consider giving up purchases or habits that are environmentally questionable or that we could happily do without.How about not buying bottled water，but refilling a water bottle？How about not buying foods—even “organic” foods—that are packed in non recyclable plastic
Don’t get me wrong.Br ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idgestone is celebrating Earth Day by promising to repurpose a spent tire for every tire that it sells.Verizon will plant a tree for each cellphone you trade in.Some coffee stores will even refill reusable mugs at no charge.Target is giving out free reusable carrier bags without requiring a purchase.
But few reta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ilers are taking the next step—charging a fee at the cash register for disposable plastic bags，a common practice in Europe—to motivate customers to use those new reusable carriers.
Earth Day is transient ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (短暂的)．If you only showed love on Valentine’s Day，would that really mean anything at all
1．The author’s first local Earth Day was celebrated by________.
A．driving to a town field for fun
B．dumping unused items for recycling
C．looking for good ideas for reuse
D．clearing items from their basement
2．Why do some shops expand Earth Day into Earth Month
A．Because too many activities are organized for the day.
B．Because they intend to make more sales strategies.
C．Because they want to have more selling opportunities.
D．Because they have to deal with too much waste.
3．What’s the au ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thor’s attitude towards the deals and promotions on Earth Day
A．Objective.　 B．Optimistic.
C．Supportive.　 D．Critical.
4．According to the author，it’s environmentally friendly to________.
A．buy packed organic foods
B．offer stars green products
C．refill water bottles
D．ask for disposable plastic bags
5．It could be inferr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed from the text that Bridgestone and Verizon________.
A．are likely to misunderstand the author
B．have a good way to celebrate Earth Day
C．are devoted to making money on Earth Day
D．make wrong promotion plans on Earth Day
语篇解读　本文作者对一些商家在世界地球日的做法发表了自己的观点。
1．解析：　考查细节理解。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段中的“our first local Earth Day was organized around a drive to a town field where families were urged to dump items from their basements for recycling”可知答案。
答案：　B
2．解析：　考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，一些商家将世界地球日扩展为世界地球月是为了销售更多的商品。
答案：　C
3．解析：　考查观点态度。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据第二段中的“I have come to dread the large amount of deals and promotions”以及第五段中的“My award for the silliest promotion”可知，作者对商家的促销活动持批评态度。
答案：　D
4．解析：　考查细节理解。根据倒数第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段中的“How about not buying bottled water，but refilling a water bottle？”可知，C项正确，其他项均与文章不符。
答案：　C
5．解析：　考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段的描述可知，作者认同这两个商家庆祝世界地球日的方法。
答案：B。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·日照模拟】
World famous v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iolinist Itzhak Perlman was stricken with polio as a child.As a result，he wears braces on both legs and walks with the aid of crutches.At_concerts，getting on stage is no small achievement_for_him. He slowly crosses the stage until he reaches his chair. He lays his crutches on the floor，slowly undoes the clasps (扣环) on his legs，puts one foot backward and extends the other one forward.Then he bends down and picks up the violin，puts it under his chin (下巴)，nods to the conductor，and starts to play.
One fall evening in 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )995，while performing at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City，Perlman had to deal with one additional trouble.Jack Reimer，a famous reporter with the Houston Chronicle，described the scene.“Just as he finished the first few bars，one of the strings on his violin broke.You could hear the sound go off like gunfire across the room.There was no mistaking what that sound meant.”
There was no m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )istaking what he had to do.People who were there said，“We figured he would have to get up...to either find another violin or find another string for this one.”
But he didn’t.I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nstead he waited a moment，closed his eyes，and then signaled the conductor to begin again.The band and he played from where he had left off.He played with enthusiasm and power.
Of course，it is im ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )possible to play a symphonic work with just three strings.But that night Itzhak Perlman refused to know that.You could see him modulate (调音)，change，recompose the piece in his head.At one point，it sounded like he was tuning the strings to get new sounds they had never made before.
1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean
A．It’s a piece of cake for Perlman to perform on the stage.
B．It’s not easy for Perlman to get on the stage.
C．Perlman has achieved great success on the stage.
D．Perlman has small achievements on the stage.
2.How did the string break
A．It only broke by accident.
B．Perlman broke the string because he was too excited.
C．A gunfire from somewhere in the room broke it.
D．It was broken by the few bars.
3.After the strin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g broke the audience thought that Perlman would________.
A．get angry at his performance
B．give up the performance
C．do something about the violin
D．continue performing with the three string violin
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Perlman________.
A．pretended not to know that the string was broken
B．thought nothing was impossible
C．was a very proud man
D．showed his self confidence in time of trouble
5.What is the best title for the passage
A．A World famous Disabled Artist
B．An Unexpected Accident
C．The Performance Went on
D．A Three string Violin and Its Owner
语篇解读　本文是一篇人物故事，讲述了著名残疾人演奏家Perlman演出过程中发生的意外和他的应对措施。
1．解析：　句意理解题。画线句中的achi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )evement指的是Perlman能够做到的事情。下文中描述他上台的细节，说明对于一个行动不便的残疾人来说，能够自己走上舞台，已经是很了不起的事情了，对他自己已经是一个不小的成就了。
答案：　B
2.解析：　推理判断题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段倒数第一、二句“You could hear the sound go off like gunfire across the room.There was no mistaking what that sound meant.”可知，琴弦是弹奏过程中意外断掉的。
答案：　A
3.解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段中“We figured he would have to get up...to either find another violin or find another string for this one.”可知，观众们揣测他会换另一把琴或者换根弦。
答案：　C
4.解析：　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，他仅仅用三根弦继续完成了他的演奏，可推断他对于自己拉琴的能力很有信心。
答案：　D
5.解析：　标题概括题。通读全 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文可知，文章的核心不是断弦事件本身，而是断弦后Perlman镇定自信的表现，让人佩服和感动。故选项C最适合做标题。
答案：　C。2016浙江高考英语二轮说理议论阅读理解（4）解析答案
说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013北京,C)改编
Does Fame Drive You Crazy
Although bein ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g famous might sound like a dream come true,today’s stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world’s attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.
According to psycholog ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ist Christina Villarreal,celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually,they start to lose track of who they really are,seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them,not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to complain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so trouble ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some,why aren’t all celebrities running away from it The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few ce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lebrities can get a little justice.Still,even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.
1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today 　　　.
A.are often misunderstood by the public
B.can no longer have their privacy protected
C.spend too much on their public appearance
D.care little about how they have come into fame
2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3 (　　)
A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today (　　)
A.Availability of modern media.
B.Inadequate social recognition.
C.Lack of favorable chances.
D.Huge population of fans.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity (　　)
A.Sincere. B.Sceptical.
C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.
　　语篇解读:本文为一篇议论文,谈论了作为名人的窘境:头上罩着耀眼的光环,心底却埋藏着难言的苦衷,这就是公众人物的生活。
答案及剖析:1.B　推理判断题。第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段的后半部分提到狗仔队驻扎在明星家附近伺机拍摄,小报散布有关他们私生活的耸人听闻的消息,还有无处不在的拍录和签名,由此可推测如今的明星毫无隐私可言。故B项正确。
2.B　段落大意题。本段的第一句是主题句,根据本句的内容可知,名人所面临的问题由来已久。故B项正确。
3.A　推理判断题。第四段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的开头部分提到如今做一名公众人物比以往更加困难,再结合本段中的“modern cameras”和“the Internet”可知,之所以这样是因为现代化媒体在推波助澜。故选A项。
4.D　作者态度题。结合第一段中的“t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oday’s stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine”以及最后一段后两句中的内容可知,作者对现代名人满怀“同情”。
【长难句子分析】
虽然出名也许听起来像是梦想成真,但是当今的明星感觉像是动物园的动物,面临着我们很少人能想象的压力。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·枣庄高三模拟】
If you choose only to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) complain and escape from a misfortune，it will always follow you wherever you go.But if you decide to be strong，the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.
In an accident，a boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lost both his arms and his father—who was the main source of support for the family.Since then，he has had to depend on the arms of his younger brother.For the sake of taking care of him，his younger brother became his shadow，never leaving him alone for years.Except for writing with his toes，he was completely unable to do anything in his life.
As the two brothers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) grew up together，they had their share of problems and they would often quarrel.Then one day，his younger brother wanted to leave，living his own life，as many normal people do.So he was heart broken and didn’t know what to do.
A similar misfort ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )une befell a girl，too.One night her mother，who suffered from chronic (慢性的) mental illness，disappeared.Her father went out to look for her mother，leaving her alone at home.She tried to prepare meals for her parents，only to overturn the kerosene light on the stove，resulting in a fire which took her hands away.
Though her elder sis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter who was studying in another city，showed her willingness to take care of her，she was determined to be completely independent.At school，she always studied hard.Most of all she learned to be self reliant.
One day，the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oy and the girl were both invited to appear on a television interview program.The boy told the TV host about his uncertain future at being left on his own，whereas the girl was full of enthusiasm for her life.They both were asked to write something on a piece of paper with their toes.The boy wrote：My younger brother’s arms are my arms；while the girl wrote：Broken wings，flying heart.
1．What attitude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) should we take towards a misfortune in the author’s opinion
A．Trying to find an escape from it.
B．Facing it bravely with a positive mind.
C．Asking for help from your relatives.
D．Ignoring it and living a normal life.
2．After the accident，the boy________.
A．decided to live with his brother
B．learnt to do things with his toes
C．made a living all by himself
D．depended wholly on his brother
3．Which of the following is true of the girl
A．She lost her mother in an accident.
B．Her sister took good care of her.
C．She was optimistic and full of courage.
D．She led a poor life with her father.
4．What did the girl mean by “Broken wings，flying heart”？
A．Never give up hopes in face of hardship.
B．It’s not easy for her to live a normal life.
C．If a bird loses its wings，it cannot fly.
D．If you lose your hands，your life will be hard.
5．How does the author develop the text
A．In the order of time.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By listing facts.
D．In the order of importance.
语篇解读　本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过对比两个有相似遭遇的人的不同结果，说明了人只要坚强，就会战胜困境，使不幸转化为幸运。
1．解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，只要有积极的心态，学会坚强，勇敢地面对困境，不幸就会转化为幸运。
答案：　B
2．解析：　细节理解题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据第二段第二句和最后一句“Except for writing with his toes，he was completely unable to do anything in his life.”可知，自从他遭遇事故后，小男孩一直以来完全依靠弟弟的帮助来生活。
答案：　D
3．解析：　推理判断题。根据第五段内容和最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段第二句中的“whereas the girl was full of enthusiasm for her life.”可知，小女孩面对不幸没有选择放弃，而是去学会自立，努力学习，并对生活充满热情。由此可知，小女孩很乐观，很勇敢。
答案：　C
4．解析：　句意理解题。结合小女 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )孩的不幸遭遇和她的现状可推知，本句话的字面意思为：尽管失去双翼，但思想仍要飞翔。即虽然面对困境，但是对生活不能失去希望和信心。
答案：　A
5．解析：　篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章通过对有相似遭遇的两个人的不同结果进行比较，说明了本文的主题。
答案：B。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
【2014·泰安高三二轮复习质量检测】
Howie Choset，a robo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ticist，has been researching and building robots，particularly snake robots，at Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Mellon University for years.
Choset believes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.Choset says his new design is smaller and more flexible than earlier models.The size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.For example，instead of opening the entire chest up during heart surgery，a small hole is made，and a thin robotic snake crawls inside to the proper spot.
Dr Ashutosh Tewar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )i of Cornell University Medical Center has used robotic tools to perform thousands of operations.Tewari said he’s most excited about the potential for surgical robots to do things humans can’t do.He said the variety of sensors available for surgical robots keeps expanding，even as they get smaller.He said they may one day be able to test chemicals or blood in the body，or even the electrical connections in nerves.
Choset has also bui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt larger snake robots designed for search and rescue，or just exploration.They can climb poles or trees and then look around through a camera in the head，and slid through places humans can’t reach.
Another expert at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Carnegie Mellon stresses that there’s still an enormous gap between humans and even the most high tech robots.Manuela Velosa noted that robots have been built that are good at one or two tasks—but not at the variety of tasks humans perform without even thinking.
Velosa has been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) building robots that ask humans for help when they don’t know what to do，as well as teams of robots that play soccer against each other.Sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.
“It was progra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmed by me，but it looked to me as if they learned，” she said.“I believe we are much closer to having robots be able to exist with humans peacefully.The beautiful thing is you see the robots learning.”
1．How does Choset help save medical costs
A．By changing the size of robots frequently.
B．By designing larger snake robots.
C．By making complex surgeries faster and easier.
D．By improving the models of earlier snake robots.
2．The main advantage of using the thin surgical robot is________.
A．reducing the damage to the body
B．proving the technology useful to them
C．helping the doctors make much money
D．worsening the patient’s sickness
3．According to Manuela Velosa，________.
A．robots will replace humans in the future
B．robots can do much better than humans at some tasks
C．no robots can be made to turn to humans for help
D．robots are able to learn by themselves
4．What can be inferred from the text
A．The snake robot is thought to have no potential.
B．Larger snake robots are not practical.
C．Doctors will refuse to use the snake robot.
D．The future robot will be smarter and more popular.
5．What is the text mainly about
A．Three famous roboticists.
B．Researching and building robots.
C．How to make snake robots.
D．Different ideas on robots.
语篇解读　本文是一篇科研报告。文章主要介绍了用于外科手术中的蛇形机器人。
1．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“Choset believes that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.”可知，答案C符合文意。
答案：　C
2．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“The size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.”可知，答案A符合文意。
答案：　A
3．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段最后一句“Sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案：　B
4．解析：　推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第三段最后一句“He said they may one day be able to test chemicals or blood in the body，or even the electrical connections in nerves.”和对文章最后一段的整体理解可推知，答案D“未来的机器人将会越来越智能，越来越受人欢迎”符合文意。
答案：　D
5．解析：　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是对机器人的研究和建造，故答案B符合文意。
答案：B.。