(共36张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part Ⅲ Using Language
[语言集释 练透基础]
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．change the ___________of the scientific community 改变科学界的思维
2．block a key _________ in the body’s________ 阻断人体细胞中的一种关键蛋白质
3．at the _________ stage 在初始阶段
4．do some _______ work 做一些扎实的工作
5．______ different __________ of you 投射你不同的影子
6．all the colours of the _________ 彩虹的各种颜色
7．______ the coffee 倒咖啡
8．a __________ floor 混凝土地面
thinking
protein
cells
initial
solid
cast
shadows
rainbow
pour
concrete
9．Railway _____________Engineering 铁路机械工程
10．space and _________ programme 太空和导弹计划
11．under Qian’s ____________ 在钱学森的领导下
12．an _____________ and creative scientist 一位杰出的有创造力的科学家
13．__________ thought 抽象思维
14．the ________ state theory 稳态理论
15．the steady state __________ 稳态概念
16．besides being ___________ 除了出色之外
17．admit his _________ 承认他的错误
18．a ________ in personal interest 个人兴趣的转变
19．a ________imagination 生动的想象
Mechanical
missile
leadership
outstanding
abstract
steady
concept
brilliant
faults
shift
vivid
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．__________n．发现；调查结果→find v．发现
2．__________ v．保卫；防守；辩解→defence n．防御；国防；辩护
3．___________ n．助理；助手→assist v．帮助，协助→assistance n．帮助，援助
4．_________adj.有天赋的；有天才的→gift n．天才，天赋；礼物，赠品
finding
defend
assistant
gifted
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．get down ____ 开始做……
2．in the form _____．..以……的形式
3．break ______突然开始；爆发
4．have an effect _____对……有影响
5．in charge _____负责
6．come _______ with 患(病)；染上(疾病)
7．_______ all 最重要的是；尤其是
8．take _____决定做……；承担(责任)
9．________ one’s leadership 在某人的领导下
10．trace...__________．..把……追溯到……
to
of
out
on
of
down
above
on
under
back to
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句式公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
译文：________________________________________________________________
2．句式公式：once引导时间状语从句
Once the maths was corrected，it showed that the big bang theory—and not the steady state theory—was true.
译文：______________________________________________________________ _________。
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
一旦数学被修正，它就表明大爆炸理论——而不是稳态理论——是正确的
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文章结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The main idea of the passage is that a great scientist should be hard-working，____________ and full of love.
determined
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
1．Why did Qian Xuesen transfer to aviation
A．He liked to be a pilot after graduation.
B．He realized that China needed a strong air force.
C．He wanted to go to Shanghai.
D．He disliked railway mechanical engineering.
2．Why did he come back to China
A．He wanted to serve his country.
B．He met with difficulties in America.
C．He was a hero in China.
D．He missed his family.
3．What inspired his scientific research
A．Reading widely.
B．Shenzhou rocket.
C．Interest in science.
D．Deep appreciation for art.
4．How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct
A．Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B．He worked with others to prove it true.
C．He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in the maths.
D．Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in physics at the moment.
5．What helped Stephen Hawking in his fight against the disease
A．Cleverness. B．Dreams.
C．Determination. D．Mistakes.
答案 1—5 BADCC
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles，his world became one of abstract thought.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，since引导______状语从句，which引导______从句修饰先行词disease。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ ______________________
原因
定语
他因病导致他的大部分肌肉无法活动，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思维世界。
2．However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，after引导____________从句，主干部分中有一个because引导的____________从句，原因状语从句中realised后面是that引导的______从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________。
时间状语
原因状语
宾语
然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他认识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家
3．The other was the big bang theory，which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句，which引导_______________从句，修饰先行词the big bang theory，定语从句中的that引导______从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ _______________。
非限制性定语
宾语
另一个是大爆炸理论，该理论认为宇宙起源于时间和空间上的一个单一点
语言知识研磨
03
1．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
pour in 涌进
pour into 涌进……
pour out 倒出；涌出；倾诉
pour out of...从……中涌出来
pour down (雨)倾盆而降
单句语法填空
①The rays of the sun poured ____ through the window.
②The river pours ______ the sea.
③After the meeting the people poured _____ in crowds.
④He was seriously wounded.Blood poured out ____ the wound.
单句写作
⑤The storm _________________ and _______________________．
乌云密布，下起了倾盆大雨。 (读后续写之环境描写)
in
into
out
of
clouds gathered
the rain poured down
2．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
break in 强行进入；打断
break through 突破；冲破
break up 破碎；解散；分手
break off 断开；中断；停顿
break away from 逃脱；脱离
break into 强行闯入；突然开始
break down 出故障；垮掉
单句语法填空
①He broke ______ my house and stole my money.
②The meeting broke _____at eleven o’clock.
③Once you join them，you can never break away _______ them.
④If you go on working like that，you will break _______ sooner or later.
⑤We were discussing our plans，but had to break _______when the telephone rang.
单句写作
⑥________________________ after his speech.
他演讲结束后响起了热烈的掌声。 (读后续写之场景描写)
into
up
from
down
off
Warm applause broke out
3．defend vt.保卫； 防守； 辩解； 防御； 保护
(1)defend oneself 自卫； 为……辩护
defend against 抵御
defend sb.from/against 保护某人免受……
(2)defence n. 防御； 保卫
in defence (of) 保卫(……)
单句语法填空
①He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers ___________ (defend) him.
②The army will do whatever it takes to defend the motherland _________ any invasion.
③She spoke bravely ____ defence of freedom of speech.
④The wall was built to defend the road from ______________ (wash)away by the sea.
单句写作
⑤People should ______________________________________________________．
人们应该尽最大努力保护环境免受污染。(应用文写作之环保话题)
to defend
against
being washed
try their best to defend the environment against from pollution
in
4．assistant n．助理； 助手； 售货员
单句语法填空
①We will assist you in _________(find) somewhere to live.
②The family decided to assist me ______ my chores.
③I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept ____________ (assist)from.
一句多译
④我乐意帮助你学习普通话。
I am willing to ________________your Mandarin learning.
→I am willing to ___________________ your Mandarin.
→I am willing to ______________________ your Mandarin.
finding
with
assistance
assist you with
assist you to learn
assist you in learning
单句写作
⑤We will ________________________________________________________．
我们会尽最大努力来帮助你应对这个挑战。(应用文写作之推荐信)
do our best to assist you in handling/to handle this challenge
5．in charge of主管；掌管
take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
free of charge 免费
in sb.’s charge＝in the charge of sb.由……主管(含被动意义)
单句语法填空
①The company was badly organized until she took charge_____ it.
②The teacher is _____charge of the class.
完成句子
③The performers have all offered their services ________________．
演员们都愿意免费出演。
一句多译
④当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。
The company is ________________ Tom when the boss is away.
→Tom is _____________the company when the boss is away.
of
in
free of charge
in the charge of
in charge of
单句写作
⑤The teacher，who has taught for over 30 years, ______________________________．
那位已经教了三十多年书的老师，在负责学校工作。(读后续写之人物描写)
is in charge of the school work
6．come down with患(病); 染上(疾病)
单句语法填空
①He came__________an experienced mechanic in the factory.
②That terrible accident came ________ when we went to New York last year.
③It’s a friendly place—people come _____ to you in the street and start talking.
④His book on English learning will come ______ next month.
单句写作
⑤We ___________________________________ when under stress.
在有压力的情况下，我们更容易生病。(应用文写作之建议信)
across
about
up
out
come down with illnesses more easily
7.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)
完成句子
①I have never spent ___________________．
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。
②Tom is more intelligent __________________________________________ in his class.
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
③Nothing is _________________________________________ practice.
实践最重要。
④______________________________________ my life.
再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
a more worrying day
than any other student/all the other students
as/so important as(＝more important than)
No other book has had a greater effect on
谢 谢 观 看(共14张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part Ⅱ Learning About Language
[语法突破 精研细究]
表语从句
Ⅰ.语法图解
Ⅱ.自主领悟
1．One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
2．You may not believe it，but that was what happened at the initial stage of our group’s research on developing a vaccine for malaria.
3．What Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused over 500 deaths within ten days.
4．We realised that what we cared about was not what aspect we needed to develop a theory in，but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!
[我的发现]
1．所有例句中的黑体部分都位于____________后，作表语，故都是____________，这些表语从句在词性上相当于一个______。
2．句1由从属连词_______引导；句2由连接代词_______引导；句3由连接副词______引导；句4由连接代词________引导。
系动词be
表语从句
名词
that
what
why
what
Ⅲ.要点精析
表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当主句的表语。表语从句就是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。
1．从属连词that引导的表语从句
从属连词that的用法：①无意义 ②不充当成分 ③不可省略
The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.
他缺席的原因是他没接到通知。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.
我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
2．从属连词whether引导的表语从句
The point is whether we should lend him the money.
关键在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
【名师点津】 if不能引导表语从句。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句
The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.
问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。
This is what I am interested in.
这就是我所感兴趣的。
That’s where I first met her.
那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。
4．because，as if/though等引导的表语从句
It’s just because he doesn’t know her.
这仅仅是因为他不认识她。
Now it seems as though she had known Millie for years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
[即学即练1]
用where，when，that填空
①Look at the high mountain.That is ________ we will get.
②The first time we met each other was _______ we studied in that school.
③My advice is ______ we (should) work together.
where
when
that
5．why和because引导的表语从句的区别
I didn’t phone her，and that’s why she got angry with me.(强调“没打电话”这一结果)
我没有给她打电话，那就是她对我生气的原因。
I didn’t phone her，and that’s because I got angry with her.(强调“生气”这一原因)
我没有给她打电话，那是因为我生她的气了。
【名师点津】 reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。
That’s why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果
That’s because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因
6．表语从句中的虚拟语气
在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order，idea等，从句谓语形式是“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。
[即学即练2]
用why，that，because填空
①It was raining hard，that was ______ I came late.
②I came late，that was _________ _it was raining hard.
③The reason why I came late was ______ it was raining hard.
why
because
that
课时分层作业
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共16张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
单元知识清单
【重点单词】
1．____________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
2．___________ n．感染；传染
3．________ n．证据；证明；检验
4．____________n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
5．_______________adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
6．________vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责
7．_______n．联系；纽带v.把……连接起来；相关联
8．_________n．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵
9．_______n．微生物；细菌；病菌
frustrated
infection
proof
household
contradictory
blame
link
handle
germ
10．_______adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的
11．___________n．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小
12．____________ n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学
13．___________ vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
14．______ adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
15．_______ n．病毒
16．_______ adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体
17．_______ v．倒出；倾泻；斟
18．_____________ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
19._________ n．弱点；过错
pure
decrease
statistics
subscribe
raw
virus
solid
pour
outstanding
fault
【拓展词汇】
1．severe adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的；严厉的→___________adv.严重地；严格地；严厉地
2．infect v．使感染；传染→____________n．感染；传染
3．suspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→_____________adj.有嫌疑的
4．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→__________adv.纯粹地；仅仅，只不过
5．transform vi.改变；转变vt.使改观； 使改变形态→_________________ n．转化；改造；转变
6．thinking n．思想；思维；见解→_________v．想→__________ n．想法→___________n．思想家
severely
infection
suspected
purely
transformation
think
thought
thinker
7．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→_____________adv.最初，首先
8．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→___________n．防御；保卫
9．assistant n．助手；助理→__________vt.帮助；协助；援助→______________n．帮助；协助
10．steady adj.平稳的；稳步的；稳定的→____________adv.平稳地；持续地
11．finding n．发现；调查结果； (法律)判决→________vt.找到； 发现
12．astronomer n．天文学家→____________ n．天文学
13．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→____________n．机械师；机械修理工→___________n．机械装置，机器
initially
defence
assist
assistance
steadily
find
astronomy
mechanic
machine
14．abstract adj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要→______________n．抽象；提取
15．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→______________ adv.灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地
16．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→_______ n．礼物；天赋；赠品
17．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→___________adv.清晰地；生动地；强烈地
abstraction
brilliantly
gift
vividly
【重点语块】
1.___________________最终地；彻底地
2._______________同意；赞同
3._____________幸亏；由于
4.______________水泵
5._____________照料；照顾
6．___________死于……
7.______________分娩
8.______________一般来说
9．___________查明
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
water pump
attend to
die from
give birth
in general
find out
10._______________由于……
11.___________________对……有影响
12._____________努力
13.____________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
14._______________主管，掌管
15.______________________接受挑战
16._________________患(病)；染上(疾病)
17.____________指出
18.___________梦想
19.___________最重要的是
as a result of
have an impact on
with effort
break out
in charge of
take on the challenge
come down with
point out
dream of
above all
【重点结构】
1．One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
[句式仿写] 其中一个原因是他的作品太难翻译了。
____________________________ his works were too hard to translate.
2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
[句式仿写] 他非常努力工作，结果取得了更好的成绩。
He worked __________________________________．
One reason for this was that
so hard that he had better results
3．Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.
[句式仿写] 他有一个可以泡茶的地方。
He has _____________________________．
4．As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
[句式仿写] 我弄不懂怎样做这件事。
I can’t figure out _______________．
a place where he can make tea
how to do this
5．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
[句式仿写] 他的杰出成就使他成为本世纪最伟大的人物之一。
His illustrious accomplishments ________________________________ in this century.
6．Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
[句式仿写] 没有什么比这件事更重要了。
_____________________________________
made him one of the greatest men
Nothing is more important than this.
7．He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
[句式仿写] 这种植物不仅好看，而且还实用。
The plant is __________________________________．
not only beautiful but also useful
【语用知识】
【写佳作 背单词】
在我看来，成就伟大科学家的是他们的科学精神——专心、勤奋、决心等。多亏科学精神，伟大的科学家们取得了许多突出的成就。没有钱学森在导弹和火箭方面全心全意的工作，中国就不会在短时间内成为世界上一个如此强大的国家。 袁博士研制的杂交水稻大大减少了世界上的饥饿人口。此外，作为学生，如果我们能把科学精神用于我们的学习中，那么我们一定会实现我们的目标。我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且要学习他们的科学精神。
【参考范文】
In my opinion，what made them great scientists are their scientific spirits—devotion，diligence，determination and so on.Thanks to the scientific spirits，the great scientists have made many outstanding achievements.For instance，without Qian Xuesen’s devoted work on missiles and rockets，China wouldn’t have become such a powerful country/so powerful a country in the world in a short time.The hybrid rice that Dr.Yuan developed has decreased the number of the hungry people around the world greatly.Furthermore，as students，if we can apply the scientific spirits to our study，we will certainly achieve our goals.Not only should we show respect for the great scientists，but also we should learn the scientific spirits from them.
单元素养检测
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共62张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
[疏通文脉 语篇探究]
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
课时分层作业
04
[单元主题语境] 人与社会——科学及科学家
1. The attitude of science is being practical and realistic.科学的态度是实事求是。
—Qian Xuesen钱学森
2．Studying knowledge needs thinking again and again，which is a learning method helping me become a scientist.学习知识要善于思考、思考、再思考。我就是靠这个学习方法才成为科学家的。
—Albert Einstein阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
3．Science is unpredictable.If I had known it，I would have found it before.科学是不可预测的。如果我知道的话，我早就把它做出来了。
—Stephen Hawking斯蒂芬·霍金
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．cause ________ diarrhoea 引起严重的腹泻
2．become ____________变得沮丧
3．have two _______________ theories 有两种相互矛盾的理论
4．an ___________ from _______ 感染细菌
5．need ________ 需要证据
6．__________ deaths 很多人死亡
7．many poor ____________ 很多贫困家庭
8．_________ him of theft 怀疑他盗窃
9．through this ______________ 通过这种干预
severe
frustrated
contradictory
infection
germs
proof
multiple
households
suspect
intervention
10．_____ waste 未经处理的废弃物
11．______ water 纯净水
12．a ____________________ 大幅降低
13．use of maps and ____________ 地图和统计数据的使用
14．___________ the way 改变方式
raw
pure
substantial decrease
statistics
transform
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1._________ adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严格地；严厉地
2．_________v．使感染；传染→infection n．感染；传染
3．__________vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→suspected adj.有嫌疑的
4．_______ vt.证明；检验→proof n．证据；证明；检验
5．_______adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.纯粹地；仅仅
6．____________vi.改变；转变vt.使改观；使改变形态→transformation n．转化；改造；转变
7．___________n．思想；思维；见解→think v．想→thought n．想法→thinker n．思想家
severe
infect
suspect
prove
pure
transform
thinking
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．die ___________ 死于……
2．attend _____ 照料；照顾
3．give _______ 分娩
4．once and _____ all 最终地；彻底地
5．subscribe ____ 同意；赞同
6．thanks ____ 幸亏；由于
7．____ general 一般来说
8．find _____ 查明
9．____ a result of 由于……
from/of
to
birth
for
to
to
in
out
as
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句式公式：It seems/seemed＋that 从句 好像……，似乎……
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
译文：________________________________________________________________ ____________
2．句式公式：have sth.done
Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
译文：____________________________________________________
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
于是，他叫人把水泵的把手卸下来，使它不能使用。
3．句式公式：the way＋定语从句
Moreover，in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
译文：_______________________________________________________________
此外，斯诺运用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文章结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The text is mainly about John Snow and how he________________________．
defeated king cholera
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in
A．Bad air caused the disease.
B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.
D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
2．What was the key to help for John Snow’s discovery
A．The government.
B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street.
C．The water company.
D．The map made by himself.
3．At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by ________．
A．using medicines in hospital
B．driving patients out of the country
C．dealing with the polluted water
D．getting rid of all kinds of pollution
4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence
A．Cholera multiplied in the water.
B．Polluted water carried the virus.
C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.
D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.
5．Where does this text probably come from
A．A newspaper. B．A medical report.
C．A book review. D．A TV interview.
答案 1—5 BDCBA
Ⅳ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息
A．that bad air caused the disease
B．how it could be overcome
C．how cholera spread
D．that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected
E．that the water from the pump carried cholera germs
F．that the water pump was to blame
1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed__________．
2．In general，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain________．
3．One theory was ________．
4．Snow suspected ________．
5．As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce________．
6．The truth was ________ by waste.
答案 1—6 BCAFED
Ⅴ.长难句分析
1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句，until引导____________从句，其中how it could be overcome为how引导的______从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ ________________________
时间状语
宾语
霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。
2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
[句式分析] 本句为复合句，动词discovered 后是______引导的宾语从句，其中____________引导结果状语从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ ___________________
that
so...that...
他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
——词汇积累——
①used to 过去时常；过去曾(而现在不再)做
②one of the most feared diseases 最可怕的疾病之一
③cause severe diarrhoea 导致严重的腹泻
④an outbreak of cholera 爆发霍乱
⑤millions of people 数百万人
⑥die from 死于
⑦become frustrated 变得沮丧
⑧in time 最后
⑨attend to 照料；照顾
⑩give birth 生孩子
once and for all 最终地；彻底地
in general 一般而言
two contradictory theories两种相互矛盾的理论
an infection from germs细菌感染
subscribe to 同意；赞同
need proof 需要证据
begin to investigate 开始调查
more than 500 people 500多人
——教材原文——
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
Cholera used to① be one of the most feared diseases② in the world，until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome[1].This illness causes severe diarrhoea③，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of cholera④ hit Europe[2]，millions of people⑤died from⑥ the disease.As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera[3].In time⑧，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to⑨ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑩[4].However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all .
[1]until引导时间状语从句，其中how...be overcome为宾语从句。
[2]when引导时间状语从句。
[3]because引导原因状语从句。
[4]when引导时间状语从句。
In general ，doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread[5].One theory was that bad air caused the disease[6].The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water[7].Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct，but he still needed proof .Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854[8]，Snow began to investigate .He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days[9].He was determined to find out why .
[5]不定式短语作名词theories的后置定语，其中how cholera spread为宾语从句。
[6]that引导表语从句。
[7]that引导表语从句。
[8]when引导时间状语从句。
[9]第一个that引导宾语从句，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。
[10]where引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，其中who died也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词those。
[11]and so因而，连接两个并列谓语。
[12]that引导宾语从句。
[13]固定句式It seemed that...似乎……，其中so...that...引导结果状语从句。
[14]that引导宾语从句。
[15]so that引导目的状语从句。
[16] that引导表语从句。
[17] that引导定语从句，修饰先行词water。
[18]who引导定语从句，第一个定语从句的先行词为people；第二个定语从句的先行词为those。
[19]and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。
[20]and连接表示顺承关系的并列句。
[21]“疑问词＋不定式短语”作宾语。
[22]省略关系词that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
[23]名词短语作主语补足语。
——课文译文——
约翰·斯诺战胜
“霍乱王”
霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺非常的沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。后来，他成为了一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王生孩子时照顾过她。然而，他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。
一般来说，当时的医生对解释霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的理论。有一种理论是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。另一种观点是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的，但他仍然需要证据。因此，当1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心找出原因。
斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经居住过的确切地点。布罗德街的水泵附近有多人死亡(尤其是门牌号16号、37号、38号和40号)。然而，一些家庭(如布罗德街20号和21号，剑桥街8号和9号)没有死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧里工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有喝这个水泵的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。此外，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从布罗德街搬走后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢这个水泵的水，以至于她每天都让人把水送到家。根据这些证据，约翰·斯诺能够宣布这个水泵的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他让人把水泵的把手拿掉了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，这种疾病的蔓延被立即阻止了。
事实上，布罗德街的水泵的水已经被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，这些水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。
在斯诺的不懈努力下，自来水公司开始出售干净的水，在世界范围内霍乱的威胁大幅减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，并且许多人因此而死亡。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计数据改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。
语言知识研磨
03
1．once and for all 最终地；彻底地
all at once 突然；同时
at once 立刻，马上
once and again 一而再，再而三
单句语法填空
①We have to resolve this matter once _____ for all.
②All ____ once there was someone knocking on the door.
③He was punished once _____ again for telling lies.
单句写作
④The problem _____________________________，if you do that.
如果你那样做，问题就可能一劳永逸地得到解决。(应用文写作之建议信)
and
at
and
can be solved once and for all
2．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
(1)suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb.to be...怀疑某人是……
(2)suspicion n．怀疑
(3)suspicious adj.感觉可疑的
单句语法填空
①I suspect him _______(be) a pickpocket.
②I suspected the girl of _______ (lie) to us.
③The police are warning the public to be on the alert for _____________ (suspect) packages.
完成句子
④The police ______________________________________．
警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
to be
lying
suspicious
suspect him of having stolen the money
3．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
(1)be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)负有责任，(因某事)应受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人
take the blame for sth.承担某事的责任
单句语法填空
①If that happens，the coach will take the blame _____ it.
②You are not __________ (blame).I can’t put the blame on you.
③They placed the blame ____ the doctor.
一句多译
④你们不应该把这次失败归咎于约翰。(应用文写作之建议信)
You shouldn’t ________________ the failure.
→You shouldn’t _____________________ John.
for
to blame
on
blame John for
blame the failure on
4．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
(1)link...to/with...将……和……联系/连接起来
link up 连接；结合
link up with...与……联合；使与……衔接
(2)a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
单句语法填空
①The new tunnel links Britain __________ France.
②The two spacecraft will link up ______ each other in orbit.
③The country ___________ (link) to the town by a new bridge.
单句写作
④The new bridge will______________________________．
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。(应用文写作之推荐信)
to/with
with
is linked
link the island to the mainland
5．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(1)on the decrease 在减少中
a decrease in...在……方面减少
(2)decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
单句语法填空
①There is a decrease of nearly 7% ____ the number of visitors to the museum.
②The accidents have decreased ____ 20% since the measure was taken.
③Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals is ____ the decrease.
单句写作
④There has been ____________________________ since the law was introduced.
自从立法之后污染已经大大减少。 (应用文写作之环保话题)
in
by
on
a sharp decrease in pollution
6．thanks to 幸亏；由于
because of 因为；由于
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于
due to 因为；由于
owing to 由于；……的缘故
单句语法填空
①As a result ____ the bad weather，the football match was put off.
②The accident was due ____ his careless driving.
③Owing ____ your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time.
单句写作
④___________________，it is_____________________ we have expected.
多亏你的帮助，(这件事)获得了比我们预期更大的成功。(应用文写作之感谢信)
of
to
to
Thanks to your help
more successful than
7．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
(1)transform A into B 把A变成B
transform sth.from A to B 使某物从A变成B
(2)transformation n．改变；改革
单句语法填空
①We must work hard so as to transform China ______ an advanced industrial country.
②A complete change of climate transformed the area from farmland ____ desert.
③We are living in a time of social ________________ (transform).
完成句子
④He seems to have miraculously _________________________________．
他似乎奇迹般地变成了一流的球员。
into
to
transformation
transformed into a first-class player
8．so...that...引导结果状语从句
单句写作
①It is ___________________ I’d like to see it a second time.
这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。 (应用文写作之推荐信)
完成句子
②She works ____________ we all respect her.
她工作这么努力，我们都很敬佩她。
so good a film that
so hard that
句型转换
③She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
→She is _______________________ we all like her.
④It is such a heavy box that I can’t lift it.
→It is ___________________ I can’t lift it.
such a lovely girl that
so heavy a box that
【名师点津】
(1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。
There was so little time left that we must hurry.时间不多了，我们要快一点。
They are such little children that they can’t understand it.他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。
(2)在“so...that...”和“such...that...”结构中，当“so/such...”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用全部倒装。
So hot a day was it that they all went swimming.＝Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming.天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。
课时分层作业
04
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共16张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part Ⅳ Writing [写作培优 表达升格]
[写作任务]
如何写一篇关于科学精神的评论文章
评论科学精神是新课程标准中的写作要求之一，要求对人物外貌、个性、主要事迹及贡献进行描述和说明。
基本框架：
首先，对人物进行简要的介绍，比如生平、事件、职业等。
其次，挑选出人物一生中比较重要的事迹进行描写，要尽可能地详细，因为这影响人们对他/她的整体评价。
最后，对人物进行客观的评价，包括其人格、贡献以及闪光点的评价。
[写作实践]
请根据以下内容写一篇文章介绍中国科学家潘建伟。
1．1970年3月生，浙江东阳人。1999年获奥地利维也纳大学实验物理博士学位。潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信等方面的研究。
2．他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家，并且取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。他获得“改革先锋”等称号。
3．他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离。他站在世界的最前沿，和宇宙对话，做前无古人的事业。
参考词汇：量子通信quantum communication；维也纳Vienna
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[谋篇布局]
[话题词汇]
1．_______________ 从事于……
2．__________________________ 有国际影响力的
3．______________ adj.显著的
4．___________________ 改革先锋
5．_________________ 对……的好奇心
6．___________________ 投身于……，致力于……
7．________________________ 与……保持距离
8．__________________ 名利
be engaged in
internationally influential
significant
pioneer of reform
curiosity about
devote oneself to
keep his distance from
fame and fortune
[由词扩句]
1．潘建伟1970年3月生，浙江东阳人。
Pan Jianwei _____________ Dongyang，Zhejiang Province in March 1970.
2．1999年获奥地利维也纳大学实验物理博士学位。
In 1999，he _________________________________________________ from the University of Vienna，Austria.
3．潘建伟教授主要从事量子通信等方面的研究。
Professor Pan Jianwei ________________________________ of quantum communication.
4．他是该领域有重要国际影响力的科学家。
He is an _________________________________ in this field.
was born in
received his doctor’s degree in experimental physics
is mainly engaged in the research
internationally influential scientist
5．他取得了一系列有重要意义的研究成果。
He has ___________________________________________．
6．他获得了“改革先锋”等称号。
He received _______________________________”．
7．他对世界保持着孩童般的好奇，一心做研究，保持与名利的距离。
He keeps childlike _________________________，__________________ research，and ________________________________________．
8．他站在世界的最前沿，和宇宙对话，做前无古人的事业。
He ____________________________________，talks to the universe，and does things that no one has done before.
achieved a series of significant research results
such titles as “pioneer of reform
curiosity about the world
devotes himself to
keeps his distance from fame and fortune
stands in the front row of the world
[句式升级]
9．用so...that...改写句3和句4。
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10．用现在分词短语改写句8。
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Professor Pan Jianwei is so engaged in the research of quantum communication that he is an internationally influential scientist in this field.
He stands in the front row of the world，talking to the universe，and doing things that no one has done before.
[连句成篇]
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【参考范文】
Pan Jianwei was born in Dongyang，Zhejiang Province in March 1970.In 1999，he received his doctor’s degree in experimental physics from the University of Vienna，Austria.Professor Pan Jianwei is so engaged in the research of quantum communication that he is an internationally influential scientist in this field and has achieved a series of significant research results.He received such titles as “pioneer of reform”．He keeps childlike curiosity about the world，devotes himself to research，and keeps his distance from fame and fortune.He stands in the front row of the world，talking to the universe，and doing things that no one has done before.
[实战演练]
每年，国家科学技术奖励大会都会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行，届时党和国家领导人会为获奖的科学家颁奖。请你围绕以下要点谈谈你的个人看法。
1．党和政府为什么如此重视科技事业的发展；
2．作为一名高中生，你应该如何去做。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．短文要求包含所有要点，但不要逐条翻译；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
4．开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Every year，the National Science-Technology Award Ceremony is held in the Great Hall of the People.__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Every year，the National Science-Technology Award Ceremony is held in the Great Hall of the People.At that time，the top leaders of our country award medals to scientists who have made outstanding contributions to our country.
It’s clear that the government attaches great importance to science and technology.There’s no doubt that science and technology play a vital part in a country’s development.Those who receive the awards deserve them because，through years of hard work，they have made outstanding contributions to our country.China needs more scientists and inventors like them.
As a senior school student，I’ll try my best to learn all my subjects well so as to serve the society as well as our country.
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